EP2894430A1 - Firearm with multiple sensors for detecting an operating state of the firearm - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a firearm (1; 100; 200) comprising a plurality of sensors (39) for detecting an operating state of the firearm and for outputting corresponding sensor signals. In order to facilitate and speed up the arrangement and replacement of the sensors (39), it is proposed that the sensors (39) be combined to form a sensor block (30) which is mounted as a unit at a suitable position in the firearm (1; 200) can be arranged and removed therefrom. The sensors (39) can be designed as capacitive, inductive, optical (36, 37) and / or Hall sensors. The sensor block (30) can be arranged and fastened inside a housing (10) of a firearm (1) or in an opening or recess (10 ') in the housing (10) of a firearm (100; 200) as part of the housing (10) be.

Description

The present invention relates to a firearm comprising a plurality of sensors for detecting an operating state of the firearm and for outputting corresponding sensor signals. Furthermore, the invention relates to a group of several sensors for installation in a firearm for detecting an operating state of the firearm and for outputting corresponding sensor signals.

Due to the deadly dangers posed by the operation of firearms, it is essential that the use of firearms be extensively trained. One Such training often involves firing blanks or real ammunition. High levels of noise, pods and other remnants of fired cartridges, harmful burned powder gases, environmental restrictions, high costs and a general danger to the shooter and bystanders are major disadvantages with regard to the use of blanks or real ammunition.

In order to overcome these disadvantages, weapons simulators have been presented in the prior art, on which the use and the use of any firearms can be trained as realistic as possible. As a weapon simulator, a shooting range is referred to below, on the basis of using rebuilt for training purposes firearms, the use and use of appropriate original weapons can be trained as realistic as possible without blanks or real ammunition must be fired. Such a weapon simulator is, for example, from the DE 100 42 982 A1 known. Furthermore, a weapon simulator is distributed by the applicant under the name Sagittarius®, which is used, for example, in the German Federal Armed Forces under the name AGSHP (training device shooting simulator handguns / antitank handguns).

The rebuilt firearms used in the popular weapon simulators do not fire blanks or real ammunition. Nevertheless, in order to allow the most realistic possible training, a recoil movement when firing the firearms is simulated by means of compressed air. From the US 4,302,190 For example, a converted firearm in the form of a rifle is known in which compressed air from downwardly facing orifices enters the rifle barrel when a "shot" is fired to force the barrel up to simulate recoil. In this case, a switch on the trigger (so-called trigger) operates an electromagnetic valve to control the flow of compressed air to the openings in the gun barrel. Further, a recoil of a converted firearm when "firing" a shot by a triggered by compressed air movement of a movable in the firearm slide assembly or a movable shutter of the firearm can be realized. The sliding assembly or the closure is driven against a stop, which simulates recoil. In particular, when the trigger is actuated, the slide assembly or shutter is pneumatically displaced into a reciprocating motion (so-called motion cycle) which can also simulate the ejection of the "fired" cartridge and the reloading of a new cartridge from a magazine of the firearm. Such a converted firearm is, for example, from the WO 2004/015357 A2 known.

To supply the converted firearm with compressed air various possibilities are conceivable. On the one hand, the firearm can be connected via a pneumatic line to a compressor, which generates the compressed air. In the firearm, a pneumatic valve can be arranged, which controls the compressed air supply to the pneumatic system of the firearm. Upon actuation of the trigger of the firearm, the valve may open and allow compressed air to flow into the pneumatic system of the firearm to effect the reciprocation of the slide assembly or closure. To operate the firearm or the movable slide assembly or the movable closure, a pressure of about 300 to 400 bar is required. In the case described, the full pressure is constantly applied to the pneumatic line during training on the weapon simulator.

On the other hand, the firearm can be connected via a pneumatic line to a controlled compressed air supply unit (so-called Weapon Connection Box) of the weapon simulator, which in turn is connected to the compressor. The compressed air supply unit comprises a pneumatic valve which supplies the compressed air to the Pneumatic line and on to the pneumatic system controls the firearm. Upon actuation of the trigger of the firearm, a corresponding sensor signal is transmitted to the compressed air supply unit, which opens the valve and briefly allows compressed air to flow into the pneumatic line and the pneumatic system of the firearm to effect the reciprocating movement of the sliding assembly or the closure. Thereafter, the valve closes again and the pneumatic line is depressurized again. In this case, therefore, only during the "firing" of a shot of the full pressure on the pneumatic line.

Further, the firearm for compressed air supply may have an internal compressed air reservoir, which can deliver controlled via a pneumatic valve of the firearm compressed air to the pneumatic system of the weapon. The compressed air reservoir is arranged either removably in the weapon, so that an empty reservoir removed and a new, filled with compressed air reservoir can be used, or the reservoir has an externally accessible port on which it from time to time, for example. Via a Pneumatic line can be filled with compressed air. A removable compressed air reservoir is, for example, part of a reusable magazine which can be detachably inserted into the firearm. Such a firearm is, for example, from the US 6,854,480 B2 and the US 7,306,462 B2 known. When pressing the shutter button the firearm may open the pneumatic valve and allow compressed air to flow into the pneumatic system of the firearm to effect the reciprocation of the slide assembly or closure. With such a converted firearm, the shooter can move freely in the weapon simulator and is not limited by a pneumatic line in its radius of movement.

Finally, the converted firearm can use compressed air cartridges for compressed air supply. These are used like conventional sharp cartridges directly into the chamber of the firearm or in a magazine. The compressed air cartridges have a compressed air reservoir which communicates with the environment via valve means integrated in the compressed air cartridge. In the compressed air reservoir compressed air is contained, which can be discharged by opening the valve means to the environment. Upon actuation of the trigger of the firearm, the valve means of the compressed air cartridge located in the chamber are opened so that the compressed air contained in the compressed air reservoir can escape into the pneumatic system of the firearm to effect a cycle of movement of the sliding assembly or the closure. As part of the movement cycle of the slide assembly or shutter, the "fired" cartridge may be ejected from the chamber and a new cartridge from the magazine loading the chamber. Such converted firearm is, for example, from the filed by the applicant on 27.11.2013 at the German Patent and Trademark Office DE 10 2013 224 209 known. Also in the in the WO 2004/015357 A2 is described such a converted firearm. When using a compressed air cartridge for compressed air supply to a converted firearm, a particularly realistic simulation of the use and use of the firearm is possible.

The simulated firearms used in the weapon simulator also have several sensors which detect the current operating state of the firearm and generate corresponding output signals. The detected operating state of the firearm includes, for example, a breakpoint (balancing on the target), a contact pressure of the shoulder rest, tilting of the weapon to the left or right, a position of the trigger, reaching an end point of the triggering movement ("firing" a shot), Magazine inserted (yes / no), carried out a magazine change, a tube change in certain firearms, and / or a jam (wedged cartridge). The corresponding sensor signals are transmitted to a central control unit of the weapon simulator and / or to the at least one controlled compressed air supply unit and evaluated there. The control unit or the Compressed air supply unit can generate suitable control signals for a corresponding simulation of the operation of the firearm and forward to corresponding actuators based on the sensor signals. Thus, the control unit or the compressed air supply unit, for example, generate control signals for the pneumatic valves in the compressed air supply unit and / or the firearm as a result of actuation of the trigger of the firearm and control them accordingly to trigger a pneumatically actuated cycle of movement of the sliding assembly or the closure. The transmission of the sensor signals by the simulated firearm and the transmission of the control signals for the actuators can be done via an electrical line or wirelessly. A wireless signal transmission can, for example, be implemented by radio or optically.

Despite the described advantages of a rebuilt for training purposes, pneumatic operated firearm for use in weapon simulators, it is also conceivable to use real original weapons that fire live ammunition or blanks, to train the handling and use of the firearm. For this purpose, the real original weapon can be equipped with a plurality of sensors for detecting the operating state of the firearm. Based on the recorded operating condition of the firearm, In particular, immediately before, during and immediately after firing a shot, the shooting activity of a shooter can be detected and analyzed particularly accurately. This allows a particularly efficient training of the shooter.

In the known firearms, it is disadvantageous that they must be equipped with suitable sensors for detecting an operating state of the firearm distributed over the entire firearm. The sensors arranged distributed in the firearm must be fastened separately and usually require a power supply line and a signal line which transmits the sensor signals from the sensor to communication means arranged in the firearm, which in turn transmits the sensor signals to the external control unit located outside the firearm.

