EP2886505B1 - Crane - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a crane with an undercarriage, a rotary joint and a rotatably mounted on the rotary connection on this superstructure with at least one arranged on this about a teetering rocker boom system or a rotatable about the rotary joint mounted on this self-climbing tower crane.

There are various forms of cranes, which for example can be divided into three types as follows. The first type is mobile cranes, which move independently on the road. Mobile crane trolleys are lifted off the ground with a large support on the construction site, resulting in a large support base with widely spaced tipping edges. The surface pressure under these supports is distributed almost homogeneously.

Another type of crane is the crawler crane, which must be moved on the road as a separate cargo. However, the crawler crane can move independently on the construction site. Under the bottom plate of the chain creates an inhomogeneous distribution of soil pressure.

Finally, there is the so-called Pedestalkran or pedestal crane as the third crane type. This is also handled in the traffic as transport goods. At the construction site, this pedestal crane is stationary. It also has to be rebuilt at the construction site at each job site.

Each of the aforementioned three types has advantages and disadvantages.

From the DE 10 2008 047 737 A1 Already a mobile crane is known, which is modular. It includes a platform module, a setup module and a drive module as well as a support module. These modules can each be assembled and disassembled.

From the DE 20 2010 002 947 U1 For example, a crane is known which positions a single-axis terrain follower under the boom for traversing. The one-axle terrain rover accommodates the head weight of the boom.

The document EP 0 919 508 A2 discloses a crane with an undercarriage, a rotary joint and a rotatably mounted on the rotary connection on this superstructure with at least one arranged on this about a teetering rocker boom system, wherein the undercarriage has as a central part of a pot which receives the rotary connection, on the pivotal supports are hinged and having on opposite sides of side members, with each of which at least one suspension with two degrees of freedom is connectable.

The object of the invention is to provide a mixed form of the above-mentioned different crane types, in which the advantages are used as possible and existing disadvantages avoided.

According to the invention this object is achieved by the crane according to claim 1. Here is a crane is provided which has an undercarriage with a rotary joint and rotatably mounted on the rotary connection on this superstructure with at least one arranged on this superstructure about a teetering rocker boom system or a rotatably mounted on the rotary connection on this self-climbing tower crane. According to the invention, the undercarriage as a central part of a pot, on the one hand receives the rotary joint. Furthermore, but also the pivotal supports can be hinged to him. On opposite sides of side members are present, with each of which at least one chassis with several degrees of freedom is connectable.

With this conceptually redesigned crane a number of advantages of the crane types mentioned above can be realized. Thus, the new undercarriage concept can be set up as a very sturdy stationary pedestal on the construction site. After appropriate installation, the chassis can be separated. After disconnecting the landing gear, this can take on another task on the construction site, for example in the form of a heavy-duty transporter.

On the other hand, for the operation of the crane, the pot can optionally be connected to different running gears via the corresponding longitudinal members and the connections provided thereon. On the one hand, it could be a chain chassis, which is advantageous for the movement of the crane on the construction site. On the other hand, a bicycle chassis can also be used.

Particular advantages of the invention will become apparent from the subsequent claims to the main claim.

Advantageously, both the support and the longitudinal members can be releasably connected to the pot. This is indicated in particular for very large cranes, in which the individual parts must be transported separately.

In the same way it is advantageous that the longitudinal members are detachably connected to the chassis. This allows the replacement of the chassis or the decoupling of the chassis during stationary crane operation.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pot can be divided into two parts, wherein each part of the pot is detachably connected via longitudinal members with a chassis.

The two parts of the divided pot form after their connection together with a rotating platform frame the rotary joint.

The detachable connection between the longitudinal members and the chassis is carried out according to the invention in that transverse struts with sliding shoes, rollers and / or rollers are arranged on the longitudinal beams, which cooperate with complementary chassis-side ring elements such that the trolleys can rotate under the longitudinal members.

The ring elements can be advantageously arranged on a controlled three-point or four-point storage on the chassis, which advantageously consists of three hydraulic cylinders, via which the ring element can be kept largely independent of the position of the chassis in a horizontal position. As a result, a safe method of the crane can be made even in the field. This is particularly important when the crane is moved over a comparatively uneven track in terrain with comparatively far apart chassis.

