EP2895582A1 - Composition pour améliorer les propriétés à basse température et la stabilité à l'oxydation d'huiles végétales et de graisses animales - Google Patents

Composition pour améliorer les propriétés à basse température et la stabilité à l'oxydation d'huiles végétales et de graisses animales

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Publication number
EP2895582A1
EP2895582A1 EP13758889.3A EP13758889A EP2895582A1 EP 2895582 A1 EP2895582 A1 EP 2895582A1 EP 13758889 A EP13758889 A EP 13758889A EP 2895582 A1 EP2895582 A1 EP 2895582A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
meth
weight
acrylate
composition according
alkyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13758889.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rhishikesh GOKHALE
Ronny Sondjaja
Lisa BRÜNNER
Frank-Olaf Mähling
Justin August Langston
Torsten Stöhr
Jane Benito
Gwen TEH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Oil Additives GmbH
Original Assignee
Evonik Oil Additives GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evonik Oil Additives GmbH filed Critical Evonik Oil Additives GmbH
Priority to EP13758889.3A priority Critical patent/EP2895582A1/fr
Publication of EP2895582A1 publication Critical patent/EP2895582A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1835—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom having at least two hydroxy substituted non condensed benzene rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
    • C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants

Definitions

  • a composition to improve low temperature properties and oxidation stability of vegetable oils and animal fats The present invention relates to an additive composition to improve low temperature properties and oxidation stability of vegetable oils and animal fats.
  • the natural oil can be a vegetable oil such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, soya oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, jojoba oil, jatropa oil, olive oil etc, and an animal fat can be tallow, lard, chicken oil, whale sperm, etc.
  • Natural oils and fats offer a few advantages over mineral oils, such as their high flash points, low emissions of toxic substances, higher viscosity index, biodegradability, etc.
  • the major constituent of vegetable oils and animal fats is triglyceride, which is an ester, derived from glycerol and one or more free fatty acids.
  • the number of carbon atoms and the amount of saturation and unsaturation in the fatty acid chain define the properties, such as low temperature behaviour and oxidation stability of fats and oils.
  • the number of carbon atoms in fatty acids found in plants and animals ranges from C10 to C30 (most usual is C12 to C18).
  • the melting point of the fatty acids increases with an increasing number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain
  • the extent of saturation and unsaturation in the fatty acid chains of triglycerides can vary significantly depending upon the sources of oils and fats.
  • the saturated fatty acids have a higher melting point as compared to an unsaturated fatty acid chain.
  • Laurie acid saturated and C12
  • Arachidonic acid unsaturated and C20
  • -50°C melting point
  • oxidation stability of a coconut oil is better as compared to soya oil, as the latter has larger amount of unsaturation.
  • Oils and fats usually have issues with respect to their cold temperature properties, oxidative instability and show poor hydrolytic stability. To overcome these
  • oils and fats are not as responsive to the conventional pour point depressants compared to mineral oil-treatment. Also large dosages on antioxidants are required in order to acquire oxidation stability.
  • EP 2 305 753 B1 discloses a composition of cold flow additives derived from a mixture of PAMA and EVA-graft-(meth)acrylates which gives a boost in the cold flow performance of fossil fuel oil and biodiesel fuel oil.
  • the use of a variety of natural and synthetic antioxidants is mentioned improving the oxidation stability of vegetable oils. H. Sanders Gwin, Jr.
  • anti-oxidants such as butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), butylated hydrotoluene, tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), tertiary hydrobutrophenone, ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate and alpha-, beta-, or delta-tocopherol to improve the oxidation stability of one or more vegetable oils in a dielectric fluid.
  • BHA butylated hydroxyl anisole
  • TBHQ tertiary butyl hydroquinone
  • tertiary hydrobutrophenone ascorbyl palmitate
  • propyl gallate alpha-, beta-, or delta-tocopherol
  • antioxidant components are solid particles and contain polar functional groups
  • the finding of solvents that will carry higher concentrations of these antioxidants along with other additives, including CFIs, while being miscible with oils and fats is a challenge.
  • Patent application publication WO 2009/108851 A1 discloses compositions containing at least one phenolic antioxidant and at least one ethylene amine in aromatic solvents.
  • Patent application No. US 2007/0197412 A1 (Eastman Chemical Co.) describes the use of various organic solvents, including monofunctional alcohols, polyol, esters, ethers, glycol ethers, ketones and their combinations, to formulate concentrated phenolic antioxidants and metal-chelating compounds.