In addition, the sensors can be controlled via the signal lines by means of control signals, if necessary. In the known firearms equipment with sensors and the corresponding electrical system for each firearm is done individually by hand and is therefore very complicated and expensive. In addition, the replacement of defective sensors is very expensive, since they must be removed by hand after dismantling the firearm new sensor must be installed in the firearm, which is associated with a mechanical attachment of the sensor and the power and signal lines in the firearm, and then the firearm must be reassembled. Based on the described prior art, the invention therefore has the object to provide a way to equip a firearm in a simple manner and quickly with sensors.

To solve this problem is proposed starting from the firearm of the type mentioned that the sensors are combined to form a sensor block, which can be arranged as a unit at a suitable position in the firearm and removed from it.

According to the invention, it is therefore proposed to combine as many of the sensors of a firearm as possible to form a sensor block which can be handled as one unit. In the sensor block several sensors of the firearm are mechanically integrated and electrically contacted. In this way, a plurality of combined to the sensor block sensors can be arranged and fixed with a handle at a suitable location in the firearm. The contacting of all sensors of the sensor block can also be done with a handle, for example. By a Plug element of the sensor block is brought into electrical contact with a corresponding plug element of the firearm. It is even conceivable that when inserting the sensor block in the firearm automatically the electrical contact between the connector elements of the sensor block and the firearm is made. Instead of using plug elements, it would also be conceivable that the sensor block or firearm has suitable contacting rails, with which corresponding resilient contacting pins of the firearm or of the sensor block come into contact when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm.

Often inside the case of a firearm an empty space is available, which can be used for the arrangement of the sensor block. For this purpose, it is necessary that the sensor block is adapted to the individual circumstances in the respective firearm type, depending on the type of sensors installed, the arrangement of the sensors in the sensor block and the dimensions of the sensor block. The design and the design of a sensor block is thus initially a bit more effort for the design and configuration of the sensor block compared to the distributed arrangement of individual sensors in a firearm. The subsequent installation and replacement of the sensors in the firearm designed by the sensor block much easier and faster than the distributed in the firearm arranged individual sensors. As a result, the availability of the converted firearm can be increased in a weapon simulator, since lengthy replacement of defective sensors can be omitted by suitable personnel. A sensor block with a defective sensor can be easily replaced by the shooter or the training leader without special technical knowledge against a new sensor block.

In particular, in modern firearms, it may happen that in the interior of the housing no sufficiently large empty space for the arrangement of a sensor block is present or that the housing can not be opened so far that a sensor block can be arranged inside. This is, for example, in cases made of plastic housings, which are often produced in one part as an injection molded part, or in cases of the case, which are indeed formed in several parts, but the housing parts are inextricably linked together. In such firearms, it is conceivable that the sensor block comprises a board with the sensors mounted thereon and contacted, wherein the sensor board is inserted as part of a housing of the firearm in this. To insert the sensor board in the housing can either an existing opening in Housing be used or it is introduced a corresponding opening in the housing, eg. By milling.

• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betätigungswegs eines Auslösers der Schusswaffe. Mit einem solchen Sensor kann der Abzugsweg in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit ermittelt werden. Dies kann bspw. Informationen darüber liefern, ob der Schütze den Abzug zu abrupt oder zu zögerlich betätigt hat. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe des Abzugs der Schusswaffe angeordnet ist.
• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Erreichens eines Endes des Betätigungswegs des Auslösers. Mit einem solchen Sensor kann das Auslösen eines "Schusses" detektiert werden. Ein entsprechendes Ausgangssignal des Sensors wird an eine zentrale Steuerungseinheit des Waffensimulators übermittelt, welche dann geeignete Ansteuersignale für Aktoren generieren und an diese übermitteln kann, welche eine "Schussabgabe" simulieren, indem bspw. Pneumatikventile angesteuert werden, so dass Druckluft in das Pneumatiksystem der Schusswaffe gelangen und einen Bewegungszyklus einer Gleitanordnung und/oder eines Verschlusses der Schusswaffe auslösen kann. Auch ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe des Abzugs der Schusswaffe angeordnet ist. Bei diesem Sensor kann es sich um den gleichen Sensor handeln, der auch zur Ermittlung des Betätigungswegs des Auslösers der Schusswaffe dient.
• Sensor zur Detektion eines in eine Magazinaufnahme der Schusswaffe eingesetzten bzw. nicht eingesetzten Magazins. Ein solcher Sensor dient dazu, ein in die Magazinaufnahme ordnungsgemäß eingesetztes Magazin zu detektieren. Selbst bei detektierter Betätigung des Abzugs wird ein simulierter "Schuss" nur dann abgegeben, wenn ein Magazin ordnungsgemäß in die Schusswaffe eingesetzt ist. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe der Magazinaufnahme der Schusswaffe angeordnet ist.
• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Erreichens eines Endes eines Betätigungswegs eines Verschlusses der Schusswaffe. Ein solcher Sensor dient dazu, einen vollständigen Bewegungszyklus des Verschlusses und damit ein ordnungsgemäßes Nachladen der Schusswaffe zu detektieren. Das Nachladen kann nur simuliert sein, wenn keine "abgefeuerte" Patrone aus der Kammer ausgeworfen und keine Patrone (auch keine Druckluftpatrone) aus dem Magazin in die Kammer der Schusswaffe geladen wird. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe des Bewegungswegs des Verschlusses angeordnet ist.

• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Bewegungszyklusses des Verschlusses der Schusswaffe. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Sensors kann nicht nur das Erreichen des Endpunkts des Betätigungswegs des Verschlusses ermittelt werden, sondern der Betätigungsweg in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit. Die entsprechenden Sensorsignale können bspw. zur Fehleranalyse verwendet werden, da eine zu langsame Betätigung des Verschlusses auf einen zu niedrigen Pneumatikdruck in dem Pneumatiksystem der Schusswaffe und damit auf einen zur Neige gehenden Druckluftvorrat hindeuten. Auch ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe des Bewegungswegs des Verschlusses angeordnet ist. Bei diesem Sensor kann es sich um den gleichen Sensor handeln, der auch zur Ermittlung des Erreichens des Endes des Betätigungswegs des Verschlusses der Schusswaffe dient.
• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Verkantens der Schusswaffe. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Sensors kann ein Verkanten der Schusswaffe, insbesondere nach links oder rechts, bevorzugt unmittelbar vor, während und/oder unmittelbar nach einer "Schussauslösung", detektiert werden. Dabei handelt es sich um einen typischen Fehler von Schützen, der durch Trainieren vermieden werden kann. Ein solcher Sensor kann bspw. als ein Lage- und/oder Beschleunigungssensor ausgestaltet sein, der an einer beliebigen Position in dem Sensorblock angeordnet sein kann.

• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Anpressdrucks eines Kolbens der Schusswaffe gegen ein Körperteil eines Schützen. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Sensors kann festgestellt werden, mit welchem Druck der Schütze die Schusswaffe, insbesondere unmittelbar vor, während oder unmittelbar nach einer "Schussabgabe", bspw. gegen seine Schulter drückt. Bei einem zu schwachen Anpressdruck handelt es sich um einen typischen Fehler von Schützen, der durch Trainieren vermieden werden kann. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe des Teils des Kolbens angeordnet ist, der gegen das Körperteil des Schützen gedrückt wird. Selbstverständlich ist es auch denkbar, dass der Anpressdruck mittelbar erfasst wird, indem bspw. eine Kraft erfasst wird, mit der der Schütze die Schusswaffe im Bereich des Griffs nach hinten zieht. In diesem Fall wäre der Sensor vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock an dem Griff angeordnet ist.
• Sensor zur Detektion einer Sicherung bzw. Feuerstellung der Schusswaffe. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Sensors kann erkannt werden, ob die Schusswaffe gesichert ist oder nicht. Ferner kann mit einem solchen Sensor erfasst werden, in welcher Feuerposition sich die Schusswaffe befindet. Mögliche Feuerpositionen sind bspw. Einzelfeuer, Zweischuss, Dreischuss oder Dauerfeuer. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe eines Wählhebels zur Sicherung bzw. Auswahl einer Feuerstellung der Schusswaffe angeordnet ist.
• Sensor zur Detektion einer Betätigung eines Hammers der Schusswaffe. Eine als Gewehr oder Pistole ausgebildete Schusswaffe weist in der Regel einen Hammer auf, der von dem Abzug der Schusswaffe mechanisch betätigt wird. Der Hammer schlägt entweder unmittelbar oder mittelbar bspw. über ein Schubstück, das Teil des Verschlusses ist, auf eine in der Kammer befindliche Patrone. Eine Betätigung des Hammers wird als Anzeichen für eine "Schussabgabe" detektiert. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe des Bewegungswegs des Hammers angeordnet ist.
• Lagesensor. Mit Hilfe von Lagesensoren kann die Lage (Position und Ausrichtung) der Schusswaffe im dreidimensionalen Raum ermittelt werden. Dabei kann die Richtung des Erdmagnetfelds ausgenutzt werden. Ein solcher Sensor kann an einer nahezu beliebigen Stelle in dem Sensorblock angeordnet werden.
• Beschleunigungssensor. Mit Hilfe von Beschleunigungssensoren kann eine Geschwindigkeitszunahme oder -abnahme einer Bewegung der Schusswaffe ermittelt werden. Dabei kann die auf eine Testmasse wirkende Trägheitskraft bestimmt werden. Ein solcher Sensor kann an einer nahezu beliebigen Stelle in dem Sensorblock angeordnet werden.

