EP2904615A1 - Powder and paste for improving the conductivity of electrical connections - Google Patents

Powder and paste for improving the conductivity of electrical connections

Info

Publication number
EP2904615A1
EP2904615A1 EP13780184.1A EP13780184A EP2904615A1 EP 2904615 A1 EP2904615 A1 EP 2904615A1 EP 13780184 A EP13780184 A EP 13780184A EP 2904615 A1 EP2904615 A1 EP 2904615A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
foam
paste
particles
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13780184.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2904615B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Pillet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMC SARL
Original Assignee
AMC SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AMC SARL filed Critical AMC SARL
Publication of EP2904615A1 publication Critical patent/EP2904615A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2904615B1 publication Critical patent/EP2904615B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
    • H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/045—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by other means than ball or jet milling
    • B22F2009/046—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by other means than ball or jet milling by cutting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/30—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a screw or nut clamping member
    • H01R4/304—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a screw or nut clamping member having means for improving contact
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12181—Composite powder [e.g., coated, etc.]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to techniques for improving the electrical connection between two metallic conductors, and relates in particular to a powder and a paste for improving the conductance of the electrical connection between two metallic conductors.
  • Another French patent published under the number 2.962.856 also describes a contact device comprising an intermediate conductive element consisting of a skeleton of metal foam selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys covered with at least a coating of tin, indium or one of their alloys.
  • the two conductors 12 and 14 are separated by an intermediate conductive element 10 of metal foam so that their surfaces come into contact with the foam.
  • the electrical connection between the conductors 12 and 14 is made by close contact thanks to a clamping means such as a clamping bolt 16 passing through the two conductors as well as the intermediate conductive element.
  • the spacer element preferably comprises a peripheral seal 20 making it possible to reduce the penetration of degrading external agents by creating a tight barrier at the periphery of the contact.
  • the main object of the present invention is therefore to provide electrical connection means making it possible to improve the electrical conductance of an electrical connection and to slow the degradation of the surfaces in contact, in particular when the connection is made by means of a cable having a plurality of strands.
  • a first object of the invention is an electrical connection powder consisting of metal open cell foam particles selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys coated with at least one tin coating, indium or one of their alloys.
  • a second object of the invention is an electrical connection paste comprising the above powder and a binder in which the powder is dispersed.
  • Figure 1 shows a section of an embodiment of an electrical connection described in the French patent published under number 2.962.856;
  • FIG. 2 represents an intermediate conductive element described in the French patent published under the number 2.962.856;
  • Figure 3 shows the end of an electrical connection cable with an exploded view of a portion of the crimping ring.
  • connection according to the principles of the invention can be made as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the connection may comprise a conductive spacer element 10 between two conductors 12 and 14, but this intermediate element consists of the powder or paste which are the objects of the invention.
  • the electrical connection between the conductors 12 and 14 is made by close contact thanks to a clamping means such as a clamping bolt 16 passing through the two conductors as well as the intermediate conductive layer 10.
  • the intermediate element when the two conductors are clamped together, the intermediate element is compressed and its thickness decreases in part because grains of powder or the binder of the paste in which the powder is dispersed are ejected at the periphery of the the intermediate element. Therefore, contrary to the embodiment described in the patent published under number 2.962.856, it is unnecessary to provide a seal around the spacer element.
  • At least one of the conductors is aluminum.
  • the present invention is not limited to this case and applies to all conductors, for example copper.
  • the metal foam is a foam-type open-cell foam composed of a metal foam skeleton selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys coated, for example directly, with at least one metal coating such as a coating of tin, indium or one of their alloys.
  • the structure of the foam is cellular and its physical property is mainly a high porosity and deformability, which has the effect of reducing the electrical resistance of the connection, and a low density of the order of 400 g / m.
  • a feature of the invention is that the metal foam skeleton is coated, for example directly, with a coating of another metal, by electrolysis or any other another method (projection, immersion in a bath ...) so that the entire alveolar surface is coated with this other metal.
  • the coating metal is preferably a ductile metal such as tin, indium or one of their alloys, in order to increase the contact area of each point of the metal constituting the skeleton, of penetrate the streaks of the conductor surface and improve the electrochemical compatibility between the skeleton of foam and the metal of the driver.
  • first coating may also be covered with another coating of a metal different from that of the first coating, and so on.
  • first coating is tin
  • second coating may be indium.
  • the metal foam is then reduced to powder by any suitable means.
  • the grains thus obtained preferably have a diameter of approximately between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, and preferably between one and two millimeters, for example 1.6 mm.
  • the metal foam is then reduced to powder, the particles of which have a size of between 1 and 2 mm by any appropriate means making it possible to preserve the honeycomb structure.
  • obtaining the powder is made by cutting the foam, preferably a laser cut, which does not alter the foam structure of the foam and keeps all the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the foam.
  • laser cutting makes it possible to create sharp edges on the small pieces of foam which will thus penetrate more easily into the conductors in contact.
  • the powder obtained consists mainly of vacuum because of its honeycomb structure.
