EP2885600B1 - Device and method for coupling an attachment to a vehicle - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device according to claim 1. It relates to a device for coupling an attachment, in particular a dozer blade, mine scraper or mine debris flight, to a vehicle with a bolt, a bolt receiving the bolt receptacle and a device for emergency decoupling. Further objects form an attachment according to claim 11. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method according to claim 13. It relates to a method for coupling and emergency decoupling of an attachment, in particular a dozer blade, mine scraper or a mine dump, from a vehicle.

Devices for coupling such heavy attachments to vehicles are known. The attachments are usually used to extend the functionality of the vehicles.

From the military area devices for coupling of skid plates or mine debris flights are known. In the US 5,786,542 A is a coupling device is described, which has a ring on the vehicle side with a hinged upper portion over which the ring can be opened and closed. To attach an attachment, provided on the attachment eyelets are inserted into the ring and this closed.

Furthermore, in the EP 2 196 763 B1 a method according to the preamble of claim 13 described. It is a coupling device described in which tabs are arranged on the vehicle. In this tabs arranged on the attachment bolts engage and couple the attachment to the vehicle.

Especially in the military sector, it happens that the attachment is damaged or stuck in use. In these cases, the mobility of the vehicle leading the attachment is significantly impaired or movement of the vehicle impossible. To protect the crew and the vehicle, it is then necessary to decouple the attachment in an emergency as quickly as possible from the vehicle to restore the mobility of the vehicle.

The already mentioned EP 2 196 763 B1 Proposes to pull the pin for decoupling of the attachment by means of hydraulic pressure from the vehicle-side tab. In the case of a stalled attachment, however, there are indefinable force and stress states. Therefore, a reliable design of hydraulic systems, which is a safe emergency decoupling allow, not possible. It is also disadvantageous that hydraulic couplings are relatively complicated, maintenance-intensive and expensive. For emergency decoupling is also proposed to separate the pin of the attachment by means of a cutting charge in the bolt between the attachment and the vehicle side tabs and decouple in this way the attachment in an emergency.

These explosive bolts are usually hollowed out and have a pyrotechnic charge inside. As a rule, they are not completely gas-tight to produce, with the result that, over time, moisture diffuses into the hollow pins and the pyrotechnic effect of the charge is reduced. This then leads to the reduction of the volume of swaths that can be generated and thus the explosive energy, so that the bolt is not cleanly separated by the cutting charge, or in the worst case does not ignite the cutting charge at all. In both cases, an emergency decoupling of the attachment in the long term is not guaranteed. DE 198 28 356 A1 discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention is therefore based on the object to ensure a reliable emergency decoupling of an attachment of a vehicle.

This object is achieved in a device of the type mentioned by the features of claim 1.

The bolt is not exploded for emergency decoupling and thereby cut, but pressed out of the bolt holder. By this fundamental change, it is possible to provide the explosive separately from the bolt and thereby ensure better protection of the explosive in the explosive device from environmental influences, so that the device also larger Periods is ready for use. Overall, a safe emergency decoupling is achieved with the device according to the invention. Preferably, the bolt is free of explosives. The blasting device can be arranged next to the bolt.

About the blasting device, the bolt can be pressed by a pressure surge from the bolt holder. Pressing the bolt with a pressure surge enables a shock-like acceleration of the bolt, whereby even high clamping stresses of the bolt in the bolt receptacle are safely overcome.

Furthermore, the bolt as a whole can be pressed out of the bolt receptacle via the blasting device. The bolt is thus not separated, but pressed as a whole from the device.

According to the invention, the bolt does not necessarily have to be pushed completely out of the bolt receptacle by the blasting device. Instead, it is sufficient if the bolt is moved so far out of the bolt receptacle that the vehicle and attachment are decoupled. In order to fulfill the function, the bolt can thus be pressed out of the bolt receptacle by the blasting device such that the coupling is released or it can be pushed out of a coupling region of the bolt receptacle, at least.

In terms of safety, it is also advantageous if the bolt is formed without explosive. In particular, when manual coupling and decoupling of vehicle and attachment of a hollow bolt with cutting load is a significant risk of injury to the staff, especially if they drive the bolt with a hammer or expelled.