  • 2008/0274921 A1 (Luedeka, Neely & Graham, P.C.) describes additive compositions for an environmentally compatible lubricant of PAMA-based PPD and antioxidants besides a number of other tribologically functional components. This application also describes the composition of an environmentally compatible lubricant comprising a vegetable oil together with the additive composition as described earlier.
  • Patent application publication no. WO 02/00815 A2 discloses biodegradable vegetable oil compositions comprising at least on vegetable oil, wherein the latter comprises at least one genetically modified vegetable oil, a PPD, which comprises alkylated polystyrene or PAMA, and amine based antioxidant.
  • a further improvement of the oxidation stability and the cold flow properties is an enduring challenge.
  • the combination of a cold flow improver and an antioxidant should provide a synergistic improvement. At least, no essential decrease in any of these properties should be achieved.
  • the present invention highlights additive formulations containing cold flow improver and antioxidant in stable, miscible solution, which offers significant cold flow improvement (pour point depressant (PPD) activity) and enhanced oxidation stability of natural oils and fats.
  • PPD pour point depressant
  • EVA-graft-PAMA is essential in order to maintain homogeneity of the additive formulation, i.e. keeping the individual components together in one phase. According to the second finding, the presence of EVA-graft-PAMA provides a boost in cold flow improvement of the oil.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention is therefore directed to an additive composition, comprising: (A) 35% to 50% by weight of at least one polyalkyl (meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight M n of from 15000 to 75000 g/mol;
  • the composition of the present invention preferably comprises at least one polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight M n of from 15000 to 75000 g/mol and a polydispersity M w /M n of from 1 to 8.
  • a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having the properties mentioned above with an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer provides a synergistic improvement in oxidation stability and low
  • Polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers are polymers comprising units being derived from alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers.
  • the term (meth)acrylates includes methacrylates and acrylates as well as mixtures thereof. These monomers are well known in the art.
  • the alkyl residue of the ester compounds can be linear, cyclic or branched. The monomers can be used individually or as mixtures of different alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers to obtain the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers useful for the present invention.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers comprise at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight and more preferably at least 90% by weight alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers having 7 to 20, preferably 7 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers of component (A) useful for the present invention may comprise units being derived from one or more alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers of formula (I)
  • R denotes hydrogen or methyl
  • R 1 denotes a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl residue with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially 1 to 5 and preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • monomers according to formula (I) are, among others, (meth)acrylates which derived from saturated alcohols such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl
  • the polymer comprises units being derived from methyl methacrylate.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers useful for the present invention may comprise 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 20% by weight of units derived from one or more alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers of formula (I) based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer may be obtained preferably by free-radical polymerization. Accordingly the weight fraction of the units of the
  • polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer as mentioned in the present application is a result of the weight fractions of corresponding monomers that are used for preparing the inventive polymer.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer comprises units of one or more alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers of formula (II)
  • R denotes hydrogen or methyl
  • R 2 denotes a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl residue with 7 to 15 carbon atoms.
  • component (II) include
  • cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates such as cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate having a ring
  • the polymer comprises preferably about 40 to 99% by weight, more preferably about 60 to 95% by weight of units derived from monomers according to formula (II).
  • polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers useful for the present invention may comprise units being derived from one or more alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers of formula (III)
  • R denotes hydrogen or methyl
  • R 3 denotes a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl residue with 16 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • component (III) examples include (meth)acrylates which derive from saturated alcohols, such as hexadecyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methylhexadecyl (meth)acrylate, heptadecyl (meth)acrylate, 5-isopropylheptadecyl (meth)acrylate, 4-tert- butyloctadecyl (meth)acrylate, 5-ethyloctadecyl (meth)acrylate, 3-isopropyloctadecyl (meth)acrylate, octadecyl (meth)acrylate, nonadecyl (meth)acrylate, eicosyl
  • cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates such as 2,4,5-tri-t-butyl-3-vinylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2,3,4,5-tetra-t-butylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers useful for the present invention may comprise 0.1 to 40% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 35% by weight of units derived from one or more alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers of formula (III) based on the total weight of the polymer.
