Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
  • F16D41/12—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
  • F16D41/125—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like the pawl movement having an axial component
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
  • F16D41/12—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
  • F16D41/14—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like the effective stroke of the pawl being adjustable

Definitions

• This invention relates, in general, to the field of controllable or selectable coupling assemblies and, more particularly, to controllable or selectable coupling assemblies having a retained control element.
• a typical one-way clutch ⁇ i.e., OWC
• OWC includes a first coupling member, a second coupling member, and a first set of locking members between opposing surfaces of the two coupling members.
• the one-way clutch is designed to lock in one direction and to allow free rotation in the opposite direction.
• Two types of one-way clutches often used in vehicular, automatic transmissions include: roller type which includes spring-loaded rollers between inner and outer races of the one-way clutch. (Roller type is also used without springs on some applications); and sprag type which includes asymmetrically shaped wedges located between inner and outer races of the one-way clutch.
• Controllable or selectable one-way clutches are a departure from traditional one-way clutch designs.
• Selectable OWCs often add a second set of struts or locking members in combination with a slide plate. The additional set of locking members plus the slide plate adds multiple functions to the OWC.
• controllable OWCs are capable of producing a mechanical connection between rotating or stationary shafts in one or both directions.
• OWCs are capable of overrunning in one or both directions.
• a controllable OWC contains an externally controlled selection or actuation mechanism. Movement of this selection mechanism can be between two or more positions which correspond to different operating modes.
• U.S. Patent No. 5,927,455 discloses a bi-directional overrunning pawl-type clutch.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,244,965 discloses a planar overrunning coupling for transfer of torque.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,290,044 discloses a selectable one-way clutch assembly for use in an automatic transmission.
• U.S. Patent No. 7,258,214 discloses an overrunning coupling assembly.
• U.S. Patent No. 7,344,010 discloses an overrunning coupling assembly.
• U.S. Patent No. 7,484,605 discloses an overrunning radial coupling assembly or clutch.
• Coupled should be interpreted to include clutches or brakes wherein one of the plates is drivably connected to a torque delivery element of a transmission and the other plate is drivably connected to another torque delivery element or is anchored and held stationary with respect to a transmission housing.
• the term “coupling”, “clutch” and “brake” may be used interchangeably.
• An object of at least one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a controllable or selectable coupling assembly having an overrun mode and a retained control element wherein spin loss (i.e., drag torque) is reduced thereby resulting in increased transmission efficiency.
• spin loss i.e., drag torque
• a controllable or selectable coupling assembly having an overrun mode includes first and second coupling members having first and second coupling faces, respectively, in close-spaced opposition with one another. At least one of the members is mounted for rotation about an axis.
• the first coupling face has a plurality of recesses. Each of the recesses defines a load-bearing first shoulder.
• the second coupling face has at least one recess defining a load-bearing second shoulder a locking member is disposed between the coupling faces of the coupling members. The locking member is movable between first and second positions.
• the first position is characterized by abutting engagement of the locking member with a respective shoulder of each coupling member and the second position is characterized by a non-abutting engagement of the locking member with at least one of the coupling members.
• a control element is mounted for controlled movement between the coupling faces and is operable to control position of the locking member.
• the control element has at least one opening which extends completely therethrough to allow the locking member to extend therethrough to the first position in a control position of the control element.
• a retainer mechanism is operative to allow limited movement of the control element towards the first coupling face and prevent the control element from contacting the first coupling member in the overrun mode thereby reducing spin losses when the assembly is disengaged.
• the mechanism may include at least one groove formed in the first coupling member and at least one part integrally formed with the control element to move therewith. Each part is slidably received and retained within its respective groove to allow the controlled and limited movements.
• Each part may comprise a hold down tab.
• the mechanism may include an annular retaining member to retain the second coupling member and the control element together.
• the retaining member may comprise a snap ring.
• One of the coupling members may be a notch plate and the other of the coupling members may be a pocket plate.
• the assembly may be a controllable or selectable one-way clutch assembly.
• the locking member may be a reverse strut.
• the control element may be a control or selector plate rotatable about the axis.
• a controllable or selectable coupling assembly having an overrun mode includes first and second coupling members including first and second coupling faces, respectively, in close-spaced opposition with one another. At least one of the members is mounted for rotation about an axis.