  • the surface of the particles of the powder comprises a multitude of micron contact points whose number reaches 30 points per mm 2 . Thanks to these points, the element interlayer 10 having many contacts, has a high conductivity and therefore a low resistance.
  • the powder is dispersed in a binder so as to form a paste which, like the powder, makes it possible to improve the electrical conductance of an electrical connection.
  • This binder which may be grease or petroleum jelly, completely fills the cells with the foam particles, which prevents the penetration of pollutants or agents that can oxidize or degrade the surfaces.
  • this grease can incorporate anti-oxidation products and metal particles of a few microns increasing its life.
  • Particles can be particles of silver, gold or any other metal that is a good conductor of electricity.
  • the foam powder may also be impregnated or charged with a component to reduce the formation of a high resistivity layer on the surface of the conductors, such as alumina on a conductor. aluminum, and / or etching the surface of the conductors.
  • the powder and the dough which are the subject of the invention can be used for an old electrical connection or for a new electrical connection.
  • the contact is even more important that it is located near the clamping means or bolt 16. Therefore, the resistance, and therefore the electrical losses of the electrical connection consisting of the conductors 12 and 14 in contact, is minimal near the clamping means 16 and increases more away from it.
  • This inhomogeneous distribution of the current favors a zone of higher current concentration and therefore an area more stressed and therefore degraded more quickly.
  • the addition of the conductive powder particles or the paste of the layer 10 increases the contact points between the two conductors 12 and 14 and thus allows a homogeneous distribution of the current over the entire surface of the contact. Thanks to this homogeneous distribution, there are no areas of concentration of current and therefore no zone more solicited and conducive to a more rapid degradation.
  • the powder and the dough which are the subject of the invention can also be advantageously used for a contact of a degraded or deformed electrical connection.
  • This degradation is due to the oxygen in the air which causes the formation of an oxide layer.
  • this oxide which is alumina, increases the resistance of the connection.
  • the tips located on the surface of the particles of the powder also pierce the oxide layer such as alumina which is formed permanently on the surface of the conductors 12 and 14, which makes it possible to improve the electrical conductance of a used connection, even without cleaning it first.
  • Another advantage of the paste according to the invention is to provide a coating of the strands which prevents their oxidation.
  • Figure 3 shows an electrical connection using a cable.
  • the end is formed of a lug 20 which is generally flat and has a hole 22 used for clamping the lug on another flat conductor. Improved contact between the pod and the other Conductor is made in the manner described above by an intermediate layer of powder or pulp objects of the invention.
  • the lug 20 is connected to the cable 24 by a crimping ring 26 on which is exerted a high pressure during assembly to achieve good electrical contact between the lug 20 and the cable 24.
  • the cable Before crimping the cable 24 by the ring 26, the cable is immersed in the powder which is the subject of the present invention or the strands of the cable are coated with the dough which is the subject of the present invention, for example by spraying, so that the dough enters the interstices between the strands of the cable, for example the gap 36.
  • the powder or paste penetrates deeper into the interstices thanks to the pressure exerted
  • the powder and the dough which are the subject of the present invention are all the more advantageous as their effectiveness increases with temperature.
  • the potential drop of a connection of 1 dm 2 using the powder or the paste according to the invention from a nickel foam covered with tin is of the order of a few mV for a current of one intensity of 5000 A and at a temperature of 80 ° C. This feature is due to the fact that the points of the foam are welded under the effect of temperature to the conductors with which they are in contact.
  • the powder and the paste according to the invention are particularly advantageous for improving the conductance of the electrical connections in which the two conductors are made of aluminum, but also when one of the two conductors is made of copper and the other of aluminum or when both conductors are copper.
  • the powder and the paste which is the subject of the present invention are particularly suitable for currents high intensity, for example an intensity greater than 1000 A.
  • the powder and the paste which are the subject of the invention find application in all fields of electrical engineering which use currents of high intensity.
  • the wear of the electrical connections which are subjected to currents of high intensity and at high temperatures is concretized mainly by a deformation of the contact surfaces of the connections. electric. This results in significant electrical losses of up to several KW per connection and variations in the intensity of the current passing through these contacting surfaces.
  • powder or paste which is the subject of the invention can also be used to improve sliding contacts in heavy industries such as anode contacts used in the electrolysis of aluminum.
  • the powder or the paste object of the present invention follow the contours of the degraded surfaces of the conductors in contact and thus increase the contact surface.

Abstract

An electrical connection powder comprising particles obtained by pulverising a skeleton of open cell metal foam chosen from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and the alloys of same covered with at least one coating of tin or indium or one of the alloys of same. The paste is formed from this powder dispersed in a binder such as grease. The powder or paste is particularly useful for improving the conductivity of an electrical connection consisting of a terminal (20) linked to a cable (24) consisting of a plurality of strands (30, 32, 34) by means of a crimping ring (26).

