EP2891750B1 - Plate compactor ajustably arranged on a carrier device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a plate compactor having the features of independent claim 1, which is adjustably arranged on a carrier device.

Such plate compactors are used for the mechanical compacting of surfaces, for example of underground layers for road construction or for foundations of buildings or the like. Known plate compactors may in particular be provided with an unbalanced transmission which is coupled to a drive motor. Optionally, the unbalance transmission via a separate hydraulic control circuit of a carrier device can be driven by a hydraulic oil motor.

According to the prior art devices are known, which are provided as a plate compactor for attachment to carrier equipment such as wheel loaders, tractors, excavators, graders, snow groomers, etc. On the carrier of the plate compactor is usually hinged or raised and lowered anchored to compact soils of various kinds. The compaction is required to reach a stable ground. On this underground roads, paths and squares are built. For operation, these plate compactors are pushed by the movements of the carrier equipment on the material to be compacted, wherein the oscillating part is in an up-and-down movement in direct contact with the ground. Due to the vibration frequencies, which are predetermined by the rotational speed of the unbalanced shafts, the required for the compression deflections of the standing in contact with the ground bottom plate of the plate compactor arise. The amplitudes of these deflections determine how high the oscillating lower part lifts off the ground. The weight of the non-vibrating shell contributes significantly to this, in order to achieve an optimal compression result.

However, since the weight of the plate compactor must not exceed the payload specified by the manufacturers, only limited compaction performance can be expected with this type of attachments. In order to achieve better compaction values during the operation of a mounting plate compressor through an optimum introduction of force, the dead weight of the non-oscillating mass (upper part) must be adapted to the weight of the oscillating mass (lower part). If the weight of the mounted plate compactor is too large, the material to be compacted will move under the oscillating mass (bottom part) exactly as if you were taking advantage of the Dead weight of the carrier device would press on the material to be compacted. In addition, a steering movement would no longer be possible because the front wheels would not have sufficient ground contact. In the known plate compactors, the suspension is designed so that it, connected to the non-oscillating upper part via a gimbal, connected to the carrier device. About this suspension of the plate compactor is pushed or pulled. This type of suspension creates a so-called wobble effect during operation. The vibrations propagate vertically downwards and upwards, but also horizontally on both sides. This results in a significant loss of compaction energy, since a full force application vertically downwards is not possible.

A plate compactor with an unbalance transmission, which is designed as an attachment for attachment to excavators, wheel loaders o. The like. Carrier vehicles, goes, for example, from the EP 1 930 505 A1 out.

A self-propelled plate compactor with linear vibration excitation is in DE 10 2006 000 786 A1 disclosed.

By the DE 11 50 928 B discloses a device for soil compaction, consisting of a carrier vehicle and a vibrating plate. The carrier vehicle carries on its front side a rocker, which can be hydraulically lifted or pressed down. On one arm of the rocker, a fork lever is pivotally mounted, which surrounds a vibrating plate and is pivotally connected thereto. The vibrating plate has an imbalance shaker. On the vibrating plate a head plate is supported by springs. The rocker can press at the working position on the top plate, so that not only the weight of the top plate, but in addition the force exerted by the rocker hydraulic force can act as a surcharge. At the free end of the rocker sits a rubber-tyred role, which is overlapped on the top plate by a hook attached to the vibrating plate with axial play.

The known plate compactors are not universally usable, since for different substrates in each case different weights and vibration characteristics of the plate compactor are required. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a hitch plate compactor which is as universally applicable as possible, which allows great variability with regard to the compression forces which can be introduced into the soil.

This object of the invention is achieved with the subject matter of independent claim 1. Features of advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims. To achieve the stated object, the invention proposes a plate compactor which is arranged or mounted on a carrier device via a freely oscillating suspension kinematics adjustable. the plate compactor is articulated by means of at least one articulated joint to an auxiliary frame, said auxiliary frame is pivotally and adjustably connected to the carrier device. The subframe is preferably arranged movably on the carrier device about an approximately horizontal pivot axis, wherein the subframe in a first adjustment area articulates the plate compactor via the articulated connection. The subframe is in a second adjustment in addition to the hinge joint and spaced from this at least one force-transmitting contact for exercise and / or increasing a compressive force acting on the plate compactor. It has been proven in practice that the use of mounting plate compactors can provide a significant economic advantage over the use of much heavier equipment in some soils. The present invention provides a particularly universally applicable plate compactor which enables very good compressor performance with a relatively lightweight device. The invention achieves this essentially by designing a coupling element between carrier device and mounting plate compressor so that the bottom pressure of the plate compactor can be changed during operation. This individual adaptability of the compressor pressure leads to a simple way to an even better compression, without the weight of the plate compactor must be increased.

