EP2892369A1 - Processing sun-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Processing sun-cured tobaccoInfo
- Publication number
- EP2892369A1 EP2892369A1 EP13755964.7A EP13755964A EP2892369A1 EP 2892369 A1 EP2892369 A1 EP 2892369A1 EP 13755964 A EP13755964 A EP 13755964A EP 2892369 A1 EP2892369 A1 EP 2892369A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- whole
- leaves
- plants
- tobacco plants
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000748095 Hymenopappus filifolius Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012789 harvest method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
Definitions
- Flue-curing involves hanging tobacco in curing barns that have flues from externally-fed fire boxes, and heat-curing the tobacco without exposing it to smoke or sunlight, whilst slowly raising the temperature over the course of the curing. The process generally takes about a week.
- the tobacco leaves are manually removed from the plants whilst the plants are in the field, so as to leave the stalks behind, and the leaves are then threaded onto a string to provide approximately 200 to 500 leaves per meter of string material. The string is then hung allowing the tobacco leaves to be sun-cured. The remaining stalk material is then removed separately.
- the harvesting and processing of sun-cured tobacco is extremely time consuming, as well being labor intensive.
- the present invention relates to harvesting the whole tobacco plant for sun-curing. This is different from conventional processing for sun-cured tobacco in which the leaf material is manually separated from the stalk material.
- the field can be immediately prepared for further tobacco cultivation.
- the present invention relates to a method of processing sun-cured tobacco, comprising harvesting a predetermined amount of whole tobacco plants, supporting the whole tobacco plant on a support material and sun-curing the leaves on the whole plant.
- the support material and the frame together are referred to herein as the "curing structure”.
- each bail can comprise several layers of whole tobacco plants.
- one layer comprising several whole tobacco plants is oriented in a first direction, and another layer below or above is oriented in the opposite direction.
- the separated tobacco leaf material is preferably heated in a stream of hot air at a temperature of between 150°C and 400°C, in order to dry the leaf material.
- the dried tobacco leaves are preferably further cut to a width of between 0.3mm to 1.3mm.
- FIG. 1 shows a method of processing tobacco according to the invention comprising process steps 1 to 8.
- step 2 a predetermined amount of whole tobacco plant is then strung on a stringing material, such as a thread.
- the whole tobacco plant is prepared for threshing in process step 6.
- the whole tobacco plant is threshed by standard threshing machines, in order to separate the leaf material from the stalk and stem material.
- the leaf material then undergoes a further drying process in step 7.
- the leaf material is dried by a hot air stream, in order to reach a predetermined moisture degree that is low enough to allow for easier cutting and storage. This is typically below 12% O.V.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
A method of processing sun-cured tobacco, comprises harvesting a predetermined amount of whole tobacco plants, and curing the leaves on the whole tobacco plants by exposing them to sunlight, without separating the leaves from the stalk.
Description
Processing Sun-Cured Tobacco
The present invention relates to a method of processing sun-cured tobacco and, in particular, relates to a method of harvesting sun-cured tobacco.
Sun-cured tobacco dries by exposure to sunlight, either under a curing structure that can be a transparent cover or by direct sunlight and is a process that is commonly used for curing certain tobacco types, especially oriental tobacco.
Oriental tobacco is primarily cultivated in Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, and Turkey, but also in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Oriental tobacco is also known as Turkish tobacco and is a highly aromatic tobacco that has smaller leaves than other tobacco types and is the principal tobacco that can be sun-cured.
Other tobacco types are not suitable for sun-curing since this does not provide the final tobacco with the desired characteristics suitable for use in smoking articles. Instead, other tobacco types undergo different processing including air-curing, fire-curing, and flue-curing. Air curing involves hanging tobacco, notably Burley tobacco, in ventilated barns without subjecting it to sunlight and allowing it to dry over a period of four to eight weeks in order to provide a tobacco high in nicotine. Fire curing involves hanging the tobacco in barns without subjecting it to sunlight, maintaining a fire on continuous or intermittent low smoulder in the barn and allowing the tobacco to cure over a period of three days to ten weeks. Flue-curing involves hanging tobacco in curing barns that have flues from externally-fed fire boxes, and heat-curing the tobacco without exposing it to smoke or sunlight, whilst slowly raising the temperature over the course of the curing. The process generally takes about a week.
