EP2888064A1 - Umformverfahren und ein nach diesem umformverfahren hergestelltes verzahnungsbauteil - Google Patents
Umformverfahren und ein nach diesem umformverfahren hergestelltes verzahnungsbauteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP2888064A1 EP2888064A1 EP13752631.5A EP13752631A EP2888064A1 EP 2888064 A1 EP2888064 A1 EP 2888064A1 EP 13752631 A EP13752631 A EP 13752631A EP 2888064 A1 EP2888064 A1 EP 2888064A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- forming
- tool
- workpiece
- forming method
- force
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/025—Special design or construction with rolling or wobbling dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
Definitions
- the invention relates to a forming method in which a workpiece is formed at room temperature or a certain temperature by means of a forming tool. Furthermore, the invention relates to a molded part produced by this forming process.
- DE 10 2007 023 087 A1 relates to a method for producing cams from a hardenable steel material for a camshaft in an internal combustion engine of a
- the manufacturing method comprises a forming of a semifinished product for producing a cam blank and a subsequent heat treatment of the
- the rod material or the cam disk may be heated to a temperature of up to 400 ° C.-500 ° C., depending on the material, in order to facilitate the forming, so that the deformation takes place as warm forging. Such a temperature increase naturally increases the deformability.
- Temperature is chosen in such a way that the forming without
- Microstructure occurs and no scaling occurs.
- WO 2005/021 177 A1 discloses a method for shaping sheets, in particular for hot or hot forging of blanks, in a forming tool.
- a high degree of deformation proves advantageous due to the use of a warm or hot forging in contrast, for example, to a cold forming such as deep drawing.
- the pressing tools used can be spared.
- high degrees of deformation require a high forming temperature.
- a high forming capacity of ⁇ > 4 is achieved.
- this is associated with a high energy consumption in the heating of the workpiece to the high temperature.
- Another major disadvantage associated with hot forming is the high cost of post-machining, particularly the required removal of the scale resulting from the high temperatures, for example by means of blasting.
- the loss of material proves to be disadvantageous because considerable oversizes must be provided to compensate for the deviations and inaccuracies that occur. Due to the
- a die part performs one during the pressing process
- Essentially circular cross-section inserted between the molds.
- one second step is then exerted on at least one of the molds a force in a direction by which move the molds relative to each other.
- the starting material is formed into a blank for the rack, which receives in the axial region of the rack toothing deviates from a circular cylinder shape.
- the starting material can be formed without major work hardening in those areas of the blank, which undergo larger deformations in the course of the production of the rack.
- An additional advantage of this method is that a blank shape can be achieved in a simple manner, with which in a subsequent forming process, in particular in a tumbling process, burr formation is avoided.
- the invention is based on the object, the advantages of
- Forming process at high temperatures to combine with the advantages of forming at low temperatures in an optimal manner.
- a high degree of deformation at relatively low temperatures should be realized.
- a manufactured according to this forming process toothing component to be created.
- Forming force transferred during forming only acts on a small partial area as a partial surface of the reshaping forming surface of the workpiece, wherein the partial surface is changed continuously during the action of a substantially constant forming force in particular, so that after completion of a cycle, the total area is subjected to a forming force.
- a significantly improved forming capacity can be achieved if the forming force is not transferred simultaneously to the entire forming surface, but successively acting on a gradually or continuously changing partial surface until the entire forming surface is loaded at least once with the forming force.
- the forming force is thus transferred partially or incrementally to the partial surface, wherein the selected partial surface is in particular changed continuously in relation to the forming surface after a predetermined cycle.
- the method can be in the temperature range of Lauwarmumformung a surprisingly high formability of ⁇ > 4 reach, which corresponds to the forming capacity of a hot forming and thereby even exceeds the forming capacity of warm forging significantly.
- a pulsating introduction of force occurs in conjunction with shear forces, which oppose a reduced moment of deformation to the purely axial force introduction customary in the state of the art .
- the advantages of hot and cold forming are combined by the forming process according to the invention at temperatures of lukewarm forming. Compared to the hot forming reduces the
- the forming process can be advantageously used in a temperature range between 50 ° C and 450 ° C.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method is also realized in that the workpiece is heated to a temperature between 100 ° C to 300 ° C, in particular between 150 ° C and 250 ° C and that the temperature is kept substantially constant during the forming.
- This temperature range forms according to current knowledge an optimum in terms of Umformdozenss and the required Nachbearbeitungsaufwands. It is conceivable that the forming force is first interrupted or reduced after the action on a first partial area, in order subsequently to act on a second partial area deviating from the first partial area. In contrast, it has proven to be particularly practical if the forming force is kept substantially constant during a cycle. As a result, due to the friction caused by the forming tool, which is moved along the surface of the workpiece and thereby loaded a continuously changing surface, the desired abrupt improvement of
- Target geometry may be performed during a single cycle or multiple full cycles. The production cost is thus significantly reduced. At the same time a matching forming force is ensured in each sub-area in a simple manner.
