EP2901525A1 - Omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna - Google Patents

Omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna

Info

Publication number
EP2901525A1
EP2901525A1 EP12791858.9A EP12791858A EP2901525A1 EP 2901525 A1 EP2901525 A1 EP 2901525A1 EP 12791858 A EP12791858 A EP 12791858A EP 2901525 A1 EP2901525 A1 EP 2901525A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
circularly polarized
antenna
top plate
bottom body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12791858.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Can Baris TOP
Doganay DOGAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS
Original Assignee
Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS filed Critical Aselsan Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret AS
Publication of EP2901525A1 publication Critical patent/EP2901525A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/04—Biconical horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/12—Longitudinally slotted cylinder antennas; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/0062—Slotted waveguides the slots being disposed around the feeding waveguide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage

Definitions

  • This invention is related to omnidirectional slotted waveguide antennas that can receive and transmit electromagnetic waves with circular polarization.
  • omnidirectional antennas that radiate or receive circularly polarized eletromagnetic waves: The use of parasitic elements around linearly polarized dipoles, use of polarizers around linearly polarized antennas, slot pairs that are cut around circular waveguides.
  • the dipoles are generally fed by coaxial lines which are lossy especially at high frequencies (>10 GHz).
  • the polarizers are also lossy materials which decrease the efficiency of the antenna.
  • the low-loss alternative is to use waveguide type antennas. Slot pairs that are cut around the circular waveguides can radiate circular polarizations. These slots must radiate with an equal amplitude but 90 degrees phase difference.
  • the omnidirectional characteristic can be obtained by creating a circular array of slot pairs around the circular waveguide.
  • the position, length, and angle of the slots in a pair are mechanical parameters which directly affects the performance of the antenna, and the machining tolerances become an issue especially at high frequencies (>10 GHz). In addition, careful electromagnetic optimization of these parameters is necessary.
  • an omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna which is used for battlefield identification, is enclosed.
  • the antenna has four inclined slots around a coaxial line with rectangular cross- section.
  • the slots are radiating into a parallel plate section.
  • the wavelengths of the vertical and the horizontal components of the electromagnetic wave is different in the parallel plate region.
  • the circular polarization is achieved by adjusting the length of the parallel plate region, to have a 90 degrees phase difference between the vertical and horizontal components at the aperture.
  • slots are cut on a coaxial line and the fed from that coaxial line. Thus, the efficiency of this antenna is relatively low.
  • the aim of this invention is to realize an omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna which exhibits low-loss, high efficiency, and provide a means of beam control in elevation plane.
  • Another aim of this invention is to realize an omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna which is relatively simple to design and manufacture.
  • Figure 1 The perspective view of the antenna.
  • Figure 2 The side view of the antenna.
  • Figure 5 The elevation pattern of the antenna.
  • Sekil 8 A realization of the antenna with flared parallel plates.
  • Sekil 9 The parameters used for calculation of the phase of the horizontally polarized component at the aperture.
  • the parts in the figures are numbered as follows:
  • the antenna which is the subject of this invention (1) basically comprises of:
  • At least one short circuited (41) circular waveguide (4) which goes through the bottom body (3) and top plate (2) ,
  • At least one standard rectangular waveguide (6) At least one transition waveguide (7) that matches the circular waveguide (4) and standard rectangular waveguide (6).
  • the antenna subject to this invention (2) is fed by a standard rectangular waveguide (6).
  • the standard waveguide (6) is excited, the electromagnetic wave directed to the circular waveguide(4) via the transition waveguide section (7).
  • the excited mode inside the circular waveguide (4) is TMoi.
  • the identical slots (5) - in terms of inclination angle and length- cut around the circular waveguide are excited with equal amplitude and phase.
  • Circular waveguide (4) is terminated with short circuit (41) inside the top plate (2).
  • the distance between the slot (5) centers and short circuit (41) is quarter guided- wavelength of the TM 01 mode inside the circular waveguide (4).
  • the slots (5) are positioned at the voltage maximum of the circular waveguide (4) TMoi mode.
  • the length of the slots (5) are in resonance at the center frequency of the operation band of the antenna (1) , to maximize the radiated power from the slots (nearly half free space wavelength at the center frequency).
  • the slots (5) cut on the circular waveguide (4) are inclined.
  • the inclination angle ( ⁇ ) should be chosen so that the desired polarization specifications are achieved. In one preffered embodiment, the inclination angle ( ⁇ ) is between 30° and 55°.
  • the polarization sense may be changed by changing the direction of the slots with the same inclination angle (Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) to Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) or vice versa ).
  • the horizontal polarized component of the electric field radiated by the slots (5) propagate with TEj mode in the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and the bottom body.
  • the wavelength of the horizontal polarized component is given by :
  • the top plate (2) has a flared region (22). In that region the wavelength of the horizontally polarized component changes. This is caused by the gradual increase of the distance between the top plate (2) and the bottom body (3). If there is no flared region, the change in phase of the horizontally polarized component from slot to the aperture is given by:
  • dl the width of the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and bottom body (3), at the constant parallel plate width region.
  • d(x) The width of the parallel plate region as function of length, at the flare section.
  • RHCP LHCP
  • the vertically polarized component should lead (lag) the horizontally polarized component by 90 degrees.
  • the amplitudes of both components must be equal at the aperture.
  • the radiation pattern of the antenna can be calculated using the antenna array factor, which is a function of antenna element (slot) number, and radius of the circular array Array factor is given by (in cylinderical coordinates ):
  • elevation angle, azimuth angle, the coordinate angle of n'th slot.
  • the radiation pattern of the antenna in one embodiment, for which the number of slots (5) is selected in conjunction with the radius of the circular waveguide (4) for minimum ripple in azimuth plane, and the length of the parallel plate region is chosen to radiate circular polarization is given in figures.
  • the flared section (22) is used to squint the beam in elevation plane ( Figure 5).
  • the flare can be used in one or both of the top plate (2) and bottom body (3) sections ( Figure 8).
  • the omnidirectional circularly polarized wavuide antenna (1) which is the subject of this invention, is entirely constructed with waveguides and does not contain any coaxial lines. Therefore, the loss is smaller and the efficiency is higher than the state of the art antennas which have the same radiation properties.
  • the circular polarization is not obtained by slot pairs. Therefore, the mechanical errors in manufacturing are much tolerable.
  • the a means of beam control in elevation plane is provided.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention is related to omnidirectional slotted waveguide antennas which is used for receiving and transmitting circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. The antenna consists of a cylindrically shaped top plate, a cylindrically shaped bottom body, a short circuited circular waveguide that runs through the top plate and the bottom body, a plural number of inclined slots that are cut on the circular waveguide which radiate into the parallel plate region formed by the top plate and the bottom body, a rectangular waveguide interface and a transition waveguide that provides matching between rectangular waveguide and circular waveguide.

