EP2893993B1 - String moulding assembly and method for the string moulding of a metal string - Google Patents
String moulding assembly and method for the string moulding of a metal string Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2893993B1 EP2893993B1 EP14195350.5A EP14195350A EP2893993B1 EP 2893993 B1 EP2893993 B1 EP 2893993B1 EP 14195350 A EP14195350 A EP 14195350A EP 2893993 B1 EP2893993 B1 EP 2893993B1
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- curved part
- mould
- straightening
- casting
- angle
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 22
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- 108010014172 Factor V Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/043—Curved moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
- B22D11/1282—Vertical casting and curving the cast stock to the horizontal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
- B22D11/142—Plants for continuous casting for curved casting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of a metal strand according to the preamble of claim 1
- Continuous casting plants are known from the literature which, with a casting thickness of greater than 100 mm, have a comparatively low overall height.
- DE 32 36 284 C2 shows a continuous caster of the type of an oval arc continuous caster, in which a curved arc mold with a comparatively small radius of curvature, for example of 1.5 m, is provided.
- This oval arch continuous caster has a machine height of less than 5.0 m, the casting thickness of the cast strand z. B. is 250 mm.
- a large number of alignment points in the oval arc are required in order to straighten the cast metal strand before it enters the horizontally running part of the strand guide.
- up to 19 alignment points are provided in the oval arch of the continuous caster according to this document.
- the arc mold is arranged in such a way that its centerline lies on the horizontal radius of the casting curve and is therefore not turned into the casting curve.
- EP 68 814 B1 shows a continuous caster of the oval arc type, wherein the mold is not curved, but is straight and accordingly has co-parallel broad sides.
- the machine height of this continuous caster can be between 3.4 m and 5 m, the base radius in the curved part of the strand guide following the mold being 3 to 5 m and increasing continuously in the subsequent straightening zones.
- the number of straightening points within the curved part of the strand guide is up to 15.
- a disadvantage of this system is the comparatively high number of required straightening zones in connection with a separate bending device in order to convert the metal strand into an arc radius immediately after leaving the plane-parallel mold due to the relatively small base radius of the arc part of the strand guide.
- a further disadvantage is that the metal strand is additionally formed because of the straight design of the mold before it enters the arcuate part of the strand guide.
- EP 74 247 B1 shows a continuous caster of the oval arc type, in which a curved arc mold is provided.
- the starting radius of the curved part of the strand guide is relatively small and is approximately between 3 and 5 m, which also corresponds to the machine height of this system.
- a large number of roller segments are provided in the curved part of the strand guide for straightening the cast metal strand. The disadvantage is that these segments cannot easily be lifted up or removed from the strand guide.
- EP 2 349 612 B1 shows a method and an apparatus for producing thick slabs of steel with a casting thickness exceeding 360 mm and a casting width exceeding 1000 mm in a continuous casting installation which is designed in the manner of a circular arc installation.
- a curved arc mold is used, which lies on the horizontal with its centerline and so far has not been screwed down into the casting arch.
- the disadvantage of this continuous caster is a comparatively large machine height, which is in the range between 9 and 15 m and is due to the design of the arcuate strand guide in the form of a circular arc.
- a further disadvantage is a high ferrostatic pressure which acts on the metal strand after it has left the mold.
- the design of a strand guide for continuous sheet casting systems is very closely linked to the temperature control between the first and last bending deformation of the steel strand produced on the one hand and the position of the ductility minima of the steel on the other.
- the distance from the mold to the end of the straightening area in a circular arc system is at least equal to the product of the (smallest) casting radius with the factor ⁇ / 2. In a vertical turning system, it increases by the length of the vertical part. With multi-point bending and straightening, this distance increases with every further bending and / or straightening point.
- the sequence of the partial sheets of the roll plan) and the desired minimum temperature at the tangential point it may be necessary to reduce the casting speed in order to allow the metal strand to flow into the horizontal without cracks. Conversely, given the casting performance and global geometry, it may be impossible to set the desired lower temperature limit at the tangential point.
- DE 33 31 575 A1 shows a method and an apparatus for sheet metal continuous casting, wherein a sheet casting mold is arranged in an angular range of about 15 ° to about 30 ° below the horizontal and is rotated by this angular range in the arc part of the strand guide.
- the continuous caster according to this document can be a circular arc system or an oval arc system. No exact details are given in which areas of the curved part of the strand guide a straightening of the cast metal strand takes place.
- US 4,953,614 A discloses a continuous caster which comprises an arcuate strand guide in the form of a straightening module.
- This straightening module encloses an angle of approximately 50 ° and has 4 straightening points.
- the mold of this continuous caster is not rotated by an angle with respect to the horizontal, but is arranged at an angle of 0 °.
- EP 1 103 321 A1 discloses a vertical bending continuous caster in which the mold lies with its centerline on the horizontal and is not rotated downwards into the casting sheet.
- the arcuate area of a strand guide is formed on an arc.
- DE 32 36 284 A1 discloses a continuous sheet casting machine in which a bending zone is in a range of 6% to 35% of the total length of the machine and the mold with its centerline lies on the horizontal.
- DE 1 458 154 A1 shows a generic method for continuous casting of a metal strand, in which a continuous casting system is used with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention has for its object to reduce the necessary installation effort in continuous casting with a sheet caster and at the same time to improve the resulting product quality of the metal strand.
- a continuous casting installation which is used for casting a metal strand in a casting direction.
- a continuous caster comprises a mold which is arranged rotated on an arc below the horizontal, in such a way that a center line or the center line of the mold forms a first angle with the horizontal.
- the continuous casting installation comprises an arcuate strand guide in the form of an arc part downstream of the mold in the casting direction, in which the metal strand is guided with a strand guide arc radius, the arc part being designed in the form of an oval arc and an angle enclosed by the arc part being at least 66 °, a horizontal strand guide in the form of a horizontal part arranged downstream of the arch part in the casting direction, and a straightening zone provided in the arch part of the strand guide with at least one straightening point, the metal strand being straightened in the straightening zone by the strand guide arc radius.
- the start of the straightening zone is at a distance from the center line of the mold on an arc at a second angle, the second angle being between 30 ° and 60 °.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the first angle is greater than 0 °, so that the mold is screwed into the curved part of the strand guide, the first angle being up to 20 °, within the straightening zone the number of straightening points is between 7 and 20 that the straightening of the metal strand in the straightening zone takes place in a temperature range of its outer fiber that lies above the ductility minimum of the steel grade to be cast, and that the surface temperature of the metal strand at the tangential point lies above the secondary ductility minimum of the steel grade to be cast.
- center line of the mold is to be understood as orthogonal according to the practice of continuous casting and in the sense of the present invention, which is directed at right angles to a broad side of the mold in a central section thereof. This applies in the same way to a curved arc mold as well as to a straight mold with plane-parallel broad sides.
- the first angle which this center line of the mold includes with a horizontal line, defines the position of the mold by which it is arranged rotated downwards into the circular or pouring arc.
- the invention is based on the essential finding that a shortening of the arc length of the arc part is achieved in that the mold is rotated downwards by the first angle. This contributes to a reduction in the plant height, which at the same time can reduce a ferrostatic pressure which acts on the cast metal strand.
- the number of required alignment points in the curved part can be suitably influenced by the fact that the strand guide arc radius of the curved part immediately after the mold is not chosen too small and, for example, is chosen between 4.9 m and 9 m.
- a straightening of the metal strand in the arch part without the risk of crack formation and without the disadvantage of excessive stresses on support rollers or the like is achieved in that the beginning of the straightening zone, viewed in the casting direction, is spaced apart from the center line of the mold on an arch by a second angle which is between 30 ° and 60 °. This ensures that the temperature of the metal strand at the start of straightening is sufficiently high on the one hand and on the other hand the metal strand has not yet solidified to such an extent that straightening or bending back into a straight line encounters impermissibly high resistances.
- the mold can be designed in the form of an arc mold, preferably in such a way that a radius of curvature of the arc mold is between 4.9 m and 9 m.
- the strand guide arc radius of the arc part is also preferably selected immediately following the arc mold in accordance with the radius of curvature of the arc mold.
- a strand guide in the form of an oval arch is to be understood as one in which the radius of curvature is not constant, but rather increases in the direction seen in the casting direction. This has an advantageous effect on a reduced plant height of the continuous casting plant.