  • ester compounds with a long-chain alcohol residue especially monomers according to formulae (II) and (III), can be obtained, for example, by reacting
  • (meth)acrylates and/or the corresponding acids with long chain fatty alcohols where in general a mixture of esters such as (meth)acrylates with different long chain alcohol residues results.
  • These fatty alcohols include, among others, Oxo Alcohol® 791 1 and Oxo Alcohol ® 7900, Oxo Alcohol® 1 100 (Monsanto); Alphanol® 79 (ICI); Nafol® 1620, Alfol® 610 and Alfol® 810 (Sasol); Epal® 610 and Epal® 810 (Ethyl Corporation); Linevol® 79, Linevol® 91 1 and Dobanol® 25L (Shell AG); Lial 125 (Sasol); Dehydad® and Dehydad® and Lorol® (Cognis).
  • the polymer may contain units derived from comonomers as an optional component
  • comonomers include hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates like 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 2,5-dimethyl-1 ,6-hexanediol (meth)acrylate, 1 ,10-decanediol (meth)acrylate; aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates and aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides like N-(3-dimethyl- aminopropyl)methacrylamide, 3-diethylaminopentyl (meth)acrylate, 3-dibutyl- aminohexadecyl (meth)acrylate; nitriles of (meth)acrylic acid and other nitrogen-containing (meth)acrylates like N-(methacryloyloxyethyl)diisobutylketimine, N-(methacryl
  • (meth)acrylates of halogenated alcohols like 2,3-dibromopropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-bromophenyl (meth)acrylate, 1 ,3-dichloro-2-propyl (meth)acrylate, 2-bromoethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-iodoethyl (meth)acrylate, chloromethyl (meth)acrylate; oxiranyl (meth)acrylate like 2, 3-epoxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 3,4-epoxybutyl
  • (meth)acrylate glycidyl (meth)acrylate; phosphorus-, boron- and/or silicon-containing (meth)acrylates like 2-(dimethyl- phosphato)propyl (meth)acrylate, 2-(ethylphosphito)propyl (meth)acrylate,
  • the comonomers and the ester monomers of the formulae (I), (II) and (III) can each be used individually or as mixtures.
  • the proportion of comonomers can be varied depending on the use and property profile of the polymer. In general, this proportion may be in the range from 0 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 20% by weight and more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight. Owing to the combustion properties and for ecological reasons, the proportion of the monomers which comprise aromatic groups, heteroaromatic groups, nitrogen-containing groups, phosphorus-containing groups and sulphur-containing groups should be minimized. The proportion of these monomers can therefore be restricted to 1 % by weight, in particular 0.5% by weight and preferably 0.01 % by weight.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer comprises units derived from hydroxyl-containing monomers and/or (meth)acrylates of ether alcohols.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer preferably comprises 0.1 to 40% by weight, especially 1 to 20% by weight and more preferably 2 to 10% by weight of hydroxyl-containing monomer and/or
  • (meth)acrylates of ether alcohols based on the weight of the polymer.
  • the hydroxyl- containing monomers include hydroxyalkyi (meth)acrylates and vinyl alcohols. These monomers have been disclosed in detail above.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers of component (A) preferably have a number average molecular weight M n in the range of 15000 to 75000 g/mol
  • the polydispersity M w /M n of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers preferably is in the range from of 1 to 8, especially from 1 .05 to 6.0, more preferably from 1 .1 to 5.0 and most preferably from 1 .1 to 4.
  • the weight average molecular weight M w , the number average molecular weight M n and the polydispersity M w /M n can be determined by GPC using a methyl methacrylate polymer as standard.
  • polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymers are not critical for many applications and properties. Accordingly, these polymers may be random
  • the present composition comprises at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue as component (B).
  • Polymers comprising units being derived from ethylene, vinyl acetate and at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue can be obtained by the polymerisation of corresponding monomer compositions.
  • Ethylene and vinyl acetate are commercially available from a number of suppliers.
  • Alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue are described below and above and reference is made thereto.
  • ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers may contain 1 to 60% by weight, particularly 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of units being derived from ethylene based on the total of the repeating units. Particular preference is given to ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers containing preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, especially 2 to 40% by weight or 3 to 40% by weight and more preferably 5 to 10% by weight of vinyl acetate based on the total of the repeating units.
  • the amount of alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue is in the range of from 10% by weight to 90% by weight, especially in the range of from 30 to 80% by weight and more preferably in the range of from 60 to 80% by weight based on the total of the repeating units.
