EP2897732B1 - Jaw crusher for comminuting material to be crushed - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a jaw crusher for crushing crushed material with at least one crushing jaw, which is arranged on a receiving body, wherein the crushing jaw has at a first jaw edge an encircling, which engages around an edge of the receiving body.

Jaw crushers are used for crushing crushed material such as stones, ores, coal and the like, and are used for example in opencast mining. As a body jaw crusher on a frame, and a crushing jaw can be added to the frame resting, while a further crushing jaw is moved by a drive unit periodically against the quiescent crushing jaw. The crushed material, which is placed between the crushing jaws, is comminuted by the movement of the crushing jaws to each other until the crushed material finally reaches breaking sizes, to leave the area between the crushing jaws through a crushing gap. Depending on the design of the jaw crusher and the movement type of the moving crushing jaw, rocker arm crushers can be distinguished from pendulum swing crushers. The fixed crushing jaw, for example, be fixed to the frame, in particular on a front wall of the jaw crusher, while the moving crushing jaw is attached to a rocker over which the crushing jaw is moved with the drive unit against the fixed crushing jaw. The arrangement of the crushing jaws on the frame of the jaw crusher or on the rocker is designed so that the crushing jaws can be replaced. For fastening the crushing jaws releasable wedge connections are therefore known with which the crushing jaws can be clamped to the respective receiving body.

STATE OF THE ART

From the DE 377 438 A a jaw crusher for crushing crushed material is known, and it is shown a crushing jaw, which is fastened with a wedge body and a clamping screw on a rocker, so that the crushing jaw shown forms the moving crushing jaw of the jaw crusher. However, by the illustrated arrangement of the crushing jaw on the receiving body negative voltage conditions in the crushing jaw and between the crushing jaw and the Forming a receiving body. Furthermore, a holder is required over which the crushing jaw must be received on the receiving body.

The DE 698 37 724 T2 shows a jaw crusher designed as a rocker arm with a fixed, arranged on a receiving body crushing jaw and a movable, arranged on a rocker crushing jaw. The crushing jaws are mounted on wedge elements, wherein in detail side wedge elements are shown, with which the fixed, arranged on the receiving body crushing jaw is attached. Disadvantageously arise after prolonged operation of the jaw crusher unfavorable stress conditions between the crushing jaw and the receiving body, since the crushing jaws are wedged so that at an elongation of the crushing jaw, the wedge tension, which is applied by the wedge body on the crushing jaw, is always increased.

FIG. 1 shows a jaw crusher 1 for crushing crushed material with a first crushing jaw 10, which is arranged on a receiving body 11, wherein the receiving body 11 forms the front wall 11 in the frame of the jaw crusher 1. On the underside, the crushing jaw 10 has a wrap-around 13, which engages around an edge 14 of the receiving body 11 on the underside. In order to compensate for plastic changes occurring in the operation of the jaw crusher 10 of the crushing jaw 10, 11 inserts of different thickness must be provided between the Umgriff 13 of the back edge 12 and the edge 14 of the receiving body to compensate for dimensional changes of the crushing jaw 10. A second arranged on a moving rocker 22 crushing jaw 10 is made in two parts and keyed to the rocker 22, wherein the wedging causes unfavorable stress conditions in the crushing jaw 10, so that additional elastic elements are required. Such attachment of a crushing jaw 10 to a rigid receiving body 11 of the jaw crusher 1 is thus in principle unsuitable.

The US 6,155,507 A1 shows a jaw crusher for crushing crushed material with a crushing jaw, which is arranged on a receiving body, wherein the crushing jaw on a first jaw edge has a wrap around an edge of the receiving body, wherein a wedge body is provided with which the Crushing jaw is keyed over one of the first back edge opposite the second jaw edge on the receiving body, that the crushing jaw is clamped to form a tensile stress between the jaw edges on the receiving body and wherein the clamping element is formed by a clamping screw. Disadvantageously increases in a plastic expansion of the crushing jaw, the set bias voltage, since the dimension of the crushing jaw by the action of the crushing material increases not only in the height direction but also in the width direction. In particular, the wedging forces can grow so much that, if necessary, the tension can no longer be released by ordinary means.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a jaw crusher for crushing crushed material, which has an improved recording of a crushing jaw on a receiving body. In particular, it is the object of the invention to accommodate a crushing jaw forming advantageous stress conditions on a receiving body of a jaw crusher.