- the mold is arranged in such a way that a casting level within the mold has a vertical distance from the horizontal part of the strand guide of between 5 m and 9 m and the system height of the continuous casting system is accordingly in this range of values.
- the configuration of the arc part of the strand guide in the form of an oval arc also offers the advantage that, for example, in comparison to a circular arc system, more straightening points are possible, for example 3 to 5 more straightening points, in order to direct the metal strand back to a straight line.
- the design of the arch part of the strand guide such that an angle enclosed by it is at least 66 ° leads to a minimum arch length of the arch part and ensures that the cast metal strand is cooled sufficiently long after leaving the mold and via a suitable number of straightening points can be directed back into a straight line or bent back.
- first angle through which the mold is rotated downward into the curved part of the strand guide is greater than 0 ° ensures that the continuous casting installation has a reduced installation height.
- the exact definition of the first angle is to be matched to a particular system and in individual cases, also taking into account the number of selected straightening points in the straightening zone of the curved part.
- a continuous caster for carrying out a method according to the invention is particularly suitable for casting metal strands with a relatively large casting thickness, which can be at least 80 mm and preferably also between 110 mm and 700 mm. In principle, there are no upper limits to the casting thickness in the invention. Furthermore, the mold of the continuous casting plant is matched to the fact that a casting width is at least 500 mm, and is preferably chosen from a range between 800 mm and 4000 mm.
- a plurality of support rollers are provided both in the arch part and in the horizontal part of the strand guide, preferably on both sides of the metal strand, i.e. H. on top and bottom of it.
- These support rollers can be combined into individual segments, in particular in the straightening zone of the curved part, and optionally also in the horizontal part.
- This enables a time-saving and therefore inexpensive replacement of a plurality of support rollers, namely in the form of a complete segment, for maintenance or repair purposes.
- the strand guide arc radius in particular in the straightening zone of the arc part, is selected such that the support roller segments also extend upwards, ie. H. Let it lift out in the direction of the inner radius of the arc part. In this way, it is then possible to use cranes or the like, which can be attached to a hall ceiling or comparable scaffolding.
- the number of support rollers on the inside of the arch part can be selected to be smaller in the straightening zone of the arch part than on the outside of the arch part. This makes it possible to arrange the support rollers, in particular on the inside of the arch part, with less effort, and, if appropriate, either to use larger bearings and / or to implement larger radius jumps within the straightening zone.
- the costs of installation and in particular also during the life of the installation can be reduced if the segments of support rollers both in the curved part and in the Horizontal part of the strand guide are selected from the same segment type. This makes it possible to replace these segments in modules if maintenance or repair of support rollers is required.
- a further simplification of the continuous casting installation and thus a reduction in costs is possible in that the support rollers are in each case without drive, at least in the area of the straightening zone or in other areas of the curved part. The support rollers in this area thus only fulfill a support or straightening function, a drive for rotating these support rollers being unnecessary.
- a metallurgical length of a continuous casting installation is selected to be approximately the same size as compared to conventional installations.
- the horizontal part of the strand guide is supplemented by at least one segment of support rollers, the length of which in the casting direction corresponds to at least a developed length of an angle curve, about which the mold is rotated with its center line from the horizontal by the first angle downwards.
- the horizontal part of the strand guide is supplemented by the length that the curved part has been shortened by the first angle by rotating the mold downwards.
- a length of the arch part with respect to a metallurgical length of the continuous casting installation fulfills the condition 1: 6 to 1: 1.5.
- the metallurgical length of the system calculated from the meniscus inside the mold to the last supporting roller of the horizontal part, takes at least 1.5 times the length of the arch part and a maximum of 6 times this length.
- the advantage of a reduced system height which has already been explained above, also goes hand in hand with the advantage that the one continuous casting installation with which a method according to the invention can be carried out requires less expenditure on the installation outlay on steel construction etc.
- the reduced ferrostatic pressure which acts on the cast metal strand due to the lower plant height, also leads to the possibility that the plant can be designed with less rigidity, which also leads to cost advantages.
- This is also accompanied by the advantage that, due to the reduced ferrostatic pressure, there is less bulging with respect to the cast metal strand, as a result of which the risk of crack formation is reduced and the formation of segregation is improved.
- the arrangement of the mold rotated by the first angle results in advantageous damage minimization by the fact that steel melt dripping down only drips downward and does not drip into adjacent segments of the strand guide.
- the arrangement of guide elements and / or collecting containers or the like is also advantageous, which can appropriately discharge or collect the liquid steel material accordingly.
- Fig. 1 shows a continuous casting installation 100, in which a metal strand 1 after casting in a mold 10 is transferred into a strand guide which is provided in the casting direction G following the mold 10.
- the mold 10 is designed as an arc mold and accordingly has a radius of curvature RK.
- a center line 14 of the mold 10 which, as explained above, is to be understood as an orthogonal to a central region of a long side of the mold 10, includes a first angle ⁇ .
- the first angle ⁇ can be between 0 ° and 20 °.
- the strand guide is designed in the form of an arc, in the form of a so-called curved part 16.
- This curved part 16 leads to a tangential point TP, from which the strand guide merges into a horizontal part 18.
- a straightening zone 20 is provided in the curved part 16 and is explained in detail below.
- a plurality of support rollers 22 arranged side by side in the casting direction G are provided, which lie opposite one another in pairs and thus contact the metal strand 1 from its top and bottom.
- These support rollers 22 are combined into segments 24 in the curved part 16 and into segments 26 in the horizontal part 18. It can be provided here that at least one support roller 22 has a drive within each segment and is set in rotation accordingly in order to drive the metal strand 1 in the casting direction G.
- the system height hA of the continuous caster 100 i.e. a vertical distance of the horizontal part 18 to the center line 14 of the mold 10 can be between 4.9 m and 9 m.
- the arc part 16 has a strand guide arc radius RSt.
- This strand guide arc radius RSt can expediently be selected to be the same size as the radius of curvature RK of the mold 10, for example to a value between 4.9 m and 9 m.
- an arc length of the arc portion 16 from the meniscus within the mold 10 to the tangential point TP is marked with "BL”
- a metallurgical length of the continuous caster 100 i.e. H.
- ML a length from the meniscus within the mold 10 to the last support roller 22 within the horizontal part 18.
- the arc part 16 comprises the straightening zone 20, in which a plurality of segments 24 with increasing radii R1-R5 are provided. Since the radius of segments 24 successive in the casting direction G increases in each case, the metal strand 1 is successively straightened as it passes through these segments 24 until it is completely straight after leaving the last segment 24, ie at the tangential point TP.
- the segments 24 within the straightening zone 20 it can be assumed in a simplified manner that the straightening radius of all support rollers 22 within a respective segment 24 is selected to be the same size.
- the straightening radius therefore only increases with a segment following in the casting direction G, with the relationship: R5>R4>R3>R2>R1> RSt.
- a segment 24 or a support roller 22 with a specific straightening radius is to be understood as a straightening point.
- the segments 24 with the straightening radii R1-R5 correspondingly result in five straightening points in the straightening zone 20.
- the straightening radii can already be changed within a segment per support roller 22 and viewed in the casting direction G. increase. As a result, the number of guide points for the metal strand 1 is increased accordingly.
- this angle is labeled " ⁇ 1 " and is approximately 30 °.
- This second angle ⁇ thus defines the angular range of the curved part 16, starting from a position of the mold 10 and its center line 14, for straightening or bending back the metal strand 1.
- the straightening zone 20 in the curved part 16 then extends from the first pair of support rollers 22 of the segment 24 with the straightening radius R1 to the last pair of support rollers 22 of the segment 24 with the straightening radius R5.
- the beginning of the straightening zone can also only begin at segment 24 with the radius R2, ⁇ 2 assuming a value of approximately 40 °.
- R1 would still correspond to the strand guide arc radius RSt, with an increase in the radius only starting at R2, for straightening the metal strand 1.
- the second angle ⁇ it is also possible for the second angle ⁇ to assume a value of approximately 50 °, which in the Figure 1 is indicated by dashed lines in ⁇ 3 .
- the straightening zone 20 would not begin until the segment 24 with the radius R3, the radii R1 and R2 of the previous segments 24 still corresponding to the strand guide bottom radius RSt.
