EP2899410B1 - Method for fixing a frame in a building opening, fixing assembly and component-assembly - Google Patents
Method for fixing a frame in a building opening, fixing assembly and component-assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2899410B1 EP2899410B1 EP15151998.0A EP15151998A EP2899410B1 EP 2899410 B1 EP2899410 B1 EP 2899410B1 EP 15151998 A EP15151998 A EP 15151998A EP 2899410 B1 EP2899410 B1 EP 2899410B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- holding
- fastening
- building
- holding element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/56—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames
- E06B1/60—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames by mechanical means, e.g. anchoring means
- E06B1/6069—Separate spacer means acting exclusively in the plane of the opening; Shims; Wedges; Tightening of a complete frame inside a wall opening
- E06B1/6076—Separate spacer means acting exclusively in the plane of the opening; Shims; Wedges; Tightening of a complete frame inside a wall opening of screw-type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for fastening a frame in a building opening and a fastening assembly for fastening a frame element to be arranged in a building opening on a building and a component assembly with a component which is fastened in a building opening and has a frame.
- the walls or the load-bearing structures of a building usually consist of masonry, concrete and / or steel or another suitable material.
- the frames for windows or doors that are used in the building openings of these buildings are usually made of a different material, for example plastic or metal, in particular aluminum. Due to this choice of material, these frames have different coefficients of thermal expansion than the walls in which these frames are inserted, so that they expand differently in the event of temperature fluctuations. In addition, the frames have a lower mass and can therefore adapt to temperature changes more quickly than the walls, for example in direct sunlight, so that different changes in length can occur even with the same choice of material.
- Fastening assemblies for such frames should ensure the secure hold of the frame perpendicular to the plane of the frame or the wall, so that the frame is held securely in the building opening in the event of the loads acting on the building, for example wind.
- adjusting screws are known from the prior art, which are anchored in the wall or are supported on this and engage in a thread in the frame. By turning the screw relative to With this thread, the frame can be precisely aligned in the building opening.
- sliding bolts which are fastened to the frame or the wall and engage in a hole in the wall or in the frame. If the frame expands in length, the slide bolt can dip into the slide bearing and thus compensate for the temperature expansion.
- a spacer screw in which a sleeve with an external thread is axially held in the axial direction by the screw head on the one hand and a bead on the screw on the other hand on the drive-side end of the screw.
- the hexagonal screw head is located inside the sleeve, where a complementary, hexagonal recess receives the screw head in a form-fitting manner and ensures that the screw is driven with torque when a hexagonal tool is inserted into the recess and rotated.
- a minimal axial movement of the screw and the sleeve are in installed state given by a slight axial play of the sleeve on the screw between the screw head and the flange.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for fastening a frame in a wall, the frame being mounted on the building so as to compensate for temperature-related linear expansion of the frame, at least in sections in the plane of the frame.
- the object of the invention is furthermore to provide a universally usable fastening assembly for a frame, which enables a compensation of temperature-related linear expansions of the frame.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a component assembly with a component which can be inserted into a building opening and has a frame, wherein temperature-related changes in length of the frame are to be compensated for.
- a method for fastening a frame in a building opening is provided according to claim 1, the frame being mounted on the building so as to compensate for temperature-related linear expansions of the frame at least in sections in the plane of the frame.
- only exactly two components are used which are movable relative to one another, namely a holding element and a bearing element assigned to it.
- One of these components is attached to the frame and the other to the opening in the building.
- a movement of the frame relative to the building opening is compensated for by a movement of the holding element relative to the bearing element, so that there is no movement between the frame or building opening and the holding element or bearing element.
- No additional loads due to changes in length can act on the fastening of the bearing element and the holding element in the frame or on the building. Since the bearing and holding element slide against one another, there is no wear and tear that would impair their function over time.
- the holding element is in all directions in a plane that is perpendicular to the direction of displacement, supported because the bearing element functions as a bearing for the holding element in this regard.
- the receptacles on the frame and on the building opening can, for example, correspond to the receptacles previously used (usually simple holes, provided with dowels in the reveal), so that special receptacles, in particular slide bearings, do not have to be provided either on the frame or on the building opening.
- the receptacles on the frame and on the building opening can be designed so that instead of a retaining element or a bearing element, the previously used fastening screws, in particular fixing screws, optionally with an adapter, can be used so that the frame can be fixed at certain points using such fastening screws and only in areas in which stresses caused by thermal expansion are to be expected, fastening with the method according to the invention takes place.
- the holding element and the bearing element are coupled to one another during the fastening to the frame and to the building. These are therefore used together so that the holding element and the bearing element can be aligned with one another prior to assembly, whereby the assembly process can be significantly accelerated.
- the holding element and the bearing element are rigidly held together during fastening to the frame and to the building, preferably so rigidly that they cannot be displaced relative to one another in the plane of the frame and / or the building opening, i.e. the sliding function blocked during assembly.
- the bearing element and the holding element can be used together, for example with a common tool, so that the assembly effort is significantly lower and the assembly time can also be shortened.
- the holding element and the bearing element are screwed in together using a common tool because they are rigidly coupled to one another in the screwing direction during assembly.
- the holding element is consequently designed as a screw and the bearing element as a sleeve provided with an external thread, the The screw protrudes into the sleeve and is directly coupled to one another in this area with the sleeve in the screwing direction.
- the assembly is screwed into aligned openings in the frame and the building (window or door reveal), with the retaining element screwed into the building and the bearing element screwed into the frame and, in its associated part (frame or reveal), against displacement in the axial direction (Direction of movement) are secured, ie are firmly anchored in their associated part. Then, by rotating the bearing element and holding element relative to one another, the bearing element and the holding element are only decoupled from one another in the axial direction. Radially to the axial direction, specifically in all radial directions, the holding element is still guided in the bearing element and free of play within the scope of the technically required tolerances, so that of course the frame cannot wobble in the building.
- the holding element and the bearing element are still firmly held in the respective part (frame and building) against being pulled out and are fixed on their outer circumferential surfaces due to the thread.
- the holding element and the bearing element are moved relative to one another after being attached to the frame or the building, in particular rotated, and axially decoupled from one another by this relative movement so that they are then limited in the plane of the frame, ie in the direction of displacement mutually movable, in particular are slidably movable.
- the bearing element and the holding element are thus assembled together as a cohesive assembly, the holding element and the bearing element being temporarily rigidly held against one another. This facilitates the assembly of the two components.
- both components Only when both components are mounted are they decoupled from one another by a relative movement of the holding element and the bearing element, so that they are axially limited to one another, but the frame is securely held perpendicular to the plane of the frame or the building.
- both components are assembled together until one of the components has reached its installation position. The other component is then moved relative to it, with both components being decoupled from one another at the same time and the second component being moved into its final position.
- the decoupling can take place, for example, in that the two parts are relatively be rotated to each other in or against the screwing direction in order to release the coupling acting in the screwing direction.
- the frame is preferably fastened to the building with a plurality of holding elements and associated bearing elements, at least one holding element and the associated bearing element being limitedly movable relative to one another in the plane of the frame, in particular slidingly movable.
- the holding elements and the associated bearing elements are only present on a vertical frame part and the opposite frame part is not movably attached in the building opening.
- the frame or the cross members of the frame are rigidly mounted or fixed on one side and movably mounted on the other side so that temperature-related changes in length can be compensated for.
- the rigid attachment of an opposite frame part or one end of a cross member enables the frame to be securely held in the building opening.
- Corresponding horizontal storage is also possible.
- a lower or upper rigid fastening of the frame in or on the building opening is sufficient, via which the vertical position of the frame can optionally be adjusted.
- the holding element and the bearing element are preferably screwed into the frame or into the building, so that quick attachment to the building and the frame is possible.
- other known fastening methods can also be used.
- a fastening assembly for fastening a frame element to be arranged in a building opening on a building, the frame being movable to a limited extent at least in sections in the plane of the building opening to compensate for temperature-related linear expansion of the frame Building opening is stored.
- the fastening assembly is suitable for carrying out a method according to the invention.
- the fastening assembly has a holding element and a bearing element, the holding element having an outside, in particular circumferential, holding structure for frame-side or building-side fastening, and the bearing element having a second outside, in particular circumferential, holding structure for building-side or frame-side fastening.
- cooperating fixing areas are provided on the bearing element and on the holding element, which allow optional axial coupling and decoupling of the holding element and the bearing element, the holding element and the bearing element being axially decoupled relative to one another in a sliding position and being limitedly movable to one another in a sliding direction and perpendicular to this Sliding direction preferably as mentioned above in connection with the method, are connected to one another without play in all radial directions.
- the holding structures Due to the holding structures, no further fasteners such as additional screws, nails etc. are required. necessary, because the support structures are there to penetrate into the building on the one hand and into the frame on the other, and thus to be anchored in the corresponding part.
- the holding structures are external threads.
- the assembly according to the invention preferably has exactly two parts, so that no further fastening parts are required with which the assembly can be fastened on the building side on the one hand and on the frame side on the other.
- the holding structures required for this are already an integral part of the bearing element and the holding element.
- the fastening assembly according to the invention enables the method according to the invention to be used in order to provide, in the sliding position, a sliding bearing for a frame on or in a building opening to compensate for temperature-related changes in length.
- rigid attachment of the frame is also possible in the coupled position.
- the fastening assembly according to the invention can be used instead of both fastening means, the holding element and the bearing element being moved into the sliding position after assembly at the required points so that they can move relative to one another and compensate for temperature-related changes in length.
- a universal fastening assembly is thus provided which can provide both a slide bearing and a rigid fastening, with a simple and quick changeover between these functions being possible. The susceptibility to errors during assembly can thus be significantly reduced.
- the holding element and the bearing element are preferably movable relative to one another from the fixing position into the sliding position, in particular rotatable, in order to decouple the holding element and the bearing element from one another. This enables a simple decoupling after reaching the final installation position of the holding element and the bearing element.
- the bearing element is preferably a sleeve, the holding structure being provided on the outside, i.e. on the circumference of the sleeve, in particular as an external thread.
- the holding element is preferably elongated, for example as a screw, and is held in the sleeve.
- the interacting fixing areas are present between the screw and the sleeve.
- a first variant sees fixing areas in the form of at least one Projection that penetrates into a recess on the other of the two parts. No additional parts are required, because the fixing areas are integrally molded or molded sections on the sleeve and on the screw.
- the fixing areas are formed, for example, by interlocking threads or a bayonet lock, i.e. generally by at least one projection on one of the two parts (bearing element and retaining element), which penetrates into a recess of the other when the parts are screwed together (coupled position) Projection is axially decoupled from the other part in the sliding position in the circumferential direction.
- a second variant provides that the holding element and sliding element each have a torque transmission structure on their end faces pointing in the same direction, so that a rotary drive can simultaneously engage in both torque transmission structures in order to temporarily couple the bearing element and the holding element with one another in the circumferential direction when they are screwed into the frame and building .
- the holding element can slide axially in the bearing element because the sleeve-like bearing element is not connected to the bearing element on the inside.
- the bearing element has a threaded sleeve and the retaining element is a screw (preferably without a laterally protruding head) and this with a. Threads are coupled to one another as fixing areas, the thread coupling the two parts is in particular spatially spaced and separated from the external thread on the screw with which it is screwed into the building or the frame.
- the two threads on the screw also preferably have a different pitch and / or a different direction of rotation.
- the holding element protrudes from the first opening of the sleeve with a first end at which the holding structure is provided.