It is particularly advantageous if the trolleys are designed in the form of modular heavy-duty transport vehicles. These may be driven or not driven, in particular, the non-driven heavy-duty transport vehicles can be adjustable in width in a conventional manner. Especially for transport on the site, it is of particular advantage that are used as crawler tracks. Here, the advantage of a crawler undercarriage is that it exerts a much more uniform surface pressure on the ground than would a comparable wheel chassis did. Of particular advantage is the tracked chassis also with regard to the problem of maximum axle load distribution on the track. For corresponding wheel suspensions, the axle load of the wheel suspension must be taken into account. This exceeds the permissible axle load very quickly (for example, 12 tons), especially when transporting large cranes.

Particularly advantageous is the boom over its own additional chassis during the process can be supported. The chassis can be coupled via correspondingly movable connecting elements.

With regard to a particularly stable support, it is advantageous if the supports are designed as a grid structures, which are advantageously carried out also at substantially the same height as the pot itself. The supports designed as grid structures have a particularly high rigidity. Running at the same height as the pot also takes advantage of the maximum transport height, which makes it possible to provide particularly stable supports, especially for large cranes.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a controller for the common control of the chassis is provided. As a result, different suspension strategies can be realized. For example, all trolleys can be aligned to a common steering center. Alternatively, two suspensions under the ring elements can be set to a common steering center, while the other suspension is steered separately under the boom.

Figur 1:

eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Krans gemäß seiner ersten Ausführungsform,

Figur 2:

eine Draufsicht auf ein Teil des Krans gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 3:

eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Krans gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform,

Figur 4:

eine teilweise Draufsicht auf den Kran gemäß Figur 3,

Figur 5:

eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils des Krans gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 6:

eine weitere schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Details des Krans gemäß Figur 3,

Figur 8:

unterschiedliche Darstellungen des Fahrwerks,

Figur 9:

eine schematische Darstellung zur Verdeutlichung des Verfahrens des Krans auf entsprechenden Fahrwegen,

Figur 10:

eine schematische Darstellung zur Verdeutlichung eines bestimmten Verfahrzustandes des erfindungsgemäßen Krans,

Figur 11:

eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Krans gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsvariante,

Figur 12:

eine Draufsicht auf ein Teil des Krans gemäß Figur 11,

Figur 13:

eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Krans gemäß einer vierten Ausführungsvariante,

Figur 14:

den Unterwagen der vierten Ausführungsvariante,

Figur 15:

den Unterwagen gemäß Figur 15 während des Betriebs auf einer Steigung,

Figur 16:

eine Draufsicht auf einen Unterwagen gemäß Figur 14 mit ausgefahrenen Abstützungen,

Figur 17:

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Fahrwerks und

Figur 18:

ein Detail des Fahrwerks gemäß Figur 17 zur Erläuterung der verwirklichten Dreipunktlagerung.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:

FIG. 1:

a side view of a crane according to the invention according to its first embodiment,

FIG. 2:

a plan view of a part of the crane according to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3:

a side view of a crane according to the invention according to a second embodiment,

FIG. 4:

a partial plan view of the crane according to FIG. 3 .

FIG. 5:

a schematic representation of a part of the crane according to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 6:

a further schematic representation of another detail of the crane according to FIG. 3 .

FIG. 8:

different representations of the chassis,

FIG. 9:

a schematic representation to illustrate the method of the crane on the corresponding routes,

FIG. 10:

a schematic representation to illustrate a particular Verfahrzustandes of the crane according to the invention,

FIG. 11:

a side view of a crane according to the invention according to a third embodiment,

FIG. 12:

a plan view of a part of the crane according to FIG. 11 .

FIG. 13:

a side view of a crane according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment,

FIG. 14:

the undercarriage of the fourth embodiment,

FIG. 15:

according to the undercarriage FIG. 15 while operating on a slope,

FIG. 16:

a plan view of an undercarriage according to FIG. 14 with extended supports,

FIG. 17:

a perspective view of an embodiment of a chassis and

FIG. 18:

a detail of the chassis according to FIG. 17 to explain the realized three-point storage.