Description

Poudre et pâte pour améliorer la conductance des connexions électriques  Powder and paste to improve the conductance of electrical connections
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne les techniques d'amélioration de la connexion électrique entre deux conducteurs métalliques, et concerne en particulier une poudre et une pâte pour améliorer la conductance de la connexion électrique entre deux conducteurs métalliques.  The present invention relates to techniques for improving the electrical connection between two metallic conductors, and relates in particular to a powder and a paste for improving the conductance of the electrical connection between two metallic conductors.
Etat de la technique State of the art
Dans tous les domaines où des connexions électriques métalliques sont utilisées, et en particulier dans le domaine de 1 ' électrotechnique de puissance, les connexions électriques dans lesquelles deux métaux sont mis en contact se dégradent au cours du temps. Il en résulte des pertes électriques importantes dues à la résistance électrique de plus en plus importante entre les conducteurs. Ceci induit des variations de la densité du courant à travers les surfaces des conducteurs. Il s'ensuit des pertes électriques par effet Joule et, en conséquence, une augmentation des températures. La dégradation des surfaces se trouvant en contact accélère la dégradation des connexions mais également des conducteurs et peut même entraîner leur fusion. Cette dégradation étant irréversible, il y a donc une perte de rendement préjudiciable pour les appareils comportant de telles connexions électriques.  In all fields where metallic electrical connections are used, and particularly in the field of power electrical engineering, electrical connections in which two metals are brought into contact degrade over time. This results in significant electrical losses due to the increasing electrical resistance between the conductors. This induces variations in the current density across the conductor surfaces. This results in electric losses by Joule effect and, consequently, an increase in temperatures. The degradation of the surfaces in contact accelerates the degradation of the connections but also of the conductors and can even lead to their fusion. This degradation is irreversible, so there is a detrimental performance loss for appliances with such electrical connections.
Il y a aussi une détérioration de la connexion électrique lorsqu'une cosse est utilisée à l'extrémité d'un câble constitué de brins conducteurs. Cette détérioration est due à la dégradation du contact électrique entre la cosse et les brins extérieurs du câble et entre les brins eux-mêmes, ce qui entraîne alors une résistance importante. Comme mentionné précédemment, il s'ensuit un échauffement important de la connexion électrique et, parfois, la fusion de brins du câble . Dans le but d'améliorer la connexion électrique entre deux conducteurs métalliques, le brevet français publié sous le numéro 2.847.391 décrit un dispositif de contact comprenant un élément conducteur intercalaire en mousse d'argent entre les deux surfaces de contact de deux conducteurs d'une connexion électrique. Malheureusement, la mousse d'argent est particulièrement onéreuse. There is also a deterioration of the electrical connection when a terminal is used at the end of a cable consisting of conductive strands. This deterioration is due to the degradation of the electrical contact between the terminal and the outer strands of the cable and between the strands themselves, which then causes significant resistance. As mentioned previously, it follows a significant heating of the electrical connection and, sometimes, the fusion of strands of the cable. In order to improve the electrical connection between two metallic conductors, the French patent published under the number 2.847.391 describes a contact device comprising a silver foil intermediate conductive element between the two mating surfaces of two conductors. an electrical connection. Unfortunately, silver foam is particularly expensive.
Un autre brevet français publié sous le numéro 2.962.856 décrit également un dispositif de contact comprenant un élément conducteur intercalaire constitué d'un squelette de mousse de métal choisi dans le groupe consistant en fer, cobalt, nickel et leurs alliages recouvert d'au moins un revêtement d'étain, d' indium ou un de leurs alliages.  Another French patent published under the number 2.962.856 also describes a contact device comprising an intermediate conductive element consisting of a skeleton of metal foam selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys covered with at least a coating of tin, indium or one of their alloys.
Comme illustré sur la figure 1 de ce brevet, les deux conducteurs 12 et 14, sont séparés par un élément conducteur intercalaire 10 en mousse métallique de façon à ce que leurs surfaces entrent en contact avec la mousse. La connexion électrique entre les conducteurs 12 et 14 est réalisée par contact serré grâce à un moyen de serrage tel qu'un boulon de serrage 16 traversant les deux conducteurs ainsi que l'élément conducteur intercalaire.  As illustrated in FIG. 1 of this patent, the two conductors 12 and 14 are separated by an intermediate conductive element 10 of metal foam so that their surfaces come into contact with the foam. The electrical connection between the conductors 12 and 14 is made by close contact thanks to a clamping means such as a clamping bolt 16 passing through the two conductors as well as the intermediate conductive element.
Comme illustré sur la figure 2 du même brevet, l'élément intercalaire comporte de préférence un joint d'étanchéité périphérique 20 permettant de réduire la pénétration d'agents extérieurs dégradants en créant une barrière étanche à la périphérie du contact.  As illustrated in FIG. 2 of the same patent, the spacer element preferably comprises a peripheral seal 20 making it possible to reduce the penetration of degrading external agents by creating a tight barrier at the periphery of the contact.
