EP2884033A1 - Fire protection circuit and assembly of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire protection switch (1) for arrangement on a fire and / or smoke protection door (10) with a triggering device whose operation releases the fire and / or smoke protection door (10) from an open position held by a locking device for movement into a closed position , and with at least one of a housing (15) recorded fire detector (2), which is provided with at least one sensor (8), and arranged at an opening enclosure of the fire and / or smoke protection door (10) closable opening (20) is, wherein a signal of the fire detector (2) in case of alarm, the triggering device actuated at least indirectly. It is proposed that the at least one sensor (8) has a detection region (11) which acts outside the housing (15) and the detection region (11) at least partially coincides with a smoke gas transport path (9) passing through the opening (20).

Description

The invention relates to a fire protection switch for arrangement on a fire and / or smoke protection door or an arrangement of one or more fire protection switches and a fire and / or smoke protection door which closes an opening at least in case of fire. Such fire switches are provided with a smoke detector and a triggering device. If the smoke detector has detected smoke, a locking device is triggered and released by the Festelleinrichtung held in an open position fire and / or smoke protection door to move to a closed position.

Fire safety switch of the type described otherwise intended to keep closed doors fire and / or smoke doors exceptionally open, with a reliable closing of the relevant door must be guaranteed in case of alarm.

These fire protection switches are often mounted with other components in particular also components of the locking device or system in a housing above the fire and / or smoke protection door. Care must be taken during installation to ensure that there is a minimum distance between the upper edge of the housing and the lintel or ceiling above, so that the smoke to be detected can flow through the housing and the detection area of the smoke detector.

However, this distance, which is absolutely necessary for the reliable detection of smoke, is often undesirable among architects, in particular with regard to aesthetic aspects. Often, installation regulations are disregarded and the minimum distance required during installation is not adhered to, or even the remaining gap between housing and lintel or ceiling is sealed with silicone.

The US 3,908,309 wants to solve the different problem of premature closure of fire and smoke control doors, which can be caused by smoke detectors mounted on the ceiling away from the door. The smoke detection of these detectors can lead to doors being closed early, even though they still have to be passed to escape and are still suitable for doing so. To solve this problem, the US 3,908,309 to arrange in front of a smoke detector directly in the door frame. However, there is a risk that smoke or even fire in a delayed detection can already penetrate into adjacent fire sections. Also in the in the US 3,908,309 described problem solution, the smoke must first penetrate into the housing of the smoke detector in order to be able to be detected, which leads to delays in the detection of smoke, which are particularly questionable in this installation position of the smoke detector. Because the smoke detector of US 3,908,309 has openings on one side of the door, through which smoke must penetrate into the detector to be detected there. If a fire arises on the side of the door that faces away from the openings and smoke flows through the door, the direction of flow of the smoke is opposite to that which would be necessary for smoke to penetrate into the detector. This leads to further significant delays in the detection of smoke. This makes it clear that there may be unacceptable delays in fire detection when smoke or fumes enter the enclosure of a vehicle Fire protection switch must penetrate and the penetration openings additionally, off a Rauchgastransportpfades.

From the DE 10 2005 045 484 For example, an aerosol detector has been disclosed that is mounted over a door and detects an aerosol when measurements of distances in different directions measure approximately equal distances. This smoke detection principle requires a very high smoke concentration for a reliable smoke detection principle, since only then smoke is detected when due to the smoke density in all directions only equal distances are measured, ie distances that are smaller than the shortest distance between the sensor and its next surface. With such a high smoke density, the visibility is already limited to a few meters that orientation would be impossible and therefore closing a fire and / or smoke protection door would be much too late.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a fire circuit breaker that detects reliably in the presence of an alarm criterion and thereby causes the door to close releases and allows a more arbitrary arrangement in the door frame without that these lead to unnecessary delays in closing.

This object is achieved by a fire protection switch of the type mentioned, in which at least one sensor has an effective outside the housing detection area and the detection area coincides at least partially with a cross through the opening Rauchgastransportpfad. With its effective outside of the housing detection range of the sensor of the detector or its housing is therefore a necessity relieved to be flowed through by the combustion gases, rather, the sensor "looks" in a usually located in a but also laterally of him space section and detects the presence of smoke or gases there reliably, after which the fire protection switch then triggers the locking device so that the fire and / or smoke protection door can be moved from its fixed open position into a closed or closed position. Conveniently, a Rauchgastransportpfad is monitored, which engages through the opening to be closed by the door, so that the detection of smoke and / or combustion gases through the sensor is a criterion for whether the door in question is still passable. Closing the door then closes, for example, a fire compartment to be closed. Suitably, the at least one sensor is designed as an optical smoke sensor, in particular as a scattered light or extinction smoke sensor and / or as a gas sensor, which can be manufactured with sufficient sensitivity.