- the holding element is thus slidably mounted in the sleeve in the sliding position, so that it is movably in the axial direction, perpendicular to this axial direction, i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the frame and / or building opening, securely held and fixed in the sleeve in the coupled position.
- the fixing areas can be formed by an internal thread in the receptacle of the sleeve and an external thread which is provided on a section of the holding element and corresponds to the internal thread be.
- the internal thread and the external thread are in engagement in the fixing position. In the sliding position, these do not interlock and are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the bearing element.
- the holding element and the bearing element are decoupled in that the external thread of the holding element is unscrewed from the internal thread of the bearing element. Both elements are screwed in together, for example for assembly, until one of the elements has reached its installation position. The other element is then rotated further or rotated back until the fixing areas are decoupled from one another and the other element has also reached its final position.
- the external thread is preferably formed on a second end of the holding element opposite the holding structure and the internal thread is formed in sections on the inside of the sleeve, so that the holding element is screwed out of the sleeve in order to detach the internal thread and the external thread from one another.
- the holding element is screwed towards or into the other component when it is turned into the sliding position.
- the internal thread is arranged starting at the second opening of the sleeve opposite the first opening.
- the fixing elements can also form a bayonet lock, which also represents a type of thread, with at least one groove being provided on the inside of the sleeve or on the outside of the holding element and on the outside of the holding element or on the inside of the sleeve is provided at least one projection which is held in the fixing position in the groove.
- a bayonet lock of this type enables the retaining element and the bearing element to be decoupled or coupled by rotating them through a very small angular range.
- such threads In order to ensure a secure hold of the thread, such threads must interlock over at least one thread turn, preferably over several turns, while with a bayonet catch a turn through a smaller angular range, for example less than 90 °, is sufficient to loosen it.
- the fixing areas are preferably one with the other in one direction of rotation coupled, so that in the case of a rotary drive one of the holding and bearing elements is rotated along with the other, and in the case of a drive in the opposite direction, the holding and bearing element are decoupled from one another. This makes it easier to screw in the elements, since a torque transmission profile only needs to be provided on one of the two components.
- this coupling can be formed by an axial stop on the internal thread.
- a coupling can take place through the alignment of the groove.
- a tool holder with a torque transmission profile is preferably provided at a second end of the holding element opposite the first end.
- a second tool holder with a torque transmission profile is provided on the sleeve, for example on the second opening.
- Torque transmission profiles are therefore provided on both elements so that a simultaneous drive of both elements is also possible, for example if the elements are not coupled directly in the direction of rotation, but instead the coupling takes place via the tool for the rotary drive.
- These torque transmission profiles can each be formed, for example, by an Allen, Torx and / or multi-tooth profile. In particular, different torque transmission profiles can be used.
- the tool holder of the holding element is, for example, sunk in the fixing position in the sleeve opposite the second opening, preferably at least so far that the tool holder is free in the sleeve and a tool can engage in it.
- a tool for such a fastening assembly preferably has two torque transmission profiles, the torque transmission profile for the bearing element protruding from the torque transmission profile of the holding element so that both can engage in the respective tool receptacles at the same time.
- the first and the second holding structure preferably have external threads with the same orientation and pitch.
- At least one of these threads can be a self-tapping thread, for example.
- the holding element is made, for example, of metal, in particular zinc, aluminum or stainless steel
- the bearing element is made of metal, in particular zinc, aluminum or stainless steel or a fiber-reinforced plastic.
- a component assembly is also provided, with a component which is fastened in a building opening and has a frame, the frame having at least one cross member and two vertically running, opposite vertical frame elements, and with at least one previously with Fastening assembly according to the invention that can be equipped with all optional variants.
- the at least one fastening assembly is arranged on a vertical element essentially in the plane of the at least one cross member, the fastening assembly being fastened in an assembly position in the building opening with the first or the second holding structure on the component and with the second or the first holding structure on the building side, wherein holding and bearing elements slide against one another in at least one direction and are supported against one another perpendicular to the frame plane.
- the holding element and the bearing element can be in the fixing position or the sliding position, with at least one fastening assembly preferably being in the decoupled sliding position.
- At least one fastening assembly is provided on opposite vertical frame elements, the fastening assemblies being arranged essentially in the plane of the cross member and at least one of the fastening assemblies being in the sliding position.
- a plurality of fastening assemblies each lying opposite one another in pairs, can also be provided on the vertical elements, with at least one another in each case one of the fastening assemblies arranged in a plane of the frame with a cross member is in the sliding position. That is to say, length compensation is possible at least in one direction, in that the bearing element and the associated holding element can be displaced relative to one another.
- a component assembly 10 is shown, with a component 12, in the embodiment shown here a window which has a frame 14 and a window element 16 held in this frame 14.
- the frame 14 is essentially rectangular and has an upper and a lower cross member 18 and two vertically extending vertical frame elements 20.
- the frame can also have further vertical frame elements 20 and / or cross members 18 which divide the frame 14 into several segments.
- This component assembly 10 is inserted into a building opening 22 in a wall 24 of a building.
- the frame 14 can be arranged in the plane of the wall 24, but it is also possible that it is located in front of the wall 24.
- "at the opening in the building” means any type of Arrangement of the component assembly 10, in which the building opening is closed by the component assembly 10.
- the wall 24 consists for example of concrete, steel and / or masonry or another suitable building material.
- the frame 14 consists for example of plastic, aluminum or another metal or of a combination of these building materials.
- the frame 14 is held on the wall opening with a plurality of fastening assemblies 28a to 28f, which act on the vertical frame elements 20, and with a plurality of fastening assemblies 30a and 30b, which act on the cross members 18.
- the fastening assemblies 28a to 28f are each arranged in pairs opposite one another, with fastening assemblies 28a, 28b, 28e, 28f being arranged in particular in the area of the cross members 18.
- a gap 26 is provided between frame 14 and wall 24, which is usually filled with an insulating foam or another suitable insulating or sealing material, which is preferably flexible.
- the mounting assemblies 28a, 28b, 28e and 28f or the wall 20 and the frame 24 are heavily loaded in these areas, particularly in the extension of the vertical frame elements 20 or the cross members 18.
- the fastening assemblies arranged in the extension of the vertical frame elements 20 or the crossbeams 18 act on the fastening assemblies due to the expansion of the crossbeams 18 and strong compressive forces through which the fastening assemblies penetrate the wall 24 or pressed into the frame 14 or pulled out of it in the event of a negative change in length.
- Frequent load changes for example due to temperature differences in day / night changes or due to seasonal temperature differences can lead to high stresses on the wall 24, the frame 14 or the fastening assembly, which in the case of the fastening assemblies previously used, in extreme cases, can lead to a loosening of the fastening assemblies in the wall 24 or in the frame 14.
- At least one of the fastening assemblies 28a, 28b as well as 28e and 28f enables length compensation, so that no loads can be transferred to the masonry via the fastening assemblies due to the temperature-related changes in length.
- This mounting assembly 28 consists of one in the Figures 3a to 3c illustrated bearing element 32 and a holding element 34 mounted in the bearing element 32, which is in the Figures 4a and 4b is shown.
- the bearing element 32 is fastened to the frame 14 and the holding element 34 is fastened to the building opening 22, but the reverse is also possible.
- the bearing element 32 and the holding element 34 are axially decoupled from one another in a sliding position and can thus move axially limited to one another in a sliding direction G, although they are already attached to the building or to the frame at the same time.
- the bearing element 32 and the holding element 34 are always connected to one another perpendicular to this sliding direction G, so that the frame 14 is always held at the building opening perpendicular to the plane of the building opening 22 or the frame 14.
- the holding element 34 and the bearing element 32 can be axially rigidly coupled to one another, so that the same fastening assembly 28 can be used for all fastening assemblies 28a to 28f. Depending on whether a rigid or a sliding bearing is desired, these can be moved into different positions with respect to one another.
- the bearing element 32 is constructed in the manner of a sleeve and has an outer holding structure 36, in this embodiment an external thread, with which the bearing element 32 can be fastened directly to the frame 14, that is to say screwed in.
- the external thread can be designed to be self-tapping for a plastic or aluminum frame, for example, but it is also conceivable that a corresponding internal thread is already provided on the frame 14.
- the bearing element 32 has an essentially circular-cylindrical sliding surface 40 starting from a first end 38.
- a tool holder 44 with a torque transmission profile is provided, to which a fixing region 46 is connected, which is formed by an internal thread.
- the holding element 34 is elongated and has a rear sliding area 48, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the sliding surface 40.
- a second fixing region 50 is provided, which is formed by an external thread corresponding to the internal thread of the first fixing region 46.
- an outside holding structure 52 is provided, which is also designed as an external thread.
- the outside holding structure 36 of the bearing element 32 and the outside holding structure 52 of the holding element 34 have the same orientation and the same slope, for example a slope of 2.7 mm.
- the threads of the fixing areas 46, 50 also have the same pitch and the same orientation, this preferably corresponding to the pitch and orientation of the holding structures 36, 52.
- a second tool holder is located at the end of the holding element 34 opposite the outside holding structure 52 54 is provided with a torque transmission profile, the diameter of this tool holder 54 being smaller than the diameter of the tool holder 44 of the bearing element 32.
- the holding element 34 is pushed into the bearing element 32 in a sliding direction G until the fixing regions 46, 50 bear against one another. Then the holding element 34 with the second fixing area 50 can be screwed into the first fixing area 46 of the bearing element 32 until corresponding stops 56, 58 on the bearing element 32 and on the holding element 34 abut one another (see in particular Figure 2c ).
- the holding element 34 can be moved relative to the bearing element 32 to a limited extent in the sliding direction G.
- the bearing element 32 and the holding element 34 are preferably in the in Figure 2b brought the fixing position shown, in which the fixing areas 46, 50 are in engagement with one another and the stops 56, 58 abut one another.
- the frame 14 can, however, also provisionally, for example by means of wedges, in the building opening 22 are fixed and then the recesses or recordings are made in a drilling process.
- a thread can already be present on the frame 14 or this thread is cut into the frame 14 by the holding structure 36 on the outside.
- the holding element 34 held in the bearing element 32 is used together with the bearing element 32 and fastened in the recess on the building opening 22, in particular screwed in. Since both outer holding structures 36, 52 have the same orientation and the same slope, they can be mounted together, in particular screwed in.
- FIG. 5a For screwing in, for example, the in Figure 5a tool 60a shown is used.
- This tool 60a has a first torque transmission structure 62a, which corresponds to the tool holder 44, and a second torque transmission structure 64a, which corresponds to the tool holder 54 of the holding element 34.
- the bearing element 32 and the holding element 34 are aligned such that the tool 60a can engage in both tool receptacles 44, 54.
- the holding element 34 is then screwed further into the building opening 22 or the wall 24 without further turning of the bearing element 32 until the holding element 34 is also in its final assembly position.
- the holding element 34 is screwed in only so far that the fixing areas 46, 50 are still in engagement with one another, or so far that they are no longer in engagement with one another and can be shifted against each other in the event of a temperature-related change in length of the frame 14. If a rigid connection is desired, no further rotation of the holding element 34 may be necessary.
- the same fastening assembly 28 can therefore be used both for the rigid fastening of the frame 14 and for flexible, sliding mounting in order to compensate for temperature-related changes in length.
- the decoupling of the retaining element 34 from the bearing element 32 only takes place after the mounting assembly 28 has been installed. It is therefore not possible to use a wrong mounting element or a wrong mounting assembly, since the same mounting assembly 28 is used at all fastening points.