A noter que pour des raisons de coût principalement, les conducteurs en cuivre sont remplacés aujourd'hui dans toutes les connexions par des conducteurs en aluminium, métal qui possède une conductivité électrique très proche de celle du cuivre tout en étant beaucoup moins cher. Mais un inconvénient de l'aluminium est la formation d'une couche d'alumine qui, en augmentant la résistance entre les conducteurs, rend la connectivité délicate dans les connexions. Exposé de l'invention Note that for reasons of cost mainly, copper conductors are replaced today in all connections by aluminum conductors, metal which has an electrical conductivity very close to that of copper while being much cheaper. But a disadvantage of aluminum is the formation of a layer of alumina which, by increasing the resistance between the conductors, makes the connectivity tricky in the connections. Presentation of the invention
Le but principal de la présente invention est donc de fournir des moyens de connexion électrique permettant d'améliorer la conductance électrique d'une connexion électrique et de ralentir la dégradation des surfaces en contact, en particulier lorsque la connexion est réalisée au moyen d'un câble comportant une pluralité de brins.  The main object of the present invention is therefore to provide electrical connection means making it possible to improve the electrical conductance of an electrical connection and to slow the degradation of the surfaces in contact, in particular when the connection is made by means of a cable having a plurality of strands.
Un premier objet de l'invention est une poudre de connexion électrique constituée de particules de mousse à cellules ouvertes de métal choisi dans le groupe consistant en fer, cobalt, nickel et leurs alliages recouvert d'au moins un revêtement d'étain, d' indium ou un de leurs alliages.  A first object of the invention is an electrical connection powder consisting of metal open cell foam particles selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys coated with at least one tin coating, indium or one of their alloys.
Un deuxième objet de l'invention est une pâte de connexion électrique comprenant la poudre ci-dessus et un liant dans lequel la poudre est dispersée.  A second object of the invention is an electrical connection paste comprising the above powder and a binder in which the powder is dispersed.
Description brève des figures Brief description of the figures
D'autres buts, objets et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit faite en référence aux dessins dans lesquels :  Other objects, objects and features of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description given with reference to the drawings in which:
la figure 1 représente une coupe d'un mode de réalisation d'une connexion électrique décrite dans le brevet français publié sous le numéro 2.962.856;  Figure 1 shows a section of an embodiment of an electrical connection described in the French patent published under number 2.962.856;
la figure 2 représente un élément conducteur intercalaire décrit dans le brevet français publié sous le numéro 2.962.856; et  FIG. 2 represents an intermediate conductive element described in the French patent published under the number 2.962.856; and
la figure 3 représente l'extrémité d'un câble de connexion électrique avec une vue éclatée d'une portion de la bague de sertissage.  Figure 3 shows the end of an electrical connection cable with an exploded view of a portion of the crimping ring.
Description détaillée de l'invention Detailed description of the invention
Une connexion électrique selon les principes de l'invention peut être réalisée comme celle illustrée sur la figure 1. Comme dans le brevet français publié sous le numéro 2.962.856, la connexion peut comprendre un élément intercalaire conducteur 10 entre deux conducteurs 12 et 14, mais cet élément intercalaire est constitué de la poudre ou la pâte qui sont les objets de l'invention. An electrical connection according to the principles of the invention can be made as illustrated in FIG. 1. As in the French patent published under number 2 962 856, the connection may comprise a conductive spacer element 10 between two conductors 12 and 14, but this intermediate element consists of the powder or paste which are the objects of the invention.
La connexion électrique entre les conducteurs 12 et 14 est réalisée par contact serré grâce à un moyen de serrage tel qu'un boulon de serrage 16 traversant les deux conducteurs ainsi que la couche conductrice intercalaire 10.  The electrical connection between the conductors 12 and 14 is made by close contact thanks to a clamping means such as a clamping bolt 16 passing through the two conductors as well as the intermediate conductive layer 10.
A noter que, lors du serrage des deux conducteurs entre eux, l'élément intercalaire est comprimé et son épaisseur diminue en partie du fait que des grains de poudre ou le liant de la pâte dans lequel est dispersée la poudre sont éjectés à la périphérie de l'élément intercalaire. Par conséquent, contrairement à la réalisation décrite dans le brevet publié sous le numéro 2.962.856, il est inutile de prévoir un joint d' étanchéité entourant l'élément intercalaire.  It should be noted that, when the two conductors are clamped together, the intermediate element is compressed and its thickness decreases in part because grains of powder or the binder of the paste in which the powder is dispersed are ejected at the periphery of the the intermediate element. Therefore, contrary to the embodiment described in the patent published under number 2.962.856, it is unnecessary to provide a seal around the spacer element.
Il est préférable qu'un au moins des conducteurs soit en aluminium. Cependant, la présente invention ne se limite pas à ce cas et s'applique à tous les conducteurs, par exemple en cuivre .  It is preferable that at least one of the conductors is aluminum. However, the present invention is not limited to this case and applies to all conductors, for example copper.