In the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of the crane 100 according to the invention, the superstructure 1 of a large crane is shown, which is connected via a rotary joint 2 with a lower carriage 5. The uppercarriage 1 has a tilting boom 3. As a drive for rocking the boom 3 a Wippverseilung 4 is provided. The Wippverseilung 4 has, according to the example shown here, a Abspannbock 41, a derrick boom 42, a fixed bracing 43, which consists of various bracing rods 43 ', and a Verstellflasche 44. The boom 3, in the illustration according to FIG. 1 not shown may be a lattice boom or a telescopic boom, as it is already known in the art. As a telescopic boom, it could consist of both a sheet metal construction as well as a grid construction.

The uppercarriage 1 is connected to an undercarriage 5. The structure of the undercarriage 5 is based on a completely new concept. The interface between the superstructure 1 and the undercarriage 5 is a central pot 51. The pot 51 is the central element, which forwards the forces from the superstructure 1 in the remaining undercarriage 5 and finally in the ground on which the crane is constructed.

On the pot 51 supports 52 (see FIG. 2 ) hinged pivotally. The supports 52 may, as is known per se from the mobile crane sector, be pivotably connected to the pot 51. Such a pivotable configuration of the supports 52 is in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 shown. Here, part-turn actuators 53 are provided in the form of hydraulic cylinders. The function of the support of the undercarriage corresponds to the known support, as it is already well known from the mobile crane sector.

In order to be able to move the crane 100 on the construction site, an external chassis 60 is provided. Basically, the chassis 60 as a wheel gear as here in the embodiment according to the FIGS. 1 and 2 or as a crawler undercarriage, such as in the embodiment according to the FIGS. 3 and 4 be represented. It is particularly advantageous if a standard chassis is provided with its own drive units 61. If the supports 52 are swung out, then, as shown in the figures, the chassis 60 can pass through between the supports 52 and position themselves in a connecting position with the pot 51. On the pot 51 longitudinal beams 54 are mounted, which are each opposite to the pot 51. This is especially the FIG. 2 or even the FIG. 4 refer to. The longitudinal members 54 ensure a sufficient distance, so that at least two suspensions 60 can move the crane 100 on the site. Incidentally, the longitudinal members 54 may each be connected to the pot 51 in a boltable manner. The connection of the side members with the chassis is carried out over several degrees of freedom. This is necessary, since although a procedure of the crane on the construction site is often done via travel paths 70, but these travels are uneven, so here appropriate measures are taken to avoid tilting of the crane during transport.

For this purpose, 54 cross struts 55 are attached to the longitudinal members, which are connected with sliding shoes 56 (see FIG. 5 ). As a counter-connecting element 60, a ring member 57 is mounted on the chassis. In the ring member 57, the corresponding sliding shoes 56 slide the cross braces 55. Thus, each chassis 60 can rotate under the side rail 54. This is how based on the FIG. 9 shown while cornering necessary. Furthermore, a compensation for the bumps should be provided. For this purpose, the ring member 57 is arranged on the chassis 60 via a controlled three-point bearing 58. This three-point bearing can consist of three main cylinders 58, which hold the ring member 57 in a horizontal plane, which is nevertheless in restricted areas independent of the position of the chassis 60 (see FIG. 6 and Fig. 9a , in which the ring element is shown). A section through the ring member 57 results from the FIG. 6a ,

Insofar as the chassis 60 modular heavy duty transport vehicles are used, these powered heavy duty transport vehicles 60 "and 60""and non-powered heavy duty transport vehicles 60 and 60"'can be used. The non-driven heavy duty transport vehicles have no structure for the drive units 61 and thus can pivot when cornering under the crane 100. Also, the non-driven heavy duty transport vehicles may be adjustable in width. This is exemplary in the FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c shown. Thus, according to the FIG. 8 the width of the non-powered heavy duty transport vehicle can be increased from 4 meters to 4.5 meters. This, in turn, is advantageous because it allows the tilting edges 62 to be pushed apart. The tilting edges are formed by the axes of rotation of the wheelsets. Each wheelset is tiltable per se.

In the FIG. 8b For example, the non-powered heavy duty transport vehicle 60 is shown in a collapsed position where the width is only 4 meters. In the FIG. 8c On the other hand, it is shown in a telescoped position in which the width in the embodiment shown here is 4.5 meters. The displacement device 63 for adjusting the width of the heavy load transport vehicle is basically already known from the prior art, so that it will not be explained again in detail here.