- a tool can be used in which the first torque transmission structure 62 is mounted relative to the second torque transmission structure 64 displaceably in the longitudinal direction so that it can be pushed back if only the holding element 34 is to be rotated.
- FIGS Figures 6a and 6b An alternative embodiment of a fastening assembly according to the invention is shown in FIGS Figures 6a and 6b shown.
- the structure of this fastening assembly 28 essentially corresponds to that in FIG Figures 2 to 4 mounting assembly 28 shown.
- the fixing areas 46, 50 in this embodiment do not have a thread, but together form a bayonet lock.
- at least one groove 66 is provided on the inside of the bearing element 32, into which a projection 68 on the holding element 34 can engage.
- the holding element 34 and the bearing element 32 are coupled in both directions of rotation if the projection 68 is located in the groove 66.
- only a slight rotation through a significantly smaller angular range is required to decouple the holding element 34 from the bearing element 32, so that a faster decoupling of the bearing element 32 and the holding element 34 is possible.
- the groove on the holding element 34 and the projection on the bearing element 32 can be provided.
- the bearing element 32 can also be mounted on the part of the building and the holding element 34 on the frame side, which is not limited to any special variant of the invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Befestigung eines Rahmens in einer Gebäudeöffnung sowie eine Befestigungsbaugruppe zur Befestigung eines in einer Gebäudeöffnung anzuordnenden Rahmenelements an einem Gebäude und eine Bauelement-Baugruppe mit einem Bauelement, das in einer Gebäudeöffnung befestigt ist und einen Rahmen aufweist.The invention relates to a method for fastening a frame in a building opening and a fastening assembly for fastening a frame element to be arranged in a building opening on a building and a component assembly with a component which is fastened in a building opening and has a frame.
Gebäude unterliegen aufgrund der auf das Gebäude wirkenden Temperaturunterschiede Längenänderungen. Die Wände bzw. die tragenden Strukturen eines Gebäudes bestehen üblicherweise aus Mauerwerk, Beton und/oder Stahl oder einem anderen geeigneten Werkstoff. Die Rahmen für Fenster oder Türen, die in Gebäudeöffnungen dieser Gebäude eingesetzt werden, werden üblicherweise aus einem anderen Material, beispielsweise Kunststoff oder Metall, insbesondere aus Aluminium, hergestellt. Diese Rahmen weisen aufgrund dieser Materialwahl andere Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten auf als die Wände, in die diese Rahmen eingesetzt sind, sodass sich diese bei Temperaturschwankungen unterschiedlich ausdehnen. Zudem haben die Rahmen eine geringere Masse und können sich daher, beispielsweise bei direkter Sonneneinstrahlung, schneller an Temperaturänderungen anpassen als die Wände, sodass es auch bei gleicher Materialwahl zu unterschiedlichen Längenänderungen kommen kann.Buildings are subject to changes in length due to the temperature differences affecting the building. The walls or the load-bearing structures of a building usually consist of masonry, concrete and / or steel or another suitable material. The frames for windows or doors that are used in the building openings of these buildings are usually made of a different material, for example plastic or metal, in particular aluminum. Due to this choice of material, these frames have different coefficients of thermal expansion than the walls in which these frames are inserted, so that they expand differently in the event of temperature fluctuations. In addition, the frames have a lower mass and can therefore adapt to temperature changes more quickly than the walls, for example in direct sunlight, so that different changes in length can occur even with the same choice of material.
Befestigungsbaugruppen für solche Rahmen sollen den sicheren Halt des Rahmens senkrecht zur Ebene des Rahmens bzw. der Wand sicherstellen, sodass der Rahmen bei den auf das Gebäude wirkenden Beanspruchungen, beispielsweise Wind, sicher in der Gebäudeöffnung gehalten ist.Fastening assemblies for such frames should ensure the secure hold of the frame perpendicular to the plane of the frame or the wall, so that the frame is held securely in the building opening in the event of the loads acting on the building, for example wind.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind dazu beispielsweise Stellschrauben bekannt, die in der Wand verankert werden oder sich an dieser abstützen und in ein Gewinde im Rahmen eingreifen. Durch Drehen der Schraube relativ zu diesem Gewinde kann der Rahmen in der Gebäudeöffnung exakt ausgerichtet werden.For this purpose, for example, adjusting screws are known from the prior art, which are anchored in the wall or are supported on this and engage in a thread in the frame. By turning the screw relative to With this thread, the frame can be precisely aligned in the building opening.
Durch solche Schrauben wird der Rahmen allerdings vollständig in der Gebäudeöffnung eingespannt. Der Rahmen ist also sowohl in der Ebene des Rahmens wie auch senkrecht zu dieser Ebene in oder an der Gebäudeöffnung fixiert. Temperaturbedingten Ausdehnungen können nicht ausgeglichen werden, sodass es entweder zu hohen Belastungen des Rahmens, der Wand, der Schraube oder der Befestigung der Schraube in der Wand oder im Rahmen kommt. Häufige Temperaturwechsel können im Extremfall dazu führen, dass sich die Befestigung in der Wand löst, sodass der Rahmen nicht mehr ausreichend in der Gebäudeöffnung fixiert ist.Such screws, however, clamp the frame completely in the building opening. The frame is therefore fixed both in the plane of the frame and perpendicular to this plane in or on the building opening. Temperature-related expansions cannot be compensated, so that there is either high loads on the frame, the wall, the screw or the fastening of the screw in the wall or in the frame. In extreme cases, frequent temperature changes can lead to the fastening in the wall becoming detached, so that the frame is no longer adequately fixed in the building opening.
Um diese Temperaturausdehnungen auszugleichen, sind Gleitbolzen bekannt, die am Rahmen oder der Wand befestigt werden und in ein Loch in der Wand oder im Rahmen eingreifen. Bei einer Längenausdehnung des Rahmens kann der Gleitbolzen in das Gleitlager eintauchen und so die Temperaturausdehnungen ausgleichen.In order to compensate for this temperature expansion, sliding bolts are known which are fastened to the frame or the wall and engage in a hole in the wall or in the frame. If the frame expands in length, the slide bolt can dip into the slide bearing and thus compensate for the temperature expansion.
Zusätzlich zu diesen Gleitbolzen sind aber auch fixierte Befestigungspunkte erforderlich, um den Rahmen stabil in der Gebäudeöffnung zu halten. Somit sind verschiedene Befestigungsmittel, nämlich gleitende und starre, erforderlich, die jeweils verschiedene Aufnahmen am Rahmen und der Wand benötigen. Der Herstellungs- und Montageaufwand steigt also, da die Aufnahmen am Rahmen und an der Wand jeweils speziell auf ein starres oder ein gleitendes Lager abgestimmt werden müssen.In addition to these sliding bolts, however, fixed fastening points are also required in order to keep the frame stable in the building opening. Thus, different fastening means, namely sliding and rigid, are required, each of which requires different receptacles on the frame and the wall. The manufacturing and assembly costs increase because the mounts on the frame and on the wall have to be specially adapted to a rigid or a sliding bearing.
Aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Befestigung eines Rahmens in einer Wand bereitzustellen, wobei der Rahmen zur Kompensation von temperaturbedingten Längenausdehnungen des Rahmens zumindest abschnittsweise in der Ebene des Rahmens begrenzt beweglich am Gebäude gelagert ist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es des Weiteren, eine universell verwendbare Befestigungsbaugruppe für einen Rahmen bereitzustellen, die eine Kompensation von temperaturbedingten Längenausdehnungen des Rahmens ermöglicht. Ferner ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Bauelement-Baugruppe mit einem Bauelement bereitzustellen, das in eine Gebäudeöffnung eingesetzt werden kann und einen Rahmen aufweist, wobei temperaturbedingte Längenänderungen des Rahmens ausgeglichen werden sollen.The object of the invention is to provide an improved method for fastening a frame in a wall, the frame being mounted on the building so as to compensate for temperature-related linear expansion of the frame, at least in sections in the plane of the frame. The object of the invention is furthermore to provide a universally usable fastening assembly for a frame, which enables a compensation of temperature-related linear expansions of the frame. A further object of the invention is to provide a component assembly with a component which can be inserted into a building opening and has a frame, wherein temperature-related changes in length of the frame are to be compensated for.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist ein Verfahren zur Befestigung eines Rahmens in einer Gebäudeöffnung gemäß Anspruch 1 vorgesehen, wobei der Rahmen zur Kompensation von temperaturbedingten Längenausdehnungen des Rahmens zumindest abschnittsweise in der Ebene des Rahmens begrenzt beweglich am Gebäude gelagert ist.To achieve the object, a method for fastening a frame in a building opening is provided according to claim 1, the frame being mounted on the building so as to compensate for temperature-related linear expansions of the frame at least in sections in the plane of the frame.
Erfindungsgemäß werden also nur genau zwei Bauteile verwendet, die relativ zueinander beweglich sind, nämlich ein Halteelement sowie ein diesem zugeordnetes Lagerelement. Eines dieser Bauteile wird am Rahmen und das andere an der Gebäudeöffnung befestigt. Eine Bewegung des Rahmens relativ zur Gebäudeöffnung wird durch eine Bewegung des Halteelements relativ zum Lagerelement ausgeglichen, sodass zwischen Rahmen oder Gebäudeöffnung und Halteelement beziehungsweise Lagerelement keine Bewegung erfolgt. Auf die Befestigung des Lagerelement und des Halteelement im Rahmen oder am Gebäude können keine zusätzlichen Belastungen durch Längenänderungen wirken. Da Lager- und Halteelement aneinander gleiten, tritt keine die Funktion beeinträchtigende Abnutzung im Laufe der Zeit auf.According to the invention, only exactly two components are used which are movable relative to one another, namely a holding element and a bearing element assigned to it. One of these components is attached to the frame and the other to the opening in the building. A movement of the frame relative to the building opening is compensated for by a movement of the holding element relative to the bearing element, so that there is no movement between the frame or building opening and the holding element or bearing element. No additional loads due to changes in length can act on the fastening of the bearing element and the holding element in the frame or on the building. Since the bearing and holding element slide against one another, there is no wear and tear that would impair their function over time.
Seitlich zu der vorgenannten Richtung in der Ebene des Rahmens, die auch Verschieberichtung genannt werden kann, wird das Halteelement in allen Richtungen in einer Ebene, die senkrecht zur Verschieberichtung steht, abgestützt, weil das Lagerelement diesbezüglich als Lager für das Haltelement fungiert.Laterally to the aforementioned direction in the plane of the frame, which can also be called the direction of displacement, the holding element is in all directions in a plane that is perpendicular to the direction of displacement, supported because the bearing element functions as a bearing for the holding element in this regard.
Die Aufnahmen am Rahmen sowie an der Gebäudeöffnung können beispielsweise den bisher verwendeten Aufnahmen (üblicherweise einfache Löcher, in der Leibung mit Dübel versehen) entsprechen, sodass weder am Rahmen noch an der Gebäudeöffnung spezielle Aufnahmen, insbesondere Gleitlager, vorgesehen sein müssen. Insbesondere können die Aufnahmen am Rahmen sowie an der Gebäudeöffnung so ausgebildet sein, dass statt eines Halteelements bzw. eines Lagerelements auch die bisher verwendeten Befestigungsschrauben, insbesondere Fixierschrauben, gegebenenfalls mit einem Adapter, eingesetzt werden können, sodass der Rahmen über solche Befestigungsschrauben punktuell fixiert werden kann und nur in Bereichen, in denen mit temperaturausdehnungsbedingten Spannungen zu rechnen ist, eine Befestigung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erfolgt.The receptacles on the frame and on the building opening can, for example, correspond to the receptacles previously used (usually simple holes, provided with dowels in the reveal), so that special receptacles, in particular slide bearings, do not have to be provided either on the frame or on the building opening. In particular, the receptacles on the frame and on the building opening can be designed so that instead of a retaining element or a bearing element, the previously used fastening screws, in particular fixing screws, optionally with an adapter, can be used so that the frame can be fixed at certain points using such fastening screws and only in areas in which stresses caused by thermal expansion are to be expected, fastening with the method according to the invention takes place.