Description

DESCRIPTION
OMNIDIRECTIONAL CIRCULARLY POLARIZED WAVEGUIDE
ANTENNA Field Of The Invention
This invention is related to omnidirectional slotted waveguide antennas that can receive and transmit electromagnetic waves with circular polarization.
State Of The Art
There are various realizations for omnidirectional antennas that radiate or receive circularly polarized eletromagnetic waves: The use of parasitic elements around linearly polarized dipoles, use of polarizers around linearly polarized antennas, slot pairs that are cut around circular waveguides.
The dipoles are generally fed by coaxial lines which are lossy especially at high frequencies (>10 GHz). The polarizers are also lossy materials which decrease the efficiency of the antenna. The low-loss alternative is to use waveguide type antennas. Slot pairs that are cut around the circular waveguides can radiate circular polarizations. These slots must radiate with an equal amplitude but 90 degrees phase difference. The omnidirectional characteristic can be obtained by creating a circular array of slot pairs around the circular waveguide. The position, length, and angle of the slots in a pair are mechanical parameters which directly affects the performance of the antenna, and the machining tolerances become an issue especially at high frequencies (>10 GHz). In addition, careful electromagnetic optimization of these parameters is necessary.
In United States patent document US201 1215979, an omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, which is used for battlefield identification, is enclosed. The antenna has four inclined slots around a coaxial line with rectangular cross- section. The slots are radiating into a parallel plate section. The wavelengths of the vertical and the horizontal components of the electromagnetic wave is different in the parallel plate region. The circular polarization is achieved by adjusting the length of the parallel plate region, to have a 90 degrees phase difference between the vertical and horizontal components at the aperture. In this document, slots are cut on a coaxial line and the fed from that coaxial line. Thus, the efficiency of this antenna is relatively low.
Aims For The Development Of The Invention
The aim of this invention is to realize an omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna which exhibits low-loss, high efficiency, and provide a means of beam control in elevation plane.
Another aim of this invention is to realize an omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna which is relatively simple to design and manufacture.
Summary Of The Invention
The realization of omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna, to accomplish the aims of the invention is shown in the figures:
Figure 1. The perspective view of the antenna.
Figure 2. The side view of the antenna.
Figure 3. The side cut- view of the antenna.
Figure 4. The slots that are cut on the circular waveguide.
Figure 5. The elevation pattern of the antenna.
Figure 6. The azimuth pattern of the antenna.
Sekil 7. Reflection coefficient (S 11 parameter) of the antenna.
Sekil 8. A realization of the antenna with flared parallel plates.
Sekil 9. The parameters used for calculation of the phase of the horizontally polarized component at the aperture. The parts in the figures are numbered as follows:
1. Antenna
2. Top plate
21. Straight section
22. Inclined section
3. Bottom section
4. Circular waveguide
41. Short Circuit
5. Slot
6. Rectangular waveguide
7. Transition waveguide
A. Co-polarization
B. Cross polarization >
Θ. Inclination angle of the slots
Sll. Reflection coefficient (dB)
F. Frequency
The antenna which is the subject of this invention (1) basically comprises of:
- At least one cylindrical top plate (2) with straight section (21),
- At least one cylindrical bottom body (3),
- At least one short circuited (41) circular waveguide (4) which goes through the bottom body (3) and top plate (2) ,
- Plural number of inclined slots (5) cut on the circular waveguide (4), which radiate inside the region formed by the top plate (2) and bottom body (3),
- At least one standard rectangular waveguide (6), At least one transition waveguide (7) that matches the circular waveguide (4) and standard rectangular waveguide (6).
The antenna subject to this invention (2) is fed by a standard rectangular waveguide (6). When the standard waveguide (6) is excited, the electromagnetic wave directed to the circular waveguide(4) via the transition waveguide section (7).
In preffered embodiment of the invention, the excited mode inside the circular waveguide (4) is TMoi. By this way, the identical slots (5) - in terms of inclination angle and length- cut around the circular waveguide are excited with equal amplitude and phase.
