EP2900868B1 - Method for controlling the formation of a fiber web of a fiber or paper producing process - Google Patents

Method for controlling the formation of a fiber web of a fiber or paper producing process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2900868B1
EP2900868B1 EP13770855.8A EP13770855A EP2900868B1 EP 2900868 B1 EP2900868 B1 EP 2900868B1 EP 13770855 A EP13770855 A EP 13770855A EP 2900868 B1 EP2900868 B1 EP 2900868B1
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Prior art keywords
formation
manipulated variables
function
processes
control
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2900868A1 (en
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Oliver Kaufmann
Jens Haag
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Voith Patent GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
    • D21G9/0054—Paper-making control systems details of algorithms or programs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
    • D21G9/0027—Paper-making control systems controlling the forming section
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/66—Pulp catching, de-watering, or recovering; Re-use of pulp-water
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
    • D21G9/0018—Paper-making control systems controlling the stock preparation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the formation of a fibrous web of a fiber or paper manufacturing process.
  • Fibrous webs can also be tissue or cardboard webs, among other things.
  • the fiber or paper production process essentially consists of a number of successive individual process stages in which controllable chemical and / or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values.
  • the substances required to form the fibrous web are treated, combined and / or dewatered in the individual process steps.
  • the measured values can be recorded inline and used directly or indirectly to regulate the formation. In addition, the measured values can also be determined offline in the laboratory.
  • a particularly important measured variable when assessing the quality of the fibrous web is the formation, i.e. the fiber distribution and composition in the web.
  • the formation i.e. the fiber distribution and composition in the web.
  • the formation is influenced by various variable influencing variables or manipulated variables such as vacuum, screen tension, etc.
  • variable influencing variables or manipulated variables such as vacuum, screen tension, etc.
  • every adjustment of a manipulated variable not only influences the process it is supposed to influence, but also subsequent processes. Adjustments of a process cause consequential effects such as B. greater screen wear, more chemicals, etc. These effects always have an influence on the total costs.
  • WO 03/040465 A1 discloses a method for regulating the formation of a fibrous web of a fiber or paper manufacturing process, which consists of a plurality of successive individual process stages in which controllable chemical and / or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values in which the substances required to form the fibrous web treated, merged and / or dewatered, in which at least some of the measured values are recorded inline and used directly or indirectly to regulate the formation and at least the manipulated variables of the individual operations or processes in the overall process that influence the formation are formed depending on definable secondary conditions.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to propose a formation control which pre-improves the formation in the fibrous web.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for regulation of formation which allows the paper machine operation to be stabilized.
  • the formation is influenced by a plurality of successive individual process stages in which controllable chemical and / or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values, at least some of the measured values being recorded inline and used directly or indirectly to regulate the formation.
  • the substances required to form the fibrous web are treated, combined and / or dewatered.
  • all measured values are processed in a data processing system and manipulated variables are generated from them according to defined specifications.
  • control values When the control values are adjusted, consequential effects occur that are undesirable. Thus, by adjusting a control value, the formation can be improved as a result of increased screen wear occur when z. B. the vacuum is set too high.
  • the manipulated variables of the individual procedures or processes in the overall process are formed as a function of definable secondary conditions such negative effects can be prevented.
  • secondary conditions are understood to mean conditions that define value ranges that must not be left or that only allow adjustment of the control values in a defined range, so that the measured values do not exceed and / or exceed certain limits at the measuring points assigned to the processes. or fall below.
  • the manipulated variables are formed as a function of definable cost functions.
  • the cost function can also be used to evaluate the expenditure costs that arise as a result of the change in the manipulated variables. Furthermore, the cost function can also evaluate the follow-up costs.
  • the secondary conditions can be formed both as a function of the starting materials or raw materials and / or of the chemicals, auxiliary materials and energies supplied in the successive process stages as well as the materials and emissions to be disposed of.
  • an optimization algorithm is used by means of which the cost functions are optimized while observing the secondary conditions, in that all decisive manipulated variables, taking into account the secondary conditions and the consequential effects, are only adjusted to the extent that the formation reaches a target value or formation value.
  • the optimization algorithm can control the influencing variables of the individual operations or processes in the
  • the overall process is influenced in such a way that the amount of a possible deviation of the formation from the target value is minimized.
  • a model can also be stored in the optimization algorithm, which qualitatively reproduces the influence of the manipulated variables on the formation either via a priori prior knowledge or by evaluating the effects of the previous adjustments, whereby the dead times of the processes are advantageously taken into account.
  • the individual processes within the meaning of the invention essentially take place in the stock preparation, the headbox and the wet end of a fibrous web manufacturing machine.
  • One of the particular advantages of the invention is that the operational stability and the formation can be stabilized in such a way that the costs of the overall process can be reduced to an optimal minimum.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram to illustrate the formation control, with the help of which the function of the system or the control of the formation can be described.
  • the system or the regulation 1 of the formation of a fibrous web of a fiber or paper manufacturing process is dependent on a plurality of successive individual process stages. In the individual process steps, different controllable chemical and / or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values in order to treat, bring together and / or dewater the material required for the formation of the fibrous web.
  • the secondary conditions have an influence on the formation in that individual relevant manipulated variables are formed as a function of definable secondary conditions.
  • the secondary conditions are defined in such a way that particularly stable paper machine operation is guaranteed. Certain measured values must therefore not exceed certain limits that must be adhered to in order to optimize the formation.
  • the control strategy can be implemented with the help of an optimization algorithm that minimizes the cost function while maintaining the constraints.
  • the subsequent effects 5 result from the individual adjustments to the manipulated variables of the processes.
  • the secondary effects can be measured online or in the laboratory and are incorporated directly or indirectly into the secondary conditions. In other words, the limits of the secondary conditions are influenced by the subsequent conditions. Consequential effects can be wear and tear, energy consumption, chemical consumption, etc.
  • Figure 2 is a line diagram to show the relationships between manipulated variables, constraints and costs in relation to a constant formation.
  • the influencing variables (expenditure) that can be adjusted by the regulation are evaluated as expenditure costs using a corresponding price function.
  • Follow-up costs that arise from the adjustable influencing variables are also determined.
  • the cost function is thus calculated from the total costs from expenditure and follow-up costs of setting the formation-relevant control variables. This cost function is minimized by means of an optimization algorithm in compliance with the secondary conditions defined above, so that an (iterative) step-by-step change in setting takes place at a cost-optimal operating point, with the formation as a control variable remaining within a permissible tolerance band.
  • the optimization algorithm is / can design the adjustments in such a way that the amount of a possible deviation of the formation from the target value (range) is minimized (ideally to 0). This can be done using a model that quantitatively reproduces the influence of the manipulated variables on the formation either using prior knowledge known a priori or by evaluating the effects of the previous adjustments.