- the forming force during a cycle could also be changed so as to realize different degrees of deformation in different sub-areas.
- the forming tool can be designed so that different positions are adjustable and thus partial areas of different sizes can be applied, so as to increase the pressure locally.
- the forming tool has an adjustable effective area or is arranged interchangeably on a tool holder, the size of the faces can be easily
- the forming tool could be temporarily held in a single partial area during the transfer of the forming force, so that the relative position is incrementally changed.
- a further embodiment of the forming method according to the invention proves to be particularly promising, in which the change of the partial surface takes place continuously, so that therefore the relative movement between the forming tool and the surface of the workpiece is performed continuously parallel to the surface. That way, one becomes achieved homogeneous deformation, which leads to a further improvement of the material quality.
- the forming process according to the invention is not limited to specific workpiece geometries. However, it has already proved to be particularly practical if the surface to be reshaped is point-symmetrical or essentially rotationally symmetrical, the partial surface on which the reshaping tool acts during the transfer of the reshaping force not exceeding the size of a sector with an area fraction reduced relative to the surface to be reshaped ,
- workpieces in which a particular at least partially cylindrical blank made of steel is used.
- the workpiece can be fixed in place during the deformation or moved relative to the forming tool.
- the partial application of force of the forming force results essentially from an inclination of the
- Forming tool by the active surface of the forming tool is not aligned parallel to the partial surface of the workpiece.
- the forming tool can act with a single tool on a partial surface of the workpiece, which rests on its side facing away from the tool support surface in a die over its entire outer surface and is thereby fixed.
- a variant has proven particularly advantageous in which the forming tool acts with a first tool on a partial surface of the first forming surface of the workpiece and acts with a second tool on a particular to the partial surface of the first forming surface uniform partial surface of a second forming surface of the workpiece.
- a double partial deformation is realized in which both tools are tilted relative to the workpiece.
- a low friction is achieved both on the upper and on the lower tool.
- high degrees of deformation can be achieved on both outer surfaces of the workpiece, resulting in
- the method is suitable, for example, for spur gears with a small toothing module or for
- Scaling limit can be produced by forming.
- the two tools are moved synchronously with each other, in particular thus perform uniform rotational movements.
- the two tools each have a tool axis which, for example, also coincides with the central axis of the workpiece between 0 ° and 7 °.
- the tools may also have different angles to the workpiece.
- both tools or only one tool can perform a feed motion.
- a substantial increase in the achievable degrees of deformation can be achieved by applying a liquid or solid lubricant to the workpiece or the forming tool prior to forming.
- the second-mentioned object to provide a toothing component produced by the forming process, is achieved according to the invention due to the high accuracy requirements with a toothed component, in particular a bevel, crown or spur gear.
- a toothed component in particular a bevel, crown or spur gear.
- this also relates to those components in which a degree of deformation of partial ⁇ > 4 is necessary during the forming with a stroke without intermediate annealing, as for example in flange shafts.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of a forming tool and a workpiece during
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of a forming surface of the workpiece
- Fig. 3 is a side view of another forming tool with two tools
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a produced by the forming process
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a produced by the forming process
- FIG. 1 shows in one
- a forming tool 1 for producing a designed as a toothed component workpiece 2 in a known tumble or rotary forging method has a rotationally symmetrical tool 3, which is placed for transmitting a forming force to the held in a die 4 workpiece 2 in a tumbling movement relative to the central axis 5 or a rotational movement about the tilted tool axis 6.
- a rotationally symmetrical tool 3 which is placed for transmitting a forming force to the held in a die 4 workpiece 2 in a tumbling movement relative to the central axis 5 or a rotational movement about the tilted tool axis 6.
- a forming force F of the tool 3 acts in the region of a partial surface 7 corresponding to a momentary contact surface starting from the central axis 5 to the circumference of the workpiece 2 on the workpiece 2 held in a die 4, wherein the forming force F between the central axis 5 and a circumference of the molded part have their maximum F max and in the edge region their minimum F min .
- the workpiece 2 is heated to a temperature of about 200 ° C and the
- Forming force F is not transferred simultaneously to the entire, recognizable in Figure 2 forming surface 8, but successively acting on a gradually or continuously changing partial surface 7 until the entire forming surface 8 is at least once loaded with the forming force F, surprisingly high degrees of deformation in comparatively less
- the forming force F is partially transferred to the respective part surface 7, the selected one
- Part surface 7 with respect to the forming surface 8 continuously changes after a predetermined cycle.