Circular waveguide (4) is terminated with short circuit (41) inside the top plate (2). In the preffered embodiment, the distance between the slot (5) centers and short circuit (41) is quarter guided- wavelength of the TM01 mode inside the circular waveguide (4). By this way, the slots (5) are positioned at the voltage maximum of the circular waveguide (4) TMoi mode. In the preffered embodiment, the length of the slots (5) are in resonance at the center frequency of the operation band of the antenna (1) , to maximize the radiated power from the slots (nearly half free space wavelength at the center frequency).
The slots (5) cut on the circular waveguide (4) are inclined. By this way, the radiated electromagnetic wave has both vertical and horizontal polarized components. The inclination angle (Θ) should be chosen so that the desired polarization specifications are achieved. In one preffered embodiment, the inclination angle (Θ) is between 30° and 55°. The polarization sense may be changed by changing the direction of the slots with the same inclination angle (Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) to Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) or vice versa ). The horizontal polarized component of the electric field radiated by the slots (5) propagate with TEj mode in the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and the bottom body. The wavelength of the horizontal polarized component is given by :
where; d: width of the parallel plate (m), ω: angular frequency (radian/s), μο : magnetic permeability of the free-space, εο : free space dielectric constant. The vertically polarized component propagates in TEM mode with free-space wavelength, which can be calculated as follows: c ¾ J,
y (speed of light) f= frequency of operation
In one preffered embodiment, the top plate (2) has a flared region (22). In that region the wavelength of the horizontally polarized component changes. This is caused by the gradual increase of the distance between the top plate (2) and the bottom body (3). If there is no flared region, the change in phase of the horizontally polarized component from slot to the aperture is given by:
2πα
P* =
h radians
where, a : the length of the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and the bottom body (3). If there is a flare in the parallel plate region, the change in phase of the horizontally polarized component from slot to the aperture is given by:
Where; dl: the width of the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and bottom body (3), at the constant parallel plate width region.
al: The length of the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and bottom body (3), for which the parallel plate width is constant,
a2: The total length of the parallel plate region from slot to the aperture
d(x): The width of the parallel plate region as function of length, at the flare section.
The change in phase of the vertically polarized component from slot to the aperture is given by:
2π
P
λν radyan
where;
& : the length of the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and the bottom body (3). In order to obtain circularly polarized radiation, the relation between the phases of the vertically and horizontally polarized components is given by: , where n is a positive integer.
If RHCP (LHCP) is desired, the vertically polarized component should lead (lag) the horizontally polarized component by 90 degrees. The amplitudes of both components must be equal at the aperture.
If the slots are modelled as point source, the radiation pattern of the antenna can be calculated using the antenna array factor, which is a function of antenna element (slot) number, and radius of the circular array Array factor is given by (in cylinderical coordinates ):
where; r: the radius of the circular waveguide, k: wave number, N: number of slots, &
elevation angle, azimuth angle, : the coordinate angle of n'th slot.
The radiation pattern of the antenna in one embodiment, for which the number of slots (5) is selected in conjunction with the radius of the circular waveguide (4) for minimum ripple in azimuth plane, and the length of the parallel plate region is chosen to radiate circular polarization is given in figures. In one preffered embodiment, the flared section (22) is used to squint the beam in elevation plane (Figure 5). The flare can be used in one or both of the top plate (2) and bottom body (3) sections (Figure 8).
The omnidirectional circularly polarized wavuide antenna (1), which is the subject of this invention, is entirely constructed with waveguides and does not contain any coaxial lines. Therefore, the loss is smaller and the efficiency is higher than the state of the art antennas which have the same radiation properties. The circular polarization is not obtained by slot pairs. Therefore, the mechanical errors in manufacturing are much tolerable. In addition, the a means of beam control in elevation plane is provided.
Within the framework of these basic concepts, it is possible to develop a wide variety of embodiments of the inventive omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1). The invention cannot be limited to the examples described herein and it is essentially as defined in the claims.