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  • Paper (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Formation einer Faserstoffbahn eines Faser- oder Papierherstellungsprozesses.The invention relates to a method for regulating the formation of a fibrous web of a fiber or paper manufacturing process.

Faserstoffbahnen können unter anderem auch Tissue- oder Kartonbahn sein.Fibrous webs can also be tissue or cardboard webs, among other things.

Der Faser- oder Papierherstellungsprozess besteht im Wesentlichen aus einer Mehrzahl aufeinanderfolgender Einzelverfahrensstufen, in denen regelbare chemische und/oder physikalische Abläufe bzw. Prozessschritte in Abhängigkeit von Messwerten stattfinden. So werden die zur Bildung der Faserstoffbahn erforderlichen Stoffe in den einzelnen Prozessschritten behandelt, zusammengeführt und/oder entwässert. Die Messwerte können inline erfasst und direkt oder indirekt zur Regelung der Formation verwendet werden. Daneben können die Messwerte aber auch offline im Labor ermittelt werden.The fiber or paper production process essentially consists of a number of successive individual process stages in which controllable chemical and / or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values. The substances required to form the fibrous web are treated, combined and / or dewatered in the individual process steps. The measured values can be recorded inline and used directly or indirectly to regulate the formation. In addition, the measured values can also be determined offline in the laboratory.