During the normal harvesting and curing cycle of sun-cured tobacco, the tobacco leaves are manually removed from the plants whilst the plants are in the field, so as to leave the stalks behind, and the leaves are then threaded onto a string to provide approximately 200 to 500 leaves per meter of string material. The string is then hung allowing the tobacco leaves to be sun-cured. The remaining stalk material is then removed separately. Thus, the harvesting and processing of sun-cured tobacco is extremely time consuming, as well being labor intensive.
It would be desirable to provide a more efficient method for processing sun-cured tobacco. It would also be desirable to provide a method for processing sun-cured tobacco that is
economical. Furthermore, it would be desirable to provide an improved method for harvesting sun-cured tobacco.
Accordingly the present invention relates to harvesting the whole tobacco plant for sun-curing. This is different from conventional processing for sun-cured tobacco in which the leaf material is manually separated from the stalk material.
Harvesting the whole tobacco plant instead of separately removing leaves from the plant significantly reduces the duration of the process with the benefit that the risk of loss of tobacco products, due to adverse weather conditions during the harvesting cycle, is reduced.
Additionally, the labor cost associated with the harvesting cycle can be considerably reduced since it is easier for the workers to handle the whole harvested tobacco plant compared to separating individual leaf material.
In particular, it is much easier and less time consuming to attach or support the whole tobacco plant on a support material compared to the conventional process of stringing each leaf separately.
By "support material" it is meant a material to which the tobacco plant is attached or on which the tobacco plant is supported to allow it to be hung so that air can circulate through and around the tobacco plant. Suitable support materials include string, wire, rods, poles, sticks or any similar elongated material upon which the tobacco plant can be attached. Typically, attachment is carried out by threading or stringing the tobacco plant onto the support material.
Furthermore, the whole tobacco plant can be attached to or support by the support material by the stalk either manually or mechanically. This is in contrast to conventional process of stringing of loose tobacco leaves which is typically performed manually.
Additionally, since no stalk material will remain in the tobacco field after harvesting, the field can be immediately prepared for further tobacco cultivation.
The harvesting of the whole tobacco plant also provides advantages for processing steps that follow the harvest method. For instance, during the curing process of the whole oriental tobacco plants, air and sunlight are more evenly transmitted to the tobacco leaves. Therefore, the curing
process consumes less time and reduces undesired variability in properties, such as moisture levels, between different leaves.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method of processing sun-cured tobacco, comprising harvesting a predetermined amount of whole tobacco plants, supporting the whole tobacco plant on a support material and sun-curing the leaves on the whole plant.
By harvesting the whole tobacco plant, it is meant that no stalks or leaves are intentionally left in the field, i.e. the entire plant with all leaves is harvested. Thereby, the leaves stay connected to the stems, and the stems stay connected to the stalk.
Preferably, about 20 to 50 whole tobacco plants are attached to each metre of support material.
The support material is typically attached to or supported on frame comprising vertical supports, such as posts or walls, to maintain the support material above the ground at a height at which the whole tobacco plant does not touch the ground when attached to or support on the support material. This allows air to circulate freely around each plant, which is important for avoiding the imbalance of certain leaves curing more than others.
The support material and the frame together are referred to herein as the "curing structure".
The tobacco plants are preferably attached by the stalk end of the plant, such that when the support material is mounted onto the curing structure, the plants are upside-down, with the leaves being closer to the ground than the stalk end.
Preferably, dividers are provided on the support material between the whole tobacco plants, in order to keep a predetermined distance between each of the plants. This improves the curing of the tobacco leaves, as air can more easily circulate through and between the plants. Preferably, the curing structure is provided directly in or adjacent the tobacco fields where the tobacco plants are harvested.
The entire tobacco plants are preferably strung by hand or by mechanical stringing equipment, which facilitates preparation for the curing process.
For curing the tobacco leaves, it is preferable that the curing structure is permeable to air, such that air can flow through the hung plants in a uniform manner. Preferably, the curing structure is covered with a transparent cover, in order to prevent rain from falling onto the supported whole tobacco plants.
After curing and before bailing, the whole tobacco plants are preferably stored in an enclosed or covered structure having open sides. In order to be shipped, the cured whole tobacco plants are bailed, wherein each bail can comprise several layers of whole tobacco plants. Preferably, one layer comprising several whole tobacco plants is oriented in a first direction, and another layer below or above is oriented in the opposite direction. By layering the whole tobacco plants in such a way, the bail is more stable.
