EP2875506B1 - Moyens d'absorption phonique contenant au moins un résonateur à cavité - Google Patents

Moyens d'absorption phonique contenant au moins un résonateur à cavité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2875506B1
EP2875506B1 EP14705963.8A EP14705963A EP2875506B1 EP 2875506 B1 EP2875506 B1 EP 2875506B1 EP 14705963 A EP14705963 A EP 14705963A EP 2875506 B1 EP2875506 B1 EP 2875506B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
layer
cavity resonator
sound absorbing
cavity
resonant
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EP14705963.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2875506A2 (fr
Inventor
Klara Kalinova
Ondrej KOLEK
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Technicka Univerzita v Liberci
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Technicka Univerzita v Liberci
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sound absorbing means which contains at least one cavity resonator.
  • Sound absorbing materials are generally used in many different fields and their main task is to provide hygiene of the environment from the point of view of undesired or harmful sound.
  • the design of a sound absorbing material suitable for the application is based on a range of frequencies of unwanted sound, which is to be absorbed or damped.
  • porous materials such as melamine, polyurethane and metal foams or non-woven fabrics made from mineral or polymeric fibers. Nevertheless, for absorbing sounds of lower frequencies are these materials unsuitable, due to great thickness of materials needed in such cases.
  • the general objective is to combine the above-mentioned characteristics into one acoustic system, which would be able to absorb sounds of low as well as of high frequencies.
  • a layered sound absorbing non-woven fabric which comprises a layer of nanofibers having with diameter up to 600 nanometers and a surface weight of 0,1 to 5 g/m 2 and at least another layer of fibrous material, these layers being formed by cross laying.
  • the layer of nanofibers fulfils the function of acoustic resonant membrane resonating at low frequency, whereas the layer of another material provides not only sufficient damping, by which means the maximum quantity of sound energy gathered in the resonator is converted into heat, but at the same time it is capable of absorbing sounds of higher frequencies.
  • this textile absorbs with good results especially sounds of frequencies in relatively narrow range from approximately 700 to 1300 Hz.
  • WO 2011/047429 discloses an acoustic panel including a substantially air impermeable membrane layer and a layer having apertures therein, wherein each portion of the membrane layer which overlies an aperture defines a diaphragm, which is able to vibrate in response to sound waves incident on the membrane layer and thereby absorb at least part of the sound waves' energy.
  • At least one resonance absorber is able to provide sound absorption at a frequency which is different to the frequency of resonance of at least one of the individual diaphragms.
  • At least some of the apertures are arranged in clusters whereby the greatest distance between adjacent apertures within a cluster is less than the distance between any one of the apertures within the cluster and any aperture outside of the cluster.
  • the goal of the invention is therefore to eliminate or at least reduce the disadvatages of the present state of the art and to propose sound absorbing means that would be capable of absorbing with good results sounds in as broad frequency range as possible.
  • the goal of the invention is achieved by sound absorbing means which contains at least one cavity resonator, whose principle consists in that on at least one of the surfaces of this cavity resonator is fixedly attached an acoustic resonant membrane, which overlaps an orifice/orifices leading into the cavity/cavities of the cavity resonator.
  • the parameters of the resonant membrane together with the shape and volume of the cavity of the cavity resonator then determine which sound frequencies will be damped and to what extent. At the same time it is possible - while keeping the thickness of the resonator - to damp sound frequencies which could be normally damped by cavity resonator with extremely large air gap.
  • the resonant membrane is arranged on both opposing surfaces of the cavity resonator and/or on the resonant membrane there is arranged another cavity resonator on which can be fixedly attached another resonant membrane, which overlaps the orifice/orifices leading into its cavity/cavities.
  • any cavity resonator can be used as the cavity resonator, for example a Helmholtz cavity resonator, a cavity resonator formed by honeycomb, a cavity resonator formed by perforated panel/board with at least one cavity, etc.
  • At least one resonant membrane is made of a layer of polymeric nanofibers. Any other resonant membrane can be then used as the other resonant membrane, for example a layer of polymeric nanofibers, a synthetic foil, a metallic foil, a cellulose foil, a layer of paper, or a combination thereof, etc.