Eine besonders wichtige Messgröße bei der Beurteilung der Qualität der Faserstoffbahn ist die Formation, also die Faserverteilung und -zusammensetzung in der Bahn. Durch den Einsatz einer leistungsfähigen Qualitätsmesstechnik ist es möglich, eine genaue Online-Beurteilung der Struktur und Gleichmäßigkeit der inneren Faserverteilung (Papierformation) im Papier zu erhalten. Damit können weitere Qualitätsparameter wie Bedruckbarkeit, Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, Festigkeit, Steifigkeit, optische Qualität, usw. verbessert werden.A particularly important measured variable when assessing the quality of the fibrous web is the formation, i.e. the fiber distribution and composition in the web. By using high-performance quality measurement technology, it is possible to obtain a precise online assessment of the structure and uniformity of the internal fiber distribution (paper formation) in the paper. In this way, further quality parameters such as printability, surface properties, strength, rigidity, optical quality, etc. can be improved.

Die Formation wird durch verschiedene veränderbare Einflussgrößen bzw. Stellgrößen wie Vakuum, Siebspannung usw. beeinflusst. Jede Verstellung einer Stellgröße beeinflusst aber nicht nur den den Prozess, den sie beeinflussen soll, sondern auch nachfolgende Prozesse. Verstellungen eines Prozesses bewirken also Folgeeffekte wie z. B. größeren Siebverschleiß, mehr Chemikalieneinsatz usw. Diese Effekte haben somit immer auch einen Einfluss auf die Gesamtkosten.The formation is influenced by various variable influencing variables or manipulated variables such as vacuum, screen tension, etc. However, every adjustment of a manipulated variable not only influences the process it is supposed to influence, but also subsequent processes. Adjustments of a process cause consequential effects such as B. greater screen wear, more chemicals, etc. These effects always have an influence on the total costs.

Zur Regelung der Formation sind aus dem Stand der Technik eine Reihe von Veröffentlichungen bekannt. So ist beispielsweise ein Verfahren zur Optimierung der Formation durch Veränderung der Stoffauflaufkonsistenz über Lippenöffnung bekannt. Weitere Regelungen werden in der EP 1 454 012 A1 , EP 1 801 288 A1 , DE 10 2010 041052 A1 oder der WO 00/34575 offenbart. WO 03/040465 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Formation einer Faserstoffbahn eines Faser-oder Papierherstellungsprozesses, das aus einer Mehrzahl aufeinanderfolgender Einzelverfahrensstufen besteht, in denen regelbare chemische und/oder physikalische Abläufe bzw. Prozessschritte in Abhängigkeit von Messwerten stattfinden, in denen die zur Bildung der Faserstoffbahn erforderlichen Stoffe behandelt, zusammengeführt und/oder entwässert werden, bei dem zumindest einige der Messwerte inline erfasst und direkt oder indirekt zur Regelung der Formation verwendet und zumindest die die Formation relevant beeinflussenden Stellgrößen der einzelnen Abläufe bzw. Prozesse im Gesamtprozess in Abhängigkeit von definierbaren Nebenbedingungen gebildet werden.A number of publications are known from the prior art for regulating the formation. For example, a method for optimizing the formation by changing the headbox consistency by opening the lips is known. Further regulations are contained in the EP 1 454 012 A1 , EP 1 801 288 A1 , DE 10 2010 041052 A1 or the WO 00/34575 disclosed. WO 03/040465 A1 discloses a method for regulating the formation of a fibrous web of a fiber or paper manufacturing process, which consists of a plurality of successive individual process stages in which controllable chemical and / or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values in which the substances required to form the fibrous web treated, merged and / or dewatered, in which at least some of the measured values are recorded inline and used directly or indirectly to regulate the formation and at least the manipulated variables of the individual operations or processes in the overall process that influence the formation are formed depending on definable secondary conditions.

Eine der Aufgaben der Erfindung ist es eine Formationsregelung vorzuschlagen, die die Formation in der Faserstoffbahn vorbessert.One of the objects of the invention is to propose a formation control which pre-improves the formation in the fibrous web.

Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein Verfahren zur Formationsregelung bereitzustellen das es erlaubt den Papiermaschinenbetrieb zu stabilisieren.Another object of the invention is to provide a method for regulation of formation which allows the paper machine operation to be stabilized.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch ein Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen gelöst.According to the invention, this is achieved by a method according to the claims.