In a preferred variant of the invention, the at least one force-transmitting contact with the subframe is made elastically yielding. Thus, the force-transmitting contact can be formed in particular by at least one elastically resilient contact element with approximately linear or progressive spring detection. For this purpose, in particular rubber spring elements, plastic or metal springs or fluidic acting spring and / or damping elements in question. The design of the force-transmitting contact between subframe and plate compactor or the two or more force-transmitting contacts by elastically resilient contact elements or by at least one resilient contact element provide for an effective and variably modifiable power transmission, without causing undesirable force peaks in the oscillating plate compactor and inelastic contact would be inevitable.

In the variant of the plate compactor according to the invention, the subframe is held by means of a height and / or tilt adjustable parallel kinematics on the carrier device and thereby connected in an adjustable manner with this. Preferably, the subframe is pivotally connected to at least one lower link, which is mounted in an articulated mounting for height adjustment of the plate compactor angle-adjustable on the carrier. In addition, the auxiliary frame for tilt adjustment is preferably connected via a longitudinally adjustable upper link with the carrier device. This longitudinally adjustable upper link can, for example, be an existing tilt cylinder of an adjustable blade holder of the carrier device or carrier vehicle. The lower link or the lower link can / can therefore be used as a pivot bearing or raised and lowered lower link of the blade holder.

The arranged between subframe and carrier upper link can be formed, for example, by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, with which not only the inclination of the subframe can be adjusted, but also with a definable application of force to the plate compactor is made possible via the force-transmitting contact to the subframe.

Particularly useful is a detection of the transferred via the hydraulic cylinder or the adjustable upper link forces on the plate compactor; For this purpose, for example, the top link or the hydraulic cylinder, a force measuring device for detecting a force acting on the subframe actuating force and / or a resulting contact pressure of the plate compactor be assigned to a soil surface to be compacted.

In addition, another variant of the plate compactor can provide that the subframe, the top link and / or the plate compactor is / are equipped with at least one acceleration sensor for detecting vibration characteristics of the plate compactor and / or for detecting soil properties.

The force measuring device and / or the acceleration sensor can be coupled to an evaluation and / or regulating device and / or to a device for visualization.

In a variant of the plate compactor encompassed by the present invention, its freely oscillating suspension kinematics is configured in a manner and by operation of an existing blade tilting cylinder or a pivoting device a frame adjustable so that this guided to a rubber buffer mounted against a free-swinging rocker and at one point of the frame fixed rocker vertically down over a lever action over a point of the upper part of the plate compactor presses that this can exert pressure on the lower part via vibration elements. This plate compactor is particularly suitable for mounting on wheel loaders, tractors, rollers, graders, caterpillars o. The like. Carrier or carrier vehicles.

Below are further aspects of the present invention. Since it has been found that with the use of mounting plate compressors in some soils a huge economic advantage over much heavier devices, the object is achieved with the invention to improve a device of this kind again, that even better compression with a relatively light Device is possible. The invention solves this problem simply by designing a coupling element between the carrier device and the mounting plate compressor so that the bottom pressure of the plate compactor can be changed during operation. This results in a simple way to an even better compression, without the weight of the plate compactor is increased. For this purpose, a suspension is proposed, which is designed so that a horizontally acting force can be redirected via movably mounted on a frame rocker in a vertically downwardly acting force by the movement of the Schaufelkippzylinder or a hydraulic upper link via kinematics. Since the hydraulic circuit and at least one hydraulic cylinder for tilting a bucket or an attachment is / are present in each carrier, no additional control circuit or hydraulic cylinder is needed. It is proposed to provide a connection via a frame via a rocker to the upper part of the plate compactor. The wings are only free-swinging on the frame and on the upper part. This creates no more tumbling effect. In order to achieve optimum displacement over the material to be compacted, the two storage points are mounted approximately at the same height. When the bucket cylinder is moving towards the frame, the frame will bear against a rubber buffer. The result is a lever effect: the horizontally acting force is thereby redirected via the bearing on the frame via the storage on the upper part of the plate compactor in a vertically downwardly acting force. The rubber buffer may also consist of a spring or the like. A measuring point can be provided on the hydraulic cylinder. These can be used to determine the load at which the plate compactor is loaded via the hydraulic pressure.