  • the resonant membrane can also be perforated.
  • the resonant membrane is preferably provided with reinforcement from group of: a grid, a net, a layer of textile, a net of points and/or linear and/or planar formations of materials in solid state, etc.
  • a covering layer is arranged, the covering layer from group of: a grid, a net, a layer of textile, a foam, a synthetic foil, a metallic foil, a layer of lightweight building material, a layer of paper, a layer of cardboard, a layer of plywood, a layer of chipboard, a layer of wood, a layer of glass, or combinations thereof.
  • At least one cavity of the cavity resonator is at least partially filled with sound absorbing material from group including an aerogel, a material containing aerogel as one of its components, polymeric nanofibers, a layer of polymeric nanofibers, a material containing polymeric nanofibers or a layer of polymeric nanofibers as one of its components, a fibrous layer, a layer formed by meltblown technology, a foam, a gas cushion, a bubble foil, a polymeric granulate, a foil filled with a liquid, a composite material, fibers, twists of a fibrous layer, including a layer of polymeric nanofibers, bunches of nanofibers, or shreds of a layer of nanofibers, twists of paper, slips of paper, a vermiculite granulate, wood chips and/or wood sawdust, a perlite, chopped straw and/or chaff, feather, a sand, balls or other formations of polyester, or combinations thereof.
  • sound absorbing material from group including an aerogel
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross section of sound absorbing means according to the invention with Helmholtz cavity resonator
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section of another embodiment of sound absorbing means according to Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section of sound absorbing means according to the invention with cavity resonator formed by honeycomb
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section of sound absorbing means according to the invention with cavity resonator formed by perforated board
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross section of sound absorbing means according to the invention with two cavity resonators formed by perforated board
  • Fig. 6 shows a graph of sound absorption coefficient ⁇ of the sound absorbing means according to the invention and its separate components
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross section of sound absorbing means according to the invention with Helmholtz cavity resonator
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section of another embodiment of sound absorbing means according to Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section of sound absorbing means
  • FIG. 7 shows a graph of sound absorption coefficient ⁇ of the sound absorbing means according to the invention, different from the one represented in Fig. 6 , and of its separate components
  • Fig. 8 shows a graph of sound absorption coefficient ⁇ of the sound absorbing means according to the invention different from the ones shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 , and of its separate components.
  • the principle of the invention consists in usage of a combination of a cavity resonator, by which the air or other material contained in its cavities is forced into vibration upon impact of sound waves of high frequency, and an acoustic resonant membrane, which is brought into forced vibration upon impact of sound waves of low frequency.
  • any known cavity resonator can be used, such as:
  • All the cavities of the resonator, or the inlet orifices leading into them, can have the same shape and size, or at least some of them differ in at least one of these parameters.
  • at least some of the cavities of the cavity resonator can be - as the need may be - at least partially filled with sound absorbing material.
  • such materials may be for example:
  • the cavity resonator can be underlayed by layer of suitable sound absorbing material, or it can be supplemented by such layer, which is arranged between it and the surface, to which the sound absorbing means according to the invention is applied or on which it is laid.
  • the resonance frequency of the cavity resonator is then determined especially by dimensions of its cavity/cavities, by size and shape of the inlet orifices leading into it/them, by its material and by the quantity and character of the fillings of the cavity/cavities.
  • the cavities of the cavity resonator are usually closed from one side by the surface of the base, to which the sound absorbing means according to the invention is to be applied, however, if necessary, they can be closed by suitable layer of material, for example the same material from which the whole body of the cavity resonator is made.
  • acoustic resonant membrane As the acoustic resonant membrane can be used, for example:
  • any of these acoustic resonant membranes can be combined with any of the above mentioned cavity resonators.
  • This resonant membrane is then arranged on the surface of the cavity resonator, to which it is fixedly attached, for example glued or laminated, etc. Its parts, which overlap the orifices leading into the cavity/cavities of the cavity resonator, constitute separate resonant surfaces, whereby the resonant frequency of each of them is determined, apart from the overall properties of the resonant membrane, also by their size and shape.