In addition, since no cutting charge in the interior of the bolt must be taken more, the bolt may be formed as Vollkaliberbolzen. A Vollkaliberbolzen of solid material is not weakened by a cavity for receiving a cutting charge and therefore can transmit greater forces than the same pin diameter as a hollow pin.

According to a preferred embodiment, the bolt is fixed in position in the device. As a result, he can not slowly solve by occurring during operation of the vehicle and attachment vibrations and thereby endanger the safe coupling.

To fix the position, the invention proposes that the bolt has a stop for positioning the bolt in the bolt receptacle. Preferably, the stop is arranged at one end of the bolt, particularly preferably the stop is designed as a collar at the bolt end.

Typically, the bolt for coupling the vehicle and attachment engages a retaining lug, for example a towing eye. As a rule, the bolt receptacle on the attachment and the retaining lug are arranged on the vehicle. However, it may also be provided the bolt holder on the vehicle and the holding lug on the attachment.

For coupling, the bolt can be inserted with the non-stop end into the bolt receptacle and through a retaining lug. He suggests, if he was completely introduced into the bolt holder, with the stop on the recording and is thus fixed in position in this direction. If the connection is to be disconnected again, the bolt can be removed again in the reverse direction.

Erfindungsgmäß is provided for emergency decoupling that the bolt on the blasting device in the insertion direction of the bolt from the bolt holder can be pressed. The bolt is therefore pressed for emergency decoupling against the usual release direction of the bolt holder. In this case, the stop is sheared or deformed on the bolt and pressed the bolt through the explosive device in the insertion direction of the bolt holder.

In terms of design has proven to be advantageous that the bolt receptacle has two offended cheeks. This embodiment ensures a uniform and symmetrical force transmission or power flow between the attachment and the vehicle. Preferably, the cheeks are arranged substantially parallel to one another, in particular in the manner of a double cheek. Each cheek has a recess for receiving the bolt. Particularly preferably, the recesses of the bolt receptacle provided for receiving the bolt have coaxial center lines.

In addition, it has proven to be advantageous for the power flow between the vehicle and attachment when the bolt receptacle is formed symmetrical plane. The plane of symmetry preferably runs centrally between the cheeks.

In a further development of the invention, a collecting container for catching the bolt is proposed. This ensures that the bolt does not fly uncontrolled around the blast and endangers the environment. Preferably, the collecting container is detachable, in particular arranged on an outer side of the cheek. In this case, it is also advantageous if the collecting container has attachment points for a tool for loosening and fastening.

In addition, a basket-shaped collecting container has proved to be advantageous. Through holes in the collecting container air can escape from this when pressing the bolt from the receptacle into the collecting container. The air then forms no resistance when pressing the bolt. Alternatively, the collecting container may also be formed without holes. A holeless design of the collecting container ensures protection against dirt.

The device may include a lid for protecting the blasting device or the explosive. The lid protects the detonator and the explosive against environmental influences. Particularly preferably, the lid is releasably formed. Also, the lid may have attachment points for a tool for loosening and fastening.

Furthermore, the bolt receptacle may have a particular cylindrical cavity, which is preferably open to an outside of a cheek, in which the blasting device is installed. Preferably, the cavity is closed with a lid. Then, the space between the bolt receiver and the lid forms an explosion space, whereby the lid can also provide a part of the explosion space.

According to a further teaching of the invention, the cover is arranged on a cheek of the bolt holder. In this case, a space remains between the cover and the bolt receptacle, preferably on an outer side of a cheek of the bolt receptacle. The space can be partially or completely provided by the lid. Also in this case, the lid and the bolt receptacle form an explosion space in which the explosive is arranged.

In the explosion room after the ignition of the detonator due to the explosion of the explosive builds up the pressure for the expression of the bolt. The lid can seal the explosion chamber in particular by means of a seal waterproof, preferably gas-tight.