- the beginning of the straightening zone and / or a change in the straightening radius does not start at the beginning of a segment 24, but is also provided within a respective segment.
- the support rollers 22 in the sheet part 16 can be designed to be drive-free. This simplifies the construction of the segments 24 and reduces the machine costs.
- the support rollers 22 in the curved part 16 can also be formed without a drive, in the same way as in the embodiment of FIG Figure 2 .
- Another difference compared to the embodiment of Figure 2 consists in the fact that the number of support rollers 22 on the inside of the arch part 16 is chosen to be smaller than on the outside of the arch part 16.
- six support rollers 22 are provided on the inside of each segment 24 in the arch part 16, seven support rollers 22 being provided on the outside of the arc part 16 per segment 24.
- the horizontal part 18 of the strand guide can be longer than in the exemplary embodiments according to FIG Figures 1-3 be formed, which is indicated by a broken line in the horizontal part 18.
- the horizontal part 18 can also have a length, so that the condition 1: 1.5 to 1: 6 is fulfilled for a length of the arch part BL with respect to the metallurgical longitudinal ML.
- the horizontal part 18 can be supplemented by at least one support roller segment 26, the length of which in the casting direction G corresponds to at least one developed length of the angle arc which the mold 10 is rotated with its center line 14 from the horizontal 12 downward by the first angle ⁇ .
- a distributor trough carriage 28 is shown above the mold 10 and has an immersion tube 30 pointing in the direction of the mold 10.
- the molten steel will introduced into the mold 10 by means of the dip tube 30.
- the distributor trough carriage 28 can be moved by a third angle ⁇ on a circular arc with respect to the mold 10. This results in a displacement of the distributor trough carriage 28 relative to the mold 10 in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, as in FIG Figure 4 indicated by the arrows x and z and the dashed lines for the distribution trough car 28.
- the wear of the immersion tube 30 can be optimized by an oscillation of the distributor trough carriage 28 due to the aforementioned movement along the circular arc by the angle ⁇ .
- a guide element 32 in the form of a sheet, a wooden plate or a refractory material, Figure 4 can also be arranged between the mold 10 and a directly adjoining first segment 24 of the curved part 16.
- the guide element 32 causes liquid steel to be drained off if the metal strand 1 breaks or the mold 10 overflows.
- a collecting container (not shown) can also be provided in order to catch the liquid steel in the event of a break through.
- a method according to the present invention now works as follows: After leaving the mold 10, the metal strand 1 is introduced downward into the curved part 16 of the strand guide, and straightened there in the straightening zone 20, before it enters the horizontal part 18 of the strand guide at the tangential point TP, now completely straight. Within the arch part 16, the metal strand 1 is also cooled at the same time by means of suitable (and not shown in the drawing) cooling devices.
- the length BL of the curved part 16 is selected, as explained, by the positioning of the mold 10 rotated downward by the first angle ⁇ such that the ratio of the tension applied to the metal strand 1 and its ductility is optimally set. Due to the shortened arc length BL of the arc part 16 and the thus shortened running length of the metal strand 1 up to the tangential point TP, the outside temperature of the metal strand 1 increases there by approximately 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. The surface temperature of the metal strand 1 can be chosen such that it lies at the tangential point TP of the strand guide above the secondary ductility minimum of the steel grade to be cast.
- this temperature increase is used to expand the range of castable steel grades, taking crack sensitivity into account, or to increase operational reliability when casting such sensitive steel grades.
- This allows the distance to the secondary ductility minimum to be increased.
- the straightening of the metal strand 1 takes place in a temperature range of its outer fiber which lies above the ductility minimum, as a result of which crack formation can be avoided.
- the metal strand 1 therefore has relatively more heat content than in the prior art.
- this has the consequence that the passage of a particle in the metal strand 1 through the so-called brittle zone becomes shorter the closer it is upstream. This further reduces the risk of internal cracking.
- the beginning of the straightening zone 20 is spaced apart on an arc by the second angle ⁇ , namely with respect to the center line 14 of the mold 10, and thus the straightening of the metal strand 10 relatively close to the mold 10 or lies on the casting mirror.
- a casting speed vG can be at least 0.15 m / min, preferably between 0.4 to 12 m / min, and more preferably less than 10 m / min.
- segments 24 can also be saved as a result of its shortening.
- the number of identical segments 26 in the horizontal part 18 can be increased, which consequently leads to a reduction in reserve segments to be kept and thus to cost savings.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Stranggießen eines Metallstranges nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1The invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of a metal strand according to the preamble of claim 1
Auf dem Gebiet des Stranggießens mit vergleichsweise großen Gießdicken von mehr als 100 mm, insbesondere von mehr als 300 mm, zeichnet sich ein Trend zu zwei unterschiedlichen Typen von Stranggießanlagen ab, nämlich Senkrecht-Abbiegeanlage und Kreisbogenanlage. Allein diese beiden Anlagentypen machen derzeit mehr als ca. 70 % der weltweit installierten Anlagen auf dem Gebiet des Stranggießens mit der genannten großen Gießdicke aus. Diesen beiden Anlagentypen ist gemeinsam, dass sie eine vergleichsweise große Bauhöhe aufweisen, was nachteilig zu hohen Installationskosten führt und einen hohen ferrostatischen Druck in dem Metallstrang verursacht.In the field of continuous casting with comparatively large casting thicknesses of more than 100 mm, in particular of more than 300 mm, there is a trend towards two different types of continuous casting plants, namely vertical bending plants and circular arc plants. These two types of plant alone currently account for more than approx. 70% of the plants installed worldwide in the field of continuous casting with the aforementioned large casting thickness. These two types of plant have in common that they have a comparatively large overall height, which disadvantageously leads to high installation costs and causes a high ferrostatic pressure in the metal strand.
Aus der Literatur sind Stranggießanlagen bekannt, die bei einer Gießdicke von größer 100 mm eine vergleichsweise niedrige Bauhöhe aufweisen.Continuous casting plants are known from the literature which, with a casting thickness of greater than 100 mm, have a comparatively low overall height.
Nachstehend werden einige prinzipielle Nachteile von Bogen-Stranggießanlagen erläutert, wie sie beispielsweise aus
Die Auslegung einer Strangführung für Bogen-Stranggießanlagen, insbesondere für rissempfindliche Stahlgüten, ist sehr eng mit der Temperaturführung zwischen der ersten und letzten Biegeumformung des erzeugten Stahlstrangs einerseits und der Lage der Duktilitätsminima des Stahls andererseits verknüpft. Die Strecke von der Kokille bis zum Ende des Richtbereichs ist in einer Kreisbogenanlage wenigstens gleich dem Produkt aus (kleinstem) Gießradius mit dem Faktor π/2. In einer Senkrecht-Abbiegeanlage steigt sie um die Länge des Senkrechtteils. Beim Mehrpunktbiegen und -richten nimmt diese Strecke mit jedem weiteren Biege- und/oder Richtpunkt weiter zu. Damit kann es bei gegebener Anlagen-Globalgeometrie (d. h. die Aufeinanderfolge der Teilbögen des Rollenplans) und angestrebter Mindesttemperatur am Tangentialpunkt notwendig werden, die Gießgeschwindigkeit zu reduzieren, um den Metallstrang rissfrei in die Horizontale einmünden zu lassen. Umgekehrt kann es bei gegebener Gießleistung und Globalgeometrie ggf. unmöglich werden, die angestrebte Temperaturuntergrenze am Tangentialpunkt einzustellen.The design of a strand guide for continuous sheet casting systems, especially for crack-sensitive steel grades, is very closely linked to the temperature control between the first and last bending deformation of the steel strand produced on the one hand and the position of the ductility minima of the steel on the other. The distance from the mold to the end of the straightening area in a circular arc system is at least equal to the product of the (smallest) casting radius with the factor π / 2. In a vertical turning system, it increases by the length of the vertical part. With multi-point bending and straightening, this distance increases with every further bending and / or straightening point. With a given system global geometry (i.e. the sequence of the partial sheets of the roll plan) and the desired minimum temperature at the tangential point, it may be necessary to reduce the casting speed in order to allow the metal strand to flow into the horizontal without cracks. Conversely, given the casting performance and global geometry, it may be impossible to set the desired lower temperature limit at the tangential point.