This object is achieved on the basis of a jaw crusher for crushing crushed material according to the preamble of claim 1 in conjunction with the characterizing features. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The invention includes the technical teaching that the wedge body is strip-shaped and extending in a transverse direction partially over the length of the second jaw edge parallel to this, wherein the wedge body is clamped with at least one clamping element on the crushing jaw, wherein the extension direction of the clamping element for Bracing the wedge body is perpendicular to the extension direction of the strip-shaped wedge body, so that the clamping screw is guided through a screw hole in the crushing jaw and is clamped between the wedge body and the crushing jaw.

For the purposes of the invention, the wedge body may be formed by any body having at least one wedge surface over which a mechanical stress in the Crushing jaw can be initiated. In this case, the mechanical stress is introduced into the crushing jaw such that, averaged over the cross section, a tensile stress results in the body of the crushing jaw between the jaw edges. The wedge body can be understood as a strain body, and there may be a wedge surface, a conical surface or a conical surface on the bracing body, each of which allows the application of a bracing force.

The jaw edges do not necessarily have to edge over the crushing jaw, and the main dimensions of the crushing jaw may have greater values than the distance between the two jaw edges. By the inventively introduced via the recording of the crushing jaw on the receiving body tensile stress in the body of the crushing jaw, the advantage is achieved that in operation of the jaw crusher in the crushing jaw resulting plastic deformation not unfavorable stress conditions in the body of the crushing jaw and / or in the frame or in the Lead housing of the crusher.

During the operation of a jaw crusher, it has been shown that plastic and thus permanent deformations of the crushing jaw can occur due to the action of the crushed material on the crushing jaw. This may result in an elongation of the crushing jaw, for example, between the baking edges, as the crushed material on the front of the crushing jaw formally crumbles the body of the crushing jaw. Despite the use of high-alloy, high-strength steels for forming the crushing jaws, slight plastic deformations result after the crusher jaw has been put into operation, in particular over a longer, lasting operation of the jaw crusher. By increasing the distance between the two jaw edges, although the bias applied to the crushing jaw can reduce over the wedge body, by simply adjusting the wedge bias for clamping the crushing jaw on the receiving body while restoring the tension in the crushing jaw, however, a resulting elongation of the crushing jaw in a simple manner be readjusted.

It is also advantageous if the edge on the receiving body, which is encompassed by the back edge of the crushing jaw, but also the back edge itself, beveled, so that a release of the crushing jaw from the receiving body through prevents a positive connection formed between the edge of the receiving body and the breaking edge.

According to the invention, the wedge body is braced with at least one tensioning element on the crushing jaw, wherein the tensioning element can be re-tensioned, for example, for re-tensioning between the wedge body and the crushing jaw. The clamping element is formed by a clamping screw which is passed through a screw hole in the crushing jaw and clamped between the wedge body and the crushing jaw. On the clamping screw, a nut may be screwed, and for example, can be adjusted by tightening the nut on the clamping screw, the tension of the wedge body against the receiving body.

At a back edge several wedge body can be arranged, and each wedge body can be clamped with one or more clamping elements with the crushing jaw. For example, two wedge body can be arranged over the length of the second jaw edge, and each of the wedge body is clamped with two clamping elements.

According to the invention, the wedge body is strip-shaped and extends in a transverse direction at least partially over the length of the second jaw edge. The extension direction of the clamping element for bracing the wedge body extends perpendicular to the extension direction of the wedge body, and the strip-shaped extension of the wedge body is parallel to the second jaw edge. As a result, the advantage is achieved that an elongation of the crushing jaw can be compensated transversely to the direction of the tension between the two jaw edges on the strip-shaped wedge body without it comes in the transverse direction to an unfavorable tension of the crushing jaw on the receiving body.

The bracing of the crushing jaw on the receiving bodies can be provided in various ways. For example, the second jaw edge as well as the first jaw edge have a wrap that at least partially surrounds the wedge body, so that the crushing jaw in cross section has a degenerate U-shape, since both Umgriffe have the back edges in the same direction. The wedge body can sit between the wraparound and the receiving body. If the wedge body is braced with the crushing jaw over the clamping element, a form fit occurs between the crushing jaw and the receiving body, since the wedge body has a wedge surface which forms an angle to the course of the tensioning element. If the wedge body braced in the direction of the clamping element, the wedge surface comes to rest on the receiving body, whereby a kind of undercut is formed, and so that a captive, form-fitting bond between the receiving body and the crushing jaw forms.