Die Formation wird von einer Mehrzahl aufeinanderfolgender Einzelverfahrensstufen, in denen regelbare chemische und/oder physikalische Abläufe bzw. Prozessschritte in Abhängigkeit von Messwerten stattfinden, beeinflusst, wobei zumindest einige der Messwerte inline erfasst und direkt oder indirekt zur Regelung der Formation verwendet werden.The formation is influenced by a plurality of successive individual process stages in which controllable chemical and / or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values, at least some of the measured values being recorded inline and used directly or indirectly to regulate the formation.

In den aufeinanderfolgenden Einzelverfahrensstufen werden die zur Bildung der Faserstoffbahn erforderlichen Stoffe behandelt, zusammengeführt und/oder entwässert. Zur Regelung des Gesamtprozesses werden alle Messwerte in einem Datenverarbeitungssystem verarbeitet und daraus nach definierten Vorgaben Stellgrößen generiert.In the successive individual process stages, the substances required to form the fibrous web are treated, combined and / or dewatered. To regulate the overall process, all measured values are processed in a data processing system and manipulated variables are generated from them according to defined specifications.

Bei der Verstellung der Stellwerte treten wiederum Folgeeffekte auf, die nicht erwünscht sind. So kann durch die Verstellung eines Stellwertes die Formation zwar verbessert werden dadurch aber als Folgeeffekt ein erhöhter Siebverschleiß auftreten, wenn z. B. das Vakuum zu hoch eingestellt wird.When the control values are adjusted, consequential effects occur that are undesirable. Thus, by adjusting a control value, the formation can be improved as a result of increased screen wear occur when z. B. the vacuum is set too high.

Werden, wie vorgeschlagen, die Stellgrößen der einzelnen Abläufe bzw. Prozesse im Gesamtprozess in Abhängigkeit von definierbaren Nebenbedingungen gebildet können derartige negative Auswirkungen verhindert werden.As suggested, the manipulated variables of the individual procedures or processes in the overall process are formed as a function of definable secondary conditions such negative effects can be prevented.

Unter Nebenbedingungen im Sinne der Erfindung werden somit Bedingungen verstanden, die Wertebereiche definiert, die nicht verlassen werden dürfen bzw. die eine Verstellung der Stellwerte nur in einem definierten Bereich zulassen, sodass an den den Prozessen zugeordneten Messstellen die Messwerte bestimmte Grenzen nicht über- und/oder unterschreiten.In the context of the invention, secondary conditions are understood to mean conditions that define value ranges that must not be left or that only allow adjustment of the control values in a defined range, so that the measured values do not exceed and / or exceed certain limits at the measuring points assigned to the processes. or fall below.

Die Stellgrößen werden in Abhängigkeit von definierbaren Kostenfunktionen gebildet.The manipulated variables are formed as a function of definable cost functions.

Ein Folgeeffekt könnten auch die Kosten sein. So kann die Formation bzw. der Gesamtprozess zusätzlich dahin gehend optimiert werden, dass die die Kosten reduziert werden, wobei immer auch die anderen Nebenbedingungen und letztendlich auch die Formation in gewissen Grenzen liegen muss.A consequence could also be the costs. In this way, the formation or the overall process can also be optimized in such a way that the costs are reduced, with the other secondary conditions and ultimately also the formation always having to be within certain limits.

So können mittels der Kostenfunktion auch die Aufwandskosten bewertet werden, die durch die Veränderung der Stellgrößen entstehen. Des Weiteren kann die Kostenfunktion allerdings auch die Folgekosten bewerten.In this way, the cost function can also be used to evaluate the expenditure costs that arise as a result of the change in the manipulated variables. Furthermore, the cost function can also evaluate the follow-up costs.

Die Nebenbedingung kann als eine Gleichheitsbedingung, z. B. Formation = konstant, aber auch als eine Ungleichung, z. B. steigende Vakua in der Siebstation entlang der Entwässerungsstrecke, wie p1>p2>p3, in die Bildung der Grenzwerte mit einfließen.The constraint can be used as an equality condition, e.g. B. Formation = constant, but also as an inequality, e.g. B. increasing vacuums in the screening station along the drainage line, such as p1> p2> p3, are included in the formation of the limit values.