The whole tobacco plants are preferably forwarded to a leaf processing facility after curing. Typically, in this further processing the whole tobacco plants are threshed in threshing machines, in order to separate the cured tobacco leaf material from the stalk and stem material of the tobacco plant. By threshing the whole tobacco plants, it is not only possible to separate the leaves from the stalk of the plant, but also to separate the stem material from the leaf material. This enables to provide a very fine tobacco leaf material with high quality. The separated stalk and stem material can then be used for expanded tobacco material. Expanded tobacco can be prepared according to processes well known to the person skilled in the art.
In order to avoid the threshed oriental tobacco plants becoming too dry, which would make it unsuitable for use in many tobacco products, it is preferred that the cured tobacco plants are conditioned to increase their moisture content before being threshed in the leaf processing facility. As a result, the processed tobacco material will provide a better structure for a cigarette product. The moisture content of the whole oriental tobacco plants is preferably increased to at least 12% oven volatiles (o.v.) through the conditioning process.
The conditioning of the whole tobacco plants is preferably achieved by using steam, water, or a mixture of steam and water. The steam, water, or mixture thereof can be provided at the desired temperature, in order to achieve the preferred moisture degree for the tobacco plants.
After conditioning, the leaf material is preferably dried during a drying process. During drying, the moisture content of the tobacco leaf material is decreased to such a degree in order to constitute
cut filler material for cigarettes. In addition, this provides a product that can be stored for a longer period.
In order to dry the conditioned leaf, the separated tobacco leaf material is preferably heated in a stream of hot air at a temperature of between 150°C and 400°C, in order to dry the leaf material. In order to create cut filler material, the dried tobacco leaves are preferably further cut to a width of between 0.3mm to 1.3mm.
In an alternative process to bailing the whole tobacco plants and then threshing to separate the leaves, stems, and stalks, the cured leaves may be separated from the strung whole tobacco plants directly after the curing process. In this process, the cured tobacco leaves are preferably manually removed from the tobacco plant stalks while the whole tobacco plants are still hanging in the curing structure. As a result, after separating the cured tobacco leaves from the stalks, the stalk material will remain on the curing structure ready for further processing, as described above. The removal of the tobacco leaves is preferably achieved by cutting with a knife. Since the curing process reduces the moisture content of the leaves, this makes removal of the tobacco leaves easier than when the leaves are removed manually from the stalk in the tobacco field. Further, removal of the leaves from the hung tobacco plants enables the worker to operate standing up whereas conventional leaf removal occurs whilst the plant is still in the ground and requires the worker to kneel or bend down. This enables the harvester to work more efficiently.
The separated leaves can then be conditioned, cut and dried according to the processes described above.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown by figure 1. Figure 1 shows a method of processing tobacco according to the invention comprising process steps 1 to 8.
According to step 1 , the whole oriental tobacco plant is harvested in the tobacco field.
In step 2, a predetermined amount of whole tobacco plant is then strung on a stringing material, such as a thread.
Next, during process step 3, the strung whole tobacco plant is supported on a frame to form a curing structure, and a transparent protective cover is placed over the curing structure. The plant is then left exposed to sunlight for a period of about ten to twenty days.
The cured whole oriental tobacco plant is then bailed for shipping in process step 4.
Following this, in step 5, the whole tobacco plant is conditioned by using steam, water or a mixture thereof, in order to reach a predetermined moisture degree in the oriental tobacco plant material to provide a conditioned plant in having greater than 18% O.V (oven volatiles).
Once the desired moisture content is reached, the whole tobacco plant is prepared for threshing in process step 6. During the threshing process, the whole tobacco plant is threshed by standard threshing machines, in order to separate the leaf material from the stalk and stem material.
Once the leaf material has been separated from the stalk and stem material of the whole oriental tobacco plant, the leaf material then undergoes a further drying process in step 7. In this step, the leaf material is dried by a hot air stream, in order to reach a predetermined moisture degree that is low enough to allow for easier cutting and storage. This is typically below 12% O.V.
Once the oriental leaf material reaches the predetermined moisture degree through the drying process, the leaf material is then cut in step 8. The leaf is typically cut to a width of about 0.8 to 0.9 mm, in order be ready for use in a smoking article, such as a cigarette.