Wesentliche Beanspruchungen, sowohl der Schale des gegossenen Produkts als auch der maschinenbaulichen Komponenten der Stranggießanlage, resultieren aus dem ferrostatischen Druck des flüssigen Inhalts des Metallstranges und den Widerständen des Metallstranges gegen eine Biege- bzw. Richtumformung. Die Beanspruchungen in Folge des ferrostatischen Drucks wachsen direkt proportional zur Anlagenhöhe. Die Widerstände des Metallstranges gegen eine Richtumformung sind abhängig von der Temperaturführung und des Widerstandes der Strangschale gegen diese Umformung, welche wiederum mit der Querschnittsfläche des erstarrten Stranganteils im Richtbereich verknüpft ist. Je niedriger die Temperatur und je größer die erstarrte Strangquerschnittsfläche im Richtbereich der Anlage ist, umso höher sind folglich die auf Strang und Maschinenkomponenten einwirkenden mechanischen Beanspruchungen.Significant stresses, both on the shell of the cast product and the mechanical components of the continuous casting plant, result from the ferrostatic pressure of the liquid content of the metal strand and the resistance of the metal strand to bending or straightening. The stresses resulting from the ferrostatic pressure increase in direct proportion to the plant height. The resistances of the metal strand against directional shaping depend on the temperature control and the resistance of the strand shell against this shaping, which in turn is linked to the cross-sectional area of the solidified strand portion in the straightening area. The lower the temperature and ever The larger the solidified cross-sectional area in the straightening area of the system, the higher the mechanical stresses on the strand and machine components.
Im Unterschied zu den vorstehend erläuterten Bogen-Stranggießanlagen ist insbesondere bei Stranggießanlagen für Langprodukte allgemein bekannt, deren Kokillen so anzuordnen, dass eine Tangente an die Hinterkante des Kokillenhohlraums in Höhe des Meniskus oder bis an die Oberkante der Kokille reicht. Dies bedeutet, dass die Kokille in ihrer mittleren Längausdehnung automatisch geringfügig gegen die Vertikale geneigt ist. Je nach Lage des Tangentenpunkts an die Vertikale und einer Länge der Kokille entstehen dabei Winkel von höchstens 1,5° bis 4°.In contrast to the continuous sheet casting plants explained above, in particular in the case of continuous casting plants for long products, it is generally known to arrange their molds in such a way that a tangent to the rear edge of the mold cavity extends at the level of the meniscus or to the upper edge of the mold. This means that the mold is automatically slightly inclined towards the vertical in its central longitudinal extent. Depending on the position of the tangent point to the vertical and a length of the mold, angles of at most 1.5 ° to 4 ° are created.
Aus
Entsprechend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, beim Stranggießen mit einer Bogenstranggießanlage den notwendigen Installationsaufwand zu vermindern und dabei gleichzeitig die resultierende Produktqualität des Metallstranges zu verbessern.Accordingly, the invention has for its object to reduce the necessary installation effort in continuous casting with a sheet caster and at the same time to improve the resulting product quality of the metal strand.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
Bei einem erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Stranggießen eines Metallstranges kommt eine Stranggießanlage zum Einsatz, die zum Gießen eines Metallstranges in einer Gießrichtung dient. Eine solche Stranggießanlage umfasst eine Kokille, die auf einem Kreisbogen unterhalb der Horizontalen gedreht angeordnet ist, derart, dass eine Mittellinie bzw. die Centerline der Kokille mit der Horizontalen einen ersten Winkel einschließt. Ferner umfasst die Stranggießanlage eine der Kokille in Gießrichtung nachgeordnete bogenförmige Strangführung in Form eines Bogenteils, in dem der Metallstrang mit einem Strangführungs-Bogenradius geführt wird, wobei der Bogenteil in Form eines Ovalbogens ausgebildet ist und ein von dem Bogenteil eingeschlossener Winkel zumindest 66° beträgt, eine dem Bogenteil in Gießrichtung nachgeordnete horizontale Strangführung in Form eines Horizontalteils, und eine in dem Bogenteil der Strangführung vorgesehene Richtzone mit zumindest einem Richtpunkt, wobei der Metallstrang in der Richtzone von dem Strangführungs-Bogenradius geradegerichtet wird. Der Beginn der Richtzone ist in Gießrichtung gesehen von der Mittellinie der Kokille auf einem Bogen um einen zweiten Winkel beabstandet, wobei der zweite Winkel zwischen 30° bis 60° beträgt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Winkel größer als 0° beträgt, so dass die Kokille in den Bogenteil der Strangführung hineingedreht ist, wobei der erste Winkel bis 20° beträgt, innerhalb der Richtzone die Anzahl der Richtpunkte zwischen 7 und 20 beträgt, dass das Richten des Metallstrangs in der Richtzone in einem Temperaturbereich von dessen Außenfaser erfolgt, der oberhalb des Duktilitätsminimums der zu vergießenden Stahlgüte liegt, und dass die Oberflächentemperatur des Metallstranges am Tangentialpunkt oberhalb des sekundären Duktilitätsminimums der zu vergießenden Stahlgüte liegt.In a method according to the invention for the continuous casting of a metal strand, a continuous casting installation is used which is used for casting a metal strand in a casting direction. Such a continuous caster comprises a mold which is arranged rotated on an arc below the horizontal, in such a way that a center line or the center line of the mold forms a first angle with the horizontal. Furthermore, the continuous casting installation comprises an arcuate strand guide in the form of an arc part downstream of the mold in the casting direction, in which the metal strand is guided with a strand guide arc radius, the arc part being designed in the form of an oval arc and an angle enclosed by the arc part being at least 66 °, a horizontal strand guide in the form of a horizontal part arranged downstream of the arch part in the casting direction, and a straightening zone provided in the arch part of the strand guide with at least one straightening point, the metal strand being straightened in the straightening zone by the strand guide arc radius. The start of the straightening zone, viewed in the casting direction, is at a distance from the center line of the mold on an arc at a second angle, the second angle being between 30 ° and 60 °. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the first angle is greater than 0 °, so that the mold is screwed into the curved part of the strand guide, the first angle being up to 20 °, within the straightening zone the number of straightening points is between 7 and 20 that the straightening of the metal strand in the straightening zone takes place in a temperature range of its outer fiber that lies above the ductility minimum of the steel grade to be cast, and that the surface temperature of the metal strand at the tangential point lies above the secondary ductility minimum of the steel grade to be cast.
Das Merkmal "Mittellinie der Kokille" ist nach den Gepflogenheiten beim Stranggießen und im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung als Orthogonale zu verstehen, die rechtwinklig auf eine Breitseite der Kokille in einem mittigen Abschnitt davon gerichtet ist. Dies gilt in gleicher Weise bei einer gekrümmten Bogenkokille als auch bei einer geraden Kokille mit planparallelen Breitseiten. Somit definiert der erste Winkel, den diese Mittellinie der Kokille mit einer Horizontalen einschließt, die Position der Kokille, um die sie in den Kreis- bzw. Gießbogen nach unten hineingedreht angeordnet ist.The feature "center line of the mold" is to be understood as orthogonal according to the practice of continuous casting and in the sense of the present invention, which is directed at right angles to a broad side of the mold in a central section thereof. This applies in the same way to a curved arc mold as well as to a straight mold with plane-parallel broad sides. Thus, the first angle, which this center line of the mold includes with a horizontal line, defines the position of the mold by which it is arranged rotated downwards into the circular or pouring arc.