Des Weiteren können die Nebenbedingungen sowohl in Abhängigkeit von den Ausgangsmaterialien bzw. Rohstoffen und/oder von den in den aufeinanderfolgenden Verfahrensstufen zugeführten Chemikalien, Hilfsstoffen und Energien sowie den zu entsorgenden Materialien und Emissionen gebildet werden.Furthermore, the secondary conditions can be formed both as a function of the starting materials or raw materials and / or of the chemicals, auxiliary materials and energies supplied in the successive process stages as well as the materials and emissions to be disposed of.

Zur Minimierung der Kosten wird ein Optimierungsalgorithmus eingesetzt, mittels dem die Kostenfunktionen unter Einhaltung der Nebenbedingungen optimiert werden, indem alle entscheidenden Stellgrößen, unter Berücksichtigung der Nebenbedingungen und der Folgeeffekte, nur soweit verstellt werden, dass die Formation eine Zielgröße bzw. Formationswert erreicht.In order to minimize costs, an optimization algorithm is used by means of which the cost functions are optimized while observing the secondary conditions, in that all decisive manipulated variables, taking into account the secondary conditions and the consequential effects, are only adjusted to the extent that the formation reaches a target value or formation value.

So kann der Optimierungsalgorithmus, zur Einhaltung der Formationsnebenbedingungen, die beeinflussenden Stellgrößen der einzelnen Abläufe bzw. Prozesse im Gesamtprozess so beeinflusst, dass der Betrag einer eventuellen Abweichung der Formation vom Sollwert minimiert wird.In this way, the optimization algorithm can control the influencing variables of the individual operations or processes in the The overall process is influenced in such a way that the amount of a possible deviation of the formation from the target value is minimized.

Zum Anderen kann dem Optimierungsalgorithmus aber auch ein Modell hinterlegt sein, welches entweder über a priori Vorwissen oder durch die Auswertung der Effekte der vorausgegangenen Verstellungen den Einfluss der Stellgrößen auf die Formation qualitativ wiedergibt, wodurch die Totzeiten der Prozesse vorteilhaft mit berücksichtigt werden.On the other hand, a model can also be stored in the optimization algorithm, which qualitatively reproduces the influence of the manipulated variables on the formation either via a priori prior knowledge or by evaluating the effects of the previous adjustments, whereby the dead times of the processes are advantageously taken into account.

Beide Vorgehensweisen können aber auch miteinander kombiniert werde, sodass es zu einer weiteren Optimierung kommt.Both approaches can, however, also be combined with one another, so that further optimization occurs.

Die Einzelverfahren im Sinne der Erfindung finden im Wesentlichen in der Stoffaufbereitung, dem Stoffauflauf und der Nasspartie einer Faserstoffbahnherstellungsmaschine statt. Also den Bereichen einer Faserstoffbahnherstellungsmaschine, in denen eine Veränderung oder Beeinflussung der Formation stattfinden kann.The individual processes within the meaning of the invention essentially take place in the stock preparation, the headbox and the wet end of a fibrous web manufacturing machine. In other words, the areas of a fibrous web production machine in which the formation can be changed or influenced.

So kann in der Stoffaufbereitung zumindest eine der folgenden Stellgrößen zur Regelung der Formation verwendet werden:

  • Retentionsmitteltyp
  • Retentionsmittel-Dosierpunkt
  • Retentionsmittelmenge
  • Mahlleistung
  • Dispergerleistung
  • Stoffzusammensetzung
  • Fixiermittelmenge
In stock preparation, at least one of the following manipulated variables can be used to regulate the formation:
  • Retention agent type
  • Retention agent dosing point
  • Amount of retention agent
  • Grinding capacity
  • Disperger performance
  • Composition of matter
  • Amount of fixative

So kann im Stoffauflauf, zumindest eine der folgenden Stellgrößen zur Regelung der Formation verwendet werden:

  • Suspensionsstrahlgeometrie
  • Lippenöffnung
  • Blendenstellung
  • Lamellenstellung
  • Insertsstellung
  • Geschwindigkeitsdifferenz Strahl-Sieb
In the headbox, at least one of the following manipulated variables can be used to regulate the formation:
  • Suspension jet geometry
  • Lip opening
  • Aperture position
  • Slat position
  • Insert position
  • Speed difference jet sieve

Weiterhin kann in der Nasspartie, zumindest eine der folgenden Stellgrößen zur Regelung der Formation verwendet werden:

  • Entwässerungsleistengeometrie
  • Entwässerungsleistendrücke
  • Vakuum
  • Siebspannung
Furthermore, in the wet end, at least one of the following manipulated variables can be used to regulate the formation:
  • Drainage bar geometry
  • Drainage bar pressures
  • vacuum
  • Screen tension

Aber auch die Siebeigenschaften wie auch die Sieblaufzeit, insbesondere die CFM-Wert Veränderung haben einen Einfluss auf den stabilen lauf der Maschinen sowie auf die Kosten und können z. B. als Funktion in die Nebenbedingungen mit einfließen.But the sieve properties as well as the sieve running time, in particular the change in CFM value, have an influence on the stable running of the machines as well as on the costs. B. flow into the constraints as a function.

So ist es aber auch möglich die Formation dadurch zu optimieren, dass die Maschinengeschwindigkeit verändert wird, wodurch, insbesondere bei schwer zu verarbeitenden Rohstoffen oder auch bei sich ändernden Klimabedingungen, das Risiko eines Bahnrisses vermindert wird. Bahnrisse haben einen großen Einfluss auf die Gesamtkosten.However, it is also possible to optimize the formation by changing the machine speed, which reduces the risk of a web break, especially with raw materials that are difficult to process or with changing climatic conditions. Web breaks have a major impact on total costs.

Einer der besonderen Vorteile der Erfindung ist es, dass die Betriebsstabilität und die Formation derart stabilisiert werden können, dass die Kosten des Gesamtprozesses auf ein optimales Minimum reduziert werden können.One of the particular advantages of the invention is that the operational stability and the formation can be stabilized in such a way that the costs of the overall process can be reduced to an optimal minimum.

Weitere Merkmale des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung.Further features of the method according to the invention and further advantages of the invention emerge from the following description with reference to the drawing.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Skizzen näher erläutert. In diesen zeigen:

Figur 1
ein Blockdiagramm zur Darstellung der Formationsregelung
Figur 2
ein Liniendiagramm zur Darstellung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Stellgrößen, Nebenbedingungen und Kosten in Bezug auf eine konstante Formation
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of sketches. In these show:
Figure 1
a block diagram illustrating formation control
Figure 2
a line diagram to show the relationships between manipulated variables, constraints and costs in relation to a constant formation

Figur 1 zeigt ein Blockdiagramm zur Darstellung der Formationsregelung, mit dessen Hilfe die Funktion des Systems bzw. der Regelung der Formation beschrieben werden kann. Figure 1 shows a block diagram to illustrate the formation control, with the help of which the function of the system or the control of the formation can be described.

Das System bzw. die Regelung 1 der Formation einer Faserstoffbahn eines Faser-oder Papierherstellungsprozesses ist von einer Mehrzahl aufeinanderfolgender Einzelverfahrensstufen abhängig. So finden in den einzelnen Verfahrenstufen unterschiedliche regelbare chemische und/oder physikalische Abläufe bzw. Prozessschritte in Abhängigkeit von Messwerten statt, um den zur Bildung der Faserstoffbahn erforderlichen Stoff zu behandeln, zusammen zuführen und/oder zu entwässern.The system or the regulation 1 of the formation of a fibrous web of a fiber or paper manufacturing process is dependent on a plurality of successive individual process stages. In the individual process steps, different controllable chemical and / or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values in order to treat, bring together and / or dewater the material required for the formation of the fibrous web.

Die einzelnen Verfahrenstufen, die für die Formationsbildung verantwortlich sind, sind in Figur 1 in Block 3 zusammengefasst worden. Die Verfahren oder Prozesse können in der Stoffaufbereitung, dem Wet End Prozess, dem Stoffauflauf und dem Former stattfinden, wobei jeder Prozess durch mindestens eine Stellgröße 2 beeinflussbar ist. Bezüglich der möglichen Stellgrößen a1, a2, .....wird auf die bereits erwähnten verwiesen, wobei dies keine abschließende Aufzählung ist.The individual process stages that are responsible for formation formation are in Figure 1 have been combined in block 3. The methods or processes can take place in the stock preparation, the wet end process, the headbox and the former, each process being able to be influenced by at least one manipulated variable 2. With regard to the possible manipulated variables a1, a2, ....., reference is made to those already mentioned, although this is not an exhaustive list.