Claims

1. In most basic form, an omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna which is characterized by,
- At least one cylindrically shaped top plate (2),
- At least one cylindrically shaped bottom body (3),
- At least one short circuited (41) circular waveguide (4) that runs through the bottom body (3) and top plate (2)
- Plural number of inclined slots (5) cut on the circular waveguide (4), radiating between the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and the bottom body (3),
- At least one rectangular waveguide (6) at the interface of the antenna,
- At least one transition waveguide (7) between rectangular waveguide (6) and the circular waveguide (4).
2. An omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1) as in Claim 1, characterized by a circular waveguide (4), for which TM01 mode is propagating inside.
3. An omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1) as in Claim 1, characterized by a circular waveguide (4) terminated with short circuit (41) in the top plate (2).
4. An omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1) as in Claim 1, characterized by slots cut on the circular waveguide (5), having a distance of nearly quarter guided wavelength to the short circuit (41).
5. An omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1) as in Claim 1, characterized by slots cut on the circular waveguide (5), having a length of nearly half free-space wavelength at the operating frequency.
6. An omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1) as in Claim 1 , characterized by slots cut on the cylindrical waveguide (5), having an inclination angle between 30°-55° to the axis of circular waveguide.
7. An omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1) as in Claim 1, characterized by the parallel plate length formed by the top plate (2) and the bottom body (3) such that the phase of the vertically and horizontally polarized electromagnetic fields yield a circularly polarized radiation.
8. An omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1) as in Claim 1, characterized by a flared section (22) at the parallel plate region formed by the top plate (2) and the bottom body (3) for beam control in elevation plane.
9. An omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna (1) as in Claim 1, characterized by a flared section (22) at the bottom body (3) in addition to the flared section at the top plate (2) for beam control in elevation plane.
EP12791858.9A 2012-09-26 2012-10-17 Omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna Withdrawn EP2901525A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR201210987 2012-09-26
PCT/IB2012/055638 WO2014049400A1 (en) 2012-09-26 2012-10-17 Omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2901525A1 true EP2901525A1 (en) 2015-08-05

Family

ID=47258046

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12791858.9A Withdrawn EP2901525A1 (en) 2012-09-26 2012-10-17 Omnidirectional circularly polarized waveguide antenna

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2901525A1 (en)
LU (1) LU92461B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014049400A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108963416B (en) * 2018-07-24 2024-09-03 成都菲斯洛克电子技术有限公司 Circular waveguide antenna array structure in millimeter wave security inspection instrument
CN113972483A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-01-25 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 Millimeter wave circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0456034A2 (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-11-13 Hughes Aircraft Company Bicone antenna with hemispherical beam

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2562332A (en) * 1945-05-03 1951-07-31 Henry J Riblet Tilted slot antenna
FR2372522A1 (en) * 1976-11-30 1978-06-23 Thomson Csf OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA WITH SITE ADJUSTABLE DIRECTIVITY DIAGRAM
EP0978899A1 (en) * 1998-08-06 2000-02-09 Radiacion y Microondas, S.A. Dish-type isoflux antenna
US8390525B2 (en) 2010-03-05 2013-03-05 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Circularly polarized omnidirectional antennas and methods

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0456034A2 (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-11-13 Hughes Aircraft Company Bicone antenna with hemispherical beam

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU92461B1 (en) 2014-09-26
WO2014049400A1 (en) 2014-04-03

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