• Üblicherweise weist die Sprengeinrichtung Sprengstoff und einen Zünder auf. Der Zünder kann zusammen mit dem Sprengstoff in einer Sprengkapsel angeordnet sein. Zusätzlich kann die Sprengeinrichtung jedoch auch noch weiteren Sprengstoff aufweisen. Zum Notentkoppeln wird der Zünder und damit der Sprengstoff gezündet. Der dabei erzeugte Druckstoß wird impulsförmig auf den Bolzen übertragen. Als Folge wird der Bolzen aus der Bolzenaufnahme gedrückt.

In the following, the explosive device will be described in more detail:

• Usually, the blasting device has explosives and an igniter. The detonator can be placed together with the explosive in a detonator. In addition, however, the explosive device may also have other explosives. For emergency decoupling the detonator and thus the explosive is detonated. The generated pressure surge is impulsively transferred to the bolt. As a result, the bolt is pushed out of the bolt receptacle.

Preferably, the detonator is designed as a detonator, in particular as an EBW detonator (exploding-bridgewire detonator). Particularly preferred is an EBW igniter is used, which corresponds to the highest safety standards according to the prior art. In addition, the blasting device may have at its front end a plate for receiving additional explosive. Preferably, the plate is attached to an aluminum sleeve.

It has proved to be advantageous if the blasting device can be introduced into the device after coupling of the attachment and the vehicle. As a result, a significantly higher level of security can be achieved in the handling of the coupling device during the coupling and regular decoupling.

Preferably, the blasting device from the outside in the lid can be introduced, in particular screwed. As a result, after the coupling of the vehicle and the attachment with the bolt, the blasting device can be introduced into the device, in particular even after the explosion space has been formed by screwing on the cover.

In a further embodiment of the blasting device, the detonator and / or the explosive are received in the lid. Then the explosive device with explosives, igniter and / or socket and cover as a whole with the bolt receptacle and detachable.

When releasing the coupling, however, the blasting device can be removed first from the device, in particular with or without the lid. After removing the blasting device coupling and releasing without danger is possible because no explosives in manual insertion or knocking out of the bolt is in the device.

According to a further embodiment of the device, the blasting device or the igniter can be removed and / or stored while maintaining the coupling from the device. Preferably, the igniter can be stored separately from the lid and for safety reasons last be screwed into the lid.

Preferably, the blasting device is in particular remotely ignitable from the vehicle. As a result, the attachment can be decoupled from the vehicle, so that the crew can remain protected in the vehicle. Preferably, a remote release device is connected to the detonator via a socket on the blasting device and / or in the lid. The connection of the Igniter with the remote trigger device is preferred for security reasons in the last step of the coupling. Thus, the Fernzündauslöser is preferably connected after assembly of the blasting device with the blasting device.

It is constructively advantageous if the bolt is held in position via the cover or the blasting device. As a result, the bolt is fixed in the bolt receptacle in a simple manner.

In a further development of the invention it is further proposed that the blasting device is arranged spaced from the bolt. Preferably, a particular annular pressure piece and / or a particular annular seal in the explosion chamber is arranged in particular for fixing the position. By this, the bolt between the bolt holder and the lid is fixed in position. The pressure piece can serve for spacing the bolt from the explosive.

Alternatively or additionally, the volume of the explosion chamber can be adjusted with a particular annular reducer. For this purpose, this is arranged in the explosion room. The adjustment of the volume can be done by the choice of the width and the inner diameter of the reducer. The volume of the explosion chamber can be used to adjust the pressure development after the explosion and thus the pressure on the bolt when it is pushed out of the bolt receiver.

Additionally or alternatively to the pressure piece and / or the reducer, a seal between the explosive device and the bolt may be provided to seal the explosion space. Particularly preferred is the seal provided between the bolt and / or the bolt holder and the pressure piece and / or reducer.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the pressure piece and the reducer are a component, in particular a ring with angled cross-section.