- the thus determined, different sub-areas 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"' each have a matching size and are shown in Figure 2 suggestively. Due to the continuously progressive application of force F to different partial surfaces 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"', a swelling force is generated in conjunction with shear forces which oppose a reduced deformation moment of the purely axial force introduction customary in the prior art.
- a swelling force is generated in conjunction with shear forces which oppose a reduced deformation moment of the purely axial force introduction customary in the prior art.
- FIG. 3 additionally shows a variant of the forming tool 9 which can be used in the forming method according to the invention with two tools 3, 10 during the execution of the forming process.
- the forming tool 9 acts with a first tool
- Forming surface 8 equal part surface of a second forming surface 1 1 of the workpiece 2 a. Since the two tools 3, 10 are not loaded on the entire surface, low friction is achieved at the same time with high degrees of deformation on both outer surfaces of the workpiece 2.
- the two tools 3, 10 each have a tool axis 6, 12, which correspond to the workpiece 2 Include angle, so that the tool axes 6, 12 of the two tools 3, 10 are each arranged inclined relative to a workpiece center axis.
- Shaped workpiece 2 shown as a toothed component, wherein in FIG.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012016926.4A DE102012016926A1 (de) | 2012-08-27 | 2012-08-27 | Umformverfahren und ein nach diesem Umformverfahren hergestelltes Formteil |
| PCT/EP2013/067433 WO2014033038A1 (de) | 2012-08-27 | 2013-08-22 | Umformverfahren und ein nach diesem umformverfahren hergestelltes verzahnungsbauteil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2888064A1 true EP2888064A1 (de) | 2015-07-01 |
| EP2888064B1 EP2888064B1 (de) | 2020-10-14 |
Family
ID=49029099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13752631.5A Active EP2888064B1 (de) | 2012-08-27 | 2013-08-22 | Umformverfahren |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2888064B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN104582874B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102012016926A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014033038A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020200649A1 (de) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-07-22 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Partielle Umformung zum Herstellen von Kühlkörpern |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3202254C2 (de) * | 1982-01-25 | 1986-02-20 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Zahnstange |
| JPS6221439A (ja) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-01-29 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 回転鍛造装置 |
| JPS6277145A (ja) * | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-09 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 揺動鍛造装置 |
| SU1430146A1 (ru) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-10-15 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6205 | Способ штамповки металлических заготовок |
| US4899570A (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1990-02-13 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method of rotary forging with induction heating |
| CH685105A5 (de) * | 1991-07-22 | 1995-03-31 | Colcon Anstalt | Taumelpresse. |
| CN2187503Y (zh) * | 1994-02-26 | 1995-01-18 | 方东 | 摆动辗压机 |
| DE19525868A1 (de) * | 1995-05-30 | 1996-12-05 | Thyssen Industrie | Verfahren zum Herstellen von ringförmigen Werkstücken aus Metall mit profiliertem Querschnitt und Walzwerk zu dessen Durchführung |
| DE19839428A1 (de) * | 1998-08-29 | 2000-03-02 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zahnstange und Prägevorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens |
| WO2001034323A1 (de) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-17 | Fritz Feldmeier | Umformmaschine |
| DE10100868B4 (de) * | 2001-01-11 | 2008-01-17 | Sms Eumuco Gmbh | Kaltwalz-Umformmaschine und Werkzeug zum Herstellen von flanschförmigen Erzeugnissen bzw. von Flanschen aus einem zylindrischen Vorprodukt |
| DE10339350B4 (de) | 2003-08-25 | 2011-06-30 | ISE Automotive GmbH, 51702 | Verfahren zum Halbwarm-oder Warmumformen von Blechen |
| DE102005027259B4 (de) | 2005-06-13 | 2012-09-27 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen durch Halbwarm-Umformung |
| DE102007023087B4 (de) | 2007-05-16 | 2017-03-02 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nockens |
| CN101185952A (zh) * | 2007-11-05 | 2008-05-28 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | 双面辗压成形方法及双面辗压成形设备 |
| DE102009025023A1 (de) | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Neumayer Tekfor Holding Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle und entsprechende Nockenwelle |
-
2012
- 2012-08-27 DE DE102012016926.4A patent/DE102012016926A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-08-22 EP EP13752631.5A patent/EP2888064B1/de active Active
- 2013-08-22 CN CN201380045078.9A patent/CN104582874B/zh active Active
- 2013-08-22 WO PCT/EP2013/067433 patent/WO2014033038A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014033038A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104582874B (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
| DE102012016926A1 (de) | 2014-02-27 |
| CN104582874A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
| EP2888064B1 (de) | 2020-10-14 |
| WO2014033038A1 (de) | 2014-03-06 |
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