Further advantageous embodiments and refinements of the fire protection switch are apparent from the dependent claims. In all of these embodiments, the fire protection switch can also be provided with several sensors at the same time, in this case preferably with at least one sensor of each type of sensor.

Space-saving and reliable detection can advantageously be an aesthetic aspects sufficient fire protection switch itself and / or be at least one fire detector without separation to a fall of the door or a ceiling. The fire protection switch itself or its fire detector can, for example, in an advantageous development be provided on or in a slide on or with which the door is moved.

Another advantageous embodiment of the fire circuit breaker may be to arrange this itself or its fire alarm in a frame of the door. Switch or detector can be located on or in the frame of the door. Here, with regard to the specific location of fire protection switch or fire detectors largely freedom, since the detection area is respectively aligned or adapted to the place.

A reliable detection of smoke and combustion gases succeeds with an embodiment of the fire protection switch, in which at least one sensor of the fire detector is designed as a scattered light smoke sensor. However, this sensor dispenses with a measuring chamber, which in turn would have to be flowed through and avoids such fluidic problem of the arrangement. In the case of a scattered-light smoke sensor designed in this way, the detection area, in this case the area in which emitted light is scattered by smoke onto the receiver, can be dimensioned so that it extends far into the room and thus large parts of a flue gas transport path can be reliably detected.

In order to protect the fire detector of the fire circuit breaker according to the invention on the one hand against environmental influences, on the other hand, but not to affect the reliability of the detection, in an advantageous development, the housing may have at least a portion of permeable to from within the housing signals emitting transmitter and the outside the housing is backscattered, to be recorded by a receiver signals is formed. It is especially when installing the fire alarm in a door frame make sure that the fire resistance of the fire and / or smoke protection door or its frame is not affected. Preferably, the housing and the radiation-transmissive portion of temperature-resistant, in particular refractory material, which may be for the radiation-transmissive portion, for example, refractory glass.
As an alternative or in addition to the scattered light smoke sensor, the sensor can be designed as an extinction smoke / gas sensor. For this purpose, it is expedient if a first measuring path for measuring the light attenuation by smoke and / or a target gas outside the housing of the detector and outside the frame of the fire and / or smoke door in the vicinity of the lintel or the ceiling or at the upper inner edge of the frame is arranged and a second measuring section is arranged inaccessible as a reference measuring section within the housing and / or within the frame for the ambient air

In another expedient development, the sensor is designed as a gas sensor, in particular as a semiconductor gas sensor, alarms warning of a fire hazard with the criterion that the concentration of a combustion product, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides or similar combustion gases exceeds a threshold, or recognize a typical fire concentration pattern.

An advantageous development of the fire protection switch according to the invention can consist in that a gas-sensitive surface of the sensor is arranged in an edge region of the housing, in particular that the outer surface of the sensor at the edge region with a surrounding surface is flush, so that the fire detector on the surface in the Surveillance area to be monitored and the gas does not look in the housing of the fire protection switch has to penetrate in order to be detected there. Preferably, the gas-sensitive layer is still protected from mechanical damage by a gas-permeable membrane.

The maintenance of the functionality of the fire detector is used when using a gas sensor, the assignment of a detection means for detecting a cover in particular a contamination of the protective membrane of the sensor in an advantageous embodiment of the fire circuit breaker. For this purpose, the detection means may be formed as a separate sensor.

In a further development of the fire protection switch according to the invention of possibly independent significance, the at least one sensor of the fire detector is arranged such that the fire and / or smoke protection door engages in its closed position in the detection range of the fire detector. In this way, the temporal development of the sensor signal can also be used to make a statement about the closed state of the door. In this way, if appropriate, the passability of an escape route can be assessed remotely if the relevant information about the closed state of, for example, a group of doors is present.

Also, the mentioned closed position is desirably recognized with high reliability. For this purpose, in an advantageous development of the fire protection switch, the fire detector uses different signal levels for the evaluation. The closed position of the fire and / or smoke protection door is based on a clearly above a smoke threshold of the sensor lying high static signal level of the scattered light smoke sensor or a signal of the detection means of the gas sensor, which detection means originally the detection of a cover or contamination of the gas sensor is detected.

Fig.1

eine ebene Seitenansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des Brandschutzschalters, der unmittelbar unterhalb des Sturzes einer Tür angeordnet ist, mit dessen Erfassungsbereich;

Fig.2

eine ebene Seitenansicht des Brandschutzschalters aus der Fig.1 bei geschlossener Tür;

Fig.3

eine ebene Seitenansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des Brandschutzschalters, der im Rahmen der Tür angeordnet ist mit dessen Erfassungsbereich;

Fig.4

eine ebene Seitenansicht des Brandschutzschalters aus der Fig.3 bei geschlossener Tür;

Fig.5

eine ebene Ansicht eines Sensors aus den Fig. 1 bis 4 mit Sender, Empfänger und Erfassungsbereich.