According to an advantageous development of the present invention, it is proposed that the sensor block identify at least two of the following sensors:

• Sensor for determining an actuation path of a trigger of the firearm. With such a sensor, the withdrawal path can be determined as a function of time. This may, for example, provide information as to whether the shooter has triggered the trigger too abruptly or too hesitantly. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block such that it is located near the trigger of the firearm when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm.
• A sensor for detecting reaching an end of the actuation path of the trigger. With such a sensor, the triggering of a "shot" can be detected. A corresponding output signal of the sensor is transmitted to a central control unit of the weapon simulator, which can then generate suitable drive signals for actuators and transmit them, which simulate a "firing", for example by controlling pneumatic valves, so that compressed air enters the pneumatic system of the firearm and a movement cycle of a slide assembly and / or a Closure of the firearm can trigger. Such a sensor is also preferably positioned in the sensor block in such a way that it is arranged near the trigger of the firearm when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm. This sensor may be the same sensor that also serves to determine the actuation path of the trigger of the firearm.
• Sensor for detecting a magazine inserted or not inserted in a magazine holder of the firearm. Such a sensor serves to detect a magazine correctly inserted into the magazine holder. Even if the trigger is detected, a simulated "shot" is fired only when a magazine is properly seated in the firearm. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block in such a way that, when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm, it is arranged in the vicinity of the magazine receptacle of the firearm.
• A sensor for detecting reaching an end of an actuating path of a shutter of the firearm. Such a sensor serves to detect a complete cycle of movement of the shutter and thus a proper reloading of the firearm. The reloading can only be simulated if no "fired" cartridge is ejected from the chamber and no cartridge (also no compressed air cartridge) from the magazine in the chamber of the firearm is loaded. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block such that it is located near the path of travel of the closure when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm.

• Sensor for determining a movement cycle of the shutter of the firearm. With the help of such a sensor, not only the reaching of the end point of the actuation path of the shutter can be determined, but the actuation path as a function of time. The corresponding sensor signals can be used, for example, for error analysis, since too slow an actuation of the closure indicates a too low pneumatic pressure in the pneumatic system of the firearm and thus a shortage of compressed air reservoir. Such a sensor is also preferably positioned in the sensor block in such a way that, when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm, it is arranged in the vicinity of the movement path of the closure. This sensor may be the same sensor which also serves to detect the reaching of the end of the actuating path of the shutter of the firearm.
• Sensor for detecting a tilting of the firearm. With the aid of such a sensor, tilting of the firearm, in particular to the left or right, preferably immediately before, during and / or immediately after a "shot triggering" detected become. This is a typical mistake by shooters that can be avoided by training. Such a sensor may, for example, be designed as a position and / or acceleration sensor, which may be arranged at any position in the sensor block.

• Sensor for determining a contact pressure of a piston of the firearm against a body part of a shooter. With the help of such a sensor can be determined with what pressure the shooter presses the firearm, especially immediately before, during or immediately after a "firing", for example, against his shoulder. A too low contact pressure is a typical error of shooters, which can be avoided by exercising. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block such that when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm, it is located near the part of the piston which is pressed against the body part of the shooter. Of course, it is also conceivable that the contact pressure is detected indirectly by, for example, a force is detected, with which the shooter pulls the firearm in the region of the handle to the rear. In this case, the sensor would preferably be positioned in the sensor block such that it is located on the handle when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm.
• Sensor for detecting a fuse or Firing position of the firearm. With the help of such a sensor can be detected whether the firearm is secured or not. Furthermore, it can be detected with such a sensor in which fire position the firearm is located. Possible fire positions are for example single fire, two shots, three shots or continuous fire. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block in such a way that it is arranged in the vicinity of a selector lever for securing or selecting a firing position of the firearm when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm.
• Sensor for detecting an actuation of a hammer of the firearm. A gun designed as a rifle or pistol usually has a hammer which is mechanically operated by the trigger of the firearm. The hammer strikes either directly or indirectly, for example via a thrust piece, which is part of the closure, on a cartridge located in the chamber. An operation of the hammer is detected as an indication of a "firing". Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block such that it is located near the path of movement of the hammer when the sensor block is inserted into the firearm.
• Position sensor. With the help of position sensors, the position (position and orientation) of the firearm in three-dimensional space can be determined. In this case, the direction of the earth's magnetic field can be exploited. Such a Sensor can be placed at almost any location in the sensor block.
• Acceleration sensor. With the aid of acceleration sensors, an increase or decrease in the speed of a movement of the firearm can be determined. In this case, the force acting on a test mass inertial force can be determined. Such a sensor can be placed at almost any location in the sensor block.

The sensor block according to the invention can be used in any form of firearms. The firearm may in particular be designed as a pistol, a rifle or a bazooka. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that the firearm is a real firearm that fires live ammunition or blanks. Such firearms can be used on a real shooting range. Even with such firearms, it may be advantageous for training purposes to determine and evaluate the operating state of the firearm, in particular immediately before, during and immediately after a firing.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that the Firearm a gun converted to training purposes with a movable slide assembly and / or a movable shutter for simulating a recoil when firing a shot and / or simulating a reloading of the firearm with a cartridge from a magazine inserted into the firearm, the slide assembly and / or or the closure are pneumatically actuated. Of course, the sensor block can also be used in other rebuilt for training purposes firearms, in which the operation of a sliding assembly and / or the closure is not pneumatic, but in another way, for example. Electric or electromagnetic, takes place.

The sensors arranged in the sensor block preferably operate without contact. They are advantageously designed as capacitive, inductive, optical and / or Hall sensors. Depending on which physical size (eg position, movement, heating, force, etc.) of the firearm is to be detected by a sensor and how this physical size is expressed in the firearm (positioning of a magazine in magazine receptacle, closure reaches an endpoint of Movement cycle, vibrations due to impact of the closure on a stop, etc.), a suitable type of sensor can be selected and installed in the sensor block. It is conceivable that the corresponding components of the firearm whose position or movement is to be detected, must be prepared accordingly, so that the sensors can detect the position, movement, etc. of the components. Thus, for example, it is conceivable to magnetize the components so that their position and / or movement can be detected by an inductive sensor or a Hall sensor. It would also be conceivable to supply the components with electrical energy in order to be able to detect the position or movement of the components by means of a capacitive sensor. It is likewise conceivable to machine a component in such a way that it can reflect light in a predefined manner, which can be detected by an optical sensor for determining the position and / or movement of the component.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the firearm has at least one optical sensor which detects the light reflected at least indirectly by a movable component of the firearm and determines therefrom a current position of the component. Such a sensor is particularly suitable as a sensor for determining an actuation path of the trigger of the firearm. In this case, the optical sensor, a semiconductor light source, in particular an infrared LED, the light in the direction of emits movable component, and a light sensor, in particular a photodiode, which detects at least indirectly reflected light from the component. It is particularly preferred if a multicolored reflector element is arranged on the movable component, wherein different colors of the reflector element are moved in front of the semiconductor light source or the light sensor during a movement of the component. According to this embodiment, the semiconductor light source is designed and arranged in the sensor block that it emits light in the direction of the movable member, for example. In the direction of the trigger or a rigidly connected part with arranged in the firearm sensor block. The light reflected from the trigger or the part rigidly connected thereto is detected by the light sensor so that it can determine the current position of the component on it. The multicolored reflector element attached to the component or the part rigidly connected thereto reflects the incident light differently depending on the color. Based on the reflected amount of light, the sensor can determine an absolute value of the current component position

According to another advantageous development of the present invention, it is proposed that the firearm has a storage element, with which the built-in firearm sensor block for the purpose of Data storage solvable contacts. The storage element can be arranged anywhere in the firearm. The storage element can serve to store the sensor signals of the sensors of the sensor block. For this purpose, the sensor signals are passed from the sensor block to the firearm or the storage element via corresponding contacting elements of the sensor block and the firearm, which contact each other at least when the sensor block is completely and properly arranged in the firearm. The stored sensor signals can be read out and evaluated during or after a training session in order to be able to analyze the training session of the shooter in detail.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the firearm communication means for data transmission to an outside of the firearm arranged external central control unit, wherein the built-in firearm sensor block for the purpose of data transfer solvable occurs in communication with the communication means. The communication means may, for example, be formed as a plug element, into which a corresponding plug element of a data line can come into contact, which, for example, the sensor signals from the sensor block to a transmitted external central control unit of the weapon simulator. Alternatively, the communication means may also comprise means for wireless data transmission, for example optically or via radio. This can be dispensed with a data line for data communication between the firearm or the sensor block and the central control unit of the weapon simulator.