Thus, different materials with different forces can be optimally compressed by the compactor without the payload of the carrier device is exceeded. It is also possible to apply several plate compactors with the same advantages according to the invention side by side.

Optionally, a measuring point may be provided or provided on a force measuring device or on the hydraulic cylinder. Via this measuring point, the hydraulic pressure can be used to determine the load with which the plate compactor is loaded. To measure the carrying capacity of the soil to be compacted and to assist the driver in achieving a uniform compaction result, an acceleration sensor can be mounted on the oscillating lower part or on the non-oscillating upper part of the plate compactor as a further equipment variant for the compaction measurement. This acceleration sensor detects the ground stiffness, the compression frequency and the amplitude of the oscillations of the plate compactor and delivers these values to a downstream evaluation unit, for example via a CAN bus. In this way, the determined values from the force measuring device can be supplied to a computer in which the results can be evaluated and displayed, for example, to the device operator via a display. Thus, different materials with different dynamic forces and a coordinated driving speed can be optimally compressed.

• Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Ausführungsvariante eines Plattenverdichters in einem ersten Betriebszustand.
• Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht des Plattenverdichters gemäß Fig. 1 in einem zweiten Betriebszustand.
• Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere schematische Seitenansicht des Plattenverdichters, dem Sensoren zugeordnet sind.

In the following, embodiments of the invention and their advantages with reference to the accompanying figures will be explained in more detail. The proportions of the individual elements to one another in the figures do not always correspond to the actual size ratios, since some shapes are simplified and other shapes are shown enlarged in relation to other elements for better illustration.

• Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a plate compactor in a first operating state.
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the plate compactor according to Fig. 1 in a second operating state.
• Fig. 3 shows a further schematic side view of the plate compactor, the sensors are assigned.

For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments are only examples of how the device according to the invention can be designed and do not represent a final limitation.

The schematic side view of Fig. 1 shows a plate compactor 10, which is suspended and connected via a pivoting and height-adjustable suspension kinematics 12 to a carrier vehicle or carrier device 14 only indicated here is. As is the case with conventional plate compactors, the plate compactor 10 according to the invention is also arranged or mounted on the carrier device 14 via the freely oscillating suspension kinematics 12. Like the Fig. 1 can disclose the plate compressor 10 is articulated by means of at least one articulated joint 16 mounted on an auxiliary frame 18, said subframe 18 is pivotally and adjustably connected to the carrier device 14 via said suspension kinematics 12. The subframe 18 is connected in the illustrated embodiment with a downwardly open U-shaped rocker 20, the first leg is pivotally connected via the hinge 16 about a horizontal axis with the subframe 18, and the other leg a pivot point 22 for the upper part suspended therefrom 24 of the plate compactor 10 forms. This connection between the rocker 20 and the plate compressor 10 is usually also articulated, so that the plate compressor 10 can swing around the hinge joint 16 and the pivot point 22 largely free.

The plate compactor 10 is normally provided with an unbalance transmission, which is driven, for example, via an additional hydraulic control circuit of the carrier device 14 by a hydraulic oil motor 26 or optionally also by an electric motor or another drive motor. The plate compressor 10 consists of a vibrating lower part 28 with exciter gear and base plate and from the non-oscillating upper part 24. Between the oscillating lower part 28 and the non-oscillating upper part 24 are vibration elements 30, which may be formed in particular of a rubber-metal compound and can also be referred to as a rubber buffer. With these plate compactors 10 soils 32 of various types are compacted, so that a stable ground can be made, which is suitable as a foundation for road or building construction. For operation, the plate compactor 10 is pushed by the movements of the carrier device 14 on the material to be compacted 32, wherein the oscillating lower part 28 is in direct contact with the ground in an up-and-down movement with defined pressing force 34. The vibrations induced by the rotational speed of the unbalanced shafts cause vibrations with given or variable amplitudes and frequencies. These vibrations with their given or variable amplitudes and frequencies determine how high the oscillating lower part 28 lifts off the ground 32. The weight of the non-oscillating upper part 24 contributes significantly to achieving an optimum compression result.