La mousse métallique est une mousse à cellules ouvertes de type alvéolaire composée d'un squelette de mousse de métal choisi parmi le groupe consistant en fer, cobalt, nickel et leurs alliages recouvert, par exemple directement, d'au moins un revêtement métallique tel qu'un revêtement en étain, indium ou un de leurs alliages.  The metal foam is a foam-type open-cell foam composed of a metal foam skeleton selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys coated, for example directly, with at least one metal coating such as a coating of tin, indium or one of their alloys.
L'obtention du squelette de mousse peut se faire par plusieurs méthodes qui ont été décrites dans le brevet français publié sous le numéro 2.962.856.  Obtaining the skeleton of foam can be done by several methods which have been described in the French patent published under No. 2 962 856.
La structure de la mousse est alvéolaire et sa propriété physique est principalement une porosité et une déformabilité élevées, ce qui a pour effet de réduire la résistance électrique de la connexion, ainsi qu'une faible densité de l'ordre de 400 g/m.  The structure of the foam is cellular and its physical property is mainly a high porosity and deformability, which has the effect of reducing the electrical resistance of the connection, and a low density of the order of 400 g / m.
Une caractéristique de l'invention est que le squelette de mousse métallique est recouvert, par exemple directement, d'un revêtement d'un autre métal, par électrolyse ou tout autre procédé (projection, immersion dans un bain...) de telle sorte que toute la surface alvéolaire est revêtue de cet autre métal. Contrairement au métal constituant le squelette, le métal de revêtement est de préférence un métal ductile tel que l'étain, l'indium ou un de leurs alliages, afin d'augmenter la surface de contact de chaque pointe du métal constituant le squelette, de pénétrer dans les stries de la surface du conducteur et d'améliorer la compatibilité électrochimique entre le squelette de mousse et le métal du conducteur. A feature of the invention is that the metal foam skeleton is coated, for example directly, with a coating of another metal, by electrolysis or any other another method (projection, immersion in a bath ...) so that the entire alveolar surface is coated with this other metal. Unlike the metal constituting the skeleton, the coating metal is preferably a ductile metal such as tin, indium or one of their alloys, in order to increase the contact area of each point of the metal constituting the skeleton, of penetrate the streaks of the conductor surface and improve the electrochemical compatibility between the skeleton of foam and the metal of the driver.
On note que le premier revêtement peut être également recouvert d'un autre revêtement d'un métal différent de celui du premier revêtement, et ainsi de suite. Par exemple, si le premier revêtement est en étain, le deuxième revêtement peut être en indium. La mousse métallique est ensuite réduite en poudre par tout moyen approprié.  It will be noted that the first coating may also be covered with another coating of a metal different from that of the first coating, and so on. For example, if the first coating is tin, the second coating may be indium. The metal foam is then reduced to powder by any suitable means.
A noter que les grains ainsi obtenus ont de préférence un diamètre d'environ compris entre 0,5 mm et 5 mm, et de préférence entre un et deux millimètres, par exemple 1,6 mm.  It should be noted that the grains thus obtained preferably have a diameter of approximately between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, and preferably between one and two millimeters, for example 1.6 mm.
La mousse métallique est ensuite réduite en poudre dont les particules ont une dimension comprise entre 1 et 2mm par tout moyen approprié permettant de conserver la structure alvéolaire. A noter que l'obtention de la poudre est faite par découpe de la mousse, de préférence une découpe au laser, ce qui n'altère pas la structure alvéolaire de la mousse et permet de conserver toutes les caractéristiques électriques et mécaniques de la mousse. En outre, la découpe au laser permet de créer des arêtes vives sur les petits fragments de mousse qui, ainsi, pénétreront plus facilement dans les conducteurs en contact.  The metal foam is then reduced to powder, the particles of which have a size of between 1 and 2 mm by any appropriate means making it possible to preserve the honeycomb structure. Note that obtaining the powder is made by cutting the foam, preferably a laser cut, which does not alter the foam structure of the foam and keeps all the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the foam. In addition, laser cutting makes it possible to create sharp edges on the small pieces of foam which will thus penetrate more easily into the conductors in contact.
La poudre obtenue est constituée en majeure partie de vide du fait de sa structure alvéolaire. De ce fait, la surface des particules de la poudre comporte une multitude de pointes de contact de l'ordre du micron dont le nombre atteint 30 pointes par mm2. Grâce à ces pointes, l'élément intercalaire 10 possédant de nombreux contacts, présente une grande conductivité et donc une résistance faible. The powder obtained consists mainly of vacuum because of its honeycomb structure. As a result, the surface of the particles of the powder comprises a multitude of micron contact points whose number reaches 30 points per mm 2 . Thanks to these points, the element interlayer 10 having many contacts, has a high conductivity and therefore a low resistance.
Selon un deuxième aspect de l'invention, la poudre est dispersée dans un liant de manière à former une pâte qui, comme la poudre, permet d'améliorer la conductance électrique d'une connexion électrique. Ce liant, qui peut être de la graisse ou de la vaseline, remplit complètement les alvéoles des particules de mousse, ce qui empêche la pénétration de polluants ou d'agents susceptibles d'oxyder ou de dégrader les surfaces.  According to a second aspect of the invention, the powder is dispersed in a binder so as to form a paste which, like the powder, makes it possible to improve the electrical conductance of an electrical connection. This binder, which may be grease or petroleum jelly, completely fills the cells with the foam particles, which prevents the penetration of pollutants or agents that can oxidize or degrade the surfaces.