With further advantage, at least one shim body can be arranged between the receiving body and the wedge body, which is preferably arranged on the receiving body or formed as part of the receiving body. The supplemental body has a wedge surface for bearing the wedge body, which corresponds to the wedge surface on the wedge body. If the wedge body is tensioned by applying the tensile stress in the crushing jaw, then the wedge surface of the wedge body can slide on the wedge surface of the shim body on the receiving body while applying the tensile stress in the crushing jaw.

The jaw crusher may have a fixed and one arranged on a rocker moving crushing jaw, wherein the clamped by means of the wedge body crushing jaw is preferably formed by the fixed crushing jaw of the jaw crusher. The receiving body may be formed by a frame of the jaw crusher and preferably by the front wall of the jaw crusher. The rocker is periodically reciprocated by a drive unit against the front wall of the jaw crusher, so that the crushed material is crushed between the two crushing jaws.

With further advantage, the first crushing edge can form the underside edge of the crushing jaw in its installed position, so that the gripping surrounds the receiving body on the underside. Consequently, the second jaw edge on which the wedge body is clamped against the receiving body, the upper edge of the crushing jaw, so that the wedge body in particular with the interposition of the shim body against the top edge of the receiving body acts. According to an alternative embodiment of the arrangement of the wedge body according to the invention can be provided that the first jaw edge engages around the upper edge of the receiving body with the wraparound, and the second jaw edge is braced under tension with the wedge body against the lower edge of the receiving body. However, there is the disadvantage that a retightening of the clamping element on the lower side of the crushing jaw is more difficult.

The introduced with the wedge body tension in the crushing jaw runs in a vertical direction of the crushing jaw, wherein the vertical direction may deviate from the perpendicular, because then when the crushing jaw forms the fixed, arranged in the jaw crusher crushing jaw, this can under a skew to the vertical be arranged in the frame of the jaw crusher.

Furthermore, a side wedge element can be provided, with which the crushing jaw is clamped in a direction transverse to the vertical direction stroke direction. Side wedge elements are usually used in the region of the side walls of the jaw crusher, which cause additional clamping of the crushing jaw in the jaw crusher.

The present invention introduced via the wedge body in the crushing jaw tensile stress, which is established between two opposite back edges, is formed by a tensile force which is introduced via the back edges in the body of the crushing jaw. Consequently, the tensile stress formed according to the invention in the crushing jaw is merely to be seen as a tension which results from a tensile force introduced into the crushing jaw via the wedge body. Actual, locally occurring stresses in the crushing jaw can also affect compressive stress areas due to bending and transverse forces, so that the introduction according to the invention of the tensile stress into the crushing jaw over the entire cross section of the crushing jaw averaged between the jaw edges is to be understood. The tensile stress in the crushing jaw is in particular designed so that it is reduced due to an elongation of the crushing jaw between the jaw edges. The elongation may be due to the rolling effect of the crushed material on the surface of the crushing jaw arise. In order to ensure a fixed arrangement of the crushing jaw on the receiving body, the clamping elements can be readjusted from time to time for bracing the wedge body in the crushing jaw to ensure a minimum value of the tensile stress in the crushing jaw between the jaw edges.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Figur 1

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Backenbrechers in einer Querschnittsansicht gemäß dem Stand der Technik,

Figur 2

die Ansicht einer Brechbacke in Anordnung an einem Aufnahmekörper, der durch die feststehende Frontwand des Backenbrechers gebildet ist,

Figur 2a

eine Detailansicht der Anordnung des Keilkörpers zwischen dem Aufnahmekörper und der zweiten Backenkante der Brechkante und

Figur 3

eine Draufsicht auf die Brechbacke in Anordnung an der Frontwand des Backenbrechers mit zwei Keilkörpern.

Further, measures improving the invention will be described in more detail below together with the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to FIGS. It shows:

FIG. 1

An embodiment of a jaw crusher in a cross-sectional view according to the prior art,

FIG. 2

the view of a crushing jaw in arrangement on a receiving body, which is formed by the fixed front wall of the jaw crusher,

FIG. 2a

a detailed view of the arrangement of the wedge body between the receiving body and the second back edge of the breaking edge and

FIG. 3

a plan view of the crushing jaw in arrangement on the front wall of the jaw crusher with two wedge bodies.