Der Erfindung liegt die wesentliche Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass bezüglich des Bogenteils eine Verkürzung von dessen Bogenlänge dadurch erreicht wird, dass die Kokille um den ersten Winkel nach unten gedreht angeordnet ist. Dies trägt zu einer Verringerung der Anlagenhöhe bei, wodurch gleichzeitig ein ferrostatischer Druck, der auf den gegossenen Metallstrang wirkt, vermindert werden kann. Die Anzahl von erforderlichen Richtpunkten in dem Bogenteil kann geeignet dadurch beeinflusst werden, dass der Strangführung-Bogenradius des Bogenteils unmittelbar im Anschluss an die Kokille nicht zu klein gewählt wird, und zum Beispiel zwischen 4,9 m und 9 m gewählt ist. Ein Richten des Metallstranges in dem Bogenteil ohne die Gefahr einer Rissbildung und ohne den Nachteil von zu hohen Beanspruchungen von Stützrollen oder dergleichen wird dadurch erzielt, dass der Beginn der Richtzone in Gießrichtung gesehen von der Mittellinie der Kokille auf einem Bogen um einen zweiten Winkel beabstandet ist, der zwischen 30° und 60° groß ist. Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, dass die Temperatur des Metallstranges beim Beginn des Richtens einerseits ausreichend hoch ist und andererseits der Metallstrang noch nicht so weit durcherstarrt ist, dass ein Richten bzw. ein Zurückbiegen in eine Gerade auf unzulässig hohe Widerstände stößt.The invention is based on the essential finding that a shortening of the arc length of the arc part is achieved in that the mold is rotated downwards by the first angle. This contributes to a reduction in the plant height, which at the same time can reduce a ferrostatic pressure which acts on the cast metal strand. The number of required alignment points in the curved part can be suitably influenced by the fact that the strand guide arc radius of the curved part immediately after the mold is not chosen too small and, for example, is chosen between 4.9 m and 9 m. A straightening of the metal strand in the arch part without the risk of crack formation and without the disadvantage of excessive stresses on support rollers or the like is achieved in that the beginning of the straightening zone, viewed in the casting direction, is spaced apart from the center line of the mold on an arch by a second angle which is between 30 ° and 60 °. This ensures that the temperature of the metal strand at the start of straightening is sufficiently high on the one hand and on the other hand the metal strand has not yet solidified to such an extent that straightening or bending back into a straight line encounters impermissibly high resistances.
Erfindungsgemäß ergibt sich der Vorteil einer höheren Strangtemperatur in der Richtzone des Bogenteils, wodurch auch eine höhere Kühlleistung und ggf. eine höhere Produktion bzw. größere Gießgeschwindigkeit resultieren kann. Dies steht auch in Verbindung mit einem verminderten metallurgischen Weganteil des gegossenen Metallstranges im Bogenteil der Strangführung.According to the invention, there is the advantage of a higher strand temperature in the straightening zone of the curved part, which can also result in a higher cooling capacity and possibly a higher production or higher casting speed. This is also in connection with a reduced metallurgical path portion of the cast metal strand in the curved part of the strand guide.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Kokille in Form einer Bogenkokille ausgebildet sein, vorzugsweise dergestalt, dass ein Krümmungsradius der Bogenkokille zwischen 4,9 m und 9 m beträgt. Weiter vorzugsweise ist für diesen Fall der Strangführungs-Bogenradius des Bogenteils unmittelbar im Anschluss an die Bogenkokille in Übereinstimmung mit dem Krümmungsradius der Bogenkokille gewählt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der gegossene Metallstrang, nachdem er nach unten aus der Kokille ausgetreten ist, direkt mit einer gebogenen Krümmung in den Bogenteil der Strangführung einläuft, die an den Strangführungs-Bogenradius angepasst ist. Gesonderte Biegeeinrichtungen oder dergleichen, die unterhalb der Kokille für ein Biegen des Metallstranges anzuordnen wären, sind für diesen Fall dann nicht erforderlich.In an advantageous development of the invention, the mold can be designed in the form of an arc mold, preferably in such a way that a radius of curvature of the arc mold is between 4.9 m and 9 m. In this case, the strand guide arc radius of the arc part is also preferably selected immediately following the arc mold in accordance with the radius of curvature of the arc mold. As a result, the cast metal strand, after it has emerged from the mold downwards, runs directly into the arch part of the strand guide with a curved curvature, which is at the strand guide arc radius is adjusted. Separate bending devices or the like, which would have to be arranged below the mold for bending the metal strand, are then not required in this case.
Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist unter einer Strangführung in Form eines Ovalbogens eine solche zu verstehen, bei der der Krümmungsradius nicht konstant ist, sondern in Gießrichtung gesehen in Richtung zunimmt. Dies wirkt sich vorteilhaft auf eine verminderte Anlagenhöhe der Stranggießanlage aus. In jedem Fall ist die Kokille derart angeordnet, dass ein Gießspiegel innerhalb der Kokille einen vertikalen Abstand zum Horizontalteil der Strangführung zwischen 5 m und 9 m aufweist und entsprechend die Anlagenhöhe der Stranggießanlage in diesem Wertebereich liegt. Die Ausgestaltung des Bogenteils der Strangführung in Form eines Ovalbogens bietet auch den Vorteil, dass zum Beispiel im Vergleich zu einer Kreisbogenanlage mehr Richtpunkte möglich sind, zum Beispiel 3 bis 5 mehr Richtpunkte, um den Metallstrang zurück zu einer Geraden zu richten.In the sense of the present invention, a strand guide in the form of an oval arch is to be understood as one in which the radius of curvature is not constant, but rather increases in the direction seen in the casting direction. This has an advantageous effect on a reduced plant height of the continuous casting plant. In any case, the mold is arranged in such a way that a casting level within the mold has a vertical distance from the horizontal part of the strand guide of between 5 m and 9 m and the system height of the continuous casting system is accordingly in this range of values. The configuration of the arc part of the strand guide in the form of an oval arc also offers the advantage that, for example, in comparison to a circular arc system, more straightening points are possible, for example 3 to 5 more straightening points, in order to direct the metal strand back to a straight line.
Die Ausgestaltung des Bogenteils der Strangführung derart, dass ein von ihm eingeschlossener Winkel zumindest 66° beträgt, führt zu einer Mindest-Bogenlänge des Bogenteils und stellt sicher, dass der gegossene Metallstrang nach dem Verlassen der Kokille ausreichend lange gekühlt und über eine geeignete Anzahl von Richtpunkten zurück in eine Gerade gerichtet bzw. zurückgebogen werden kann.The design of the arch part of the strand guide such that an angle enclosed by it is at least 66 ° leads to a minimum arch length of the arch part and ensures that the cast metal strand is cooled sufficiently long after leaving the mold and via a suitable number of straightening points can be directed back into a straight line or bent back.
Dadurch, dass der erste Winkel, um den die Kokille nach unten in den Bogenteil der Strangführung hineingedreht wird, größer als 0° beträgt, ist sichergestellt, dass die Stranggießanlage eine verminderte Anlagenhöhe aufweist. Die exakte Festlegung des ersten Winkels ist auf eine jeweilige Anlage und im Einzelfall abzustimmen, auch unter Berücksichtigung der Anzahl von gewählten Richtpunkten in der Richtzone des Bogenteils.The fact that the first angle through which the mold is rotated downward into the curved part of the strand guide is greater than 0 ° ensures that the continuous casting installation has a reduced installation height. The exact definition of the first angle is to be matched to a particular system and in individual cases, also taking into account the number of selected straightening points in the straightening zone of the curved part.