En outre, cette graisse peut incorporer des produits d' anti-oxydation et des particules métalliques de quelques microns augmentant sa durée de vie. Les particules peuvent être des particules d'argent, d'or ou tout autre métal bon conducteur de l'électricité. Selon une variante, la poudre de mousse peut aussi être imprégnée, ou chargée, d'un composant, destiné à réduire la formation d'une couche à résistivité élevée à la surface des conducteurs, telle que de l'alumine sur un conducteur d'aluminium, et/ou à décaper la surface des conducteurs.  In addition, this grease can incorporate anti-oxidation products and metal particles of a few microns increasing its life. Particles can be particles of silver, gold or any other metal that is a good conductor of electricity. Alternatively, the foam powder may also be impregnated or charged with a component to reduce the formation of a high resistivity layer on the surface of the conductors, such as alumina on a conductor. aluminum, and / or etching the surface of the conductors.
La poudre et la pâte objets de l'invention peuvent être utilisées pour une connexion électrique ancienne ou pour une connexion électrique neuve.  The powder and the dough which are the subject of the invention can be used for an old electrical connection or for a new electrical connection.
Dans une connexion électrique neuve, le contact est d'autant plus important qu'il se situe à proximité du moyen de serrage ou boulon de serrage 16. Par conséquent, la résistance, et donc les pertes électriques de la connexion électrique constituée des conducteurs 12 et 14 en contact, est minimale près du moyen de serrage 16 et augmente plus on s'en éloigne. Cette répartition inhomogène du courant favorise une zone de concentration de courant plus élevé et donc une zone davantage sollicitée et donc dégradée plus rapidement. L'apport des particules conductrices de poudre ou de la pâte de la couche 10 augmente les points de contacts entre les deux conducteurs 12 et 14 et permet donc une répartition homogène du courant sur toute la surface de contact. Grâce à cette répartition homogène, il n'existe pas de zones de concentration de courant donc pas de zone davantage sollicitée et propice à une dégradation plus rapide . In a new electrical connection, the contact is even more important that it is located near the clamping means or bolt 16. Therefore, the resistance, and therefore the electrical losses of the electrical connection consisting of the conductors 12 and 14 in contact, is minimal near the clamping means 16 and increases more away from it. This inhomogeneous distribution of the current favors a zone of higher current concentration and therefore an area more stressed and therefore degraded more quickly. The addition of the conductive powder particles or the paste of the layer 10 increases the contact points between the two conductors 12 and 14 and thus allows a homogeneous distribution of the current over the entire surface of the contact. Thanks to this homogeneous distribution, there are no areas of concentration of current and therefore no zone more solicited and conducive to a more rapid degradation.
La poudre et la pâte objets de l'invention peuvent également être avantageusement utilisées pour un contact d'une connexion électrique dégradée ou déformée. Cette dégradation est due à l'oxygène de l'air qui provoque la formation d'une couche d'oxyde. Ainsi, dans le cas des conducteurs en aluminium, cet oxyde, qui est de l'alumine, augmente la résistance de la connexion.  The powder and the dough which are the subject of the invention can also be advantageously used for a contact of a degraded or deformed electrical connection. This degradation is due to the oxygen in the air which causes the formation of an oxide layer. Thus, in the case of aluminum conductors, this oxide, which is alumina, increases the resistance of the connection.
Dans l'élément intercalaire 10, les pointes situées à la surface des particules de la poudre percent également la couche d'oxyde tel que l'alumine qui se forment en permanence à la surface des conducteurs 12 et 14, ce qui permet d'améliorer la conductance électrique d'une connexion usagée, et cela même sans la nettoyer au préalable.  In the intermediate element 10, the tips located on the surface of the particles of the powder also pierce the oxide layer such as alumina which is formed permanently on the surface of the conductors 12 and 14, which makes it possible to improve the electrical conductance of a used connection, even without cleaning it first.
L'avantage d'utiliser la pâte décrite ci-dessus est primordial lorsque la connexion électrique est réalisée par un câble. En effet, un câble électrique étant composé d'une pluralité de brins conducteurs, son extrémité reliée à une cosse présente une résistance de plus en plus importante au cours du temps du fait les brins ne sont pas suffisamment reliés électriquement entre eux. Cette résistance est due, d'une part au contact dégradé des brins extérieurs du câble avec la bague de sertissage qui relie le câble à la cosse, et d' autre part au contact dégradé entre les brins extérieurs et les brins intérieurs du câble.  The advantage of using the paste described above is essential when the electrical connection is made by a cable. Indeed, an electric cable being composed of a plurality of conductive strands, its end connected to a terminal has a resistance increasingly important over time because the strands are not sufficiently electrically connected to each other. This resistance is due firstly to the degraded contact of the outer strands of the cable with the crimping ring which connects the cable to the lug, and secondly to the degraded contact between the outer strands and the inner strands of the cable.