• the first coupling face has a plurality of recesses. Each of the recesses defines a load-bearing first shoulder.
• the second coupling face has at least one recess defining a load-bearing second shoulder.
• At least one locking member is disposed between the coupling faces of the coupling members. Each locking member is movable between first and second positions.
• the first position is characterized by abutting engagement of the locking member with a respective shoulder of each coupling member and the second position is characterized by a non-abutting engagement of the locking member with at least one of the coupling members.
• At least one biasing member is carried by the second coupling member to bias its respective locking member toward the first position.
• a control element is mounted for controlled movement between the coupling faces and is operable to control position of each locking member.
• the control element has at least one opening which extends completely therethrough to allow its respective locking member to extend therethrough to the first position in a control position of the control element.
• Each biased locking member applies a locking member force on the control element.
• a retainer mechanism is operative to isolate each locking member force and prevent the control element from contacting the first coupling member in the overrun mode thereby reducing spin losses when the assembly is disengaged.
• the mechanism may include at least one groove formed in the first coupling member and at least one part integrally formed with the control element to move therewith. Each part is slidably received and retained within its respective groove to allow the controlled movement.
• Each part may comprise a hold down tab.
• the mechanism may include an annular retaining member to retain the second coupling member and the control element together.
• the retaining member may comprise a snap ring.
• Each biasing member may include a biasing spring.
• Each recess of the second coupling face may include an inner recess to receive its respective biasing spring.
• a controllable or selectable coupling assembly having an overrun mode includes first and second coupling members including first and second coupling faces, respectively, in close-spaced opposition with one another. At least one of the members is mounted for rotation about an axis.
• the first coupling face has a plurality of first recesses. Each of the first recesses defines a load-bearing first shoulder.
• the second coupling face has a plurality of second recesses. Each of the second recesses defines a load-bearing second shoulder.
• a plurality of locking members are disposed between the coupling faces of the coupling members. Each of the locking members is movable between first and second positions.
• the first position is characterized by abutting engagement of a locking member with a respective shoulder of each coupling member and the second position is characterized by a non-abutting engagement of the locking member with at least one of the coupling members.
• a control element is mounted for controlled movement between the coupling faces and is operable to control position of the locking members.
• the control element has a plurality of openings which extends completely therethrough to allow each of the locking members to extend therethrough to its respective first position in a control position of the control element.
• a retainer mechanism is operative to allow limited movement of the control element towards the first coupling face and prevent the control element from contacting the first coupling member in the overrun mode thereby reducing spin losses when the assembly is disengaged.
• the mechanism may include at least one groove formed in the first coupling member and at least one part integrally formed with the control element to move therewith. Each part is slidably received and retained within its respective groove to allow the controlled and limited movements.
• Each part may comprise a hold down tab.
• the mechanism may include an annular retaining member to retain the second coupling member and the control element together.
• the retaining member may comprise a snap ring.
• the coupling faces may be annular coupling faces.
• the annular coupling faces may be oriented to face axially along the axis wherein the retainer mechanism is operative to allow limited axial movement of the control element.
• Figure 1 is an enlarged perspective schematic view, partially broken away, of a control element (selector plate) with a tab which is retained by a retainer mechanism in the form of a radially thin, axially thick snap ring;
• Figure 2 is a perspective schematic view of a coupling member (i.e., pocket plate) with a number of locking members (reverse struts) wherein the selector plate is retained by a radially thick, axially thin snap ring without the need for a hold down tab on the selector plate;
• Figure 3 is a view, similar to the view of Figure 1, wherein the selector plate is held down by a retainer mechanism (i.e., groove in axially extending wall of coupling member including the pocket plate) without the need for a snap ring or axial tabs;
• a retainer mechanism i.e., groove in axially extending wall of coupling member including the pocket plate
• Figure 4 is a view, similar to the view of Figures 1 and 3, wherein the selector plate has an axial hold down tab which is inserted into an axially extending groove in the axially extending wall of the coupling member and then rotated in a circumferentially extending groove to the position illustrated to retain the selector plate.