Um die Montage der Baugruppe zu erleichtern, sind das Halteelement und das Lagerelement während des Befestigens am Rahmen und am Gebäude miteinander gekoppelt. Diese werden also gemeinsam eingesetzt, sodass eine Ausrichtung des Halteelements und des Lagerelements zueinander vor der Montage erfolgen kann, wodurch das Montageverfahren deutlich beschleunigt werden kann.In order to facilitate the assembly of the assembly, the holding element and the bearing element are coupled to one another during the fastening to the frame and to the building. These are therefore used together so that the holding element and the bearing element can be aligned with one another prior to assembly, whereby the assembly process can be significantly accelerated.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens sind das Halteelement und das Lagerelement während des Befestigens am Rahmen und am Gebäude starr aneinander gehalten, vorzugsweise so starr, dass diese nicht in der Ebene des Rahmens und/oder der Gebäudeöffnung relativ zueinander verschoben werden können, also die Gleitfunktion während der Montage blockiert ist. Dadurch können das Lagerelement und das Halteelement gemeinsam, beispielsweise mit einem gemeinsamen Werkzeug, eingesetzt werden, sodass der Montageaufwand deutlich geringer ist und die Montagezeit zusätzlich verkürzt werden kann.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the holding element and the bearing element are rigidly held together during fastening to the frame and to the building, preferably so rigidly that they cannot be displaced relative to one another in the plane of the frame and / or the building opening, i.e. the sliding function blocked during assembly. As a result, the bearing element and the holding element can be used together, for example with a common tool, so that the assembly effort is significantly lower and the assembly time can also be shortened.
Insbesondere werden Haltelement und Lagerelement durch ein gemeinsames Werkzeug gemeinsam eingeschraubt, weil sie bei der Montage starr miteinander in Eindrehrichtung gekoppelt sind. Das Haltelement ist folglich als Schraube und das Lagerelement als mit Außengewinde versehene Hülse ausgebildet, wobei die Schraube in die Hülse ragt und in diesem Bereich mit der Hülse in Eindrehrichtung unmittelbar miteinander gekoppelt sind.In particular, the holding element and the bearing element are screwed in together using a common tool because they are rigidly coupled to one another in the screwing direction during assembly. The holding element is consequently designed as a screw and the bearing element as a sleeve provided with an external thread, the The screw protrudes into the sleeve and is directly coupled to one another in this area with the sleeve in the screwing direction.
Die Baugruppe wird insbesondere in miteinander fluchtende Öffnungen im Rahmen und dem Gebäude (Fenster- oder Türleibung) eingeschraubt, wobei das Haltelement in das Gebäude und das Lagerelement in den Rahmen geschraubt und in ihrem zugehörigen Teil (Rahmen bzw. Leibung) damit gegen Verschieben in Axialrichtung (Verschieberichtung) gesichert sind, d.h. fest in ihrem zugehörigen Teil verankert sind. Anschließend werden durch Verdrehen des Lagerelements und Halteelements relativ zueinander das Lagerelement und das Halteelement nur in Axialrichtung voneinander entkoppelt. Radial zur Axialrichtung, und zwar in allen radialen Richtungen, wird das Haltelement im Lagerelement weiterhin geführt und zwar im Umfang der technisch erforderlichen Toleranzen spielfrei, so dass natürlich der Rahmen im Gebäude nicht wackeln kann. In diesem Zustand mit axialer Beweglichkeit sind aber Haltelement und Lagerelement nach wie vor fest in dem jeweiligen Teil (Rahmen und Gebäude) gegen Herausziehen gehalten und fixiert aufgrund der Gewinde an ihren außenseitigen Umfangsflächen. In einer Weiterbildung dieses Verfahrens werden das Halteelement und das Lagerelement nach dem Befestigen am Rahmen bzw. am Gebäude relativ zueinander bewegt, insbesondere gedreht, und durch diese Relativbewegung voneinander axial entkoppelt, sodass diese anschließend in der Ebene des Rahmens, d.h. in der Verschieberichtung, begrenzt zueinander beweglich, insbesondere gleitend beweglich sind. Das Lagerelement und das Halteelement werden also gemeinsam als zusammenhängende Baugruppe montiert, wobei das Halteelement und das Lagerelement temporär starr aneinander gehalten sind. Dies erleichtert die Montage der beiden Bauteile. Erst wenn beide Bauteile montiert sind, werden diese durch eine relative Bewegung des Halteelements und des Lagerelements zueinander entkoppelt, sodass diese axial begrenzt zueinander beweglich sind, der Rahmen aber senkrecht zur Ebene des Rahmens bzw. des Gebäudes sicher gehalten ist. Alternativ ist es denkbar, dass beide Bauteile gemeinsam montiert werden, bis eines der Bauteile seine Einbauposition erreicht hat. Anschließend wird das jeweils andere Bauteil relativ zu diesem bewegt, wobei gleichzeitig beide Bauteile voneinander entkoppelt werden und das zweite Bauteil in seine endgültige Position bewegt wird. Das Entkoppeln kann beispielsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass die beiden Teile relativ zueinander in oder entgegen der Eindrehrichtung verdreht werden, um die in Eindrehrichtung wirkende Koppelung zu lösen. Durch das Entkoppeln bleibt die im Bereich der Toleranzen spielfreie Gleitlagerfunktion des Lagerelements erhalten, aber die Verschiebemöglichkeit in Verschieberichtung (entspricht Axialrichtung bei Schraube und Hülse) wird jetzt ermöglicht.In particular, the assembly is screwed into aligned openings in the frame and the building (window or door reveal), with the retaining element screwed into the building and the bearing element screwed into the frame and, in its associated part (frame or reveal), against displacement in the axial direction (Direction of movement) are secured, ie are firmly anchored in their associated part. Then, by rotating the bearing element and holding element relative to one another, the bearing element and the holding element are only decoupled from one another in the axial direction. Radially to the axial direction, specifically in all radial directions, the holding element is still guided in the bearing element and free of play within the scope of the technically required tolerances, so that of course the frame cannot wobble in the building. In this state with axial mobility, however, the holding element and the bearing element are still firmly held in the respective part (frame and building) against being pulled out and are fixed on their outer circumferential surfaces due to the thread. In a further development of this method, the holding element and the bearing element are moved relative to one another after being attached to the frame or the building, in particular rotated, and axially decoupled from one another by this relative movement so that they are then limited in the plane of the frame, ie in the direction of displacement mutually movable, in particular are slidably movable. The bearing element and the holding element are thus assembled together as a cohesive assembly, the holding element and the bearing element being temporarily rigidly held against one another. This facilitates the assembly of the two components. Only when both components are mounted are they decoupled from one another by a relative movement of the holding element and the bearing element, so that they are axially limited to one another, but the frame is securely held perpendicular to the plane of the frame or the building. Alternatively, it is conceivable that both components are assembled together until one of the components has reached its installation position. The other component is then moved relative to it, with both components being decoupled from one another at the same time and the second component being moved into its final position. The decoupling can take place, for example, in that the two parts are relatively be rotated to each other in or against the screwing direction in order to release the coupling acting in the screwing direction. As a result of the decoupling, the plain bearing function of the bearing element, which is free of play in the area of the tolerances, is retained, but the possibility of displacement in the displacement direction (corresponds to the axial direction for screw and sleeve) is now made possible.
Vorzugsweise wird der Rahmen mit einer Vielzahl von Halteelementen und zugeordneten Lagerelementen am Gebäude befestigt, wobei zumindest ein Halteelement und das zugeordnete Lagerelement in der Ebene des Rahmens begrenzt zueinander beweglich, insbesondere gleitend beweglich sind. Insbesondere sind die Halteelemente und die zugeordneten Lagerelemente nur an einem vertikalen Rahmenteil vorhanden und das gegenüberliegende Rahmenteil ist nicht beweglich in der Gebäudeöffnung befestigt.The frame is preferably fastened to the building with a plurality of holding elements and associated bearing elements, at least one holding element and the associated bearing element being limitedly movable relative to one another in the plane of the frame, in particular slidingly movable. In particular, the holding elements and the associated bearing elements are only present on a vertical frame part and the opposite frame part is not movably attached in the building opening.
Bei einem Rahmen treten die größten Spannungen aufgrund von temperaturbedingten Längenausdehnungen im Bereich von vertikalen oder horizontalen Rahmenelementen auf. Der Rahmen bzw. die Querträger des Rahmens sind erfindungsgemäß einseitig starr gelagert bzw. fixiert und auf der jeweils anderen Seite beweglich gelagert, sodass temperaturbedingte Längenänderungen ausgleichen werden können. Durch die starre Befestigung eines gegenüberliegenden Rahmenteils bzw. eines Endes eines Querträgers ist ein sicherer Halt des Rahmens in der Gebäudeöffnung möglich. Eine entsprechende horizontale Lagerung ist ebenfalls möglich. Durch die seitliche Befestigung des Rahmens ist aber eine untere oder obere starre Befestigung des Rahmens in oder an der Gebäudeöffnung ausreichend, über die optional die vertikale Position des Rahmens eingestellt werden kann.In a frame, the greatest stresses occur due to temperature-related linear expansion in the area of vertical or horizontal frame elements. According to the invention, the frame or the cross members of the frame are rigidly mounted or fixed on one side and movably mounted on the other side so that temperature-related changes in length can be compensated for. The rigid attachment of an opposite frame part or one end of a cross member enables the frame to be securely held in the building opening. Corresponding horizontal storage is also possible. However, because the frame is fastened to the side, a lower or upper rigid fastening of the frame in or on the building opening is sufficient, via which the vertical position of the frame can optionally be adjusted.