As a further solution to the object of the present invention is proposed starting from the plurality of sensors of the type mentioned that the sensors are combined to form a sensor block and the sensor block is formed, arranged as a unit at a suitable position in the firearm and removed from the firearm to become. The sensor block comprises both a mechanical or constructive as well as an electrical integration of several sensors in a common unit. The sensor block can be used as a unit at a suitable location in the firearm, the sensors are each arranged in the appropriate position for detecting a physical size of the firearm and contacted simultaneously for power supply and output signal transmission electronically.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the sensor block is proposed that the sensors of the sensor block as capacitive, inductive, optical and / or Hall sensors are formed. According to a preferred embodiment, the sensors of the sensor block comprise at least two of the following sensors: sensor for detecting an actuation path of a trigger of the firearm, sensor for detecting reaching an end of the actuation path of the trigger, sensor for detecting a used in a magazine recording the firearm or not used magazine, sensor for detecting reaching an end of an actuating path of a shutter of the firearm, sensor for detecting a Bewegungszyklusses the shutter of the firearm, sensor for detecting a tilt of the firearm, sensor for determining a contact pressure of a piston of the firearm against a body part of a shooter, Sensor for detecting a fuse or firing position of the firearm, position sensor and acceleration sensor.

Advantageously, the sensor block comprises a memory element on which, for example, values for the sensor signals can be stored at specific times. The sensor block preferably comprises communication means for data transmission to an external central control unit arranged outside the firearm. The control unit can control and coordinate the course of a training session in the weapon simulator. Especially For example, the control unit can generate corresponding control signals for actuators of the weapon simulator on the basis of received sensor signals from the sensors of the firearm and transmit them to the actuators in order to simulate a "firing" of a shot. For example, the control unit can generate control signals for at least one pneumatic valve of the weapon simulator and transmit them thereto, so that the pneumatic valve allows compressed air to enter from a compressed air reservoir into a pneumatic system of the firearm. As a result, a pneumatically effected movement cycle of a sliding arrangement and / or a closure of the firearm can be generated. This simulates a recoil when "firing" or reloading the firearm.

The sensor block must supply the sensors and, if present, actuators, memory elements and communication means with electrical energy, so that they can fulfill their intended function. The energy can be applied to the sensor block from outside the sensor block, for example from a power supply contained in the firearm or an external power supply arranged outside the firearm. According to a preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the sensor block has an independent power supply, in particular a rechargeable battery. The independent energy supply of the sensor block can be charged, for example, when removed from the firearm sensor block in a corresponding charging station. Alternatively, it is conceivable to simply replace the energy supply of the sensor block removed from the firearm, for example by changing the battery.

Figur 1

eine erfindungsgemäßen Sensorblock gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform;

Figur 2

den erfindungsgemäßen Sensorblock aus Figur 1 vor einer Anordnung an einem Waffenteil;

Figur 3

den an dem Waffenteil auf Figur 2 angeordneten Sensorblock;

Figur 4

eine erfindungsgemäße Schusswaffe mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Sensorblock gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform;

Figur 5

ein Beispiel für einen optischen Sensor des Sensorblocks;

Figur 6

eine erfindungsgemäße Schusswaffe gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform zunächst ohne einen erfindungsgemäßen Sensorblock;

Figur 7

ein Griffstück der erfindungsgemäßen Schusswaffe aus Figur 6 und einen zunächst separat dazu angeordneten Sensorblock gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform;

Figur 8

das Griffstück der erfindungsgemäßen Schusswaffe aus Figur 6 mit dem darin angeordneten Sensorblock gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform;

Figur 9

ein Griffstück einer erfindungsgemäßen Schusswaffe gemäß einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform und einen zunächst separat dazu angeordneten Sensorblock gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform; und

Figur 10

das Griffstück der erfindungsgemäßen Schusswaffe aus Figur 9 mit dem darin angeordneten Sensorblock gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. Show it:

FIG. 1

a sensor block according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 2

the sensor block according to the invention FIG. 1 before being placed on a weapon part;

FIG. 3

on the weapon part FIG. 2 arranged sensor block;

FIG. 4

a firearm according to the invention with a sensor block according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 5

an example of an optical sensor of the sensor block;

FIG. 6

a firearm according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment initially without a sensor block according to the invention;

FIG. 7

a handle of the firearm according to the invention FIG. 6 and a first separately arranged sensor block according to a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 8

the handle of the firearm according to the invention FIG. 6 with the sensor block arranged therein according to a preferred embodiment;

FIG. 9

a handle of a firearm according to the invention according to another preferred embodiment and a first separately arranged sensor block according to a preferred embodiment; and

FIG. 10

the handle of the firearm according to the invention FIG. 9 with the sensor block arranged therein according to a preferred embodiment.

Weapon simulators are known from the prior art, in which the use and the use of any firearms 1, 100, 200 can be trained as realistic as possible. The weapon simulators have a plurality of shooting lanes, each having an image display unit spaced apart from a shooter for displaying virtual training scenarios. The firearms used in the weapon simulators 1 have been rebuilt usually for training purposes and fire no sharp ammunition or blanks from. Instead, the "firing" of a shot is simulated pneumatically. For this purpose, the converted firearms 1, for example. Have a movable slide assembly 4, 5 and / or a movable closure 19, which can be pneumatically operated. By a movement cycle of the slide assembly 4, 5 and the shutter 19 can be simulated in a simulated firing a recoil or a loading activity.

The weapon simulators usually have a central control unit 40, which coordinates and controls the course of the training units and the training scenarios displayed on the image display units. In addition, the control unit 40 controls the simulated firing and the corresponding reaction of the converted firearms 1, for example. In the form of a pneumatically triggered Movement cycle of the slide assembly 4, 5 and / or the shutter 19. Further, the control unit 40 is responsible for the detection and position determination of a light spot on the image display unit, which marks in a simulated firing in the training scenario, a target point where the shot would strike if sharp Ammunition would have been shot down. Finally, the control unit 40 is also responsible for the evaluation of sensor signals which characterize an operating state of the firearms 1, 100, 200 used in the weapon simulator in order to put the shooter's training on a sound, objective basis and to make it more efficient.

The control unit 40 has a computing device 41 which comprises at least one microprocessor. A computer program 43 that is programmed to implement the control and coordination of the weapon simulator, in particular the training units and the illustrated training scenarios, when it runs on the computing device 41 is executable on the computing device 41. The computer program 43 is preferably stored on an internal or external memory element 42 of the control unit 40 and is transmitted to the processing unit for processing or in sections or as a whole to the computing unit 41.

In FIG. 4 is a rebuilt for training purposes firearm in its entirety designated by the reference numeral 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the converted firearm 1 is designed as a rifle. Of course, the firearm 1 can also be designed as a pistol 100, a bazooka 200 or any other firearm. The firearm 1 off FIG. 4 does not fire live ammunition or blank cartridges. Rather, an operation of the firearm 1, in particular a "firing" of a shot, simulated by means of compressed air. For this purpose, a pneumatic system with pneumatic lines, pneumatic valves and compressed air supply is provided inside the firearm 1. The pneumatic system of the firearm 1 comprises in the embodiment shown an external compressed air line 2, which is connected from the front of the firearm 1, and pneumatic lines or channels 3 inside the firearm 1, which direct the compressed air from the compressed air line 2 in a compressed air cylinder 4 in which a piston 5 is mounted to move back and forth.