The invention is explained below with reference to embodiments in the drawing. In partially highly schematic representation here show the

Fig.1

a planar side view of a first embodiment of the fire protection switch, which is located immediately below the fall of a door, with its detection area;

Fig.2

a planar side view of the fire protection switch from the Fig.1 with the door closed;

Figure 3

a planar side view of a second embodiment of the fire protection switch, which is arranged in the frame of the door with its detection area;

Figure 4

a planar side view of the fire protection switch from the Figure 3 with the door closed;

Figure 5

a planar view of a sensor from the Fig. 1 to 4 with transmitter, receiver and detection range.

In the Fig.1 to 4 is a designated as a whole with 1 fire protection switch for placement on a fire and / or smoke protection door 10, shown in the episode simplistic simply called door 10, which closes an opening 20, wherein the opening enclosure formed by lintel 3 and or door frame 4 is. The respective fire protection switch 1 is housed with the fire detector 2 in a housing 15. One recognizes in the Fig.1 First, a lintel 3, which engages over a door frame 4 in the direction in the viewing plane. In the corner area formed at the transition between the door lintel 3 and the door frame 4, a fire protection switch 1 with a fire detector 2 is assigned which is integrated with a sliding rail 5 which moves the door 10. The sensor 8 of the fire detector 2 is recognizable provided with a transmitter 7 and a receiver 6, which monitor the arranged below the fire detector 2 detection area 11. In the Fig.1 Furthermore, it can be seen that the detection area 11 at least partially coincides with a smoke gas transport path 9 which extends through the opening 20 and is indicated by arrows. Along this transport path 9, smoke or combustion gases pass through the door opening 20 and are detected by the sensor 8 with receiver 6 and transmitter 7. It can be seen that the transport path 9 penetrates the detection area 11. Smoke can thus be detected, although the transport path 9 leads to the housing 15 of the fire protection switch 1 over. Smoke that would first have to penetrate into the housing 15 could only be detected later in this situation if smoke has also spread into areas laterally of the marked transport path 9.
Not shown in Fig. 1 but still supported by the idea of the invention is an arrangement in which the fire protection switch 1 with respect to the representation in Fig. 1 turned 90 ° to the left. Also in this case, the detection area 11 of the fire detector 2 is penetrated by the flue gas transport path 9 and smoke can be detected early without having to first penetrate into the housing 15.

In the Fig.2 you recognize the to the Fig.1 described arrangement with the door 10 in the closed position, wherein the door leaf 12 has been pivoted to not shown hinges in the closed position, so it is a stop door, the forms a fold 14 with the facing her area of the door frame 4. Good to see in the Fig.2 in that the door leaf 12 of the door 10 engages in the detection area 11 of the sensor 8, as a result of which the closed position of the door 10 shown can be detected by the fire detector 2 of the fire protection switch 1. The closed position of the door 10, the fire detector 2, for example, recognize that the door 10 generates a high and static signal in its closed state, while smoke or fumes cause weaker and fluctuating signals. If necessary, the signal when the door 10 is closed can still be selectively influenced by reflecting surfaces on the door 10, not shown. If the fire detector 2 contains a plurality of scattered light smoke sensors 8, which operate at different angles and / or wavelengths, the closed position can optionally also be effected by comparing the measuring signals of the various sensors 8. For example, correspondingly normalized sensors 8, which operate with blue and red or infrared light, would deliver signals of the same magnitude when the door is closed, while in the case of smoke, the sensor 8 will deliver lower values with red light than the sensor 8 which operates with blue light. Furthermore, special sensors, not shown, can be used to detect the closed position of the door 10, whose function is to detect a cover of the detector 2 or to monitor its surroundings for objects which may affect the air flow and thus the smoke gas transport.

In the arrangement of Figure 3 is unlike that of the Fig.1 the fire protection switch 1 with fire alarm 2 housed in the door frame 4 of the door 10, so that the sensor 8 from the door frame 4, starting in the direct direction looks down, so its detection area 11 cut by an imaginary line between a door threshold and the door frame 4 line would. The detection area 11 In this arrangement, therefore, it can be found directly above the threshold.