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers preferably comprise from 30 to 90% by weight, more preferably from 60 to 80% by weight, of units being derived from at least one alkyl
  • the molar ratio of ethylene to vinyl acetate of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer could be in the range of 100:1 to 1 :2, more preferably in the range of 20:1 to 2:1 , especially preferably 10:1 to 3:1 .
  • the molar ratio of alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue to vinyl acetate of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably in the range of 50:1 to 1 :2, more preferably in the range of 10:1 to 1 :1 , especially preferably 5:1 to 2:1 .
  • the molar ratio of ethylene to alkyl (meth)acrylates having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably in the range of 10:1 to 1 :20, more preferably in the range of 2:1 to 1 :10, especially preferably 1 :1 to 1 :5.
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer may contain further comonomers. These monomers are mentioned above and below and reference is made thereto. Especially preferred are vinyl esters and olefins. Suitable vinyl esters derive from fatty acids having linear or branched alkyl groups having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • Examples include vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl heptanoate, vinyl octanoate, vinyl laurate and vinyl stearate, and also esters of vinyl alcohol based on branched fatty acids, such as vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl isononanoate, vinyl neononanoate, vinyl neodecanoate and vinyl neoundecanoate.
  • Suitable olefins include propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene,
  • ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer may comprise from 0 to 20% by weight and more preferably from 1 to 10% by weight of units being derived from
  • ester-comprising polymers may be random copolymers, gradient copolymers, block copolymers and/or graft copolymers.
  • ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers is a graft copolymer having an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as graft base and an alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue as graft layer.
  • the weight ratio of graft base to graft layer is in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :20 more preferably 1 :2 to 1 :10.
  • the polydispersity M w /M n of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers may be in the range from of 1 to 8, preferably from 1 .05 to 6.0 and most preferably from 1 .2 to 5.0.
  • the weight average molecular weight M w , the number average molecular weight M n and the polydispersity M w /M n can be determined by GPC using a methyl
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers to be used in accordance with the invention can be prepared by the free radical polymerization method mentioned above and reference is made thereto.
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers can be manufactured according to the method described in EP-A 406684 (Rohm GmbH).
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is a graft copolymer having an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as graft base.
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer useful as graft base preferably have a number average molecular weight M n in the range of 1000 to 100 000 g/mol, especially in the range of 5000 to 80 000 g/mol and more preferably in the range of 10 000 to 50 000 g/mol.
  • (meth)acrylate from the above-described monomers is known per se.
  • ATRP Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
  • RAFT Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer
  • NMP processes nitroxide- mediated polymerization
  • these polymers are also available by anionic polymerisation.
  • the usable initiators include the azo initiators widely known in the technical field, such as 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2'-azo-bis- (2-methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) and 1 ,1 -azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, and also peroxy compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxypivalate, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert- amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert
  • AIBN 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
  • AMBN 2,
  • chain transfer agents can be used. Suitable chain transfer agents are in particular oil-soluble mercaptans, for example dodecyl mercaptan or 2-mercaptoethanol, or else chain transfer agents from the class of the terpenes, for example terpineols.
  • the polymers can be achieved by using high amounts of initiator and low amounts of chain transfer agents.
  • polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer useful for the present invention may comprise 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight and more preferable 4 to 8% by weight initiator based on the amount of monomers.
  • the amount of chain transfer agents can be used in an amount of 0 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 1 % by weight and more preferable 0.02 to 0.1 % by weight based on the amount of monomers.
  • the ATRP process is known per se. It is assumed that it is a "living" free-radical polymerization, without any intention that this should restrict the description of the mechanism. In these processes, a transition metal compound is reacted with a compound which has a transferable atom group.
  • catalytic chain transfer processes using cobalt (II) chelates complex can be used to prepare the polymers useful for the present invention as disclosed in US 4,694,054 (Du Pont Co) or US 4,526,945 (SCM Co).
  • the polymers may be obtained, for example, also via RAFT methods. This process is presented in detail, for example, in WO 98/01478 and WO 2004/083169, to which reference is made explicitly for the purposes of disclosure.
  • polymers are also obtainable by NMP processes (nitroxide-mediated polymerization), which is described, inter alia, in US Patent No. 4,581 ,429.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer can be obtained according to a method described in US 4,056,559 (Rohm & Haas Co) Particularly, potassium methoxide solution can be used as initiator.