When compressed air is applied to the firearm 1 via the compressed air line 2, the piston 5 in the cylinder 4 to the rear, that is, in the embodiment shown to the left, moves and hits there against a mechanical stop, so that a recoil of the firearm 1 at simulated "firing" of a shot is effected. Subsequently, the pressure in the compressed air line 2 is reduced again, so that the piston 5, preferably by means of the force of a return element, for example. By spring force, back to its original position, in the example shown to the right, is moved. Furthermore, the firearm 1 comprises a closure 19 which, in the case of an original weapon, comprises a closure carrier, a securing bolt, a firing pin, a control bolt and a closure head. At the in FIG. 4 shown rebuilt firearm 1, one or more of these components of the shutter 19 may be omitted or replaced by other parts to allow pneumatic actuation of the firearm 1. The closure 19 can be offset by means of compressed air in a reciprocating motion. A cycle of movement of the shutter 19 may simulate a recoil and / or ejection of a fired cartridge from the chamber as well as the reloading of a new cartridge from a magazine 14 into the chamber.

The firearm 1 opposite end of the compressed air line 2 is connected to a controlled compressed air supply unit 50 (so-called Weapon Connection Box), which in turn with a compressor 51 for generating the compressed air in combination stands. In the compressed air control unit 50 at least one pneumatic valve 52 for controlling the pressure build-up in the compressed air line 2 and thus for triggering a movement cycle of the piston 5 in the cylinder 4 is arranged. The pneumatic valve 52 is, for example, designed as an electromagnetically operable 2-way valve. Of course, it would also be conceivable to arrange the at least one pneumatic valve 52 instead of in the controlled compressed air supply unit 50 in the firearm 1, for example in the pneumatic channels 3. In this case, the firearm 1 could then communicate directly with the compressor 51 or with a compressed air reservoir connected to the compressor 51.

The firearm 1 further comprises a housing 10 and attachments 12, 13. The housing 10 has a magazine shaft 20, a magazine holder, a pipe 11, a gas drive (gas piston, drive train, gas take-off) and a muzzle fire damper 21 at the front end of the tube 11. The attachments 12, 13 include, for example, sight and grain for target detection. Furthermore, the firearm 1 comprises the magazine 14, in the example shown a so-called bar magazine, which is inserted into the magazine shaft 20 and releasably secured therein by means of the magazine holder. If the converted firearm 1 does not have an external compressed air supply with compressed air line 2 but has an internal compressed air supply, the magazine 14 can either be rebuilt and have a compressed air reservoir or in the magazine 14 compressed air cartridges may be, which - as in an original weapon the sharp cartridges - one after the other transported individually into the chamber of the firearm 1, fired there and then ejected from the chamber. When firing the compressed air cartridges compressed air is released from a compressed air reservoir of compressed air cartridges, which serves to operate the pneumatic system 2, 3, 4, 5 of the firearm 1.

In addition, a strap may be attached to the firearm 1, in FIG. 4 not shown. One end of the strap may be attached to a corresponding attachment portion 15 in a shoulder rest 16 of the firearm 1. Furthermore, the firearm 1 comprises a handle 17 and a hand guard 18, on which the firearm 1 can be grasped and stabilized for target detection without moving parts of the firearm 1 or excessive heat development on certain components of the firearm 1 could endanger the shooter.

A firearm 1, 100, 200 intended for use in a weapon simulator is a variety of sensors present to detect the current operating state of the firearm 1. In the prior art, these sensors were previously spatially distributed at a plurality of different positions in the firearm 1, 100, 200. According to the present invention, at least some of the sensors are now combined to form a sensor block 30 which can be arranged, fastened and electrically contacted as a unit in the firearm 1, 100, 200 and removed from the firearm 1, 100, 200 again. The sensor block 30 of the firearm 1 off FIG. 4 is in detail in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown.

• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betätigungswegs eines Auslösers 22 der Schusswaffe 1. Mit einem solchen Sensor kann ein zurückgelegter Abzugsweg, eine Geschwindigkeit oder eine Beschleunigung einer Abzugsbetätigung ermittelt werden. Dies kann bspw. Informationen darüber liefern, ob ein Schütze den Abzug zu abrupt oder zu zögerlich betätigt hat. Ein entsprechendes Sensorsignal wird an die zentrale Steuerungseinheit 40 des Waffensimulators übermittelt. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock 30 in der Nähe des Abzugs 22 oder einem damit starr verbundenen Teil der Schusswaffe 1 angeordnet ist.
• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Erreichens eines Endes des Betätigungswegs des Auslösers 22. Mit einem solchen Sensor kann das Auslösen eines "Schusses" detektiert werden. Ein entsprechendes Sensorsignal kann an die Steuerungseinheit 40 des Waffensimulators übermittelt werden, welche dann geeignete Ansteuersignale für Aktoren generieren und an diese übermitteln kann. Die Aktoren sind bspw. Pneumatikventile 52, welche eine "Schussabgabe" simulieren, indem sie kurzzeitig öffnen, so dass Druckluft in das Pneumatiksystem 2, 3, 4, 5 der Schusswaffe 1 gelangen und einen Bewegungszyklus des Kolbens 5 in dem Zylinder 4 auslösen kann. Auch ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock 30 in der Nähe des Abzugs 22 oder einem damit starr verbundenen Teil der Schusswaffe 1 angeordnet ist. Bei diesem Sensor kann es sich um den gleichen Sensor handeln, der auch zur Ermittlung des Betätigungswegs des Auslösers 22 der Schusswaffe 1 dient.
• Sensor zur Detektion eines in eine Magazinaufnahme 20 der Schusswaffe 1 eingesetzten bzw. nicht eingesetzten Magazins 14. Ein solcher Sensor dient dazu, ein in die Magazinaufnahme 20 ordnungsgemäß eingesetztes Magazin 14 zu detektieren. Selbst bei detektierter Betätigung des Abzugs 22 wird ein simulierter "Schuss" in der Regel nur dann ausgelöst, wenn das Magazin 14 ordnungsgemäß in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetzt ist. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock 30 in der Nähe der Magazinaufnahme 20 der Schusswaffe 1 angeordnet ist. Alternativ kann ein solcher Sensor auch in der Nähe einer Sicherungselements angeordnet sein, mit dessen Hilfe das Magazin 14 in der Aufnahme 20 gesichert wird. Das Sicherungselement kann nur bei ordnungsgemäß eingesetztem Magazin 14 in die gesicherte Position gebracht werden. Detektiert der Sensor das Sicherungselement in der gesicherten Position kann daraus auf ein ordnungsgemäß eingesetztes Magazin 14 geschlossen werden.
• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Erreichens eines Endes eines Betätigungswegs eines Verschlusses 19 der Schusswaffe 1. Ein solcher Sensor dient dazu, einen vollständigen Bewegungszyklus des Verschlusses 19 und damit ein ordnungsgemäßes Laden der Schusswaffe 1 vor der ersten Schussabgabe und anschließend ein ordnungsgemäßes Nachladen der Schusswaffe 1 zu detektieren. Das Nachladen der Schusswaffe 1 kann durch den Bewegungszyklus des Verschlusses 19 nur simuliert sein, wenn keine "abgefeuerte" Patrone (auch keine Druckluftpatrone) in der Kammer der Schusswaffe 1 enthalten ist. Dann kann keine Patrone aus der Kammer ausgeworfen und keine neue Patrone aus dem Magazin 14 in die Kammer geladen werden. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock 30 am Ende des Bewegungswegs des Verschlusses 19 angeordnet ist.
• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Bewegungszyklusses des Verschlusses 19 der Schusswaffe 1. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Sensors kann nicht nur das Erreichen des Endpunkts des Betätigungswegs des Verschlusses 19 ermittelt, sondern der Betätigungsweg in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit erfasst werden. Die entsprechenden Sensorsignale können bspw. zur Fehleranalyse verwendet werden, da eine zu langsame Bewegung des Verschlusses 19 auf einen zu niedrigen Pneumatikdruck und damit auf einen Defekt in dem Pneumatiksystem 2, 3, 4, 5 der Schusswaffe 1 hindeuten kann. Mögliche Defekte sind bspw. ein zur Neige gehender Druckluftvorrat, ein Defekt des Kompressors 51, ein Defekt des Pneumatikventils 52, ein Leck in der Druckluftleitung 2, ein undichter Anschluss der Druckluftleitung 2 an der Schusswaffe 1 oder Fremdkörper im Zylinder 4, sodass eine freie Bewegung des Kolbens 5 beeinträchtigt wird. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock 30 in der Nähe des Bewegungswegs des Verschlusses 19 angeordnet ist. Bei diesem Sensor kann es sich um den gleichen Sensor handeln, der auch zur Ermittlung des Erreichens des Endes des Betätigungswegs des Verschlusses 19 der Schusswaffe 1 dient.
• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Verkantens der Schusswaffe 1. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Sensors kann ein Verkanten der Schusswaffe 1, insbesondere nach links oder rechts, bevorzugt unmittelbar vor, während und/oder unmittelbar nach einer "Schussauslösung", detektiert werden. Dabei handelt es sich um einen typischen Fehler von Schützen, der durch gezieltes Training vermieden werden kann. Ein solcher Sensor kann bspw. als ein Lage- und/oder Beschleunigungssensor ausgestaltet sein, der an einer beliebigen Position in dem Sensorblock 30 angeordnet sein kann.
• Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Anpressdrucks eines Kolbens oder Schulterstücks 16 der Schusswaffe 1 gegen ein Körperteil eines Schützen. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Sensors kann festgestellt werden, mit welchem Druck der Schütze die Schusswaffe 1, insbesondere unmittelbar vor, während oder unmittelbar nach einer "Schussabgabe", bspw. gegen seine Schulter drückt. Ein zu schwacher Anpressdruck ist ein typischer Fehler von Schützen, der durch gezieltes Training vermieden werden kann. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock 30 in der Nähe des Teils des Kolbens 16 angeordnet ist, der gegen das Körperteil des Schützen gedrückt wird. Selbstverständlich ist es auch denkbar, dass der Anpressdruck mittelbar erfasst wird, indem bspw. eine Kraft erfasst wird, mit der der Schütze die Schusswaffe 1 im Bereich des Griffstücks 17 nach hinten, in dem dargestellten Beispiel der Figur 4 nach links, zieht. In diesem Fall wäre der Sensor vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock 30 an dem Griffstück 17 angeordnet ist und die dort wirkenden Haltekräfte erfassen kann.
• Sensor zur Detektion einer Sicherung bzw. einer Feuerstellung der Schusswaffe. Dies wird bspw. mittels eines Wählhebels 23 außen an der Schusswaffe 1 eingestellt. Mit Hilfe eines solchen Sensors kann erkannt werden, ob die Schusswaffe 1 gesichert ist oder nicht. Ferner kann mit einem solchen Sensor erfasst werden, in welcher Feuerposition sich die Schusswaffe 1 befindet. Mögliche Feuerpositionen sind bspw. Einzelfeuer, Zweischuss, Dreischuss oder Dauerfeuer. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock in der Nähe des Bewegungswegs des Wählhebels 23 angeordnet ist.