A noter qu'un autre avantage de la pâte selon l'invention est de procurer un revêtement des brins qui empêche leur oxydation.  It should be noted that another advantage of the paste according to the invention is to provide a coating of the strands which prevents their oxidation.
La figure 3 représente une connexion électrique utilisant un câble. L'extrémité est formée d'une cosse 20 qui est généralement plate et comporte un trou 22 utilisé pour le serrage de la cosse sur un autre conducteur plat. L'amélioration du contact entre la cosse et l'autre conducteur est réalisée de la façon décrite ci-dessus par une couche intercalaire de poudre ou de pâte objets de l'invention. Figure 3 shows an electrical connection using a cable. The end is formed of a lug 20 which is generally flat and has a hole 22 used for clamping the lug on another flat conductor. Improved contact between the pod and the other Conductor is made in the manner described above by an intermediate layer of powder or pulp objects of the invention.
La cosse 20 est reliée au câble 24 par une bague de sertissage 26 sur laquelle est exercée une forte pression lors du montage pour réaliser un bon contact électrique entre la cosse 20 et la câble 24.  The lug 20 is connected to the cable 24 by a crimping ring 26 on which is exerted a high pressure during assembly to achieve good electrical contact between the lug 20 and the cable 24.
Avant sertissage du câble 24 par la bague 26, on trempe le câble dans la poudre objet de la présente invention ou on enduit les brins du câble avec de la pâte objet de la présente invention, par exemple par pulvérisation, de manière à ce que la pâte rentre dans les interstices entre les brins du câble, par exemple l'interstice 36. Lorsque il y a sertissage du câble 24 par la bague 26, la poudre ou la pâte pénètre plus profondément dans les interstices grâce à la pression exercée  Before crimping the cable 24 by the ring 26, the cable is immersed in the powder which is the subject of the present invention or the strands of the cable are coated with the dough which is the subject of the present invention, for example by spraying, so that the dough enters the interstices between the strands of the cable, for example the gap 36. When there is crimping of the cable 24 by the ring 26, the powder or paste penetrates deeper into the interstices thanks to the pressure exerted
La poudre et la pâte objets de la présente invention sont d'autant plus avantageuses que leur efficacité augmente avec la température. En effet, la chute de potentiel d'une connexion de 1 dm2 utilisant la poudre ou la pâte selon l'invention provenant d'une mousse de nickel recouverte d' étain est de l'ordre de quelques mV pour un courant d'une intensité de 5000 A et à la température de 80°C. Cette particularité est due au fait que les pointes de la mousse se soudent sous l'effet de la température aux conducteurs avec lesquels elles sont en contact. The powder and the dough which are the subject of the present invention are all the more advantageous as their effectiveness increases with temperature. Indeed, the potential drop of a connection of 1 dm 2 using the powder or the paste according to the invention from a nickel foam covered with tin is of the order of a few mV for a current of one intensity of 5000 A and at a temperature of 80 ° C. This feature is due to the fact that the points of the foam are welded under the effect of temperature to the conductors with which they are in contact.
Comme déjà mentionné, la poudre et la pâte selon l'invention sont particulièrement avantageuses pour améliorer la conductance des connexions électriques dans lesquelles les deux conducteurs sont en aluminium, mais également lorsqu'un des deux conducteurs est en cuivre et l'autre en aluminium ou lorsque les deux conducteurs sont en cuivre.  As already mentioned, the powder and the paste according to the invention are particularly advantageous for improving the conductance of the electrical connections in which the two conductors are made of aluminum, but also when one of the two conductors is made of copper and the other of aluminum or when both conductors are copper.
Enfin, grâce à la diminution des pertes électriques qu'elles induisent, la poudre et la pâte objet de la présente invention,, sont particulièrement adaptées pour des courants de haute intensité, par exemple une intensité supérieure à 1000 A. Finally, by reducing the electrical losses that they induce, the powder and the paste which is the subject of the present invention are particularly suitable for currents high intensity, for example an intensity greater than 1000 A.
On note que l'utilisation de particules de mousse déformable de manière élastique présente aussi l'avantage de réduire l'impact d'un desserrage des moyens de serrage puisque, dans ce cas, les particules de mousse de détendent et continuent à épouser les surfaces de contact, au prix d'une pression plus faible sur ces surfaces de contact.  It is noted that the use of elastically deformable foam particles also has the advantage of reducing the impact of loosening of the clamping means since, in this case, the foam particles relax and continue to conform to the surfaces. of contact, at the price of a lower pressure on these contact surfaces.