• Figures 5 through 9 show how the control element is assembled to the coupling member including the pocket plate via the retainer mechanism;
• Figure 5 is a view, similar to the view of Figure 4, with the tab of the retainer mechanism positioned near the top of the axially extending groove of Figure 4;
• Figure 6 is a view, similar to the view of Figure 5, with the tab positioned in the axially extending groove;
• Figure 7 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 5 and 6, with the tab positioned near the bottom of the axially extending groove;
• Figure 8 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 5-7, with the tab now positioned in both the circumferentially extending groove and the axially extending groove;
• Figure 9 is a view, similar to the views of Figures 5-8, wherein the tab is now fully positioned in the circumferentially extending groove prior to movement of the tab to the position of Figure 4;
• Figure 10 is a side view, partially broken away and in cross section, of pocket, notch and selector plates with a reverse strut biased by a spring to an engaged position.
• the coupling assembly preferably comprises a controllable or selectable one-way clutch assembly, generally indicated at 10 in Figure 10.
• the assembly 10 includes first and second coupling members preferably in the form of a notch plate, generally indicated at 12, and a pocket plate, generally indicated at 14, respectively.
• the plates 12 and 14 include first and second coupling faces 16 and 18, respectively, in close-spaced opposition with one another. At least one of the plates 12 and 14 is mounted for rotation in a direction 19 about an axis.
• the first coupling face 16 has a plurality of recesses 20. Each of the recesses 20 defines a load-bearing first shoulder 22.
• the second coupling face 18 has at least one recess 24 which defines a load-bearing second shoulder 26.
• a locking member in the form of reverse strut, generally indicated at 28, is disposed between the coupling faces 16 and 18 of the coupling members 12 and 14, respectively.
• the strut 28 is movable between first and second positions.
• the first position (shown in Figure 10) is characterized by abutting engagement of the strut 28 with the shoulders 22 and 26.
• At least one biasing member such as a biasing, coil spring 30 is carried by the second coupling member 14 within an inner recess 32 of the recess 24 to bias its respective strut 28 toward the first position of Figure 10.
• a control element in the form of a selector or slide plate, generally indicated at 34, is operable to control position of the locking member or strut 28.
• the control element or plate 34 has at least one opening 38 which extends completely therethrough to allow its respective locking member 28 to extend therethrough to the first position ( Figure 10) in a control position of the control element 28.
• Each locking member 28 applies a locking member force on the control element 34 due to the biasing of the coil spring 30.
• Figures 1-9 show a coupling member including a pocket member or plate, generally indicated at 40, of a planar or overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• the coupling member includes an annular wall, generally indicated at 42, which is integrally formed with the pocket plate 40.
• a coupling member or notch plate (not shown in Figures 1 -9 but generally similar to the notch plate 12 of Figure 10) is preferably nested within the pocket plate 40.
• the notch plate is to be connected to a part (not shown) via internal splines formed on the notch plate, which engage splines on the part.
• the pocket plate 40 may be provided with external splines or locking members 44 as illustrated in Figures 2 and 4-9.
• An actuator (not shown) may be drivably connected to a selector or control element or plate, generally indicated at 50 in Figures 1-9, thereby causing the control plate 50 to be adjusted angularly with respect to a central axis about which at least one of the pocket and notch plates is rotatable.
• the control plate 50 is disposed between the pocket and notch plates for limited angular rotation relative to the pocket and notch plates, as generally illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 7,344,010, and has a plurality of apertures 52 extending completely therethrough as is described hereinbelow.
• the control element or plate 50 is typically not a full circular part thereby requiring less material to manufacture the part. Hence, the notch, pocket and control plates can be nested closer together during a stamping assembly operation. Also, because the control plate 50 may not be fully circular, it is easier to install into the clutch.
• the notch plate can free-wheel in one angular direction about the central axis relative to the pocket plate 40.
• the one-directional, free-wheeling motion is achieved in an operating mode when the actuator adjusts the angular position of the control plate 50 relative to the pocket plate 40 (such as via a fork) about the central axis to a forward position which is obtained by moving the control plate 50 angularly a few degrees (such as 10°) from its reverse position.
• the notch plate typically has an inside or reference surface with one or more notches or recesses formed therein and separated by common walls. The notch plate is adapted to be received in the pocket plate 40.