FIG. 1 shows a jaw crusher 1 according to the prior art and has already been described in the introduction.

FIG. 2 shows a crushing jaw 10 in arrangement on a receiving body 11, wherein FIG. 2a a detailed view of the arrangement of the wedge body 15 for clamping the crushing jaw 10 on the receiving body 11 shows. The receiving body 11 forms the front wall 11 of the jaw crusher, so that behind the front wall 11, the side wall 23 connects, which is partially shown in the adjacent to the front wall 11 area. Thus, the crushing jaw 10 forms a solid, resting in the jaw crusher 1 arranged crushing jaw 10, and on the Impact side of the crushing jaw 10 crushing teeth 25 are arranged, which can act against the crushed material, which is given front of the crushing jaw 10.

On the lower side, the crushing jaw 10 on a back edge 12, which is formed by a wrap 13. The wraparound 13 surrounds the lower edge 14 of the receiving body 11. The upper side of the crushing jaw 10 is limited by a second jaw edge 16 which is disposed opposite the lower, first jaw edge 12. The embodiment of the crushing jaw 10 thus extends between the first breaking edge 12 on the underside and the second jaw edge 16 on the upper side with respect to the installed position of the crushing jaw 10.

The enclosures 13 and 18 surround the receiving body 11, which extends approximately parallel to the crushing jaw 10, wherein the crushing jaw 10 is formed correspondingly longer, so that the crushing jaw 10 with its handles 13 and 18 can surround the receiving body 11.

The upper edge of the receiving body 11 is limited by a shim body 19, which is executed in the embodiment shown as a single part and is connected by a weld 26 with the receiving body 11. Between the handle 18 on the top of the crushing jaw 10 and the shim body 19, a wedge body 15 is arranged, and the wedge body 15 abuts with a wedge surface 20 of the shim body 19 at. The wedge body 15 is clamped by means of a clamping screw 17 in the crushing jaw 10, wherein the clamping screw 17 extends through a screw hole 21 through the body of the crushing jaw 10 therethrough. On a free threaded shaft of the clamping screw 17 is a nut 24, and when the nut 24 is tightened, the wedge body 15 is retracted into the gap between the handle 18 and the shim body 19. Consequently, a tensile force is introduced into the crushing jaw 10 via the enclosures 13 and 18, which extends between the first, lower jaw edge 12 and the second, upper-side jaw edge 16. The tensile force between the jaw edges 12 and 16 leads to a tensile stress in the crushing jaw, which extends in the vertical direction Z ', taking into account the inclination of the crushing jaw 10 in the installed position in the jaw crusher 1 about the vertical direction Z. of the jaw crusher corresponds. The vertical direction Z corresponds to the vertical axis, wherein the effective direction of the crushing jaw 10 corresponds to the crushed material of the stroke direction X, wherein in the stroke direction X the - in FIG. 1 shown - rocker 22 moves with the moving crushing jaw 10.

By means of the tensile force in shown vertical direction Z 'arranged on the receiving body 11 crushing jaw 10 is avoided during elongation of the crushing jaw 10 in the operation of the jaw crusher 1, that the wraparound 13 of the edge 14 of the receiving body 11 dissolves. In this case, the use of inserts between the inside of the handle 13 and the lower edge 14 of the receiving body 11 is unnecessary, since at an elongation of the breaking edge 10 in the measure between the jaw edges 12 and 16, only the introduced into the crushing jaw 10 tensile force is reduced. This can be increased by tightening the nut 24 and the further retraction of the wedge body 15 in the gap between the wrapper 18 and the shim body 19 again.

In the screw hole 21 can be used in a manner not shown, a presser, for example, be screwed, which allows loosening of the wedge body 15 in the arrangement shown, if previously the clamping screw 17 and the nut 24 were removed.

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the crushing jaw 10 in arrangement on the receiving body 11, which is formed by the front wall 11 of the jaw crusher. The crushing jaw 10 is braced at its upper, second jaw edge 16 with two elongated wedge bodies 15 extending in the transverse direction Y, wherein the wedge bodies 15 are clamped to the crushing jaw 10 via the clamping elements 17 shown only schematically. The clamping elements 17 in the form of clamping screws 17 are arranged for an operator easily accessible on the top of the crushing jaw 10, and by a prolongation of the crushing jaw 10 in operation of the jaw crusher, the introduced tensile stress in the crushing jaw 10 can decrease, so that the clamping screws 17 through the Easy accessibility by an operator can be easily retightened.