To move the crane 100 this is dismantled until he has reached a movable weight and a movable center of gravity. The trolleys 60 are positioned under the shoes 56. Supporting cylinders 521 provided on the supports 52 are retracted and the sliding shoes are received in the ring members 57. If a small travel width can be achieved, the supports 52 can be pivoted in. Alternatively, however, the supports 52 can also remain completely or partially swung out, wherein the support plates 522 are advantageously raised only slightly above the ground. Should the crane now reach its tilting area, the supports 52 can come into engagement and prevent further tilting. This is particularly advantageous when the support 52 is fully pivoted and thus the support plates 522 may also be located above the travel path 70, which may have a higher strength than the ground located next to the travel path. If the support plates 522 come to be used due to a tilting movement, then the support plates 522 are supported on the highly compressed, that is to say more stable, travel path. A sinking in of the support plates 522 is not to be feared here.

In the embodiment shown here, the supports 52 are designed as a lattice structure. They are the same height in height as the pot 51. As a result, they achieve a very high rigidity and the supports can be optimally adapted to the transport window available on the road.

When moving the crane 100, a further undercarriage 60 can be mounted under the boom 3, as can be seen from the embodiment according to FIG FIGS. 11 and 12 is shown. For this purpose, 3 connecting elements 31 may be provided on the boom. These are connected to corresponding mating connection elements 63. The required degrees of freedom allow the connection. The further chassis 60 can accommodate the head weight of the boom 3. The foot weight of the boom 3 is introduced via the boom pivot axis 32 in the superstructure. In order to achieve a balance here, a little more ballast 11 must remain on the uppercarriage 1 in this case. This is advantageously coordinated so that the center of gravity 101 is disposed within the tilting edges 62, the center of gravity 101 is particularly advantageously located within the rotary joint 2. The Wippverseilung 4 should not be quite stretched when moving the crane. If the trough stranding were strained, this could lead to the problem in the event of even slight unevenness on the travel path 70, that in the extreme case a running gear 60 is relieved and at the end lifts off completely. On the other hand, the Wippverseilung 4 may not be too relieved too much to prevent a slack rope. Such a slack rope would later adversely affect the quality of winding.

In principle, instead of the chassis 60, a support of the boom would also have a single-axle terrain rotor according to the German utility model DE20 2010 002 947U1 possible.

For the method of the crane, a specific steering program can be adjusted via a correspondingly provided control. Here are basically different steering programs possible. For example, all suspensions 60 may be aligned with a common steering center 102. It is alternatively possible, the two suspensions 60, as in the FIGS. 11 and 12 are shown to adjust among the ring members 57 to a common steering center 102, while the other chassis 60, which is located below the boom 3, is steered separately. In the latter case, it should be considered by the controller that the distance between the rotational axis of the superstructure 1 and the joint between the links 31 and the mating links 63 is kept constant.

FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of the crane according to the invention. Proposed here is a mobile crane 200 with an undercarriage 5 and a superstructure 210. This has a vertical tower 220 on. The tower consists of a plurality of tower elements 230. Each tower element is connectable to at least one adjacent tower element. As in FIG. 13 illustrated, such a mobile tower crane can be used advantageously for the construction of high wind turbines.

Here, the uppercarriage 210 is thus designed essentially as a tower 220 of a tower crane 200. The tower crane is built on the undercarriage 5, which is equipped with a corresponding support device.

The structure of the undercarriage is better in the enlarged detail according to FIG. 14 zu.Die support device consists of two times two supports 52, which are each connected via a half pot 51 together and each represent a transport unit. They will be responsible for the assembly Pot halves assembled and bolted together as shown in FIG. 14 is shown. Together with an attached and connected revolving stage frame 250, the revolving joint for the downwardly rotating tower 220 of the mobile tower crane 200 is formed.

The supports 52 comprise a total of four hydraulic jacking cylinders 240 with automatic leveling. This will, as in FIG. 16 represented, an entire support base of, for example 16 x 16 meters reached. Of course, different sizes can be achieved with appropriate design of the support cylinder used. In FIG. 16 is in the lower part of the illustration, a pair of support cylinders on the one hand retracted in transport position and on the other hand shown in the extended support position.