Eine Stranggießanlage zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eignet sich insbesondere zum Gießen von Metallsträngen mit einer relativ großen Gießdicke, die zumindest 80 mm und vorzugsweise auch zwischen 110 mm und 700 mm betragen kann. Prinzipiell sind bezüglich der Gießdicke bei der Erfindung nach oben keine Grenzen gesetzt. Des Weiteren ist die Kokille der Stranggießanlage darauf abgestimmt, dass eine Gießbreite zumindest 500 mm beträgt, und vorzugsweise aus einem Bereich zwischen 800 mm und 4000 mm gewählt ist.A continuous caster for carrying out a method according to the invention is particularly suitable for casting metal strands with a relatively large casting thickness, which can be at least 80 mm and preferably also between 110 mm and 700 mm. In principle, there are no upper limits to the casting thickness in the invention. Furthermore, the mold of the continuous casting plant is matched to the fact that a casting width is at least 500 mm, and is preferably chosen from a range between 800 mm and 4000 mm.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind sowohl in dem Bogenteil als auch in dem Horizontalteil der Strangführung eine Mehrzahl von Stützrollen vorgesehen, vorzugsweise beiderseits des Metallstranges, d. h. an einer Oberseite und an einer Unterseite davon. Diese Stützrollen können insbesondere in der Richtzone des Bogenteils, und optional auch in dem Horizontalteil, zu einzelnen Segmenten zusammengefasst sein. Dies ermöglicht zu Wartungs- oder Reparaturzwecken ein zeitsparendes und somit preiswertes Austauschen einer Mehrzahl von Stützrollen, nämlich in Form eines vollständigen Segments. In diesem Zusammenhang wird darauf hingewiesen, dass der Strangführungs-Bogenradius insbesondere in der Richtzone des Bogenteils so gewählt ist, dass sich die Stützrollen-Segmente auch nach oben, d. h. in Richtung des Innenradius des Bogenteils herausheben lassen. In dieser Weise ist dann eine Verwendung von Kränen oder dergleichen, die an einer Hallendecke oder vergleichbaren Gerüsten angebracht sein können, möglich.In an advantageous development of the invention, a plurality of support rollers are provided both in the arch part and in the horizontal part of the strand guide, preferably on both sides of the metal strand, i.e. H. on top and bottom of it. These support rollers can be combined into individual segments, in particular in the straightening zone of the curved part, and optionally also in the horizontal part. This enables a time-saving and therefore inexpensive replacement of a plurality of support rollers, namely in the form of a complete segment, for maintenance or repair purposes. In this context, it is pointed out that the strand guide arc radius, in particular in the straightening zone of the arc part, is selected such that the support roller segments also extend upwards, ie. H. Let it lift out in the direction of the inner radius of the arc part. In this way, it is then possible to use cranes or the like, which can be attached to a hall ceiling or comparable scaffolding.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann in der Richtzone des Bogenteils die Anzahl von Stützrollen an der Innenseite des Bogenteils kleiner gewählt sein als an der Außenseite des Bogenteils. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Stützrollen insbesondere an der Innenseite des Bogenteils mit weniger Aufwand anzuordnen, und ggf. entweder größere Lager zu verwenden und/oder größere Radiensprünge innerhalb der Richtzone zu realisieren.In an advantageous development of the invention, the number of support rollers on the inside of the arch part can be selected to be smaller in the straightening zone of the arch part than on the outside of the arch part. This makes it possible to arrange the support rollers, in particular on the inside of the arch part, with less effort, and, if appropriate, either to use larger bearings and / or to implement larger radius jumps within the straightening zone.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung können für eine Stranggießanlage, mit der ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren durchführbar ist, die Kosten der Installation und insbesondere auch während der Lebensdauer der Anlage vermindert werden, wenn die Segmente von Stützrollen sowohl in dem Bogenteil als auch in dem Horizontalteil der Strangführung jeweils vom gleichen Segmenttyp gewählt sind. Hierdurch ist es möglich, diese Segmente modulweise auszutauschen, falls eine Wartung oder eine Reparatur von Stützrollen erforderlich ist. Eine weitere Vereinfachung der Stranggießanlage und damit eine Verminderung der Kosten ist dadurch möglich, dass die Stützrollen zumindest im Bereich der Richtzone oder in übrigen Bereichen des Bogenteils jeweils antriebslos sind. Somit erfüllen die Stützrollen in diesem Bereich lediglich eine Stütz- oder Richtfunktion, wobei ein Antrieb für eine Rotation dieser Stützrollen entbehrlich ist.In an advantageous development of the invention, for a continuous casting installation with which a method according to the invention can be carried out, the costs of installation and in particular also during the life of the installation can be reduced if the segments of support rollers both in the curved part and in the Horizontal part of the strand guide are selected from the same segment type. This makes it possible to replace these segments in modules if maintenance or repair of support rollers is required. A further simplification of the continuous casting installation and thus a reduction in costs is possible in that the support rollers are in each case without drive, at least in the area of the straightening zone or in other areas of the curved part. The support rollers in this area thus only fulfill a support or straightening function, a drive for rotating these support rollers being unnecessary.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist eine metallurgische Länge einer Stranggießanlage, mit der ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren durchführbar ist, im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Anlagen ungefähr gleich groß gewählt. Dies wird dadurch erzielt, dass der Horizontalteil der Strangführung um zumindest ein Segment von Stützrollen ergänzt ist, dessen Länge in Gießrichtung zumindest einer abgewickelten Länge eines Winkelbogens entspricht, um den die Kokille mit ihrer Mittellinie von der Horizontalen um den ersten Winkel nach unten gedreht ist. Anders ausgedrückt, wird der Horizontalteil der Strangführung um die Länge ergänzt, die der Bogenteil durch das Nach-Unten-Drehen der Kokille um den ersten Winkel verkürzt worden ist. In diesem Kontext wird darauf verwiesen, dass nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung eine Länge des Bogenteils bezüglich einer metallurgischen Länge der Stranggießanlage die Bedingung 1:6 bis 1:1,5 erfüllt. Anders ausgedrückt, nimmt somit die metallurgische Länge der Anlage, gerechnet vom Meniskus innerhalb der Kokille bis zur letzten Stützrolle des Horizontalteils, mindestens den 1,5-fachen Wert der Länge des Bogenteils und maximal dessen 6faches an.In an advantageous development of the invention, a metallurgical length of a continuous casting installation, with which a method according to the invention can be carried out, is selected to be approximately the same size as compared to conventional installations. This is achieved in that the horizontal part of the strand guide is supplemented by at least one segment of support rollers, the length of which in the casting direction corresponds to at least a developed length of an angle curve, about which the mold is rotated with its center line from the horizontal by the first angle downwards. In other words, the horizontal part of the strand guide is supplemented by the length that the curved part has been shortened by the first angle by rotating the mold downwards. In this context, reference is made to the fact that, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a length of the arch part with respect to a metallurgical length of the continuous casting installation fulfills the condition 1: 6 to 1: 1.5. In other words, the metallurgical length of the system, calculated from the meniscus inside the mold to the last supporting roller of the horizontal part, takes at least 1.5 times the length of the arch part and a maximum of 6 times this length.
Der vorstehend bereits erläuterte Vorteil einer verminderten Anlagenhöhe geht auch einher mit dem Vorteil, dass für die eine Stranggießanlage, mit der ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren durchführbar ist, weniger Aufwand für den installationstechnischen Aufwand an Stahlbau etc. erforderlich ist. Der verminderte ferrostatische Druck, der wegen der geringeren Anlagenhöhe auf den gegossenen Metallstrang wirkt, führt auch zu der Möglichkeit, dass die Anlage mit geringerer Steifigkeit ausgelegt werden kann, was ebenfalls zu Kostenvorteilen führt. Hiermit einher geht auch der Vorteil, dass wegen des verminderten ferrostatischen Drucks eine geringere Ausbauchung bezüglich des gegossenen Metallstranges eintritt, wodurch das Risiko einer Rissbildung geringer und eine Seigerungsausbildung verbessert ist. Sollte es dennoch wider Erwarten zu einem Durchbruch in der Strangführung kommen, so ergibt sich durch die um den ersten Winkel gedrehte Anordnung der Kokille eine vorteilhafte Schadensminimierung dadurch, dass heruntertropfende Stahlschmelze lediglich nach unten und dabei nicht in angrenzende Segmente der Strangführung tropft. Für einen solchen Durchbruch ist auch die Anordnung von Leitelementen und/oder Auffangbehältern oder dergleichen vorteilhaft, die das flüssige Stahlgut entsprechend gezielt ableiten bzw. auffangen können.The advantage of a reduced system height, which has already been explained above, also goes hand in hand with the advantage that the one continuous casting installation with which a method according to the invention can be carried out requires less expenditure on the installation outlay on steel construction etc. The reduced ferrostatic pressure, which acts on the cast metal strand due to the lower plant height, also leads to the possibility that the plant can be designed with less rigidity, which also leads to cost advantages. This is also accompanied by the advantage that, due to the reduced ferrostatic pressure, there is less bulging with respect to the cast metal strand, as a result of which the risk of crack formation is reduced and the formation of segregation is improved. If, contrary to expectations, there is a breakthrough in the strand guide, the arrangement of the mold rotated by the first angle results in advantageous damage minimization by the fact that steel melt dripping down only drips downward and does not drip into adjacent segments of the strand guide. For such a breakthrough, the arrangement of guide elements and / or collecting containers or the like is also advantageous, which can appropriately discharge or collect the liquid steel material accordingly.