It has also proved to be advantageous if the blasting device is arranged on an outer side of one cheek and / or the collecting container is arranged on the outside of the other cheek. Preferably, both the blasting device and the collecting container are unscrewed and therefore easily replaceable. In order to secure the blasting device and / or the collecting container to the cheeks, the cheeks each have a threaded portion on their outer sides. Accordingly, the blasting device and / or the collecting container may have a thread.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the device, in particular the collecting container on a return assurance for the bolt. This prevents the bolt from moving back into the receptacle after it has been pushed out of the receptacle and, in particular, after it has hit the receptacle, which would make the uncoupling possibly more difficult. The return assurance can be designed as a deflection guide, via which deflects the direction of movement of the bolt and thus the bolt is guided. The deflection guide may e.g. be configured by a slope at the bottom of the collection container.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the bolt receptacle is designed such that the blasting device and the collecting container can be fastened interchangeably on both cheeks. It can thus either the blasting device or the collecting container be arranged on one side of the bolt receptacle and / or on the other side.

In addition, an attachment and / or vehicle of the type mentioned is proposed to solve the above problem, which has a device of the type already described, so that the advantages already described arise.

In a further embodiment of the attachment and / or vehicle, it has proven to be advantageous if the attachment or vehicle has two devices and the devices are arranged so that the central axis of the male in the devices bolt is located on a straight line.

Usually engages in an attachment with a device of the type already described, the bolt of the device in eyelets of the vehicle. Analog attacks in a vehicle with a device of the type already described, the bolt of the device in holding lugs of the attachment. In this way, vehicle and attachment are easily and safely coupled together. Particularly preferably vehicle and attachment are connected by an articulated coupling.

The attachment and / or the vehicle may have an interface to the hydraulic and / or electrical supply of the attachment by the vehicle. These interfaces or connections can be achieved in emergency decoupling in the manner known from the prior art. Also, interfaces for controlling the attachment from the vehicle may be provided.

In a method of the type mentioned, the above object is solved by the features of patent claim 13.

In a further development of the method it is proposed that for coupling the bolt is inserted into the bolt receptacle and through the retaining lug and then the lid and / or the collecting container is attached to the device.

In addition, it has proven to be advantageous if the vehicle is coupled to the attachment before the introduction of the explosive device. Likewise, it is advantageous if the explosive device is removed before the manual decoupling of the vehicle and the attachment. The manual coupling and / or decoupling without the blasting device is much safer, because of this no danger to the staff can go out.

Preferably, the blasting device is connected after its introduction into the device with the trip unit. For this purpose, a plug may be provided on the blasting device. Particularly preferably, the blasting device and the trip unit are connected to each other just before the vehicle and the attachment are used.

In addition, the method may have all the method steps previously described device-wise individually or in combination.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Fahrzeugs mit einer Vorrichtung und einem Minenroller,

Fig. 2

eine Vorderansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Fig.3

eine Seitenansicht des Gegenstands aus Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine Schnittdarstellung des Gegenstands aus Fig. 2 im gekoppelten Zustand,

Fig. 5

eine Schnittdarstellung des Gegenstands aus Fig. 2 nach der Zündung des Sprengstoffs mit ausgedrücktem Bolzen, wobei sich die Bolzenaufnahme und die Halteöse noch in einer Position gemäß Fig. 4 befinden und

Fig. 6

eine Schnittdarstellung des Gegenstands aus Fig. 2 nach der Zündung des Sprengstoffs mit ausgedrücktem Bolzen, wobei sich die Bolzenaufnahme und die Halteöse bereits auseinander bewegt haben.

Further details of a device according to the invention, as well as an attachment according to the invention or vehicle and a method according to the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of a vehicle with a device and a mine scooter,

Fig. 2

a front view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention,

Figure 3

a side view of the subject Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

a sectional view of the subject Fig. 2 in the coupled state,

Fig. 5

a sectional view of the subject Fig. 2 after ignition of the explosive with the bolt pushed out, the bolt receptacle and the retaining eyelet still in a position according to Fig. 4 located and

Fig. 6

a sectional view of the subject Fig. 2 after the explosive has been ignited with the bolt pushed out, the bolt receptacle and the eyelet having already moved apart.