The Fig. 1 Furthermore, it can be seen that the subframe 18, on which the plate compactor 10 is suspended, is held on the carrier device 14 via an adjustable height and / or tilt-adjustable parallel kinematics and is thus connected in an adjustable manner to the latter. The subframe 18 is on the one hand hingedly connected to a lower link 36 or a lower link pair, which is mounted in articulated mounting for height adjustment of the plate compactor 10 angularly adjustable on a pivot joint 38 on the carrier device 14. An attacking on the lower link 36 and supported on the carrier 14 lifting cylinder 40 allows lifting and lowering of the subframe 18 and thus the plate compactor 10 by pivoting the lower link 36 about its pivot 38th

By further suspension of the subframe 18 by means of a parallel to the lower link 36 arranged upper link 42, the desired parallel kinematics 12 for uniform lifting and lowering of the plate compactor 10 is given. By the Parallellogrammaufhängung 12 of the plate compactor 10 can be raised and lowered by the adjustment of the lifting cylinder 40, without thereby changing the inclination. In order to adjust the auxiliary frame 18 in addition to its inclination, the upper link 42 is formed longitudinally adjustable. In the illustrated embodiment, the longitudinally adjustable upper link 42 is formed by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 44; the upper link 42 may, for example, be an existing tilting cylinder of an adjustable blade holder of the carrier device 14 or carrier vehicle. The lower link 36 and the lower link 36 can / can therefore be used as a pivot bearing or raised and lowered lower link of the blade holder. If the upper link 42 is adjusted in length, the auxiliary frame 18 thereby tilts about its lower articulated connection 37 to the lower link 36 (cf. Fig. 2 ).

By means of the above the lower link 36 on the subframe 18 articulated double-acting hydraulic cylinder 44 of the upper link 42 not only the inclination of the subframe 18 can be adjusted. In addition, thus a definable force application of the plate compactor 10 via a force-transmitting contact 46 to the subframe 18 allows when the top link 42 extended and the upper portion of the subframe 18 is inclined to the plate compactor 10, as shown in the schematic representation of Fig. 2 is clarified.

The adjustable top link 42 makes it possible to move the subframe 18 in a first adjustment range, in which, except the articulated connection 16 no force-transmitting contact 46 between the rocker 20 and the subframe 18th is made. In this first adjustment range of the subframe 18 is arranged on the articulated connection 16 about an approximately horizontal pivot axis movable on the carrier device 14 and articulated.

By a linear extension movement of the hydraulic cylinder 44 of the upper link 42 of the force-transmitting contact 46 is corresponding Fig. 2 produced, whereby the subframe 18 in a second adjustment in addition to the hinge joint 16 and spaced therefrom the force-transmitting contact 46 for exerting and / or increasing an acting on the plate compactor 10 compressive force. It has been found in practice that in some soils 32 can be achieved by the use of such attachment plate compactors a significant economic advantage over the use of much heavier equipment. The present invention provides a particularly universally applicable plate compactor 10 which enables very good compressor performance with a relatively lightweight device. Due to the specially designed suspension kinematics 12, a coupling element between the carrier device 14 and mounting plate compressor 10 is designed so that the bottom pressure 34 of the plate compactor 10 can be changed during operation. This individual adaptability of the compressor pressure 34 results in a simple way to an even better compression, without the weight of the plate compactor 10 must be increased.

The force-transmitting contact 46 between the top of the rocker 20 and a contact plate 48 of the subframe 18 may in particular according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 be configured by an elastically resilient contact element 50 such as, for example, a rubber buffer element o. As contact elements 50 are elastic elements with linear or progressive spring detection, in particular rubber spring elements, plastic or metal springs or fluidic spring and / or damping elements in question. The design of the force-transmitting contact 46 between the subframe 18 and plate compactor 10 and its rocker 20 ensures an effective and variably modifiable power transmission, without causing undesirable force peaks, which would be unavoidable in the oscillating plate compactor 10 and inelastic contact.