Vorzugsweise werden das Halteelement und das Lagerelement in den Rahmen bzw. in das Gebäude eingeschraubt, sodass eine schnelle Befestigung am Gebäude und am Rahmen möglich ist. Alternativ können auch andere bekannte Befestigungsmethoden verwendet werden.The holding element and the bearing element are preferably screwed into the frame or into the building, so that quick attachment to the building and the frame is possible. Alternatively, other known fastening methods can also be used.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist des Weiteren eine Befestigungsbaugruppe zur Befestigung eines in einer Gebäudeöffnung anzuordnenden Rahmenelements an einem Gebäude vorgesehen, wobei der Rahmen zur Kompensation von temperaturbedingten Längenausdehnungen des Rahmens zumindest abschnittsweise in der Ebene der Gebäudeöffnung begrenzt beweglich an der Gebäudeöffnung gelagert ist. Insbesondere ist die Befestigungsbaugruppe zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet. Die Befestigungsbaugruppe hat ein Halteelement und ein Lagerelement, wobei das Halteelement eine außenseitige, insbesondere umfangsseitig vorgesehene Haltestruktur zur rahmenseitigen oder gebäudeseitigen Befestigung aufweist, und das Lagerelement eine zweite außenseitige, insbesondere umfangsseitig vorgesehene Haltestruktur zur gebäudeseitigen oder rahmenseitigen Befestigung aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß sind am Lagerelement und am Halteelement zusammenwirkende Fixierbereiche vorgesehen, die ein wahlweises axiales Koppeln und Entkoppeln des Halteelements und des Lagerelements erlauben, wobei in einer Gleitposition das Halteelement und das Lagerelement relativ zueinander axial entkoppelt sind und in einer Gleitrichtung begrenzt zueinander beweglich sowie senkrecht zu dieser Gleitrichtung vorzugsweise wie oben im Zusammenhang mit dem Verfahren erwähnt, in allen radialen Richtungen gleichermaßen spielfrei miteinander verbunden sind.To achieve the object, a fastening assembly is also provided for fastening a frame element to be arranged in a building opening on a building, the frame being movable to a limited extent at least in sections in the plane of the building opening to compensate for temperature-related linear expansion of the frame Building opening is stored. In particular, the fastening assembly is suitable for carrying out a method according to the invention. The fastening assembly has a holding element and a bearing element, the holding element having an outside, in particular circumferential, holding structure for frame-side or building-side fastening, and the bearing element having a second outside, in particular circumferential, holding structure for building-side or frame-side fastening. According to the invention, cooperating fixing areas are provided on the bearing element and on the holding element, which allow optional axial coupling and decoupling of the holding element and the bearing element, the holding element and the bearing element being axially decoupled relative to one another in a sliding position and being limitedly movable to one another in a sliding direction and perpendicular to this Sliding direction preferably as mentioned above in connection with the method, are connected to one another without play in all radial directions.
Aufgrund der Haltestrukturen sind keine weiteren Befestigungsmittel wie zusätzliche Schrauben, Nägel ect. nötig, denn die Haltestrukturen sind dazu da, einerseits in das Gebäude und andererseits in den Rahmen einzudringen und damit im entsprechenden Teil verankert zu werden. Insbesondere sind die Haltestrukturen Außengewinde.Due to the holding structures, no further fasteners such as additional screws, nails etc. are required. necessary, because the support structures are there to penetrate into the building on the one hand and into the frame on the other, and thus to be anchored in the corresponding part. In particular, the holding structures are external threads.
Die oben im Zusammenhang mit dem Verfahren erwähnten Merkmale sind gleichermaßen bei der erfindungsgemäßen Baugruppe optional vorhanden. So hat die erfindungsgemäße Baugruppe vorzugsweise genau zwei Teile, so dass keine weiteren Befestigungsteile benötigt werden mit denen die Baugruppe einerseits gebäudeseitig und andererseits Rahmenseitig befestigt werden können. Die dazu nötigen Haltestrukturen sind bereits einstückiger Bestandteil von Lagerungselement und Haltelement.The features mentioned above in connection with the method are likewise optionally present in the assembly according to the invention. The assembly according to the invention preferably has exactly two parts, so that no further fastening parts are required with which the assembly can be fastened on the building side on the one hand and on the frame side on the other. The holding structures required for this are already an integral part of the bearing element and the holding element.
Die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsbaugruppe ermöglicht einen Einsatz für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, um in der Gleitposition eine Gleitlagerung für einen Rahmen an oder in einer Gebäudeöffnung zur Kompensation von temperaturbedingten Längenänderungen bereitzustellen. Andererseits ist auch in der gekoppelten Stellung eine starre Befestigung des Rahmens möglich.The fastening assembly according to the invention enables the method according to the invention to be used in order to provide, in the sliding position, a sliding bearing for a frame on or in a building opening to compensate for temperature-related changes in length. On the other hand, rigid attachment of the frame is also possible in the coupled position.
Bisher werden zur Befestigung eines Rahmens verschiedene Befestigungsmittel verwendet, die entweder starr sind oder eine Gleitfunktion bereitstellen. Es müssen also zwei verschiedene Arten Befestigungsmittel bereitgehalten und auch gelagert werden. Zudem muss vor der Montage festgelegt werden, welches dieser beiden Befestigungsmittel an welche Positionen des Rahmen verwendet werden sollen. Dies erfordert entsprechende Vorbereitungen der Aufnahmen am Rahmen oder der Gebäudeöffnung.So far, various fastening means have been used to fasten a frame, which either are rigid or provide a sliding function. So two different types of fasteners have to be kept ready and also stored. In addition, it must be determined before assembly which of these two fasteners should be used at which positions on the frame. This requires appropriate preparations for the recordings on the frame or the building opening.
Werden standardisierte Aufnahmen verwendet, ist es aber zudem bei der Montage des Rahmens möglich, dass falsche Befestigungsmittel verwendet werden, wodurch die Kompensation von Temperaturausdehnungen gegebenenfalls nicht wie gewünscht erfolgen kann, sodass ein aufwändiger Austausch der Befestigungsmittel erforderlich ist.If standardized recordings are used, however, it is also possible during the assembly of the frame that wrong fastening means are used, whereby the compensation of temperature expansions may not take place as desired, so that a complex replacement of the fastening means is necessary.
Die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsbaugruppe kann anstelle beider Befestigungsmittel verwendet werden, wobei nach der Montage an den benötigten Stellen das Halteelement und das Lagerelement in die Gleitposition bewegt werden, sodass diese relativ zueinander beweglich sind und temperaturbedingte Längenänderungen ausgleichen können. Es wird also eine universelle Befestigungsbaugruppe bereitgestellt, die sowohl ein Gleitlager wie auch eine starre Befestigung bereitstellen kann, wobei eine einfache und schnelle Umstellung zwischen diesen Funktionen möglich ist. De Fehleranfälligkeit bei der Montage kann so deutlich reduziert werden.The fastening assembly according to the invention can be used instead of both fastening means, the holding element and the bearing element being moved into the sliding position after assembly at the required points so that they can move relative to one another and compensate for temperature-related changes in length. A universal fastening assembly is thus provided which can provide both a slide bearing and a rigid fastening, with a simple and quick changeover between these functions being possible. The susceptibility to errors during assembly can thus be significantly reduced.
Vorzugsweise sind das Halteelement und das Lagerelement von der Fixierposition in die Gleitposition relativ zueinander bewegbar, insbesondere drehbar, um das Halteelement und das Lagerelement voneinander zu entkoppeln. Dies ermöglicht ein einfaches Entkoppeln nach Erreichen der endgültigen Einbauposition des Halteelements und des Lagerelements.The holding element and the bearing element are preferably movable relative to one another from the fixing position into the sliding position, in particular rotatable, in order to decouple the holding element and the bearing element from one another. This enables a simple decoupling after reaching the final installation position of the holding element and the bearing element.
Vorzugsweise ist das Lagerelement eine Hülse, wobei die Haltestruktur außenseitig, d.h. am Umfang an der Hülse vorgesehen ist, insbesondere als Außengewinde. Das Halteelement ist in dieser Ausführungsform vorzugsweise länglich ausgebildet, z.B. als Schraube, und in der Hülse gehalten.The bearing element is preferably a sleeve, the holding structure being provided on the outside, i.e. on the circumference of the sleeve, in particular as an external thread. In this embodiment, the holding element is preferably elongated, for example as a screw, and is held in the sleeve.
Zwischen Schraube und Hülse sind die zusammenwirkenden Fixierbereiche vorhanden. Eine erste Variante sieht Fixierbereiche in Form zumindest eines Vorsprungs vor, der in eine Ausnehmung am anderen der beiden Teile eindringt. Es sind dabei keine Zusatzteile erforderlich, denn die Fixierbereiche sind einstückig an- oder ausgeformte Abschnitte an der Hülse und an der Schraube. Die Fixierbereiche werden z.B. durch ineinandergreifende Gewinde oder einen Bajonettverschluß gebildet, allgemein also durch zumindest einen Vorsprung an einem der beiden Teile (Lagerelement und Haltelement), der in eine Ausnehmung des anderen eindringt, wenn die Teile miteinander eingeschraubt werden (gekoppelte Position), wobei der Vorsprung in Gleitposition in Umfangsrichtung von dem anderen Teil axial entkoppelt ist. Eine zweite Variante siehr vor, dass Haltelement und Gleitelement auf ihren in die gleiche Richtung weisenden Stirnseiten je eine Drehmomentübertragungsstruktur haben, so dass ein Drehantrieb gleichzeitig in beide Drehmomentübertragungsstrukturen eingreifen kann, um Lagerelement und Halteelement beim Eindrehen in Rahmen und Gebäude miteinander temporär in Umfangsrichtung zu koppeln. Nach dem Herausziehen kann das Haltelement im Lagerelement axial gleiten, weil das buchsenartige Lagerelement innenseitig nicht mit dem Llagerelement verbunden ist.The interacting fixing areas are present between the screw and the sleeve. A first variant sees fixing areas in the form of at least one Projection that penetrates into a recess on the other of the two parts. No additional parts are required, because the fixing areas are integrally molded or molded sections on the sleeve and on the screw. The fixing areas are formed, for example, by interlocking threads or a bayonet lock, i.e. generally by at least one projection on one of the two parts (bearing element and retaining element), which penetrates into a recess of the other when the parts are screwed together (coupled position) Projection is axially decoupled from the other part in the sliding position in the circumferential direction. A second variant provides that the holding element and sliding element each have a torque transmission structure on their end faces pointing in the same direction, so that a rotary drive can simultaneously engage in both torque transmission structures in order to temporarily couple the bearing element and the holding element with one another in the circumferential direction when they are screwed into the frame and building . After being pulled out, the holding element can slide axially in the bearing element because the sleeve-like bearing element is not connected to the bearing element on the inside.
Wenn das Lagerelement eine Gewindehülse und das Halteelement eine Schraube (vorzugsweise ohne seitlich abstehendem Kopf) und diese mit einem . Gewinde als Fixierbereiche miteinander gekoppelt sind, ist das die beiden teile koppelnde Gewinde insbesondere vom Außengewinde an der Schraube, mit der diese ins Gebäude oder den Rahmen eingedreht wird, räumlich beabstandet und separiert. Die beiden Gewinde an der Schraube haben ferner vorzugsweise eine unterschiedliche Steigung und/oder eine unterschiedliche Drehrichtung.If the bearing element has a threaded sleeve and the retaining element is a screw (preferably without a laterally protruding head) and this with a. Threads are coupled to one another as fixing areas, the thread coupling the two parts is in particular spatially spaced and separated from the external thread on the screw with which it is screwed into the building or the frame. The two threads on the screw also preferably have a different pitch and / or a different direction of rotation.
In Längsrichtung ragt das Halteelement mit einem ersten Ende, an dem dessen Haltestruktur vorgesehen ist, aus der ersten Öffnung der Hülse. Das Halteelement ist also in der Gleitposition in der Hülse gleitend gelagert, sodass dieses in axialer Richtung beweglich, senkrecht zu dieser axialen Richtung, also senkrecht zur Ebene des Rahmens und/oder Gebäudeöffnung, sicher gehalten und in der gekoppelten Position in der Hülse fixiert ist.In the longitudinal direction, the holding element protrudes from the first opening of the sleeve with a first end at which the holding structure is provided. The holding element is thus slidably mounted in the sleeve in the sliding position, so that it is movably in the axial direction, perpendicular to this axial direction, i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the frame and / or building opening, securely held and fixed in the sleeve in the coupled position.