• Sensor zur Detektion einer Betätigung eines Hammers der Schusswaffe 1. Eine als Gewehr 1 oder Pistole 100 ausgebildete Schusswaffe 1 weist in der Regel einen Hammer auf, der von dem Abzug 22 der Schusswaffe 1, 100 mechanisch betätigt wird. Der Hammer schlägt entweder unmittelbar oder mittelbar bspw. über ein Schubstück, das Teil des Verschlusses 19 ist, auf eine in der Kammer befindliche Patrone. Eine Betätigung des Hammers wird als Anzeichen für eine "Schussabgabe" detektiert. Ein solcher Sensor ist vorzugsweise derart in dem Sensorblock 30 positioniert, dass er bei in die Schusswaffe 1 eingesetztem Sensorblock 30 in der Nähe des Bewegungswegs des Hammers angeordnet ist.
• Lagesensor. Mit Hilfe von Lagesensoren kann die Lage (Position und Ausrichtung) der Schusswaffe 1 im dreidimensionalen Raum ermittelt werden. Dabei kann die Richtung des Erdmagnetfelds ausgenutzt werden. Ein solcher Sensor kann an einer nahezu beliebigen Stelle in dem Sensorblock 30 angeordnet werden.
• Beschleunigungssensor. Mit Hilfe von Beschleunigungssensoren kann eine Geschwindigkeitszunahme oder -abnahme einer Bewegung der Schusswaffe 1, insbesondere unmittelbar vor, während und/oder unmittelbar nach einer "Schussabgabe", ermittelt werden. Dabei kann die auf eine Testmasse wirkende Trägheitskraft bestimmt werden. Ein solcher Sensor kann an einer nahezu beliebigen Stelle in dem Sensorblock 30 angeordnet werden.

The sensor block 30 includes a plurality of different sensors that serve to detect the operating state of the firearm 1. Each individual sensor detects a specific physical size of the firearm 1, so that the operating state of the firearm 1 can be deduced from the sum of the detected physical quantities or the corresponding sensor signals. The sensor block 30 comprises at least two of the following sensors:

• Sensor for determining an actuation path of a trigger 22 of the firearm 1. With such a sensor, a distance traveled trigger, a speed or acceleration of a trigger actuation determined become. This may, for example, provide information about whether a shooter has triggered the trigger too abruptly or too hesitantly. A corresponding sensor signal is transmitted to the central control unit 40 of the weapon simulator. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block 30 in such a way that it is arranged in the vicinity of the trigger 22 or a part of the firearm 1 rigidly connected thereto when the sensor block 30 is inserted into the firearm 1.
• Sensor for detecting reaching an end of the actuation path of the trigger 22. With such a sensor, the triggering of a "shot" can be detected. A corresponding sensor signal can be transmitted to the control unit 40 of the weapon simulator, which can then generate suitable control signals for actuators and transmit them to them. The actuators are, for example, pneumatic valves 52 which simulate a "firing" by briefly opening them so that compressed air can enter the pneumatic system 2, 3, 4, 5 of the firearm 1 and trigger a cycle of movement of the piston 5 in the cylinder 4. Such a sensor is also preferably positioned in the sensor block 30 so that it is arranged in the vicinity of the trigger 22 or a part of the firearm 1 rigidly connected thereto when the sensor block 30 is inserted into the firearm 1. This sensor can be the same sensor which also serves to determine the actuation path of the trigger 22 of the firearm 1.
• Sensor for detecting a magazine 14 inserted or not inserted in a magazine receptacle 20 of the firearm 1. Such a sensor serves to detect a magazine 14 which is correctly inserted into the magazine receptacle 20. Even with detected actuation of the trigger 22 is a simulated "shot" usually only triggered when the magazine 14 is properly inserted into the firearm 1. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block 30 in such a way that it is arranged in the vicinity of the magazine receptacle 20 of the firearm 1 when the sensor block 30 is inserted into the firearm 1. Alternatively, such a sensor may also be arranged in the vicinity of a securing element with the aid of which the magazine 14 is secured in the receptacle 20. The fuse element can be brought into the secured position only when properly inserted magazine 14. If the sensor detects the securing element in the secured position, it can be closed to a correctly inserted magazine 14.
• Sensor for detecting reaching an end of an actuation path of a shutter 19 of the firearm 1. Such a sensor serves a complete cycle of movement of the shutter 19 and thus a proper loading of the firearm 1 before the first Firing and then a proper reloading the firearm 1 to detect. The reloading of the firearm 1 can only be simulated by the movement cycle of the shutter 19 if no "fired" cartridge (also no compressed air cartridge) is contained in the chamber of the firearm 1. Then no cartridge can be ejected from the chamber and no new cartridge can be loaded from the magazine 14 into the chamber. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block 30 so that it is located at the end of the movement path of the shutter 19 when inserted into the firearm 1 sensor block 30.
• Sensor for determining a Bewegungszyklusses the shutter 19 of the firearm 1. With the help of such a sensor, not only the achievement of the end point of the actuation path of the shutter 19 can be determined, but the actuation path in dependence on time are detected. The corresponding sensor signals can be used, for example, for error analysis, since too slow a movement of the shutter 19 can indicate a too low pneumatic pressure and thus a defect in the pneumatic system 2, 3, 4, 5 of the firearm 1. Possible defects are, for example, a shortage of compressed air reservoir, a defect of the compressor 51, a defect of the pneumatic valve 52, a leak in the compressed air line 2, a leaking connection of the compressed air line 2 to the Firearm 1 or foreign body in the cylinder 4, so that a free movement of the piston 5 is impaired. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block 30 such that it is located near the path of movement of the shutter 19 when the sensor block 30 is inserted into the firearm 1. This sensor may be the same sensor which also serves to determine the reaching of the end of the actuation path of the shutter 19 of the firearm 1.
• Sensor for detecting a tilting of the firearm 1. With the aid of such a sensor, tilting of the firearm 1, in particular to the left or right, preferably immediately before, during and / or immediately after a "firing action", can be detected. This is a typical mistake by shooters, which can be avoided by targeted training. Such a sensor can be configured, for example, as a position and / or acceleration sensor, which can be arranged at any position in the sensor block 30.
• Sensor for determining a contact pressure of a piston or shoulder piece 16 of the firearm 1 against a body part of a shooter. With the help of such a sensor can be determined at what pressure the shooter firearm 1, in particular immediately before, during or immediately after a "firing", for example. Against his Shoulder presses. A too weak contact pressure is a typical error of shooters, which can be avoided by targeted training. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block 30 so that it is positioned with the sensor block 30 inserted into the firearm 1 near the portion of the piston 16 which is pressed against the body part of the shooter. Of course, it is also conceivable that the contact pressure is detected indirectly by, for example, a force is detected with which the shooter firearm 1 in the region of the handle 17 to the rear, in the example shown the FIG. 4 to the left, pull. In this case, the sensor would preferably be positioned in the sensor block 30 in such a way that it is arranged on the handle 17 when the sensor block 30 is inserted into the firearm 1 and can detect the holding forces acting there.
• Sensor for detecting a fuse or a firing position of the firearm. This is set, for example, by means of a selector lever 23 on the outside of the firearm 1. With the help of such a sensor can be detected whether the firearm 1 is secured or not. Furthermore, it can be detected with such a sensor in which fire position the firearm 1 is located. Possible fire positions are for example single fire, two shots, three shots or continuous fire. Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block 30, that it is arranged in the firearm 1 sensor block in the vicinity of the movement path of the selector lever 23.