This arrangement is able to detect the closed position of the door 10, as the Figure 4 can be removed. There it can be seen that the front end 13 of the door panel 12 is located opposite the located in the door frame 4 fire detector 2 with sensor 8 in the closed position, so that the sensor 8 is able to recognize this condition, be it that he this one Signal level of the actual sensor 8 or a detection means, not shown, which inter alia detects the cover of the sensor 8, evaluates. Depending on the distance between the sensor 8 and the door 10, the detection can also be based on the fact that the receiver 6 of the scattered light sensor 8 does not receive any light at all although the transmitter 7 emits light. It is also conceivable that the detection of the closed position is based on the fact that the receiver 6 receives almost all the light emitted by the transmitter 7 light. For this purpose, a not shown optical fiber is usefully attached to the door 10, which directs the light emitted by the transmitter 7 directly to the receiver 6 of the scattered light sensor 8 when the door 10 is closed. With a correspondingly accurate alignment of transmitter 7, receiver 6 and light guide, it can even be determined here whether the door has fallen into lock and is thus completely closed.

The recognition of the closed position of the door 10 is also possible in the arrangement of the sensor 8 in the door frame 4, when the detection area 11 of the sensor 8 is not oriented downwards but to the side. In this arrangement, the closed position z. B. be recognized when the detection area 11 of the sensor 8 is covered with the door 10 closed by the stop of the door 10.

In the Figure 5 schematically shows an arrangement of a sensor 8 with transmitter 7 and receiver 6, in which the transmitter 7 radiates electromagnetic waves, while the receiver 6 is sensitive to the reception of objects, for example. Smoke particles, backscattered radiation in a certain direction, whereby is defined below both of the detection area 11 of the sensor 8.
Not shown in the figures, for reasons of clarity or because already known, the locking and the triggering device.

Accordingly, the above invention relates to a fire protection switch 1 for placement on a fire and / or smoke protection door 10 and an arrangement of fire safety switch and a fire and / or smoke door 10 with a triggering device whose operation the fire and / or smoke door 10 from a held open by a locking device open position for movement in a closed position, and with at least one of a housing 15 recorded fire detector 2, which is provided with at least one sensor 8, and at an opening enclosure of the fire and / or smoke door 10 is arranged, wherein a Signal the fire detector 2 in the event of an alarm, the triggering device actuated at least indirectly.
In order to have a fire protection switch 1 available that detects this early and reliable in the presence of an alarm criterion and thereby causes the door 10 releases while allowing a more arbitrary arrangement in the region of the opening enclosure, the at least one sensor 8 has an effective outside the housing 15 detection area 11 and the detection area 11 coincides at least partially with a cross through the opening 20 Rauchgastransportpfad 9 together.

Claims (11)

Fire safety switch (1) for arrangement on a fire and / or smoke protection door (10) with a triggering device whose operation releases the fire and / or smoke protection door (10) from an open position held by a locking device for movement into a closed position, and with at least one of a housing (15) recorded fire detector (2) which is provided with at least one sensor (8) and at an opening border of the fire and / or smoke protection door (10) closable opening (20) is arranged, wherein a Signal of the fire detector (2) in the event of an alarm, the triggering device at least indirectly actuated, characterized in that the at least one sensor (8) is designed as an optical smoke sensor, in particular stray light or extinction smoke sensor and / or as a gas sensor, one outside the housing (15) effective Detection area (11) and the detection area (11) at least partially with a through the opening (20) gre ifenden Rauchgastransportpfad (9) coincides. Fire safety switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire protection switch (1) itself and / or its at least one fire detector (2) is arranged without gaps to a lintel (3) of the door (10) or a ceiling. Fire safety switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fire protection switch (1) itself or the at least one fire detector (2) in a frame (4) of the door (10) is arranged. Fire safety switch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one sensor (8) of the fire detector (2) is designed as a scattered light smoke sensor. Fire safety switch according to Claim 4, characterized in that the housing (15) has at least one section which is permeable to signals emanating from a transmitter inside the housing (7) and from the outside of the housing (15) backscattered by a receiver (6) signals is trained. Fire safety switch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one sensor (8) of the fire detector (2) is designed as Absinktionsrauchsensor. Fire safety switch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor (8) is a gas sensor, in particular a semiconductor gas sensor. Fire protection switch according to claim 7, characterized in that a gas-sensitive surface of the sensor (8) in an edge region of the housing (15) is arranged, preferably an outer surface of the sensor (8) at the edge region with a surrounding surface is flush. Fire safety switch according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sensor (8) is associated with a detection means for detecting a cover of itself. Fire safety switch according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one sensor (8) of the fire detector (2) is arranged such that the fire and / or smoke protection door (10) engages in its closed position in its detection area (11). Fire safety switch according to claim 10, characterized in that the fire detector (2) the closed position of the fire and / or smoke protection door (10) based on a well above a smoke threshold of the scattered light smoke sensor (8) lying high static signal level or a signal of the detection means in particular of the gas sensor (8).

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