La poudre et la pâte qui font l'objet de l'invention trouvent application dans tous les domaines de l' électrotechnique qui font appel à des courants de forte intensité. Ainsi, dans le domaine des cuves d ' électrolyse et des fours d'aciérie, l'usure des connexions électriques qui sont soumises à des courants de haute intensité et à des températures élevées, se concrétise principalement par une déformation des surfaces de contact des connexions électriques. Il en résulte des pertes électriques importantes pouvant atteindre plusieurs KW par connexion et des variations de l'intensité du courant passant à travers ces surfaces en contact.  The powder and the paste which are the subject of the invention find application in all fields of electrical engineering which use currents of high intensity. Thus, in the field of electrolysis cells and steelmaking furnaces, the wear of the electrical connections which are subjected to currents of high intensity and at high temperatures, is concretized mainly by a deformation of the contact surfaces of the connections. electric. This results in significant electrical losses of up to several KW per connection and variations in the intensity of the current passing through these contacting surfaces.
A noter que la poudre ou la pâte objets de l'invention peuvent aussi être utilisées pour améliorer les contacts glissants dans les industries lourdes comme les contacts d'anodes utilisées dans l' électrolyse de l'aluminium.  It should be noted that the powder or paste which is the subject of the invention can also be used to improve sliding contacts in heavy industries such as anode contacts used in the electrolysis of aluminum.
Grâce à l'invention qui vient d'être décrite, on obtient une amélioration importante des connexions électriques présentant des surfaces de contact dégradées et déformées, même lorsqu'il s'agit de déformations de l'ordre du millimètre. En effet, la poudre ou la pâte objets de la présente invention épousent les contours des surfaces dégradées des conducteurs en contact et ainsi augmentent la surface de contact.  Thanks to the invention just described, we obtain a significant improvement in electrical connections with deformed and deformed contact surfaces, even when dealing with deformations of the order of a millimeter. Indeed, the powder or the paste object of the present invention follow the contours of the degraded surfaces of the conductors in contact and thus increase the contact surface.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Poudre de connexion électrique constituée de particules de mousse alvéolaire à cellules ouvertes, ladite mousse étant constituée d'un squelette de mousse en métal choisi dans le groupe consistant en fer, cobalt, nickel et leurs alliages recouvert d'au moins un revêtement d'étain, d' indium ou un de leurs alliages. An electrical connection powder consisting of open-cell foam particles, said foam consisting of a metal foam skeleton selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys coated with at least one coating of tin, indium or one of their alloys.
2. Poudre selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite mousse comprend un squelette de mousse de nickel.  The powder of claim 1, wherein said foam comprises a nickel foam skeleton.
3. Poudre selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle ledit squelette de mousse de nickel est recouvert d' un revêtement d' étain .  The powder of claim 2, wherein said nickel foam skeleton is coated with a tin coating.
4. Pâte de connexion électrique comprenant la poudre selon l'une des revendications 1, 2 ou 3 et un liant dans lequel ladite poudre est dispersée.  4. Electrical connecting paste comprising the powder according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3 and a binder in which said powder is dispersed.
5. Pâte selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle ledit liant contient de la graisse.  5. Paste according to claim 4, wherein said binder contains grease.
6. Pâte selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans laquelle ledit liant comprend des produits d' anti-oxydation et des particules métalliques de quelques microns augmentant sa durée de vie.  6. Paste according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said binder comprises anti-oxidation products and metal particles of a few microns increasing its life.
7. Pâte selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle Lesdites particules métalliques peuvent être des particules d'argent, d'or ou d'un métal bon conducteur de l'électricité.  The paste of claim 6, wherein said metal particles may be particles of silver, gold or a metal that is a good conductor of electricity.
8. Procédé de fabrication d'une poudre selon l'une des revendications 1, 2 ou 3 comprenant les étapes consistant à élaborer un squelette de mousse à structure alvéolaire puis à le découper en particules de dimension comprise entre 0,5 et 5mm par un moyen conservant la structure alvéolaire de la mousse.  8. A method of manufacturing a powder according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3 comprising the steps of developing a skeleton of honeycomb structure foam and then cutting into particles of size between 0.5 and 5mm by a medium retaining the honeycomb structure of the foam.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel lesdites particules ont une dimension comprise entre 1 et 2mm.  9. The method of claim 8, wherein said particles have a size between 1 and 2mm.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel ledit moyen pour découper la mousse est un dispositif laser.  The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein said means for cutting the foam is a laser device.
EP13780184.1A 2012-10-03 2013-10-02 Powder and paste for improving the conductivity of electrical connections Active EP2904615B1 (en)

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FR1202631A FR2996348B1 (en) 2012-10-03 2012-10-03 POWDER AND PASTE FOR IMPROVING THE CONDUCTANCE OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
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CA2886818A1 (en) 2014-04-10
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KR102103964B1 (en) 2020-04-23
FR2996348A1 (en) 2014-04-04
JP6251274B2 (en) 2017-12-20
AU2013326368A1 (en) 2015-05-07
JP2015537115A (en) 2015-12-24
US9748014B2 (en) 2017-08-29
CN104903972A (en) 2015-09-09
HK1214885A1 (en) 2016-08-05
FR2996348B1 (en) 2015-05-15
US20150262723A1 (en) 2015-09-17
EP2904615B1 (en) 2019-05-08
CA2886818C (en) 2021-02-16

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