In dieser Ausführungsform können die Fixierbereiche durch ein Innengewinde in der Aufnahme der Hülse und ein an einem Abschnitt des Halteelements vorgesehenes, zum Innengewinde korrespondierendes Außengewinde gebildet sein. Das Innengewinde und das Außengewinde sind in der Fixierposition in Eingriff. In der Gleitposition greifen diese nicht ineinander ein und sind in Längsrichtung des Lagerelements hintereinander angeordnet. Das Halteelement und das Lagerelement werden entkoppelt, indem das Außengewinde des Halteelements aus dem Innengewinde des Lagerelements herausgedreht wird. Beide Elemente werden beispielsweise zur Montage gemeinsam eingedreht, bis eines der Elemente seine Einbauposition erreicht hat. Anschließend wird das andere Element weiter gedreht oder zurückgedreht, bis die Fixierbereiche voneinander entkoppelt sind und das andere Element ebenfalls seine endgültige Position erreicht hat.In this embodiment, the fixing areas can be formed by an internal thread in the receptacle of the sleeve and an external thread which is provided on a section of the holding element and corresponds to the internal thread be. The internal thread and the external thread are in engagement in the fixing position. In the sliding position, these do not interlock and are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the bearing element. The holding element and the bearing element are decoupled in that the external thread of the holding element is unscrewed from the internal thread of the bearing element. Both elements are screwed in together, for example for assembly, until one of the elements has reached its installation position. The other element is then rotated further or rotated back until the fixing areas are decoupled from one another and the other element has also reached its final position.
Vorzugsweise ist das Außengewinde an einem der Haltestruktur entgegengesetzten zweiten Ende des Halteelements und das Innengewinde abschnittsweise innenseitig in der Hülse ausgebildet, sodass das Halteelement aus der Hülse herausgedreht wird, um das Innengewinde und das Außengewinde voneinander zu lösen. Dadurch wird das Halteelement beim Drehen in die Gleitposition auf das jeweils andere Bauteil zu bzw. in dieses eingeschraubt. Insbesondere ist das Innengewinde an der der ersten Öffnung gegenüberliegenden zweiten Öffnung der Hülse beginnend angeordnet.The external thread is preferably formed on a second end of the holding element opposite the holding structure and the internal thread is formed in sections on the inside of the sleeve, so that the holding element is screwed out of the sleeve in order to detach the internal thread and the external thread from one another. As a result, the holding element is screwed towards or into the other component when it is turned into the sliding position. In particular, the internal thread is arranged starting at the second opening of the sleeve opposite the first opening.
Statt eines Innen- und eines Außengewindes in klassischer Form können die Fixierelemente auch einen Bajonettverschluss bilden, der auch eine Art Gewinde darstellt, wobei auf der Innenseite der Hülse oder auf der Außenseite des Halteelements zumindest eine Nut vorgesehen ist und auf der Außenseite des Halteelements oder auf der Innenseite der Hülse zumindest ein Vorsprung vorgesehen ist, der in der Fixierposition in der Nut gehalten ist. Durch einen solchen Bajonettverschluss ist eine Entkoppelung bzw. eine Koppelung des Halteelements und des Lagerelements durch eine Drehung um einen sehr geringeren Winkelbereich möglich. Um einen sicheren Halt der Gewinde zu gewährleisten, müssen solche Gewinde über mindestens einen Gewindegang, vorzugsweise über mehrere Umdrehungen, ineinandergreifen, während bei einem Bajonettverschluss eine Drehung um geringeren Winkelbereich, beispielsweise weniger als 90°, ausreichend ist, um diesen zu lösen.Instead of an internal and an external thread in the classic form, the fixing elements can also form a bayonet lock, which also represents a type of thread, with at least one groove being provided on the inside of the sleeve or on the outside of the holding element and on the outside of the holding element or on the inside of the sleeve is provided at least one projection which is held in the fixing position in the groove. A bayonet lock of this type enables the retaining element and the bearing element to be decoupled or coupled by rotating them through a very small angular range. In order to ensure a secure hold of the thread, such threads must interlock over at least one thread turn, preferably over several turns, while with a bayonet catch a turn through a smaller angular range, for example less than 90 °, is sufficient to loosen it.
Um das Halteelement und das Lagerelement gemeinsam einschrauben zu können, sind die Fixierbereiche in einer Drehrichtung vorzugsweise miteinander gekoppelt, sodass bei einem Drehantrieb eines der Halte- und Lagerelemente das andere mitgedreht wird und bei einem Antrieb in Gegenrichtung Halte- und Lagerelement voneinander entkoppelt werden. Dies erleichtert das Eindrehen der Elemente, da nur an einem der beiden Bauteile ein Drehmomentübertragungsprofil vorgesehen sein muss.In order to be able to screw in the holding element and the bearing element together, the fixing areas are preferably one with the other in one direction of rotation coupled, so that in the case of a rotary drive one of the holding and bearing elements is rotated along with the other, and in the case of a drive in the opposite direction, the holding and bearing element are decoupled from one another. This makes it easier to screw in the elements, since a torque transmission profile only needs to be provided on one of the two components.
Bei ineinandergreifenden Innen- und Außengewinden kann diese Koppelung durch einen axialen Anschlag am Innengewinde gebildet sein. Bei einem Bajonettverschluss kann eine solche Koppelung durch die Ausrichtung der Nut erfolgen.In the case of interlocking internal and external threads, this coupling can be formed by an axial stop on the internal thread. In the case of a bayonet lock, such a coupling can take place through the alignment of the groove.
Vorzugsweise ist an einem dem ersten Ende gegenüberliegenden zweiten Ende des Halteelements eine Werkzeugaufnahme mit einem Drehmomentübertragungsprofil vorgesehen.A tool holder with a torque transmission profile is preferably provided at a second end of the holding element opposite the first end.
Insbesondere ist an der Hülse, zum Beispiel an der zweiten Öffnung eine zweite Werkzeugaufnahme mit einem Drehmomentübertragungsprofil vorgesehen. Es sind also an beiden Elementen Drehmomentübertragungsprofile vorgesehen, sodass auch ein gleichzeitiger Antrieb beider Elemente möglich ist, beispielsweise, wenn keine Koppelung der Elemente unmittelbar in Drehrichtung vorgesehen ist, sondern die Koppelung über das Werkzeug für den Drehantrieb erfolgt. Diese Drehmomentübertragungsprofile können beispielsweise jeweils durch ein Inbus-, Torx- und/oder Vielzahnprofil gebildet sein. Insbesondere können verschiedene Drehmomentübertragungsprofile verwendet werden.In particular, a second tool holder with a torque transmission profile is provided on the sleeve, for example on the second opening. Torque transmission profiles are therefore provided on both elements so that a simultaneous drive of both elements is also possible, for example if the elements are not coupled directly in the direction of rotation, but instead the coupling takes place via the tool for the rotary drive. These torque transmission profiles can each be formed, for example, by an Allen, Torx and / or multi-tooth profile. In particular, different torque transmission profiles can be used.
Die Werkzeugaufnahme des Halteelements ist beispielsweise in der Fixierposition in der Hülse gegenüber der zweiten Öffnung versenkt, vorzugsweise mindestens so weit, dass die Werkzeugaufnahme in der Hülse frei ist und ein Werkzeug in diese eingreifen kann.The tool holder of the holding element is, for example, sunk in the fixing position in the sleeve opposite the second opening, preferably at least so far that the tool holder is free in the sleeve and a tool can engage in it.
Vorzugsweise weist ein Werkzeug für eine solche Befestigungsbaugruppe zwei Drehmomentübertragungsprofile auf, wobei das Drehmomentübertragungsprofil für das Lagerelement gegenüber dem Drehmomentübertragungsprofil des Halteelements vorsteht, sodass beide gleichzeitig in die jeweiligen Werkzeugaufnahmen eingreifen können.A tool for such a fastening assembly preferably has two torque transmission profiles, the torque transmission profile for the bearing element protruding from the torque transmission profile of the holding element so that both can engage in the respective tool receptacles at the same time.
Um beide, mit Außengewinde versehenen Elemente gleichzeitig einschrauben zu können, weisen vorzugsweise die erste und die zweite Haltestruktur Außengewinde mit der gleichen Orientierung und Steigung auf.In order to be able to screw in both elements provided with external threads at the same time, the first and the second holding structure preferably have external threads with the same orientation and pitch.
Zumindest eines dieser Gewinde kann beispielsweise ein selbstschneidendes Gewinde sein.At least one of these threads can be a self-tapping thread, for example.
Das Halteelement ist beispielsweise aus Metall, insbesondere aus Zink, Aluminium oder Edelstahl und das Lagerelement aus Metall, insbesondere aus Zink, Aluminium oder Edelstahl oder aus einem faserverstärktem Kunststoff hergestellt.The holding element is made, for example, of metal, in particular zinc, aluminum or stainless steel, and the bearing element is made of metal, in particular zinc, aluminum or stainless steel or a fiber-reinforced plastic.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist des Weiteren eine Bauelement-Baugruppe vorgesehen, mit einem Bauelement, das in einer Gebäudeöffnung befestigt ist und einen Rahmen aufweist, wobei der Rahmen zumindest einen Querträger und zwei vertikal verlaufende, gegenüberliegende vertikale Rahmenlemente aufweist, und mit zumindest einer zuvor mit allen optionalen Varianten ausstattbaren erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsbaugruppe. Erfindungsgemäß ist die zumindest eine Befestigungsbaugruppe an einem Vertikalelement im Wesentlichen in der Ebene des zumindest einen Querträgers angeordnet, wobei die Befestigungsbaugruppe in einer Montageposition in der Gebäudeöffnung mit der ersten oder der zweiten Haltestruktur am Bauelement und mit der zweiten oder der ersten Haltestruktur gebäudeseitig befestigt sind, wobei Halte- und Lagerelemente in zumindest einer Richtung aneinander gleiten und sich senkrecht zur Rahmenebene aneinander abstützen. Je nach gewünschter Funktion können das Halteelement und das Lagerelement in der Fixierposition oder der Gleitposition sein, wobei vorzugsweise zumindest eine Befestigungsbaugruppe in der entkoppelten Gleitposition ist.To achieve the object, a component assembly is also provided, with a component which is fastened in a building opening and has a frame, the frame having at least one cross member and two vertically running, opposite vertical frame elements, and with at least one previously with Fastening assembly according to the invention that can be equipped with all optional variants. According to the invention, the at least one fastening assembly is arranged on a vertical element essentially in the plane of the at least one cross member, the fastening assembly being fastened in an assembly position in the building opening with the first or the second holding structure on the component and with the second or the first holding structure on the building side, wherein holding and bearing elements slide against one another in at least one direction and are supported against one another perpendicular to the frame plane. Depending on the desired function, the holding element and the bearing element can be in the fixing position or the sliding position, with at least one fastening assembly preferably being in the decoupled sliding position.
Vorzugsweise ist an gegenüberliegenden vertikalen Rahmenelementen jeweils zumindest eine Befestigungsbaugruppe vorgesehen, wobei die Befestigungsbaugruppen im Wesentlichen in der Ebene der Querträger angeordnet sind und sich zumindest eine der Befestigungsbaugruppen in der Gleitposition befindet.Preferably, at least one fastening assembly is provided on opposite vertical frame elements, the fastening assemblies being arranged essentially in the plane of the cross member and at least one of the fastening assemblies being in the sliding position.