Nachstehend sind Ausführungsbeispiele einer Stranggießanlage, mit der ein Verfahren nach der vorliegenden Erfindung durchgeführt werden kann, anhand von schematisch vereinfachten Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematisch vereinfachte Seitenansicht einer Stranggießanlage,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematisch vereinfachte Seitenansicht einer Stranggießanlage nach einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel,
- Fig. 3
- eine schematisch vereinfachte Seitenansicht einer Stranggießanlage nach einem noch weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, und
- Fig. 4
- eine schematisch vereinfachte Seitenansicht einer Stranggießanlage nach einem noch weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.
- Fig. 1
- a schematically simplified side view of a continuous caster,
- Fig. 2
- 1 shows a schematically simplified side view of a continuous casting installation according to a further exemplary embodiment,
- Fig. 3
- a schematically simplified side view of a continuous caster according to yet another embodiment, and
- Fig. 4
- a schematically simplified side view of a continuous caster according to yet another embodiment.
In den
Die Strangführung ist im Anschluss an die Kokille 10 bogenförmig ausgebildet, in Form eines sogenannten Bogenteils 16. Dieser Bogenteil 16 führt bis zu einem Tangentialpunkt TP, ab dem die Strangführung in einen Horizontalteil 18 übergeht. In dem Bogenteil 16 ist eine Richtzone 20 vorgesehen, die nachstehend noch im Detail erläutert ist. Sowohl in dem Bogenteil 16 als auch in dem Horizontalteil 18 der Strangführung sind eine Mehrzahl von in Gießrichtung G nebeneinander angeordneten Stützrollen 22 vorgesehen, die sich paarweise gegenüberliegen und somit den Metallstrang 1 von seiner Ober- und Unterseite her kontaktieren. Diese Stützrollen 22 sind in dem Bogenteil 16 zu Segmenten 24 und in dem Horizontalteil 18 zu Segmenten 26 zusammengefasst. Hierbei kann vorgesehen sein, dass zumindest eine Stützrolle 22 innerhalb eines jeden Segments über einen Antrieb verfügt und entsprechend in Rotation versetzt wird, um den Metallstrang 1 in Gießrichtung G anzutreiben.Following the
Die Anlagenhöhe hA der Stranggießanlage 100, d.h. ein vertikaler Abstand des Horizontalteils 18 bis zur Mittellinie 14 der Kokille 10, kann zwischen 4,9 m und 9 m betragen.The system height hA of the
Der Bogenteil 16 weist unmittelbar im Anschluss an die Kokille 10 einen Strangführungs-Bogenradius RSt auf. Zweckmäßigerweise kann dieser Strangführungs-Bogenradius RSt gleich groß gewählt sein wie der Krümmungsradius RK der Kokille 10, zum Beispiel auf einen Wert zwischen 4,9 m und 9 m.Immediately following the
In der Zeichnung ist eine Bogenlänge des Bogenteils 16 von dem Meniskus innerhalb der Kokille 10 bis zum Tangentialpunkt TP mit "BL" gekennzeichnet, wobei eine metallurgische Länge der Stranggießanlage 100, d. h. eine Länge vom Meniskus innerhalb der Kokille 10 bis zur letzten Stützrolle 22 innerhalb des Horizontalteils 18, mit "ML" benannt ist. Das Verhältnis von BL zu ML wird nachstehend noch im Detail erläutert.In the drawing, an arc length of the
Im Anschluss an den Bereich mit dem Strangführungs-Bogenradius RSt umfasst der Bogenteil 16 die Richtzone 20, in der eine Mehrzahl von Segmenten 24 mit jeweils zunehmenden Radien R1-R5 vorgesehen sind. Indem der Radius von in Gießrichtung G aufeinanderfolgenden Segmenten 24 jeweils zunimmt, wird der Metallstrang 1 beim Durchlaufen durch diese Segmente 24 sukzessive gerade gerichtet, bis er nach Verlassen des letzten Segmentes 24, d.h. am Tangentialpunkt TP, vollständig gerade gerichtet ist. In diesem Zusammenhang wird darauf hingewiesen, dass bezüglich der Segmente 24 innerhalb der Richtzone 20 vereinfacht angenommen werden kann, dass der Richt-Radius von allen Stützrollen 22 innerhalb eines jeweiligen Segmentes 24 gleich groß gewählt ist. Somit nimmt der Richt-Radius erst bei einem in Gießrichtung G nachfolgenden Segment zu, mit der Beziehung: R5 > R4 > R3 > R2 > R1 > RSt. Diesbezüglich ist ein Segment 24 bzw. eine Stützrolle 22 mit einem bestimmten Richt-Radius als Richtpunkt zu verstehen. In dem vorgenannten Beispiel ergeben sich durch die Segmente 24 mit den Richt-Radien R1-R5 entsprechend fünf Richtpunkte in der Richtzone 20. Alternativ hierzu, und in der Darstellung von
In dem Bogenteil 16 ist der Beginn der Richtzone 20, d.h. das Stützrollenpaar 22 des Segments 24 mit den Radius R1, in Gießrichtung G gesehen von der Mittellinie 14 der Kokille 10 auf einem Bogen um einen zweiten Winkel β beabstandet, der zwischen etwa 30° und 60° betragen kann. Für das Ausführungsbeispiel von
Alternativ und durch einen zweiten Winkel β2 mit gestrichelten Linien in
In den
Bei der Ausführungsform von
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel von
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel von
In
Ein Leitelement 32 in Form eines Blechs, einer Holzplatte oder aus einem feuerfesten Material,
Bezüglich des Verteilerrinnenwagens 28, des Leitelements 32 und des Auffangbehälters versteht sich, dass diese Elemente in gleicher Weise auch bei den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß der
Ein Verfahren gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung funktioniert nun wie folgt:
Nach dem Verlassen der Kokille 10 wird der Metallstrang 1 nach unten in den Bogenteil 16 der Strangführung eingeleitet, und dort in der Richtzone 20 gerade gerichtet, bevor er am Tangentialpunkt TP, nunmehr vollständig gerade gerichtet, in den Horizontalteil 18 der Strangführung eintritt. Innerhalb des Bogenteils 16 wird der Metallstrang 1 gleichzeitig auch gekühlt, mittels geeigneter (und in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellter) Kühleinrichtungen.A method according to the present invention now works as follows:
After leaving the
Die Länge BL des Bogenteils 16 ist wie erläutert durch die um den ersten Winkel α nach unten gedrehte Positionierung der Kokille 10 derart gewählt, dass das Verhältnis aus auf den Metallstrang 1 aufgebrachter Spannung und seiner Duktilität optimal eingestellt ist. Durch die verkürzte Bogenlänge BL des Bogenteils 16 und die somit verkürzte Lauflänge des Metallstrangs 1 bis zum Tangentialpunkt TP steigt dort die Außentemperatur des Metallstranges 1 um ca. 50 °C bis 100 °C. Die Oberflächentemperatur des Metallstrangs 1 kann so gewählt, dass sie am Tangentialpunkt TP der Strangführung oberhalb des sekundären Duktilitätsminimums der zu vergießenden Stahlgüte liegt. Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird diese Temperaturerhöhung dazu ausgenutzt, den Bereich vergießbarer Stahlgüten unter Berücksichtigung einer Rissempfindlichkeit zu erweitern bzw. die Betriebssicherheit beim Vergießen solcher sensibler Stahlgüten zu erhöhen. Hierdurch kann der Abstand zum sekundären Duktilitätsminimum vergrößert werden. Anders ausgedrückt, erfolgt das Richten des Metallstranges 1 in einem Temperaturbereich von dessen Außenfaser, der oberhalb des Duktilitätsminimums liegt, wodurch eine Rissbildung vermieden werden kann. In der Richtzone 20 besitzt der Metallstrang 1 somit relativ mehr Wärmeinhalt als im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik. Des Weiteren hat dies zur Folge, dass der Durchlauf eines Partikels in dem Metallstrang 1 durch die so genannte Brittle-Zone umso kürzer wird, je näher er stromaufwärts erfolgt. Dies setzt eine Gefahr einer Innenrissbildung weiter herab. In diesem Zusammenhang ist bei der vorliegenden Erfindung von Bedeutung, dass der Beginn der Richtzone 20 um den zweiten Winkel β auf einem Bogen beabstandet ist, nämlich bezüglich der Mittellinie 14 der Kokille 10, und somit das Richten des Metallstranges 10 relativ nahe an der Kokille 10 bzw. am Gießspiegel liegt.The length BL of the
Im Umkehrschluss ist es auch möglich, unter Beibehaltung des Temperaturniveaus am Tangentialpunkt TP die Kühlleistung über die Bogenlänge BL des Bogenteils 16 zu erhöhen. Im letzteren Fall kann hierdurch eine Erhöhung der Gießgeschwindigkeit und somit eine Leistungserhöhung der Stranggießanlage 100 erzielt werden. Eine stärkere Kühlung des Metallstranges 1 hat auch den Vorteil, dass ein Lötbruch in oberflächennahen Bereichen des Metallstranges 1 vermieden werden kann. Bei Verwendung von Schrotteinsätzen sind somit höhere Gehalte an Kupfer möglich. In diesem Zusammenhang darf darauf verwiesen werden, dass eine Gießgeschwindigkeit vG zumindest 0,15 m/min, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,4 bis 12 m/min, und weiter vorzugsweise weniger als 10 m/min betragen kann.Conversely, it is also possible to increase the cooling capacity over the arc length BL of the
Bei der Ausgestaltung des Bogenteils 16 lassen sich in Folge von dessen Verkürzung auch Segmente 24 einsparen. Gleichzeitig kann die Anzahl von baugleichen Segmenten 26 in dem Horizontalteil 18 erhöht werden, was in Folge dessen zu einer Reduzierung von vorzuhaltenden Reservesegmenten und damit zu Kosteneinsparungen führt.In the configuration of the
Claims (16)