  • the polymerization may be carried out at standard pressure, reduced pressure or elevated pressure.
  • the polymerization temperature too is uncritical. However, it is generally in the range of -200°C to 200°C, especially 0°C to 190°C, preferably 60°C to 180°C and more preferably 120°C to 170°C. Higher temperatures are especially preferred in free radical polymerizations using high amounts of initiators.
  • the polymerization may be carried out with or without solvent.
  • solvent is to be understood here in a broad sense.
  • the polymerization is preferably carried out in a nonpolar solvent.
  • nonpolar solvent include hydrocarbon solvents, for example aromatic solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene, saturated hydrocarbons, for example cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, which may also be present in branched form.
  • hydrocarbon solvents for example aromatic solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene, saturated hydrocarbons, for example cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, which may also be present in branched form.
  • solvents may be used individually and as a mixture.
  • Particularly preferred solvents are mineral oils, diesel fuels of mineral origin, naphthenic solvents, natural vegetable and animal oils, biodiesel fuels and synthetic oils (e.g. ester oils such as dinonyl adip
  • the composition of the present invention may preferably comprise at least one polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer.
  • the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer may comprise units being derived from ethylene and vinyl acetate as comonomers.
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer differs from the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate copolymer.
  • the amounts of ethylene and/ or vinyl acetate in the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer are higher than in the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer. Therefore the present composition may preferably comprise at least two polymers being different in their ethylene and/or vinyl acetate proportion. The weight ratio of both polymers may be in a wide range.
  • the weight ratio of the polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight M n of from 15000 to 75000 g/mol and a polydispersity M w /M n of from 1 to 8 to the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue is in the range of from 40:1 to 1 :10, particularly 20:1 to 1 :2, especially 15:1 to 1 :1 , more preferably 10:1 to 3:1 and most preferably 6:1 to 5:1 .
  • the inventive composition further comprises at least one antioxidant as component (C).
  • the antioxidant used in the present invention is in the general class known as free radical inhibitors and/or antioxidants. More specifically the antioxidants used are well known as disclosed in the documents mentioned above.
  • antioxidants useful for the present invention are disclosed in US patent application publication no. 2004/0139649, US 2006/0219979 and US 2009/094887A1 and international publication WO 2009/108747 A1 .
  • the antioxidants are generally commercially available.
  • Antioxidants include e.g. aromatic compounds and/or nitrogen containing
  • Organic nitrogen compounds being useful as antioxidant are known in themselves. Besides one or more nitrogen atoms, they contain alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl groups, and the nitrogen atom may also be a member of a cyclic group.
  • nitrogen containing compounds include amine-containing antioxidant components.
  • examples include naphthylamine derivative, diphenylamine derivative, p-phenylene diamine derivative, and quinoline derivative as mentioned e.g. in CN 101353601 A, nitro-aromatics, e.g. nitro benzene, di-nitrobenzene, nitro-toluene, nitro-napthalene, and di-nitro-napthalene and alkyl nitro benzenes and poly aromatics as mentioned e.g. in WO 2008/056203 A2 and aliphatic amine as described e.g. in WO 2009/016400 A1 .
  • Preferred antioxidants comprise amines, such as thiodiphenylamine and
  • the antioxidant is an aromatic compound.
  • aromatic compounds comprise phenolic compounds; especially sterically hindered phenols, such as 2,4-di-f-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,4-dimethyl- 6-tert-butylphenol or 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol; tocopherol-compounds, preferably alpha-tocopherol; and/or hydroquinone ethers, such as hydroquinone monomethylether, 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole.
  • BHT 2,4-di-f-butylhydroxytoluene
  • 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol
  • hydroquinone ethers such as hydroquinone monomethylether, 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole.
  • phenolic compounds have 2 or more hydroxyl groups such as dihydroxybenzenes, preferably hydroquinone or derivatives thereof, such as alkyl hydroquinones, e.g. tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (DTBHQ), 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone or pyrocatechol or alkyl pyrocatechols, e.g. di-tert-butylbrenzcatechine.
  • alkyl hydroquinones e.g. tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (DTBHQ), 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone or pyrocatechol or alkyl pyrocatechols, e.g. di-tert-butylbrenzcatechine.
  • TBHQ tert-butylhydr
  • phenolic compounds having 3 or more hydroxyl groups are preferred. These compounds include e.g. propyl gallate and pyrogallol.