Neben den Stellgrößen haben die Nebenbedingungen einen Einfluss auf die Formation, indem einzelne relevante Stellgrößen in Abhängigkeit von definierbaren Nebenbedingungen gebildet werden.In addition to the manipulated variables, the secondary conditions have an influence on the formation in that individual relevant manipulated variables are formed as a function of definable secondary conditions.

Die Nebenbedingungen sind derart definiert, dass ein besonders stabiler Papiermaschinenbetrieb gewährleistet ist. Bestimmte Messwerte dürfen also gewisse Grenzen nicht überschreiten, die zwingend zur Optimierung der Formation eingehalten werden müssen.The secondary conditions are defined in such a way that particularly stable paper machine operation is guaranteed. Certain measured values must therefore not exceed certain limits that must be adhered to in order to optimize the formation.

Die Regelungsstrategie kann mithilfe eines Optimierungsalgorithmus erfolgen, der die Kostenfunktion minimiert und dabei die Nebenbedingungen einhält. Diese Nebenbedingungen können als Gleichheitsbedingung (z.B. Formation = konstant), als Grenzwerte (Stellgrenzen, z. B. 0,9 < Strahl-Sieb-Verhältnis < 1,1) oder als Ungleichung (steigende Vakua entlang der Entwässerung, z.B. p1>p2>p3) vorliegen.The control strategy can be implemented with the help of an optimization algorithm that minimizes the cost function while maintaining the constraints. These Constraints can be used as equality conditions (e.g. formation = constant), as limit values (control limits, e.g. 0.9 <jet-sieve ratio <1.1) or as an inequality (increasing vacuums along the drainage, e.g. p1>p2> p3 ) are available.

Die Folgeeffekte 5 ergeben sich aus den einzelnen Verstellungen der Stellgrößen der Prozesse. Die Folgeeffekte können online oder im Labor gemessen werden und fliesen direkt oder indirekt in die Nebenbedingungen ein. Oder anderes ausgedrückt, die Grenzen der Nebenbedingungen werden durch die Folgebedingungen beeinflusst. Folgeeffekte können Verschleiß, Energieverbrauch, Chemikalienverbrauch, usw. sein.The subsequent effects 5 result from the individual adjustments to the manipulated variables of the processes. The secondary effects can be measured online or in the laboratory and are incorporated directly or indirectly into the secondary conditions. In other words, the limits of the secondary conditions are influenced by the subsequent conditions. Consequential effects can be wear and tear, energy consumption, chemical consumption, etc.

In Figur 2 ist ein Liniendiagramm zur Darstellung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Stellgrößen, Nebenbedingungen und Kosten in Bezug auf eine konstante Formation dargestellt.In Figure 2 is a line diagram to show the relationships between manipulated variables, constraints and costs in relation to a constant formation.

Die durch die Regelung verstellbaren Einflussgrößen (Aufwand) werden über eine entsprechende Preisfunktion als Aufwandskosten bewertet. Ebenso werden Folgekosten, die durch die verstellbaren Einflussgrößen entstehen, ermittelt. Die Kostenfunktion berechnet sich somit aus den Gesamtkosten aus Aufwands- und Folgekosten der Einstellung der formationsrelevanten Stellgrößen. Diese Kostenfunktion wird über einen Optimierungsalgorithmus minimiert unter Einhaltung der oben definierten Nebenbedingungen, sodass eine (iterative) schrittweise Einstellungsänderung zu einem kostenoptimalen Betriebspunkt erfolgt, wobei die Formation als Regelgröße innerhalb eines zulässigen Toleranzbandes bleibt.The influencing variables (expenditure) that can be adjusted by the regulation are evaluated as expenditure costs using a corresponding price function. Follow-up costs that arise from the adjustable influencing variables are also determined. The cost function is thus calculated from the total costs from expenditure and follow-up costs of setting the formation-relevant control variables. This cost function is minimized by means of an optimization algorithm in compliance with the secondary conditions defined above, so that an (iterative) step-by-step change in setting takes place at a cost-optimal operating point, with the formation as a control variable remaining within a permissible tolerance band.