- Method for continuous casting of a metal strip (1) with a continuous casting plant (100), which serves for casting the metal strip (1) in a casting direction (G) and comprises:a mould (10) which is arranged on an arc below the horizontal (12) to be turned in such a way that a centre line (14) of the mould includes a first angle (α) with the horizontal (12),an arcuate strip guide, which is downstream of the mould (10) in casting direction (G), in the form of a curved part (16) in which the metal strip (1) is guided at a strip guide curve radius (RS), wherein the curved part (16) is constructed in the form of an oval curve and an angle included by the curved part (16) is at least 66°,a horizontal strip guide, which is downstream of the curved part (16) in casting direction (G) in the form of a horizontal part (18), wherein the strip guide goes over at a tangential point (TP) from the curved part (16) to the horizontal part (18),a straightening zone (20), which is provided in the curved part (16) of the strip guide, with at least one straightening point, wherein the metal strip (1) is straightened in the straightening zone (20) from the strip guide curve radius (RSt),wherein as seen in casting direction (G) the start of the straightening zone (20) is spaced from the centre line (14) of the mould (10) by a second angle (β) on a curve, wherein the second angle (β) is 30° to 60°,wherein the method is characterised in thatthe first angle (α) is greater than 0° so that the mould (10) is turned into the curved part (16) of the strip guide, wherein the first angle (α) is up to 20°,within the straightening zone (20) the number of straightening points is between 7 and 20, the straightening of the metal strip (1) in the straightening zone (20) takes place in a temperature range of the outer strand thereof, which range lies above the ductility minimum of the steel quality to be cast andthe surface temperature of the metal strip (1) at the tangential point (TP) lies above the secondary ductility minimum of the steel quality to be cast.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the mould (10) is constructed in the form of a curved mould, preferably in that a radius (RK) of curvature of the curved mould is between 4.9 m and 9 m.
- Method according to claim 2, characterised in that the strip guide curve radius (RSt) of the curved part (16) directly subsequent to the mould (10) corresponds with the radius (RK) of curvature thereof.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the mould (10) is constructed in the form of a straight mould.
- Method according to claim 4, characterised in that arranged in or in front of the curved part (16) is a bending device by means of which the metal strip (1) is bent to the strip guide curve radius (RSt) of the curved part (16).
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mould (10) is so arranged that a plant height (hA) is between 5 m and 9 m.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mould (10) and the downstream strip guide are so arranged that the metal strip has a casting width of at least 500 mm, preferably between 800 mm and 4,000 mm, and/or a casting thickness of at least 80 mm, preferably between 110 mm and 700 mm.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the curved part (16) and the horizontal part (18) each comprise a plurality of support rollers (22), preferably in that the support rollers (22) are combined at least in the straightening zone (20) of the curved part (16) into individual segments (24), further preferably that within a segment (24, 26) 5 to 8, particularly 6 or 7, support rollers (22) are arranged adjacent to one another in casting direction (G).
- Method according to claim 8, characterised in that in the straightening zone (20) of the curved part (16) the number of support rollers (22) at the inner side of the curved part (16) is less than at the outer side of the curved part (16).
- Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the segments (24) in the curved part (16) and/or the segments (26) in the horizontal part (18) each correspond with the same segment type.
- Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that a plurality of straightening points is provided within a segment (24) in the curved part (16).
- Method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterised in that the horizontal part (18) is supplemented by at least one segment (26) of support rollers (22), the length of which in casting direction (G) corresponds with at least a developed length of the angle curve about which the mould (10) is turned downwardly by its centre line (14) from the horizontal through the first angle (α).
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a length (BL) of the curved part (16) with respect to a metallurgical length (ML) fulfils the condition 1:6 to 1:1.5.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the support rollers (22) are free of drive at least in the region of the straightening zone (20) or in the region of the curved part (16).
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an overflow carriage (28) associated with the mould (10) is movable in vertical direction, preferably in that the overflow carriage is movable above the mould (10) through a third angle (γ) on an arc adapted to the radius (RK) of curvature of the mould (10).
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the casting speed (vG) is at least 0.15 m/min, preferably between 0.4 m/min and 12 m/min, more preferably less than 10 m/min.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102013224557.2A DE102013224557A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2013-11-29 | Continuous casting plant and method for continuous casting of a metal strand |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2893993A1 EP2893993A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
EP2893993B1 true EP2893993B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP14195350.5A Active EP2893993B1 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-11-28 | String moulding assembly and method for the string moulding of a metal string |
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EP (1) | EP2893993B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013224557A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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DE102017213647A1 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Sms Group Gmbh | Continuous casting plant and method for its operation |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1458154A1 (en) * | 1964-02-03 | 1969-01-16 | Mannesmann Ag | Method for straightening an arched strand in a steel continuous casting plant |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH403172A (en) | 1963-07-05 | 1965-11-30 | Moossche Eisenwerke Ag | Device for continuous casting of metal |
JPS58363A (en) | 1981-06-25 | 1983-01-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method and device for curved type continuous casting by leveling at multiple points |
JPS5850156A (en) | 1981-09-04 | 1983-03-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | Continuous casting machine of low machine height and multipoints setting and curving type |
CH639013A5 (en) | 1981-09-30 | 1983-10-31 | Nippon Steel Corp | ARC CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE. |
DE3331575C2 (en) | 1983-09-01 | 1986-07-31 | Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Process for continuous arc casting of metal, in particular steel |
US4953614A (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1990-09-04 | Herbert Lemper | Modular continuous caster |
DE3839954A1 (en) * | 1988-11-26 | 1990-05-31 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | PLANT FOR PRODUCING HOT-ROLLED STEEL STRIP |
DE4316050C2 (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1998-02-12 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Thin slab caster |
DE19639302C2 (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 2000-02-24 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Method and device for producing thin slabs on a continuous caster |
AT406746B (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2000-08-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METAL AND CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE HERE |
DE19956556A1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-05-31 | Sms Demag Ag | Radius configuration of the strand guide of a vertical bending continuous caster |
DE102007032985A1 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-18 | Sms Demag Ag | Continuously casting a metal strand, comprises downwardly leading the cast strand to a mold, guiding along a strand guide, solidifying within the strand guide and then diverting and directing in casting direction behind the strand guide |
AT507590A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2010-06-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | METHOD AND CONTINUOUS CASTING SYSTEM FOR MANUFACTURING THICK BRAMMS |
-
2013
- 2013-11-29 DE DE102013224557.2A patent/DE102013224557A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2014
- 2014-11-28 EP EP14195350.5A patent/EP2893993B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1458154A1 (en) * | 1964-02-03 | 1969-01-16 | Mannesmann Ag | Method for straightening an arched strand in a steel continuous casting plant |
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