  • phenolic compounds are especially preferred.
  • the antioxidants can be used individually or as a mixture. Surprising results could be achieved with mixtures comprising phenolic compounds having at least two hydroxyl groups such as hydroquinones, propyl gallate and pyrogallol; and phenolic
  • the mixture may preferably comprise phenolic compounds having at least three hydroxyl groups such as propyl gallate and pyrogallol; and phenolic compounds having exactly two hydroxyl groups such as hydroquinone or derivatives thereof.
  • the two antioxidants can preferably be at a weight ratio of in the range of about 20:1 to 1 :20, especially more preferably 10:1 to 1 :10, more preferably 5:1 to 1 :5.
  • the two antioxidants can preferably be at a weight ratio of in the range of about 20:1 to 1 :20, especially more preferably 10:1 to 1 :10, more preferably 5:1 to 1 :5.
  • concentrations and ratios of antioxidants are examples of concentrations and ratios of antioxidants.
  • the composition comprises a mixture stabilizer as component (D), preferably phenolic compounds having exactly one hydroxyl groups such as hydroquinone ethers, sterically hindered phenols, such as 2,4-di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol or 2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; and/or tocopherol-compounds, preferably alpha- tocopherol.
  • phenolic compounds having exactly one hydroxyl groups such as hydroquinone ethers, sterically hindered phenols, such as 2,4-di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol or 2,6-di- tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; and/or tocopherol-compounds, preferably alpha- tocopherol.
  • BHT 2,4-di-tert-buty
  • sterically hindered phenols such as 2,4-di-tert- butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- methylphenol can be used as mixture stabilizer with 2,4-di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene being more preferred.
  • BHT 2,4-di-tert- butylhydroxytoluene
  • 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- methylphenol can be used as mixture stabilizer with 2,4-di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene being more preferred.
  • the composition according to the present invention can be prepared by mixing the components mentioned above.
  • Solvents can be used for accomplishing the mixing.
  • Preferred solvents are polar organic solvents, especially ethers and esters.
  • ethers and esters comprise glycol groups.
  • Preferred solvents of component (E) include ethers, more preferably glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxyethanol), ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (2-ethoxyethanol), ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (2- propoxyethanol), ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether (2-isopropoxyethanol), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-butoxyethanol), ethylene glycol monophenyl ether (2-phenoxyethanol), ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether (2-benzyloxyethanol), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (2- (2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (dimethoxyethane), ethylene glycol diethyl ether (diethoxyethane) and ethylene glycol di
  • diethylene glycol solvents are preferred, especially diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
  • Preferred esters having glycol groups include ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate (2-methoxyethyl acetate), ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (2-ethoxyethyl acetate) and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (2-butoxyethyl acetate).
  • an additive composition comprises at most 70% by weight, especially at most 50% by weight and more preferably at most 30% by weight of solvent.
  • an additive composition comprises at least 2% by weight, especially at least 5% by weight and more preferably at least 10% by weight of mixture stabilizer.
  • an additive composition comprises at least 2% by weight, especially at least 5% by weight and more preferably at least 10% by weight of mixture
  • an additive composition comprises at least 10% by weight, especially at least 20% by weight and more preferably at least 25% by weight of cold flow improver.
  • the cold flow improver comprises a mixture of more preferably a mixture of at least one
  • polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight M n of from 15000 to 75000 g/mol and a polydispersity M w /M n of from 1 to 8 and at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue.
  • compositions provide homogenous miscible mixture which can improve both cold flow and oxidation stability of vegetable oils and animal fats.
  • the mixture stabilizer and the cold flow improver are mixed as a first solution, while the antioxidant is solved in a solvent to form a second solution.
  • the first and the second solution can be mixed, preferably at a temperature in the range of 40 to 100°C, more preferably at a temperature in the range of 60 to 80°C to form a homogenous additive mixture which can improve both cold flow and oxidation stability of vegetable oils and animal fats.
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl
  • (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue can be added to the first and/or second solution.
  • an additive composition comprising a mixture of at least one
  • polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight M n of from 15000 to 75000 g/mol and a polydispersity M w /M n of from 1 to 8 and at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue provides a stable liquid composition.
  • the stability and miscibility can be improved by using a mixture stabilizer and/or a solvent.