An den Vertikalelementen können auch mehrere, jeweils paarweise gegenüberliegende Befestigungsbaugruppen vorgesehen sein, wobei sich zumindest jeweils eine der in einer Ebene des Rahmens mit einem Querträger angeordneten Befestigungsbaugruppe in der Gleitposition befindet. Das heißt, es ist zumindest in einer Richtung ein Längenausgleich möglich, indem das Lagerelement und das zugehörige Halteelement gegeneinander verschoben werden können.A plurality of fastening assemblies, each lying opposite one another in pairs, can also be provided on the vertical elements, with at least one another in each case one of the fastening assemblies arranged in a plane of the frame with a cross member is in the sliding position. That is to say, length compensation is possible at least in one direction, in that the bearing element and the associated holding element can be displaced relative to one another.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale finden sich in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den beigefügten Zeichnungen. In diesen zeigen:
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Figur 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Bauelement-Baugruppe, -
Figuren 2a bis 2d verschiedene Ansichten einer erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsbaugruppe, -
Figuren 3a bis 3c verschiedene Ansichten eines Lagerelements der Befestigungsbaugruppe aus denFiguren 2a bis 2d , -
Figuren 4a und 4b eine Seitenansicht sowie eine Draufsicht eines Halteelements der Befestigungsbaugruppe aus denFiguren 2a bis 2d , -
Figuren 5a und 5b verschiedene Werkzeuge zur Montage der Befestigungsbaugruppe aus denFiguren 2a bis 2d , -
Figuren 6a und 6b Schnittansichten einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsbaugruppe.
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Figure 1 a component assembly according to the invention, -
Figures 2a to 2d different views of a fastening assembly according to the invention, -
Figures 3a to 3c different views of a bearing element of the fastening assembly from FIGSFigures 2a to 2d , -
Figures 4a and 4b a side view and a plan view of a holding element of the fastening assembly from FIGFigures 2a to 2d , -
Figures 5a and 5b various tools for assembling the mounting assembly from theFigures 2a to 2d , -
Figures 6a and 6b Sectional views of a second embodiment of a fastening assembly according to the invention.
In
Diese Bauelement-Baugruppe 10 ist an einer Gebäudeöffnung 22 einer Wand 24 eines Gebäudes eingesetzt. Der Rahmen 14 kann dabei in der der Ebene der Wand 24 angeordnet sein, es ist aber auch möglich, dass dieser der Wand 24 vorgelagert ist. "An der Gebäudeöffnung" bezeichnet in diesem Fall jede Art der Anordnung der Bauelement-Baugruppe 10, bei der die Gebäudeöffnung durch die Bauelement-Baugruppe 10 geschlossen wird.This
Die Wand 24 besteht beispielsweise aus Beton, Stahl und/oder Mauerwerk oder einem anderen geeigneten Baustoff. Der Rahmen 14 besteht beispielsweise aus Kunststoff, Aluminium oder einem anderen Metall oder aus einer Kombination dieser Baustoffe.The
Der Rahmen 14 ist mit mehreren Befestigungsbaugruppen 28a bis 28f, die an den vertikalen Rahmenelementen 20 angreifen, sowie mit mehreren Befestigungsbaugruppen 30a und 30b, die an den Querträgern 18 angreifen, an der Wandöffnung gehalten.The
Die Befestigungsbaugruppen 28a bis 28f sind jeweils paarweise gegenüberliegend angeordnet, wobei insbesondere im Bereich der Querträger 18 Befestigungsbaugruppen 28a, 28b, 28e, 28f angeordnet sind.The
Der Rahmen 14 und die Wand 24 dehnen sich aufgrund der verschiedenen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der verwendeten Materiale bei Temperaturänderungen unterschiedlich stark aus. Um diese Ausdehnung auszugleichen, ist zwischen Rahmen 14 und Wand 24 ein Spalt 26 vorgesehen, der üblicherweise mit einem Dämmschaum oder einem anderen geeigneten Dämm- bzw. Dichtmaterial, das vorzugsweise flexibel ist, gefüllt ist.Due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials used, the
Bei einer temperaturbedingten Längenausdehnung des Rahmens 14 kommt es insbesondere in Verlängerung der vertikalen Rahmenelemente 20 bzw. der Querträger 18 zu einer starken Belastung der dort angeordneten Befestigungsbaugruppen 28a, 28b, 28e und 28f bzw. der Wand 20 und des Rahmens 24 in diesen Bereichen.If the
Bei den bisher verwendeten starren Befestigungsbaugruppen, die den Rahmen 14 in der Gebäudeöffnung 22 starr einspannen, wirken auf die in Verlängerung der vertikalen Rahmenelemente 20 bzw. der Querträger 18 angeordneten Befestigungsbaugruppen durch die Ausdehnung der Querträger 18 starke Druckkräfte, durch die die Befestigungsbaugruppen in die Wand 24 oder in den Rahmen 14 hineingedrückt bzw. bei einer negativen Längenänderung aus diesem herausgezogen. Häufige Lastwechsel, beispielsweise durch Temperaturunterschiede im Tag/Nacht-Wechsel oder durch jahreszeitbedingte Temperaturunterschiede können zu starken Beanspruchungen der Wand 24, des Rahmen 14 oder der Befestigungsbaugruppe führen, die bei den bisher verwendeten Befestigungsbaugruppen im Extremfall zu einem Lösen der Befestigungsbaugruppen in der Wand 24 oder im Rahmen 14 führen können.In the case of the previously used rigid fastening assemblies, which rigidly clamp the
Um dies zu verhindern, ermöglicht zumindest eine der Befestigungsbaugruppen 28a, 28b sowie 28e und 28f einen Längenausgleich, sodass durch die temperaturbedingten Längenänderungen keine Belastungen über die Befestigungsbaugruppen auf das Mauerwerk übertragen werden können.In order to prevent this, at least one of the
Für diese Befestigungsbaugruppen 28a, 28b, 28e, 28f, und auch für die übrigen, vorzugsweise starr ausgebildeten Befestigungsbaugruppen 28c, 28d wird die in den
Diese Befestigungsbaugruppe 28 besteht aus einem in den
In der hier gezeigten Ausführungsform wird das Lagerelement 32 am Rahmen 14 und das Halteelement 34 an der Gebäudeöffnung 22 befestigt, was aber auch umgekehrt möglich ist.In the embodiment shown here, the bearing
Wie nachfolgend erläutert wird, sind das Lagerelement 32 und das Halteelement 34 in einer Gleitposition axial zueinander entkoppelt und können sich somit in einer Gleitrichtung G axial begrenzt zueinander bewegen, obwohl sie gleichzeitig am Gebäude bzw. an dem rahmen schon befestigt sind. Senkrecht zu dieser Gleitrichtung G sind das Lagerelement 32 und das Halteelement 34 stets miteinander verbunden, sodass der Rahmen 14 senkrecht zur Ebene der Gebäudeöffnung 22 bzw. des Rahmens 14 stets an der Gebäudeöffnung gehalten ist.As will be explained below, the bearing
In einer nachfolgend erläuterten Fixierposition können dagegen das Halteelement 34 und das Lagerelement 32 axial starr miteinander gekoppelt werden, sodass für alle Befestigungsbaugruppen 28a bis 28f dieselbe Befestigungsbaugruppe 28 verwendet werden kann. In Abhängigkeit davon, ob eine starre oder eine gleitende Lagerung gewünscht ist, können diese also in unterschiedliche Positionen zueinander bewegt werden.In a fixing position explained below, on the other hand, the holding
Das Lagerelement 32 ist hülsenartig aufgebaut und weist eine äußere Haltestruktur 36 auf, in dieser Ausführungsform ein Außengewinde, mit der das Lagerelement 32 unmittelbar am Rahmen 14 befestigt, das heißt eingeschraubt werden kann.The bearing
Das Außengewinde kann beispielsweise für einen Kunststoff- oder Aluminiumrahmen selbstschneidend ausgebildet sein, es ist aber auch denkbar, dass am Rahmen 14 bereits ein korrespondierendes Innengewinde vorgesehen ist.The external thread can be designed to be self-tapping for a plastic or aluminum frame, for example, but it is also conceivable that a corresponding internal thread is already provided on the
Innenseitig weist das Lagerelement 32 von einem ersten Ende 38 beginnend eine im Wesentlichen kreiszylindrische Gleitfläche 40 auf. An einem gegenüberliegenden zweiten Ende 42 ist eine Werkzeugaufnahme 44 mit einem Drehmomentübertragungsprofil vorgesehen, an die sich ein Fixierbereich 46 anschließt, der durch ein Innengewinde gebildet ist.On the inside, the bearing
Wie in den
Des Weiteren ist ein zweiter Fixierbereich 50 vorgesehen, der durch ein zum Innengewinde des ersten Fixierbereichs 46 korrespondierenden Außengewinde gebildet ist.Furthermore, a
An einem dem zweiten Fixierbereich 50 entgegengesetzten Abschnitt ist eine außenseitige Haltestruktur 52 vorgesehen, die ebenfalls als Außengewinde ausgebildet ist.On a section opposite the
Die außenseitige Haltestruktur 36 des Lagerelements 32 sowie die außenseitige Haltestruktur 52 des Halteelements 34 weisen die gleiche Orientierung sowie die gleiche Steigung auf, beispielsweise eine Steigung von 2,7 mm.The
Die Gewinde der Fixierbereiche 46, 50 haben ebenfalls dieselbe Steigung und dieselbe Orientierung, wobei diese vorzugsweise der Steigung und Orientierung der Haltestrukturen 36, 52 entspricht.The threads of the fixing
Wie in
Das Halteelement 34 wird in einer Gleitrichtung G in das Lagerelement 32 eingeschoben, bis die Fixierbereiche 46, 50 aneinander anliegen. Anschließend kann das Halteelement 34 mit dem zweiten Fixierbereich 50 in den ersten Fixierbereich 46 des Lagerelements 32 eingeschraubt werden, bis korrespondierende Anschläge 56, 58 am Lagerelement 32 und am Halteelement 34 aneinander anliegen (siehe insbesondere
Liegen diese Anschläge 56, 58 aneinander an, sind die Fixierbereiche 46, 50 und somit das Lagerelement 32 und das Halteelement 34 in einer Drehrichtung miteinander gekoppelt, sodass beim Drehen eines der beiden Elemente das jeweils andere mitgedreht wird. Durch ein Drehen in die entgegengesetzte Richtung können die beiden Elemente aber wieder voneinander gelöst werden, indem eines der beiden Elemente so weit gedreht wird, bis die Fixierbereiche 46, 50 nicht mehr miteinander in Eingriff stehen.If these stops 56, 58 are in contact with one another, the fixing
Stehen die Fixierbereiche 46, 50 nicht miteinander in Eingriff, kann das Halteelement 34 in Gleitrichtung G begrenzt relativ zum Lagerelement 32 bewegt werden.If the fixing
Zur Montage des in
Im Rahmen 14 sowie in der Wand 24 sind miteinander fluchtende Aufnahmen bzw. Aussparungen für das Lagerelement 32 bzw. das Halteelement 34 vorgesehen.In the
Diese können bereits vor dem Einsetzen des Rahmens 14 in die Gebäudeöffnung 22 vorbereitet worden sein.These can already have been prepared before the
Um sicherzugehen, dass diese Aufnahmen bzw. Aussparungen miteinander fluchten, kann der Rahmen 14 aber auch vorläufig, beispielsweise durch Keile, in der Gebäudeöffnung 22 fixiert werden und anschließend die Aussparungen bzw. Aufnahmen in einem Bohrvorgang eingebracht werden.In order to ensure that these recordings or recesses are aligned with one another, the
Es ist auch denkbar, dass im Rahmen 14 bereits eine Aussparung vorhanden ist und nach dem vorläufigen Ausrichten des Rahmens 14 in der Gebäudeöffnung 22 die Aufnahme an der Gebäudeöffnung 22 bzw. in der Wand 24 passend gebohrt wird. Anschließend wird das Lagerelement 32 am Rahmen 14 befestigt, indem dieses in den Rahmen 14 eingeschraubt wird.It is also conceivable that a recess is already present in the
Wie bereits erläutert, kann am Rahmen 14 bereits ein Gewinde vorhanden sein oder dieses wird durch die außenseitige Haltestruktur 36 in den Rahmen 14 eingeschnitten.As already explained, a thread can already be present on the
Das im Lagerelement 32 gehaltene Halteelement 34 wird gemeinsam mit dem Lagerelement 32 eingesetzt und in der Aussparung an der Gebäudeöffnung 22 befestigt, insbesondere eingeschraubt. Da beide außenseitigen Haltestrukturen 36, 52 die gleiche Orientierung und die gleiche Steigung aufweisen, können diese gemeinsam montiert, insbesondere eingeschraubt werden.The holding
Zum Einschrauben wird beispielsweise das in
Ist das Lagerelement 32 in einer Endmontageposition im Rahmen 14 angelangt, wird anschließend das Halteelement 34 ohne weiteres Drehen des Lagerelements 32 weiter in die Gebäudeöffnung 22 bzw. die Wand 24 eingedreht, bis das Halteelement 34 ebenfalls in seiner Endmontageposition angelangt ist.Once the bearing
Dies kann beispielsweise mit dem in
Abhängig davon, ob eine starre Verbindung zwischen Halteelement 34 und Lagerelement 32 gewünscht ist, wird das Halteelement 34 nur so weit eingedreht, dass die Fixierbereiche 46, 50 noch in Eingriff miteinander stehen, oder so weit, dass diese nicht mehr miteinander in Eingriff stehen und bei einer temperaturbedingten Längenänderung des Rahmens 14 gegeneinander verschoben werden können. Ist eine starre Verbindung gewünscht, ist gegebenenfalls auch kein weiteres Drehen des Halteelements 34 erforderlich.Depending on whether a rigid connection between the holding