At each pot half 51 each includes a longitudinal member 54 (see. FIG. 14 ), on which a receiving ring or ring element 57 is provided, which can be traversed by suitable running gears, which are here designed as transporting tracks 60.

Thus, the crane 200 can be supported in stationary operation using its support device. For offsetting, the crane 200 can then be received via the at least two crawlers 60 and moved from one to the other site of use. Like from the FIG. 15 can be removed, can be driven by an automatic horizontal alignment of the receiving rings or ring members 57 forming or receiving support plate slopes also with bank.

FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of a chassis, which is designed here as a transport crawler 60 with its own cab 260. This has a receiving ring or the ring member 57 forming or receiving pivotable support plate. The pivoting takes place via a three-point bearing, which in the Deteil in the partially cutaway view according to FIG. 18 can be seen. Here is the three-point bearing by three piston-cylinder units 280 formed. In addition, two links 290 are provided which receive the forces that are not directed in the longitudinal axes of the cylinder.

However, the crane 200 can not only be transported with the farms. Rather, it can also be taken during crane operation by the chassis 60, which is then additionally supported on the support device. However, should the crane 200 be supported solely on the outrigger, the trolleys 60 can be used elsewhere on the construction site. For example, they can be used to transport parts of the wind turbine.

On the undercarriage, i. more precisely, on the pivotal connection of the undercarriage, a revolving platform is provided which represents the connecting piece of the undercarriage to the center piece with roller slewing and slewing gears. The revolving platform also includes a disel motor with generator and hydraulic pumps for the operation of the hydraulic jacking cylinders. Furthermore, a cable drum for supplying the climbing frame is provided on the revolving stage.

The crane tower is attached to the connecting piece so that the crane is designed as a sub-rotator. The individual lattice pieces are bolted together, the respective pins are spring loaded.

The further structure of the formed as Turmdrehkan superstructure is clear from the detailed description of the simultaneously filed German patent application of the Applicant, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Claims (11)

1. A crane (100) having an undercarriage (5), a swivel connection (2) and a superstructure (1, 210) rotatably supported thereon via the swivel connection (2) and comprising at least one boom system arranged at said superstructure and luffable about a luffing axis or a self-climbing tower slewing crane (200) rotatably supported thereon via the swivel connection (2),
   wherein the undercarriage (5) has as a central component a pot (51) which receives the swivel connection (2), to which supports (52) are pivotably connected and which has side members (54) at oppositely disposed sides, to which side members at least one respective traveling gear (60) can be connected over a plurality of degrees of freedom, characterized in that transverse struts (55) having sliding shoes (56), rolls or rollers are arranged at the side members (54) which cooperate with complementary ring elements (57) at the traveling gear side such that the traveling gears (60) can rotate beneath the side members (54).
2. A crane (100) in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the supports (52) and/or the side members (54) are releasably connected to the pot (51).
3. A crane (100) in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the side members (54) are releasably connected to the traveling gears (60).
4. A crane (100) in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the pot (51) is divided into two, with each part of the pot (51) being releasably connected to a traveling gear (60) via side members (54).
5. A crane (100) in accordance with claim 4, characterized in that the two parts of the pot (51) form the swivel connection (2) together with a revolving deck frame (250).
6. A crane (100) in accordance with claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the ring element (57) is arranged on the traveling gear (60) via a controlled three-point support (58), wherein the latter advantageously comprises three hydraulic cylinders via which the ring element (57) can be held in a horizontal position largely independently of the position of the traveling gear (60).
7. A crane (100) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that modular heavy load transport vehicles (60, 60', 60", 60"', 60"") can preferably be used as traveling gears (60) which can be driven or non-driven, with in particular the non-driven heavy load transport vehicles (60, 60', 60", 60"', 60"") being adjustable in their widths.
8. A crane (100) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the traveling gears (60) are configured as crawler traveling gears.
9. A crane (100) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the boom (3) can be supported via its own additional traveling gear (60) during the movement, with the traveling gear (60) being able to be coupled via connection elements (31).
10. A crane (100) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supports (52) are configured as a lattice constructions which advantageously have substantially the same height as the pot (51).
11. A crane (100) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control is provided for the common control of the traveling gears (60).

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