The Fig. 1 shows a vehicle 3, in particular a work vehicle and / or a military vehicle, with a coupling point to which external attachments 2 of different types can be coupled. For the coupling of an attachment 2 to a vehicle 3, the device 1 according to the invention can be used. An embodiment of this device 1 is in Fig. 2 shown. The Fig. 1 shows a vehicle 3 with an attachment 2, here a mine scooter. Due to the possibility of coupling different tools 2 to a vehicle 3, the range of use and the functional range of the vehicle 3 can be flexibly adapted to different tasks.

Usually, the attachments 2 are arranged on the front of the vehicle 3. However, the coupling points and thus the attachments 2 can also be arranged at other locations of the vehicle 3, for instance at the rear or on the roof of the vehicle 3.

Preferably, 2 uniform coupling points on the vehicle 3 are used for the various attachments. In addition to purely mechanical coupling points, the attachments 2 and / or the vehicle 3 can also have additional interfaces for the hydraulic and / or electrical supply of the attachment 2 by the vehicle 3. Furthermore, a control interface between the attachment 2 and the vehicle 3 may be provided, so that the attachment 2 can be controlled by the vehicle 3.

For fastening the bolt receptacle 4 on the attachment 2 or vehicle 3 has this as in Fig. 3 shown a flange 26 on. The holding lug 7 also has a flange surface for attachment to the vehicle 3 or attachment 2 27 on. The fastening of the bolt receptacle 4 or the holding lug 7 can take place, for example, by means of connecting means, in particular screws or rivets, or even cohesive, in particular by welding.

When using attachments 2, which work the soil, such as. Clippers, mine scooters or mine debris, it happens that they are bogged down. A stuck attachment 2 considerably restricts or prevents the mobility of the vehicle 3.

In particular, in military vehicles 3, it is therefore necessary to protect the crew of the mobility of the attachment 2 leading vehicle 3 as quickly as possible. This is achieved by disconnecting the attachment 2 from the vehicle 3. In general, in this case there is talk of emergency decoupling.

The Fig. 2 and 4 show the coupling device 1 in the coupled state. The device 1 has a bolt receptacle 4, a blasting device 5 and a bolt 6. For coupling of attachment 2 and vehicle 3, the device 1 can be arranged both on the attachment 2 as well as on the vehicle 3. If the device 1 is arranged on the attachment 2, the attachment 2 is coupled to the vehicle 3 via the device 1 and a vehicle-side retaining eye 7. If, on the other hand, the device 1 is arranged on the vehicle 3, the attachment 2 is coupled to the vehicle 3 via an attachment-side holding eye 7 and the device 1. As a result, the coupling of vehicle 3 and attachment 2 to the bolt 6 is articulated.

According to Fig. 2 has the bolt receptacle 4 two cheeks 8, 9. These are spaced apart and formed parallel to each other. They form one Art fork or double cheek. Between the cheeks 8, 9 a cuboid intermediate piece 22 is arranged. In each cheek 8, 9 an exception 10 is provided for receiving the bolt 6. These exceptions 10 are designed as coaxial bores. In an alternative embodiment, however, the bolt receptacle 4, for example, only one cheek 8, 9 have.

In the exceptions 10, the bolt 6 is received. As in Fig. 4 can be seen, the bolt 6 has a stop 21. This stop 21 on the bolt head is formed in the manner of an end collar 21. It serves to fix the position of the bolt 6 in the device 1.

The bolt is inserted when coupling from the side in the bolt receptacle on which the explosive device is arranged. The bolt is driven out of the bolt receptacle by the blasting device during emergency decoupling in the same direction, namely the plug-in direction, S.

On an outer side of the bolt receptacle 4, in the embodiment, the cheek 8, the blasting device 5 is arranged. The explosive device 5 has an igniter 12, explosive 13, and a socket 14. The blasting device 5 is introduced via the thread 29 in the lid 11. For mounting the blasting device has these points 30 on. The lid is fastened via the thread 16 to the bolt receptacle 4. In the lid 11, a blasting device is accommodated with a detonator. In the detonator, an igniter 12 and the explosive 13 are arranged. The blasting device may according to another embodiment contain additional, not shown explosive.