Sowohl für die starre Befestigung des Rahmens 14 wie auch für eine flexible, gleitende Lagerung, um temperaturbedingte Längenänderungen auszugleichen, kann also die gleiche Befestigungsbaugruppe 28 verwendet werden. Insbesondere erfolgt das Entkoppeln des Halteelements 34 vom Lagerelement 32 erst nach der Montage der Befestigungsbaugruppe 28. Ein Verwenden eines falschen Befestigungselements oder einer falschen Befestigungsbaugruppe ist somit nicht möglich, da an allen Befestigungsstellen dieselbe Befestigungsbaugruppe 28 verwendet wird.The
Da die Fixierbereiche 46, 50 durch die Anschläge 56, 58 in einer Drehrichtung miteinander gekoppelt sind, kann ein Werkzeug auch nur an einer der Werkzeugaufnahme 44, 54 eingreifen, da durch die Koppelung in Drehrichtung das jeweils andere Element mitgedreht wird.Since the fixing
Alternativ kann statt den zwei Werkzeugen, die in den
Eine alternative Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsbaugruppe ist in den
Im Gegensatz zu dieser weisen die Fixierbereiche 46, 50 in dieser Ausführungsform keine Gewinde auf, sondern bilden gemeinsam einen Bajonettverschluss. Auf der Innenseite des Lagerelements 32 ist dazu mindestens eine Nut 66 vorgesehen, in die ein Vorsprung 68 am Halteelement 34 eingreifen kann.In contrast to this, the fixing
Durch diesen Bajonettverschluss sind das Halteelement 34 und das Lagerelement 32 in beide Drehrichtungen gekoppelt, falls sich der Vorsprung 68 in der Nut 66 befindet. Zudem ist zum Entkoppeln des Halteelements 34 vom Lagerelement 32 nur eine geringe Drehung um einen wesentlich geringeren Winkelbereich erforderlich, sodass eine schnellere Entkoppelung des Lagerelements 32 und des Halteelements 34 möglich sind.By means of this bayonet lock, the holding
Alternativ können selbstverständlich die Nut am Halteelement 34 und der Vorsprung am Lagerelement 32 vorgesehen sein.Alternatively, of course, the groove on the holding
Anders als in den hier gezeigten Ausführungsformen kann auch das Lagerelement 32 gebäudeteilseitig und das Halteelement 34 rahmenseitig montiert sein, was auf keine spezielle Variante der Erfindung beschränkt ist.In contrast to the embodiments shown here, the bearing
Unabhängig von der Ausführungsform ist es lediglich erforderlich, dass am Lagerelement 32 und am Halteelement 34 zusammenwirkende Fixierbereiche vorgesehen sind, die in einer Fixierstellung das Halteelement 34 und das Lagerelement 32 relativ zueinander fixieren und in einer Gleitposition diese gegeneinander entkoppelt sind.Regardless of the embodiment, it is only necessary that cooperating fixing areas are provided on the bearing
Claims (13)
- A method of fastening a frame (14) in a building opening (22), the frame (14) being mounted at the building for limited movement at least in sections in the plane of the frame (14) to compensate for temperature-related linear expansions of the frame (14), comprising the following steps:- fastening at least one holding element (34) to the building or to the frame (14),- fastening at least one bearing element (32) that is associated with the holding element (34) to the frame or to the building,wherein the at least one holding element (34) and the associated bearing element (32) are mounted against each other and are supported against each other at least perpendicularly to the plane of the frame (14) and are movable, in particular slidingly movable, to a limited extent relative to each other in a direction within the plane of the frame (14), wherein the holding element (34) and the bearing element (32) are coupled to each other during fastening to the frame (14) and to the building, and- moving the holding element (34) and the bearing element (32) relative to one another after fastening to the frame (14) or to the building by rotating and, in doing so, axially uncoupling the holding element (34) and the bearing element (32) from one another, so that they are subsequently movable to a limited extent relative to one another in their common longitudinal direction in the plane of the frame (14).
- The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding element (34) and the bearing element (32) are held rigidly against each other during fastening to the frame (14) or to the building.
- The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame (14) is fixed to the building by means of a multitude of holding elements (34) and associated bearing elements (32), wherein at least one holding element (34) and the associated bearing element (32) are movable, in particular slidingly movable, to a limited extent relative to each other in the plane of the frame (14), in particular wherein the holding elements (34) and bearing elements (32) are provided only on one vertical frame element (20) and the opposite vertical frame element (20) is fastened in the building opening (22) so as not to be movable.
- A fastening assembly (28) for fastening a frame element to be arranged in a building opening (22) to a building, the frame (14) being mounted at the building opening (22) for limited movement at least in sections in the plane of the building opening (22) to compensate for temperature-related linear expansions of the frame (14), in particular for carrying out a method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a holding element (34) and a bearing element (32), the holding element (34) including an external holding structure (52) provided in particular on its outer circumference, for fastening on the frame side or on the building side, and the bearing element (32) including a second external holding structure (36) provided in particular on its outer circumference, for fastening on the building side or on the frame side, characterized in that the bearing element (32) and the holding element (34) have cooperating fixing portions (46, 50) provided thereon which allow selective axial coupling and uncoupling of the holding element (34) and the bearing element (32), wherein in a sliding position, the holding element (34) and the bearing element (32) are axially non-coupled relative to one another and are movable to a limited extent relative to one another in a sliding direction (G) and are connected with each other perpendicularly to this sliding direction (G), and wherein the holding element (34) and the bearing element (32) are rotatable relative to one another from the fixing position to the sliding position in order to uncouple the holding element (34) and the bearing element (32) from one another.
- The fastening assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the bearing element (32) is a sleeve, the holding structure (36) being provided on the outside of the sleeve, the holding element (34) having an oblong shape and being held within the sleeve and protruding in the longitudinal direction from a first opening of the sleeve by a first end at which the holding structure (52) is provided, preferably wherein the bearing element and the holding element each have an external thread having the same pitch and direction of rotation, by means of which they can be screwed into the building or the frame.
- The fastening assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the fixing portions (46, 50) are formed by an internal thread in the sleeve and an external thread provided on a section of the holding element (34) and corresponding to the internal thread, the internal thread and the external thread being in engagement in the fixing position and not engaging with each other in the sliding position and being arranged behind each other in the longitudinal direction of the bearing element (32).
- The fastening assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that the external thread is formed at a second end of the holding element (34) opposite to the holding structure (52), and the internal thread is formed in sections on the inside of the sleeve.
- The fastening assembly according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the fixing portions constitute a bayonet lock, at least one groove (66) being provided on the inside of the sleeve or on the outside of the holding element (34), and at least one projection (68) being provided on the outside of the holding element (34) or on the inside of the sleeve, the projection being held in the groove (66) in the fixing position.
- The fastening assembly according to any of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the fixing portions (46, 50) are coupled to each other in a screwing-in direction of the assembly such that when one of the holding and bearing elements (32, 34) is rotationally driven, the other one is rotated with it, and when driven in the opposite direction, the holding and bearing elements (32, 34) are uncoupled from each other.
- The fastening assembly according to any of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that a tool holding fixture (54) having a torque transmission profile is provided at a second end of the holding element (34) opposite to the first end, and/or a second tool holding fixture (44) having a torque transmission profile is provided on the sleeve, in particular at the second opening (42).
- The fastening assembly according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the tool holding fixture (54) of the holding element (34) is recessed in the sleeve opposite the second opening (42) in the fixing position.
- A structural element assembly (10) comprising a structural element (12) that is fastened in a building opening (22) and includes a frame (14) for a door or window, the frame (14) including at least one cross beam (18) and two vertically extending, opposing, vertical frame elements (20), and comprising at least one fastening assembly (28, 28a - 28f) according to any of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the at least one fastening assembly is arranged at a vertical frame element (20) substantially in the plane of the at least one cross beam (18), wherein, in an assembly position in the building opening (22), the fastening assembly (28, 28a - 28f) is fastened to the structural element by one of the first and second holding structures (36, 52) and on the building side by the other of the first and second holding structures (36, 52), the holding and bearing elements (34, 32) sliding against each other in at least one direction and being supported against each other perpendicularly to the plane of the frame.
- The structural element assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that a plurality of fastening assemblies (28a - 28f), each located opposite one another in pairs, are provided at the vertical frame elements (20), wherein at least one each of the fastening assemblies (28a - 28f) arranged in the frame plane with a cross beam (18) is in the sliding position.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014100818.9A DE102014100818A1 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2014-01-24 | Method for mounting a frame in a building opening, mounting assembly and component assembly |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2899410A1 EP2899410A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
EP2899410B1 true EP2899410B1 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
Family
ID=52394940
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15151998.0A Active EP2899410B1 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-21 | Method for fixing a frame in a building opening, fixing assembly and component-assembly |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2899410B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014100818A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102017125643A1 (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-02 | Multimont Ohg | distance screw |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH493709A (en) * | 1968-06-10 | 1970-07-15 | Vohland & Baer Ag | Device to compensate for tolerance differences and dilation movements of two interconnected components |
DE3715420A1 (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-12-08 | Adolf Wuerth Gmbh & Co Kg | Spacer screw |
DE10208362B4 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2004-06-03 | Waldemar Knelsen | Device for adjusting a structure and an adjustment method |
DE102008034742A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Wilfried Berger | Fastening element for installing components closing off wall openings |
-
2014
- 2014-01-24 DE DE102014100818.9A patent/DE102014100818A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-01-21 EP EP15151998.0A patent/EP2899410B1/en active Active
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DE102014100818A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
EP2899410A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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