• 1. A gun 1 designed as a rifle 1 or pistol 100 generally has a hammer that is mechanically actuated by the trigger 22 of the firearm 1, 100. The hammer strikes either directly or indirectly, for example via a thrust piece, which is part of the closure 19, on a cartridge located in the chamber. An operation of the hammer is detected as an indication of a "firing". Such a sensor is preferably positioned in the sensor block 30 so that it is located in the vicinity of the path of movement of the hammer when inserted into the firearm 1 sensor block 30.
• Position sensor. With the aid of position sensors, the position (position and orientation) of the firearm 1 in three-dimensional space can be determined. In this case, the direction of the earth's magnetic field can be exploited. Such a sensor can be placed at almost any location in the sensor block 30.
• Acceleration sensor. With the aid of acceleration sensors, an increase or decrease in the speed of a movement of the firearm 1, in particular immediately before, during and / or directly after a "shot", be determined. In this case, the force acting on a test mass inertial force can be determined. Such a sensor can be placed at almost any location in the sensor block 30.

The sensors of the sensor block 30 generate sensor signals corresponding to the detected physical quantities of the firearm 1. Based on the sensor signals can be closed to the current operating state of the firearm 1. The sensor block 30 has at least one signal line 31 and / or at least one power supply line 32. The signal line 31 is used to transmit sensor signals from one or more sensors to the external control unit 40 of the weapon simulator. Preferably, a separate signal line 31 is provided for each of the sensors of the sensor block 30. The power supply line 32 may include a ground line and a low voltage line (eg, for 2.5V or 5V). It serves to supply the sensor block 30 or its sensors with electrical energy. In the illustrated embodiments of the FIGS. 1 to 3 In each case a plurality of sensor and / or power supply lines 31, 32 are combined to form a cable 33a, 33b. At the end of the signal or power supply lines 31, 32 or at the end of the cables 33a, 33b plug elements 34a, 34b are provided. Corresponding signal and / or power supply lines, which are shown symbolically and designated by the reference numeral 45 and have corresponding plug elements, can be plugged into the plug elements 34a, 34b and thus establish the connection to the control unit 40 or an energy source.

It is conceivable that the sensor block 30 is not supplied with electrical energy via a separate power supply line 32, but instead has an internal independent power supply, for example in the form of a rechargeable battery. Alternatively, the independent power supply can also be arranged outside the sensor block 30 at any point in the firearm 1. Further, it would be conceivable that the sensor block 30 instead of the signal lines 31 for line-bound transmission of the sensor signals to the central control unit 40 via communication means which a wireless signal transmission to the control unit 40 r. In this context, it would be conceivable, for example, for the sensor block 30 to have a radio module which enables the transmission of the sensor signals by means of radio. It would also be conceivable that the sensor signals are transmitted to the control unit 40 by optical means. Alternatively, the communication means may also be outside the sensor block 30 be arranged anywhere in the firearm 1. In this case, the line 45 could be omitted.

Finally, it would still be conceivable that the sensor block 30 or the firearm 1 has an internal memory element on which, for example, values of the sensor signals can be stored at predetermined times. The recorded sensor signals can then be read out and evaluated at a later time. In this way, for example, at the end of a training session an accurate and reliable evaluation can be made.

In the embodiments of the FIGS. 1 to 3 is the sensor block 30 in several parts, in particular formed in two parts. The sensor block 30 comprises an upper component 30a and a lower component 30b. The two components 30a, 30b of the sensor block 30 are arranged from above or from below on a weapon part 60 and connected to one another. After connecting the two components 30a, 30b with each other, the sensor block 30 is securely and reliably fixed to the weapon part 60. The connection of the two components 30a, 30b of the sensor block 30 with each other can be done for example by means of a screw 35. Of course, the connection of the two components 30a, 30b with each other after the arrangement on the weapon part 60 done in any other way, for example. By means of a clip connection.

The weapon part 60 has in the illustrated example, inter alia, the trigger 22 and the selector lever 23 for securing the firearm 1 and for setting a specific firing position of the firearm 1 on. Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the sensor block 30 has at least one sensor for determining that one end of the actuation path of the trigger 22 has been reached, as well as another sensor for detecting a safety device or firing position of the firearm 1.

In FIG. 3 the weapon part 60 is shown together with the sensor block 30 attached thereto. The unit consisting of the weapon part 60 and the attached sensor block 30 is installed in the interior of the housing 10 of the firearm 1 and secured therein. The signal line and / or a power supply line 45 can be connected to the sensor block 30 via the plug elements 34a, 34b.

In FIG. 5 a preferred embodiment of a sensor of the sensor block 30 is shown. This is an optical sensor that has a light source 36, for example in the form of a semiconductor light source, in particular in the form of an infrared light-emitting diode. In addition, the sensor comprises a light detector 37, which is formed for example in the form of a photodiode. The light source 36 and the light detector 37 of the optical sensor are part of the sensor block 30. The optical sensor 36, 37 detects the light reflected on a movable component of the firearm 1 and can use the reflected light quantity to close the current position of the component. In the illustrated embodiment, the movable component of the firearm 1 is designed as the trigger 22. Alternatively, the movable member could also be formed as the shutter 19, the hammer or the safety lever 23.

The trigger 22 is pivotably mounted about an axis of rotation 63 in the weapon part 60. The possible actuating movement of the trigger 22 about the axis of rotation 63 is in FIG. 5 symbolized by an arrow designated by the reference numeral 64. On the trigger 22, a lever element 65 is rigidly connected to the trigger 22 on a side facing away from the trigger 22 side of the rotation axis 63, which is moved in an actuating movement 64 of the trigger 22 in the direction of arrow 66. On the lever member 65, a reflector element 67 is attached, which is formed multi-colored. The different colors of the reflector element 67 are symbolically represented by different hatchings. The light emitted by the light source 36 of the optical sensor strikes the reflector element 67 in a region 68. The light detector 37 detects at least part of the light reflected by the region 68. By actuating the trigger 22 in the direction of the arrow 64, the different colors of the reflector element 67 successively enter the measuring range 68 of the optical sensor 36, 37. The different colors of the reflector element 67 absorb or reflect light emitted by the light source 36 to different extents. Based on the amount of reflected light detected by the light detector 37 in the respective position of the trigger 22, the current position of the trigger 22 can be deduced.