The invention is not limited in its execution to the above-mentioned preferred embodiment. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable, which makes use of the illustrated solution even with fundamentally different types of use. All of the claims, the description or the drawings resulting features and / or advantages, including structural details or spatial arrangements may be essential to the invention both in itself and in various combinations.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

jaw crusher

10

crushing jaw

11

Receiving body, front wall

12

first back edge

13

throwing

14

Edge of the receiving body

15

wedge body

16

second back edge

17

Clamping element, clamping screw

18

throwing

19

insert body

20

wedge surface

21

screw hole

22

wing

23

Side wall

24

nut

25

crushing teeth

26

welding

X

stroke direction

Y

transversely

Z, Z '

vertical direction

Claims (11)

1. Jaw crusher (1) for comminuting material which is to be crushed, having at least one crushing jaw (10), which is arranged on an accommodating body (11), wherein, along a first jaw edge (12), the crushing jaw (10) has an engage-around portion (13), which engages around an edge (14) of the accommodating body (11), wherein a wedge body (15) is provided to wedge the crushing jaw (10) on the accommodating body (11) via a second jaw edge (16), located opposite the first jaw edge (12), such that the crushing jaw (10) is braced on the accommodating body (11) while at the same time tensile stressing is built up between the jaw edges (12, 16), and wherein the wedge body (15) is braced on the crushing jaw (10) by at least one tensioning element (17), wherein the tensioning element (17) is formed by a tensioning screw (17), and wherein the wedge body (15) is designed in the form of a strip and extends in a transverse direction over part of the length of the second jaw edge (16), parallel to the latter,

   - characterized in that

   - the direction in which the tensioning element (17) extends for the purpose of bracing the wedge body (15) runs perpendicularly to the direction in which the strip-form wedge body (15) extends, and therefore

   - the tensioning screw (17) is guided through a screw hole (21) in the crushing jaw (10) and is braced between the wedge body (15) and the crushing jaw (10).
2. Jaw crusher (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the tensioning element (17) can be re-tensioned.
3. Jaw crusher (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wedge body (15) is designed in the form of a strip and extends in a transverse direction (Y) over at least part of the length of the second jaw edge (16).
4. Jaw crusher (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second jaw edge (16) has an engage-around portion (18), which engages around the wedge body (15), at least in part, and therefore the wedge body (15) is seated between the engage-around portion (18) and the accommodating body (11).
5. Jaw crusher (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the arrangement, between the accommodating body (11) and the wedge body (15), of at least one supplementary body (19), which is arranged preferably on the accommodating body (11) or is designed in the form of part of the accommodating body (11).
6. Jaw crusher (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the supplementary body (19) has a wedge surface (20) against which the wedge body (15) can lie, and therefore the wedge body (15) can slide on the wedge surface (20) while at the same time applying tensile stressing to the crushing jaw (10).
7. Jaw crusher (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the presence of a fixed crushing jaw (10) and of a moving crushing jaw (10), which is arranged on a rocker (22), wherein the crushing jaw (10) which is braced by means of the wedge body (15) is formed by the fixed crushing jaw (10) of the jaw crusher (1), and wherein the accommodating body (11) is formed by a frame of the jaw crusher (1) and preferably by the front wall (11) of the jaw crusher (1).
8. Jaw crusher (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first jaw edge (12) forms that edge of the crushing jaw (10) which is on the underside in the installed position, and therefore the engage-around portion (13) engages around the underside of the accommodating body (11).
9. Jaw crusher (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second jaw edge (16) forms the edge on the upper side of the crushing jaw (10), and therefore the wedge body (15), in particular with the interposition of the supplementary body (19), acts against the edge on the upper side of the accommodating body (11).
10. Jaw crusher (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensile stressing introduced into the crushing jaw (10) by the wedge body (15) runs in a vertical direction (Z') of the crushing jaw (10).
11. Jaw crusher (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the provision of at least one side wedge element, which braces the crushing jaw (10) in a lifting direction (X), which runs transversely to the vertical direction (Z).

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