  • Examples of vegetable oils which can be used in accordance with the invention are palm oil, rapeseed oil, coriander oil, soya oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, groundnut oil, corn oil, almond oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard seed oil, jojoba oil, jatropa oil, olive oil etc.
  • Examples of animal fats which can be used in accordance with the invention are oils which are derived from animal tallow, especially beef tallow, bone oil, fish oils, lard, chicken oil, whale sperm, etc. and used cooking oils. Further examples include oils which derive from cereal, wheat, jute, sesame, rice husks, jatropha, arachis oil and linseed oil.
  • PP tests as mentioned in ASTM D97.
  • Oxidation stability of oils and fats is normally evaluated via Rancimat test (EN 141 12), measured at 1 10°C.
  • Rancimat test EN 141 12
  • a purified air stream is fed through the sample to induce the formation of volatile acids formed from the oxidation process.
  • volatile acids are then distilled into a measurement vessel containing deionised water, in which the conductivity of the solution is measured.
  • the end of induction period is measured as the conductivity increases.
  • Typical induction periods for rapeseed oil are 5 to 7 h and 1 to 2 h for sunflower oil.
  • antioxidants include BHA (butylated hydroxy anisole), BHT (butylated hydroxy toluene), TBHQ (tertiary butylated hydroxy quinone) etc., which are successfully used to improve the cold flow behaviour of vegetable oils and animal fats.
  • antioxidants and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue in a concentration of 0.01 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight, as a flow improver in fuel compositions which comprise vegetable oils and/or animal fats accordingly provides lubricant compositions with exceptional properties, especially a high oxidation stability and good cold flow properties.
  • fuel compositions which comprise vegetable oils and/or animal fats accordingly provides lubricant compositions with exceptional properties, especially a high oxidation stability and good cold flow properties.
  • the invention will be illustrated in detail hereinafter with reference to examples and comparative examples, without any intention that this should impose a restriction. Unless otherwise specified, the percentages are weight percent.
  • PAMA-I which has a number average molecular weight (M n ) in the range of 35000 g/mol to 75000 g/mol, can be prepared by the following method:
  • a reaction vessel was charged with 10.24 g stearyl methacrylate (SMA), 52.7 g dodecyl pentadecyl methacrylate (DPMA), 7 g methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 0.2 g n-dodecyl mercaptan. The resulting mixture was stirred under nitrogen inert conditions and heated up to a reaction temperature of 1 15°C. An initiator mixture containing 0.18 g tert-butyl-per-2-ethyl-hexanoate and 7.8 g diisononyladipate was separately prepared. The initiator mixture was fed to the reaction mixture for 150 minutes in two steps.
  • Step-1 2.0 gram of initiator mixture over 90 minutes at 1 15°C
  • step-2 3.35 gram of initiator mix over 60 minutes at 1 15°C.
  • 0.24 g of tert-butyl- per-2-ethyl-hexanoate was added in the remaining initiator mix and was fed for 60 minutes at 105°C. The reaction was held for another 30 minutes at 105°C.
  • PAMA-II which has a number average molecular weight (M n ) in the range of 35000 g/mol to 75000 g/mol, can be prepared by the following method:
  • a reaction vessel was charged with 50.4 g lauryl methacrylate (LMA), 19.6 g SMA and 0.35 g n-dodecyl mercaptan. The resulting mixture was stirred under nitrogen inert conditions and heated up to a reaction temperature of 120°C. An initiator mixture containing 0.143 g tert-butyl-per-2-ethyl-hexanoate and 0.445 g canola oil was separately prepared. The initiator mixture was fed to the reaction mixture for 100 minutes in three steps.
  • Step-1 0.06 gram of initiator mixture over 30 minutes at 120°C
  • step-2 0.12 gram of initiator mixture over 40 minutes at 120°C
  • step-3 0.42 gram of initiator mixture over 30 minutes at 105°C.
  • the reaction was held for another 30 minutes at 105°C. Thereafter, 29.05 gram of Canola oil was added to bring the product to a desired dilution.
  • the molecular weights of PAMA-I and PAMA-II were determined by SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatography):
  • DPMA dodecyl pentadecyl methacrylate
  • Example 4 Preparation of CFI-I (cold flow improver-l) additive containing PAMA-I and EVA-graft-PAMA
  • Example 6 Preparation of additive composition containing antioxidants and cold flow improvers (Additive A-1 )
  • solution I 15 g of TBHQ in 15 g of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether at 60°C under nitrogen inert conditions for a minimum of one hour.