To screw the lid 11 on the bolt holder 4, the lid 11 points of attack 24 for a tool. From the lid 11 and the bolt receptacle 4, an explosion chamber 15 is formed, in which the igniter 12 and the explosive 13 are received. The arranged in the explosion chamber 15 igniter 12 is connected via the socket 14 with an ignition electronics, not shown, for triggering the note clutch.

For fixing the position of the bolt 6, the device 1 has a pressure piece 17, which is arranged between the bolt receptacle 4 and the cover 11. As a result, the pin 6 is clamped over its stop 21 between the pressure piece 17 and the cheek 8 and thereby fixed in position. In addition, the bolt is spaced from the explosive by the pressure piece. Between the pressure piece 17 and the stop, the seal 19 is also arranged. The seal 19 seals the explosion chamber 15 from the bolt 6 and the cheek 8 out.

The volume of the explosion chamber 15 can be adjusted by means of the reducer 18 by varying the internal diameter thereof or its width. As a result, the pressure with which the bolt 6 is driven out of the bolt receptacle 4 can be adjusted.

In the exemplary embodiment, a ring 17, 18 both as a pressure piece 17 and reducer 18 is formed.

At the opposite side of the blasting device cheek 9 a collecting container 20 is arranged for the bolt 6. This can be mounted as well as the lid 11 via a thread 23 on the bolt holder. In the embodiment, the threads 16 and 23 are the same. As a result, both the lid 11 and the collecting container 20 on both sides of the bolt receptacle 4 are mounted. To facilitate assembly, the collecting container 20 points of attack 25 for a tool. However, the collecting container 20 does not necessarily have to be arranged on the bolt receptacle 4. In an alternative embodiment, the collecting container 20 may also be arranged on the retaining lug 7. For example, in particular if the bolt receptacle 4 has only one cheek 8, 9, the blasting device 5 can be arranged on the bolt receptacle 4 and the collecting receptacle 20 on the holding eyelet 8, 9 or vice versa.

Preferably, the bolt receptacle 4, the bolt 6, the retaining lug 7, the cover 10 and / or the collecting container 20 made of metal, in particular steel.

The procedure for coupling, decoupling and emergency decoupling is described below.

For coupling vehicle 3 and attachment 2, the bolt is removed from the bolt receptacle. Subsequently, the vehicle 3 and the attachment 2 are arranged such that the recesses 10 of the bolt receptacle 4 and the retaining lug 7 are aligned. Thereafter, the bolt 6 is inserted again into the bolt receptacle 4 and through the retaining eye 7. By inserting the plugging direction is defined. The bolt 6 abuts with its stop 21 on the bolt receptacle 4. Subsequently, the seal 19 is arranged in front of the bolt 6 in the explosion chamber 15. Thereafter, the pressure piece 17 or reducer 18 is placed in front of the seal 19. Thereafter, the lid 11 is screwed to the bolt receptacle 4. By mounting the cover 11 of the bolt 6 is fixed in position in the bolt receptacle 4. In that regard, the coupling for the staff safely, take place, as in the bolt no explosives is present. Finally, the blasting device 5 is screwed into the device. The Blasting device 5 is only shortly before use connected to a remote release device, not shown, to avoid accidental tripping. The regular release of the coupling takes place in reverse order. Since the manual coupling or decoupling both the insertion as well as the moving out of the bolt happens without the explosive device, a coupling and decoupling is safely possible.

The emergency solution will be described below on the basis of the sectional views of the 4 to 6 to be discribed. For emergency release, the igniter 12 is ignited by means of an ignition device. Since the explosive device 5 is electrically remote-lit, the ignition can be done for example from the cab. In this case, the crew of the vehicle 3 can remain protected in the cab.