In FIG. 6 a further embodiment of a firearm 100 according to the invention is shown. The firearm 100 is designed as a submachine gun. The same components were with the same reference numerals as in the firearm 1 from FIG. 4 designated. In contrast to the firearm 1 off FIG. 4 In the submachine gun 100, the shoulder 16 is extendable to the rear. In addition to the handle 17, a stabilizing handle 17 'is provided in the front region of the firearm 100, which can be folded to the housing 10. The magazine 14 is in a magazine receptacle inside the Handle 17 arranged. Further, attachment portions 15, 15 'for a strap are not disposed on the shoulder support 16, but directly on the outside of the housing 10.

In the case of the firearm 100, there is no sufficiently large empty space for arranging a sensor block 30 in the interior of the housing 10, or the housing 10 can not be opened so far that a sensor block 30 can be arranged in the interior. In the firearm 100, for example, the housing 10 is made in one part as an injection molded part made of plastic. For this reason, in the firearm 100, the sensor block 30 is configured to be flat or plate-shaped, so that it can be fastened to the firearm 100 as part of the housing 10 from the outside. In particular, the sensor block 30 comprises a board 38, as exemplified in FIG FIG. 7 is shown, are mounted on the various sensors for detecting an operating state of the firearm 100 and contacted. The sensor board 38 can be inserted into an existing anyway opening of the housing 10, or in a recess 10 'of the housing 10, which has been specially introduced for the sensor board 38 in the housing 10. The recess 10 'is in FIG. 7 hatched shown.

In the FIGS. 7 and 8th are the bodies missing assemblies or components of the firearm 100 with Dashed lines have been designated. In the illustrated example, the sensors of the sensor board 38 include a Hall sensor 39a disposed perpendicularly on the board 38, which detects actuation of the shutter 19, an optical sensor 39b that detects actuation of the hammer, a sensor 39c that houses an inserted magazine detected, a sensor 39d, which detects a position of the safety lever 23 and thus detects whether the weapon 100 is secured and if no, which firing position the weapon 100 is set, and one or more arbitrarily different sensors 39e, any other physical quantities can capture the firearm 100. The sensors 39 are contacted via printed conductors on the circuit board 38 and connected to the cables 33.

To insert the sensor block 30 into the firearm 100, the cables 33 are first connected to the line 45 for power supply and signal transmission to the control unit 40. Then, the sensor board 38 is inserted into the designated housing opening 10 'and fixed to the housing 10. Thus, the sensors 39 are automatically located at the designated positions in the firearm 100 so that they can detect the intended physical quantities. In FIG. 8 the sensor block 30 inserted into the firearm 100 is shown.

In the Figures 9 and 10 the housing 10 of a firearm 200 according to another preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The firearm 200 is designed as a bazooka. The housing 10 has on its upper side two receptacles 10 "spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the weapon 200 for the tube of the bazooka 200. Between the receptacles 10" an opening 10 'is arranged in the housing 10, in which a suitably designed sensor block 30 is arranged becomes. Also in this case, the sensor block 30 comprises a circuit board 38, on which the sensors 39 are attached and electrically contacted. In this embodiment, no separate connection cables 33 are provided. Rather, these are realized by tracks on the sensor board 38, which are guided to a plug element 34 and connected to this, which is mounted on the sensor board 38. The sensor board 38 is fastened to the housing 10 by means of a securing screw 38 '.

Claims (16)

Firearm (1; 100; 200) comprising a plurality of sensors (39) for detecting an operating state of the firearm (1; 100; 200) and outputting corresponding sensor signals, characterized in that the sensors (39) are combined to form a sensor block (30) which can be arranged as a unit at a suitable position in the firearm (1; 100; 200) and removed therefrom. Firearm (1; 100; 200) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor block (30) identifies at least two of the following sensors (39): sensor for determining an actuation path (64) of a trigger (22) of the firearm (1; 200), sensor for detecting reaching one end of the actuating path (64) of the trigger (22), sensor (39c) for detecting a magazine inserted or not inserted in a magazine receptacle (20) of the firearm (1; 100; 200) (14), sensor for detecting reaching an end of an operation path of a shutter (19) of the firearm (1; 100; 200), sensor (39a) for detecting a motion cycle of the shutter (19) of the firearm (1; 100; 200) Sensor for detecting a tilt of the firearm (1; 100; 200), sensor for detecting a contact pressure of a piston or a shoulder support (16) of the firearm (1; 100; 200) against a body part of a shooter, sensor (39d) for detection a fuse or firing position of the firearm (1; 100; 200), sensor (39b) for detecting an operation of a hammer of the firearm (1; 100; 200), position sensor and acceleration sensor. Firearm (1; 100; 200) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the firearm (1; 100; 200) is a real firearm which fires live ammunition or blanks. Firearm (1; 100; 200) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the firearm (1; 100; 200) comprises a firearm (1; 100; 200) converted for training purposes with a movable sliding arrangement (4, 5) and / or a movable shutter (19) for simulating a recoil during the firing of a gun Shot and / or for simulating a reloading of the firearm (1; 100; 200) with a cartridge from a magazine (14) inserted into the firearm (1; 100; 200), wherein the sliding assembly (4, 5) and / or the closure (19) are pneumatically actuated. Firearm (1; 100; 200) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sensors (39) of the sensor block (30) are designed as capacitive, inductive, optical (36, 37) and / or Hall sensors. Gun (1; 100; 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the firearm (1; 100; 200) at least one optical sensor (36, 37) of the (of a movable member 5, 19 , 22, 23) of the firearm (1; 100; 200) detects at least indirectly reflected light and determines therefrom a current position of the component (5, 19, 22, 23). A firearm (1, 100, 200) according to claim 6, characterized in that the optical sensor comprises a semiconductor light source (36), in particular an infrared LED, which directs light in the direction of the movable Component (5, 19, 22, 23) emits, and a light sensor (37), in particular a photodiode, which detects at least indirectly reflected light from the component (5, 19, 22, 23). Firearm (1; 100; 200) according to claim 6 or 7,
characterized in that a multicolored reflector element (67) is arranged on the component (5, 19, 22, 23), wherein during a movement (64) of the component (5, 19, 22, 23) different colors of the reflector element (67) before the semiconductor light source (36) and the light sensor (37) are moved. Firearm (1; 100; 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the firearm (1; 100; 200) has a storage element with which the sensor block (30) installed in the firearm (1; ) is for the purpose of data storage in a detachable communication connection. Firearm (1; 100; 200) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the firearm (1; 100; 200) has communication means (45) for data transmission to an external control unit arranged outside the firearm (1; 100; 200) (40), wherein the sensor block (30) built into the firearm (1; 100; 200) releasably contacts the communication means (45) for data transmission purposes. Firearm (1; 100; 200) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the sensor block (30) is inserted in a housing (10) of the firearm (1). A firearm (1; 100; 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the sensor block (30) comprises a board (38) with the sensors (39) mounted and contacted thereon, the sensor board (38) forming part of a housing (10) of the firearm (100; 200) is inserted into this. A plurality of sensors (39) for installation in a firearm (1; 100; 200) for detecting an operating state of the firearm (1; 100; 200) and outputting corresponding sensor signals, characterized in that the sensors (39) are connected to a sensor block (30 ) and the sensor block (30) is arranged as a unit at a suitable position in the firearm (1; 100; 200) and removed from the firearm (1; 100; 200). Sensors (39) according to claim 13, characterized in that the sensors of the sensor block (30) as capacitive, inductive, optical (36, 37) and / or Hall sensors are formed. Sensors (39) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the sensor block (30) identifies at least two of the following sensors (39): sensor for determining an actuation path (64) of a trigger (22) of the firearm (1; 100; 200 ), Sensor for detecting a reaching of an end of the actuation path (64) of the trigger (22), sensor (39c) for detecting a magazine inserted into a magazine receptacle (20) of the firearm (1; 100; 200) ) Sensor for detecting reaching an end of an operation path of a shutter (19) of the firearm (1; 100; 200), Sensor (39a) for determining a movement cycle of the closure (19) of the firearm (1; 100; 200), sensor for detecting a tilting of the firearm (1; 100; 200), sensor for determining a contact pressure of a piston or a shoulder support (16 ) of the firearm (1; 100; 200) against a body part of a shooter, sensor (39d) for detecting a firing position of the firearm (1; 100; 200), sensor (39b) for detecting an actuation of a firearm hammer (FIG. 1, 100, 200), position sensor and accelerometer. Sensors (39) according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the sensor block (30) communication means (31; 33, 34) for data transmission to an outside of the firearm (1; 100; 200) arranged external control unit (40) ,

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