Claims
1. A method of processing oriental sun-cured tobacco, comprising: harvesting a predetermined amount of whole oriental tobacco plants, and curing the leaves on the whole oriental tobacco plants by exposing them to sunlight, without separating the leaves from the stalk.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the whole tobacco plants are attached to or supported on a support material.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the support material is a string, wire, rod, pole, stick or similar elongate material upon which the whole tobacco plant can be attached.
4. A method according to claim 2 or claim 3 wherein the whole tobacco plants are attached to the support material at or through the stalk end of the plant and are hung upside-down on the support material.
5. A method according to any one claims 2 to 4 wherein dividers are provided on the support material between the whole tobacco plants.
6. A method according to any one of claims 2 to 5 wherein the leaves of the cured whole tobacco plants are removed from the rest of the plants whilst plants are still attached to or supported by the support material.
7. A method according to one of the previous claims wherein the cured whole tobacco plants are stored under a cover that is open to the atmosphere.
8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the cured whole tobacco plants are threshed in a leaf processing facility, in order to separate leaf from stalk material.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the leaves of the tobacco plants are further cut to a width of between 0.3 to 1.3 mm, in order to create cut leaf ready for use in a smoking article.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13755964.7A EP2892369A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2013-08-22 | Processing sun-cured tobacco |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12006123 | 2012-08-29 | ||
| EP13755964.7A EP2892369A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2013-08-22 | Processing sun-cured tobacco |
| PCT/EP2013/002531 WO2014032784A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2013-08-22 | Processing sun-cured tobacco |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2892369A1 true EP2892369A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
Family
ID=46826198
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13755964.7A Withdrawn EP2892369A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2013-08-22 | Processing sun-cured tobacco |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150208718A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2892369A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104602550A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112015004269A2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014032784A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104082844B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-11-23 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司湄潭县分公司 | The method of baking tobacco leaves |
| CN104305508B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-08-17 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | The exempting from of a kind of Turkish tobaccos wears modulator approach |
| CN104397864B (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-09-28 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | The processing method of Turkish tobaccos Nicotiana tabacum L. |
| DE102015113289A1 (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2017-02-16 | Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method for providing at least one tobacco rod of a tobacco mixture and device of the tobacco processing industry |
| DE102015113292A1 (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2017-02-16 | Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method of providing small pieces of tobacco and setting up the tobacco processing industry |
| GB201520056D0 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2015-12-30 | British American Tobacco Co | Tobacco blend |
| CN106509962B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-03-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of Sun cured tobacco tobacco leaf seals yellow technique and modulation processing method |
| BR112019009137A2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2019-07-16 | British American Tobacco Investments Ltd | composition, device, cartridge and method for generating an inhalable medium |
| UA125470C2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2022-03-23 | Брітіш Амерікан Тобакко (Інвестментс) Лімітед | TOBACCO MIXTURE |
| CN108523196B (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2020-11-17 | 四川中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for sun-curing tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3866334A (en) * | 1973-09-26 | 1975-02-18 | Barney K Huang | Greenhouse-bulk curing and drying system |
| US4282888A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1981-08-11 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Apparatus for stripping leaves from a stalk cured tobacco plant |
| US4790334A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-12-13 | The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Portable curing frame |
| US4920090A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1990-04-24 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the formation of shaped agglomerates from particulate solids |
| US4920990A (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1990-05-01 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette |
| EP0931464A1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 1999-07-28 | Fabriques De Tabac Reunies S.A. | A process for providing cut filler for cigarettes |
| CN1286407C (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2006-11-29 | 武汉烟草(集团)有限公司 | Sheeting method for suncuring tobacco |
| BRPI0504416B1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2013-02-05 | Method and greenhouse for curing and drying tobacco plants. |
-
2013
- 2013-08-22 US US14/423,517 patent/US20150208718A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-22 BR BR112015004269A patent/BR112015004269A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-08-22 EP EP13755964.7A patent/EP2892369A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-08-22 WO PCT/EP2013/002531 patent/WO2014032784A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-08-22 CN CN201380044778.6A patent/CN104602550A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014032784A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014032784A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
| US20150208718A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
| BR112015004269A2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
| CN104602550A (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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