The embodiment of the arrangement shown allows in a simple way a more effective compaction work, without the weight of the plate compactor must be increased. The suspension shown is designed so that by the movement of the Schaufelkippzylinders or the hydraulic upper link 42 via the Parallellogrammkinematik 12 a horizontally acting force on the frame 18th movably mounted rocker 20 can be redirected into a vertically downward force 34. Since the hydraulic circuit and at least one hydraulic cylinder 44 for tilting a bucket or an attachment are present in each carrier 14, no additional control circuit or hydraulic cylinder is needed. The subframe 18 provides via the rocker 20, the connection to the upper part 24 of the plate compactor 10. The rocker 20 is mounted only on the frame 18 and the upper part 24 free-swinging. This creates no more tumbling effect. In order to achieve an optimal displacement over the material to be compacted 32, the two mounting points 16 and 22 are mounted approximately at the same height. If a tilting movement takes place with the blade tilting cylinder 44 about the lower pivot bearing 37 of the lower link 36 in the direction of the frame 18 (cf. Fig. 2 ), the frame 18 rests with its contact or abutment plate 48 against the rubber buffer of the contact element 50. There is a lever effect; The horizontally acting force is thereby diverted via the bearing 16 on the frame 18 via the bearing 22 on the upper part 24 of the plate compactor 10 in a vertically downwardly acting force 34 ( Fig. 2 ). The rubber buffer or the elastic element 50 may also consist of a spring or the like.

Like the Fig. 3 By way of example, a pressure sensor 52 can also be provided on the hydraulic cylinder 44. About this pressure sensor can be determined by the hydraulic pressure, the load with which the plate compactor 10 is charged. Thus, various materials in the ground 32 with different forces 34 can be optimally compressed by the compacting device, without the payload of the carrier device 14 is exceeded. Furthermore, the plate compactor 10 may be associated with an additional acceleration sensor 54, which may optionally be arranged on the oscillating lower part 28 or on the non-oscillating upper part 24 (cf. Fig. 3 ). Possibly. For example, the acceleration sensor 54 may also be disposed on the rocker 20 (not shown), or another acceleration sensor may be placed on the rocker 20. This acceleration sensor 54 may serve to obtain meaningful parameters on the carrying capacity of the soil 32 to be compacted while the pressure sensor 52 provides data on the actual pressure force 34 introduced into the soil 32. The acceleration sensor 54 thus provides data that allow conclusions about the soil stiffness; In addition, it provides measurement data for the oscillation frequency and the oscillation amplitude of the plate compactor 10.

The output signals 56 and 58 delivered by the sensors 52 and 54 can be detected in a central evaluation circuit 60, processed and used to generate measurement data 62, which is used to control the plate compactor 10, in particular its vibration generating components such as the oil engine 26 and / or for controlling the actuating cylinder 44 may be used, optionally with additional consideration of stored and / or updatable map values in which soil parameters and / or parameters of the particular plate compactor 10 used as well as operating characteristics of the carrier device 14th may be included.

The measurement data 62 can optionally be visualized and e.g. displayed to the driver via a screen 64 or other output device.

The data transmission of the output signals 56 and 58 as well as the measurement data 62 can take place, for example, via a CAN bus or another suitable signal transmission method.

In addition, the evaluation circuit 60 shown can also function as a control circuit which can control or regulate the plate compressor 10 and / or its suspension from the measured data and / or characteristic map data.

Optionally, a plurality of plate compactors 10 with the same advantages according to the invention can be mounted side by side.