Der Optimierungsalgorithmus ist/kann zur Einhaltung der Formationsnebenbedingung die Verstellungen so gestalten, dass der Betrag einer eventuelle Abweichung der Formation vorn Sollwert (Bereich) minimiert wird (im Idealfall zu 0). Dies kann über ein Modell geschehen, das entweder über a priori bekanntes Vorwissen oder durch die Auswertung der Effekte der vorausgegangenen Verstellungen den Einfluss der Stellgrößen auf die Formation quantitativ wiedergibt.In order to comply with the secondary formation condition, the optimization algorithm is / can design the adjustments in such a way that the amount of a possible deviation of the formation from the target value (range) is minimized (ideally to 0). This can be done using a model that quantitatively reproduces the influence of the manipulated variables on the formation either using prior knowledge known a priori or by evaluating the effects of the previous adjustments.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
BlockdiagrammBlock diagram
22
StellgrößenManipulated variables
33
VerfahrensstufenProcedural stages
44th
NebenbedingungenConstraints
4a4a
Grenzwerte Nebenbedingungen für Stellgröße YLimits secondary conditions for manipulated variable Y
4b4b
Grenzwerte Nebenbedingungen für Stellgröße XLimits secondary conditions for manipulated variable X
55
FolgeeffekteFollow-up effects
66th
Zielgröße FormationTarget size formation
88th
GültigkeitsbereichScope
99
KostenaufwandExpense

Claims (13)

  1. Method for controlling the formation of a fibrous web of a fibre or paper production process, which consists of a plurality of successive individual process stages in which controllable chemical and/or physical processes or process steps take place as a function of measured values, in which the substances required to form the fibrous web are treated, combined and/or dewatered, in which at least some of the measured values are recorded inline and used directly or indirectly to control the formation and at least the manipulated variables of the individual processes or processes in the overall process which have a relevant influence on the formation are formed as a function of definable secondary conditions,
    characterised in that
    the manipulated variables are formed as a function of definable cost functions and the costs are minimised by means of the cost function via an optimisation algorithm while complying with the constraints.
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the cost function evaluates the effort costs incurred by changing the manipulated variables.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    the cost function evaluates the consequential costs that arise from the change in the manipulated variables.
  4. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the constraint is an equality constraint.
  5. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the constraint is an inequality.
  6. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the secondary conditions are formed both as a function of the starting materials or raw materials and/or of the chemicals, auxiliary materials and energies added in the successive process stages and of the materials and emissions to be disposed of.
  7. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the optimisation algorithm, in order to comply with the formation constraints, influences the influencing control variables of the individual sequences or processes in the overall process in such a way that the amount of any deviation of the formation from the setpoint is minimised.
  8. Method according to claim 1 or 7,
    characterised in that
    the optimisation algorithm is based on a model which qualitatively reflects the influence of the manipulated variables on the formation either via a priori knowledge or by evaluating the effects of the previous adjustments.
  9. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the individual processes essentially take place in the stock preparation, headbox and wet end sections of a fibre web production machine.
  10. The method according to claim 9,
    characterised in that
    in the stock preparation, at least one of the following manipulated variables is used to control the formation:
    - Retention agent type
    - Retention agent dosing point
    - Retention agent quantity
    - Grinding capacity
    - Disperser performance
    - Fabric composition
    - Fixer quantity
  11. The method according to claim 9,
    characterised in that
    in the headbox, at least one of the following manipulated variables is used to control the formation:
    - Suspension beam geometry
    - Lip opening
    - Aperture position
    - Slat position
    - Insert position
    - Velocity difference jet-sieve
  12. The method according to claim 9,
    characterised in that
    in the wet section, at least one of the following manipulated variables is used to control the formation:
    - Drainage strip geometry
    - Drainage bar pressures
    - Vacuum
    - Sieve tension
  13. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    one of the manipulated variables is the machine speed.
EP13770855.8A 2012-09-28 2013-09-18 Method for controlling the formation of a fiber web of a fiber or paper producing process Active EP2900868B1 (en)

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DE102012217729A DE102012217729A1 (en) 2012-09-28 2012-09-28 A method of controlling a fibrous web making machine to improve the formation
PCT/EP2013/069370 WO2014048811A1 (en) 2012-09-28 2013-09-18 Method for controlling the formation of a fiber web of a fiber or paper producing process

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CN104704168A (en) 2015-06-10
CN104704168B (en) 2017-03-08

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