  • solution II blend 50 g of CFI-I and 20 g of BHT at 60°C under nitrogen inert for a minimum of one hour.
  • solution II Later mix solution I and solution II at 60°C under nitrogen inert conditions for another one hour.
  • the final mixture contains 50% CFI-I, 15% TBHQ, 15% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 20% BHT
  • Example 7 Preparation of additive composition containing antioxidants and cold flow improvers (Additive A-2)
  • solution I In a 50 mL reaction flask, dissolve 15 g of TBHQ in 15 g of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether at 60°C under nitrogen inert conditions for a minimum of one hour. The latter solution is termed as solution I. In a separate 150 mL reaction flask, blend 50 g of CFI-II and 20 g of BHT at 60°C under nitrogen inert conditions for a minimum of one hour. The latter mixture is termed as solution II. Later mix solution I and solution II at 60°C under nitrogen inert conditions for another one hour. The final mixture contains 50% CFI-II, 15% TBHQ, 15% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and 20% BHT (Additive A-2).
  • Example 8 Comparative Examples Comparative examples B1 to B6 were all prepared in the similar manner to the preparation of Additive A-1 and Additive A-2.
  • comparative example B-1 which is a cold flow improver for fossil diesel oil and biodiesel oil, uses greater C16 and C18 fractions compared to A-1 and A-2.
  • 42.5% PAMA in comparative example B-2 which is also a cold flow improver for fossil diesel oil and biodiesel oil, has a number average molecular weight below 10,000 g/mol, which is significantly lower as compared to A-1 and A-2.
  • the comparative examples B-3 to B-6 consist of CFI (cold flow improver) combinations, which exclude EVA-graft-PAMA.
  • the comparative example B-3 and B-5 used 47% PAMA-II that equals the polymer actives in comparison to the CFI combination used in A-2. Whereas, in the comparative example B-4 and B-6 simply replaces the EVA- graft-PAMA fraction by high oleic sunflower oil and soybean oil, respectively.
  • the comparative examples B-3 to B-6 do not contain EVA-graft-PAMA. As shown in the Table 2, it is clearly indicates that the without the presence of EVA-graft-PAMA, the individual components in the additive formulation are immiscible.
  • examples C-1 and C-2 are PAMA formulations with and without presence of EVA-graft-PAMA. C-1 and C-2 were then evaluated with respect to the pour point activity in 201 1/53.
  • EVA-graft-PAMA not only stabilizes the additive formulation, but also boosts the pour point of the oils and fats, as shown in Table 3.
  • the additive formulation which is a homogenous solution, can be used to improve the pour point and the oxidation stability of various oils and fats, without any antagonistic effects, as shown in Table 4.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition comprenant : (A) au moins un polymère poly(méth)acrylate d'alkyle de masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre Mn de 15 000 à 75 000 g/mol ; (B) au moins un copolymère éthylène acétate de vinyle comprenant des motifs dérivant d'au moins un (méth)acrylate d'alkyle comportant de 1 à 30 atomes de carbone dans le résidu alkyle ; (C) un antioxydant de type phénolique ; (D) un stabilisant de mélange ; et (E) un solvant éther de glycol. La composition est utile pour améliorer l'écoulement à froid et la stabilité à l'oxydation d'huiles végétales et de graisses animales.
EP13758889.3A 2012-09-13 2013-09-06 Composition pour améliorer les propriétés à basse température et la stabilité à l'oxydation d'huiles végétales et de graisses animales Withdrawn EP2895582A1 (fr)

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EP13758889.3A EP2895582A1 (fr) 2012-09-13 2013-09-06 Composition pour améliorer les propriétés à basse température et la stabilité à l'oxydation d'huiles végétales et de graisses animales

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SG11201501909XA (en) 2015-04-29
KR20150054817A (ko) 2015-05-20
CN104619816A (zh) 2015-05-13
US20150232783A1 (en) 2015-08-20
MX2015003328A (es) 2015-06-05
AU2013314451B2 (en) 2016-10-13
JP2015528523A (ja) 2015-09-28
RU2015113314A (ru) 2016-11-10
WO2014040919A1 (fr) 2014-03-20
CA2884715A1 (fr) 2014-03-20
BR112015005131A2 (pt) 2017-07-04
AU2013314451A1 (en) 2015-03-05

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