The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or changes may be made to the invention without departing from the scope of the following claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

plate compactor

12

Suspension kinematics, parallelogram suspension

14

Carrier, carrier vehicle

16

articulation

18

subframe

20

wing

22

articulation

24

top

26

motor oil

28

lower part

30

vibrators

32

Ground, compacted material

34

Pressing force, compaction pressure

36

lower link

37

Joint, lower joint, lower joint

38

Swivel joint, upper joint, upper joint connection

40

lifting cylinder

42

top link

44

Hydraulic cylinder, tilting cylinder

46

Force transmitting contact

48

bearing plate

50

Contact element, elastic contact element, rubber buffer

52

pressure sensor

54

accelerometer

56

Output signal (of the pressure sensor)

58

Output signal (of the acceleration sensor)

60

evaluation

62

measurement data

64

Screen, display

Claims (11)

1. A support device (14) with a plate compactor (10) adjustably arranged or, as the case may be, attached thereat by way of a freely swinging kinematic suspension means (12), which plate compactor (10) is articulated to a subframe (18) of the support device (14) by means of at least one articulation (16, 22), wherein the subframe (18) articulates the plate compactor (10) in a first adjustment range by way of the articulation (16, 22), wherein the subframe (18) is pivotably movably and adjustably connected to the support device (14) such that it is held at the support device (14) by way of a height- and/or tilt-adjustable parallel kinematic mechanism (12), characterised in that for the purpose of exerting and/or increasing a compressive force (34) acting upon the plate compactor (10) and/or exerted by the plate compactor (10) onto a subgrade (32), the subframe (18), in a second adjustment range, establishes at least one power-transmitting contact (46) with the plate compactor (10) in addition to and spaced apart from the articulation (16, 22).
2. The support device with plate compactor as recited in claim 1, of which the power-transmitting contact (46) to the subframe (18) is designed to be elastically yielding.
3. The support device with plate compactor as recited in claim 2, of which the power-transmitting contact (46) is formed by at least one elastically yielding contact element (50) with approximately linear or progressive spring characteristic.
4. The support device with plate compactor as recited in claim 3, of which the contact element (50) is formed by a rubber spring element, a synthetic spring or a metal spring, or by a fluidically acting spring element and/or attenuating element.
5. The support device with plate compactor as recited in claim 4, in which the subframe (18) is articulated to at least one lower link (36) of the support device, which lower link (36) is articulated and angle-adjustably mounted at the support device (14) for the purpose of height adjustment of the plate compactor (10), and in which support device the subframe (18) is connected to the support device (14) by way of a longitudinally adjustable upper link (42) for the purpose of tilt adjustment.
6. The support device with plate compactor as recited in claim 5, in which the upper link (42), which is arranged between subframe (18) and support device (14), is formed by a hydraulic cylinder (44).
7. The support device with plate compactor as recited in claim 6, in which a force measuring device (52) is associated with the upper link (42) or with the hydraulic cylinder (44), as the case may be, for the purpose of detecting an actuating power acting upon the subframe (18) and/or for detecting a resulting contact pressure (34) of the plate compactor (10) onto a ground surface (32) to be compacted.
8. The support device with plate compactor as recited in claim 7, in which the subframe (18), the upper link (42) and/or the plate compactor (10) is/are equipped with at least one acceleration sensor (54) for detecting vibration characteristics of the plate compactor (10) and/or for detecting ground characteristics.
9. The support device with plate compactor as recited in one of the claims 7 or 8, in which the force measuring device (52) and/or the acceleration sensor (54) is/are coupled with an evaluation device and/or with a regulation device (60) and/or with a device for visualisation (64).
10. The support device with plate compactor as recited in one of the claims 1 to 9, in which the height- and/or tilt-adjustable parallel kinematic mechanism (12) comprises a shovel tip cylinder (44) that is present at the support device as an upper link, wherein the freely swinging kinematic suspension means (12) of the support device is designed and adjusts the subframe (18) by way of actuating the existing shovel tip cylinder (44) or a pivoting device such that the subframe (18) is guided against a rubber stop (50) of the plate compactor (10), which rubber stop (50) is mounted on a freely swinging swing arm (20), and presses the swing arm (20), which is attached at one point of the frame (48), vertically downward by way of a lever effect about a point (22) of the upper part (24) of the plate compactor (10) such that the plate compactor (10) can exert a pressure onto the lower part (28) by way of vibration elements (30).
11. The support device with plate compactor as recited in one of the claims 1 to 10 wherein the support device is selected from the group of wheel loaders, tractors, road rollers, graders, crawlers or the like support devices (14) or carrier vehicles.

Images