By the ignition of the explosive 13 is implemented. The detonator and the explosive immediately produce reaction products in the form of smoke. As a result, a pressure builds up in the explosion chamber 15. As a result, the stop formed as a bolt head is deformed. The bolt is pressed against the insertion direction from the bolt receptacle 4. In this case, the stop 21 deforms and / or tears off. The bolt 6 is affected by the pressure in the explosion chamber 15, as in Fig. 5 shown driven into the collection container 20 and collected by this. The impact surface of the collecting container for the bolt is formed obliquely. The slope prevents a return to the exceptions. Thus, the surface forms a return assurance for the bolt. As soon as the bolt 6 has left the retaining eyelet 7, bolt receptacle 4 and retaining eyelet 7 remove due to the dead weight of the implement 2, as in Fig. 6 shown. The attachment 2 is now released from the vehicle 3.

The apparatus 1 described above, as well as the attachment 2 described above, as well as the vehicle 2 described above and the above-described method for emergency decoupling of an attachment 2 from a vehicle 3, are characterized in particular by the fact that they are actuated by the principle of pushing the bolt 6 the bolt receptacle 4 by means of a blasting device 5 a permanently functionally reliable emergency decoupling is ensured, especially at high unknown voltage conditions due to a stalled attachment 2.

Reference numerals:

1

contraption

2

attachment

3

vehicle

4

bolt Hole

5

explosive device

6

bolt

7

retaining eye

8th

cheek

9

cheek

10

Exception / bore

11

cover

12

fuze

13

explosive

14

socket

15

blast space

16

thread

17

Pressure piece

18

reducer

19

seal

20

receptacle

21

Stop, collar

22

connecting piece

23

thread

24

attackpoint

25

attackpoint

26

flange

27

flange

28

Return assurance

29

thread

30

attackpoint

S

plug-in direction

Claims (15)

1. Device for coupling an attachment (2), in particular a dozer blade, a mine-clearing plow or a mine roller, to a vehicle (3) with a bolt (6), a bolt receptacle (4) receiving the bolt (6) and an explosive device (5) for emergency decoupling, wherein the explosive device (5) is arranged on that side of the bolt receptacle (4) from which the bolt (6) is plugged in during the coupling, and the explosive device is arranged in an explosion space (15), characterized in that, as a result of the explosion of the explosive, the bolt (6) is pushable out of the bolt receptacle (4) in the plug-in direction (S) of the bolt (6) in order to release the coupling.
2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bolt (6) is pushable out of the bolt receptacle (4) by a pressure surge via the explosive device (5).
3. Device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bolt (6) has a stop (21) for positioning the bolt (6) in the bolt receptacle (4).
4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an in particular releasable collecting container (20) for collecting the bolt (6).
5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosive device (5) or a detonator (12) is removable from the device and/or storable with the coupling being maintained.
6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosive device (5) has an in particular releasable cover (11) for protecting the explosive (13).
7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (11) and the bolt receptacle (4) form an explosion space (15) in which the explosive (13) is arranged.
8. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that a thrust piece (17) and/or a reducing piece (18) is arranged in the explosion space (15).
9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosive device (5) is arranged spaced apart from the bolt (6).
10. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the bolt receptacle (4) has two spaced-apart cheeks (8, 9), wherein the explosive device (5) is arranged on an outer side of the one cheek, and/or the collecting container (20) is arranged on the outer side of the other cheek (8, 9).
11. Attachment for coupling to a vehicle (3) or vehicle for coupling to an attachment (2), characterized by a device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
12. Attachment or vehicle according to Claim 11, characterized in that the bolt (6) of the device (1) engages in holding eyes (7) of the vehicle (3) or of the attachment (2).
13. Method for the coupling and emergency decoupling of an attachment (2), in particular a dozer blade, a mine roller or a mine-clearing plow, from a vehicle (3), characterized in that an explosive device (5) is arranged on that side of a bolt receptacle (4) from which a bolt (6) is plugged in during the coupling, the explosive device is arranged in an explosion space (15), and, as a result of the explosion of the explosive, the bolt (6) is pushed out of the bolt receptacle (4) in the plug-in direction (S) of the bolt (6) in order to release the coupling.
14. Method according to Claim 13, characterized in that, for the coupling, the bolt (6) is plugged into the bolt receptacle (4) and through the holding eye (7) and then the cover (11) and/or the collecting container (20) is fastened to the device (1).
15. Method according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the explosive device (5) is fitted after the coupling.

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