• the pocket plate 40 has an inside surface or face 46 with recesses 48 formed in corresponding pawl-holding portions of the plate 40. Located intermediate the inside surface or face 46 of the plate 40, is the control plate 50.
• FIG. 1-9 there are preferably a plurality of reverse struts or pawls, generally indicated at 60, received and retained in their respective recesses 48 in the pocket plate 40.
• a plurality of the pawls may be forward pawls for transferring torque in a forward direction about the central axis.
• the reverse struts 60 prevent rotation between the pocket and notch plates in a "reverse" direction about the central axis.
• control plate 50 When the control plate 50 is situated in its “forward” position it covers the “reverse” set of spring-biased pawls or struts 60.
• the spring-based struts 60 exert a force on the control plate 12 which urges the control plate 50 towards the notch plate.
• the control plate 50 When the control plate 50 is situated in its “reverse” position it does not cover the “reverse” set of struts 60.
• the "reverse” struts 60 When uncovered, the "reverse” struts 60 are allowed to ratchet relative to the pocket plate 40.
• the control plate 50 As shown in Figures 1-9, the control plate 50 is provided with the apertures 52. These are spaced and arranged angularly about the central axis.
• each aperture 52 When the control plate 50 is appropriately positioned in its "reverse" position, one aperture 52 will be disposed directly over each recess 48.
• the apertures 52 and the notches in the notch plate are sized so that portions of the reverse pawls 60 can enter the notches of pawl-receiving portions of the notch plate and engage shoulders of the notches to establish a locking action between the reverse pawls 60 and the notch plate that will prevent rotation between the pocket plate 40 and the notch plate.
• the reverse pawls 60 rotate downwardly into their recesses 48 and will be at least partially covered by the control plate 50 and prevented from moving pivotally upward.
• the notch plate can free-wheel about the central axis with respect to the pocket plate 40.
• the spring-biased struts 60 exert a spring force on the control plate 50.
• the coupling assembly also generally includes a retainer mechanism operative to isolate locking member force exerted on the control plate 50 and prevent the control element or plate 50 from contacting the notch plate in the overrun mode thereby reducing spin losses when the assembly is disengaged.
• the retainer mechanism may take the form of a ring, a groove, a combination of a ring and a groove to isolate reverse strut spring force and prevent the selector plate 50 from contacting the notch plate.
• the retainer mechanism includes at least one groove such as a circumferentially extending groove 62 formed in the inner surface of the wall 42 and at least one part or hold down tab 64 integrally formed with the control element 50 to move therewith.
• Each tab 64 is slidably received and retained within its respective groove 62 to allow the controlled movement.
• Figure 1 shows a retainer mechanism in the form of a radially thin, axially thick snap ring 66 which holds down one or more integrally formed tabs 68 on the selector plate 50 to perform this retaining function.
• Figure 2 shows a retainer mechanism in the form of a radially thick, axially thin snap ring 70 to perform this retaining function without the need for a hold down tab on the selector plate 50.
• Figure 3 shows the selector plate 50 being held down or retained within a circumferentially extending groove formed in the inner surface of the wall 42 without the need for a snap ring or axial tab.
• a coil spring such as the coil spring 30 of Figure 10 is typically located under each of the reverse pawls 60 within inner recesses 49 formed in the recesses 48 as shown in Figures 1 and 3.
• the pocket plate 40 and the notch plate are typically held axially fast by a retainer ring or snap-ring (not shown). The snap-ring is received and retained in a groove 58 formed in the wall 42 of the coupling member.
• the reverse struts 60 may be formed from a length of thin, cold-formed stock material, such as a cold-drawn or cold-rolled wire of spheroidized and annealed SAE 1065 steel. Each strut 60 may be tumbled to achieve a suitable edge/corner break, such as a maximum of 0.015 inches; hardened at 1550°F; oil quenched; and tempered at 350°F to a minimum hardness of 53 Rockwell-C.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Snaps, Bayonet Connections, Set Pins, And Snap Rings (AREA)
• Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-01-10 JP JP2015552788A patent/JP6416116B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-01-10 EP EP14738124.8A patent/EP2895758A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-01-10 WO PCT/US2014/010968 patent/WO2014110319A1/en active Application Filing

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