  • these resonant surfaces Upon impact of sound waves, these resonant surfaces are brought into forced vibrations, which are subsequently damped by friction in the inner structure of the resonant membrane, by the friction of the resonant membrane against ambient air and possibly against other layers of the material arranged in its proximity, wherein part of the kinetic energy of the resonating membrane is transmitted to the cavity resonator. Moreover, friction in the inner structure of the resonant membrane is further increased by the fact that the neighbouring resonant surfaces can vibrate with mutually different period and/or deviation.
  • one covering layer of material can be arranged, which protects the resonant membrane from mechanical damage, and, as the case may be, it constitutes or partly constitutes the front side of the sound absorbing means according to the invention.
  • the covering layer for example, the following materials can be used:
  • this covering layer may be attached to the resonant membrane by means of suitable binder, such as melt binder and/or by lamination.
  • suitable binder such as melt binder and/or by lamination.
  • at least one layer is arranged between the cavity resonator and the resonant membrane, or the resonant membrane is arranged between two covering layers.
  • the sound absorbing means comprises a Helmholtz cavity resonator composed of a cavity 1 defined by an outer frame 2 arranged on the base 3 , to which the sound absorbing means is to be applied, by the surface 31 of this base 3 and by perforated wooden board 4 having a thickness of 5 mm located at distance of 20 mm from the surface 31 of the base 3. All the orifices 41 in the perforated board 4 have circular shape and identical size or area of 7 mm 2 , whereby the area of the resonator is 200 mm 2 . From the outer side on the perforated board 4 is arranged, e.g.
  • a resonant membrane 5 formed by layer of polyamide nanofibers having a surface weight of 0,4 g.m -2 , and average diameter of nanofibers of 250 nm, which overlaps its entire surface, including the orifices 41 which lead into the cavity 1 of the resonator.
  • the resonant surfaces 51 of the resonant membrane 5 which are arranged within the spaces of the orifices 41 of the perforated board 4 are brought into forced vibration by the components of the sound waves with low frequency. Their vibrations are at the same time damped especially by the friction in the inner structure of the resonant membrane 5, its friction against ambient air and against the perforated board 4 , and also by transmission of part of the kinetic energy on the perforated board 4 and on the outer frame 2 of Helmholtz resonator, or to other not shown assembly and/or construction elements, by which the sound absorbing means according to the invention is attached to the support 3, and, as the case may be, also to the base 3.
  • Components of the sound waves with higher frequency then pass through the resonant membrane 5 and the orifices 41 in the perforated board 4 to the cavity 1 of Helmholtz resonator, where they bring molecules of air into forced vibrations. Vibration of these molecules is then damped by their mutual friction and friction against walls of the Helmholtz resonator or also against the resonant membrane 5. In this manner components of sound waves in broad band of frequencies are absorbed simultaneously.
  • the cavity 1 of Helmholtz resonator at least partially with suitable sound absorbing material mentioned above, such as a textile ( Fig. 2 ), or combination of these materials.
  • the outer frame 2 of Helmholtz resonator is in the embodiments shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 formed by independent element fitted with not shown means for connection to the surface 31 of the base 3, to which the sound absorbing means according to the invention is to be applied, nevertheless in not shown embodiments it can be formed directly by part of this base 3, for example by its construction element/elements, etc.
  • a cavity resonator is used, formed by honeycomb 6.
  • the cavities, or orifices leading into the cavities of this resonator, are enclosed by the surface 31 of the base 3 , to which the sound absorbing means according to the invention is to be applied, and from the opposite side by the resonant membrane 5 formed by layer of polymeric nanofibers arranged on an support textile 52 of spunbond type.
  • the support textile 52 on which the layer of polymeric nanofibers was deposited during its production through electrostatic spinning, is arranged in direction away from the cavity resonator, thus protecting the resonant membrane 5 from mechanical damage and at the same time contributing to absorbing components of sound waves with higher frequencies.
  • This sound absorbing means according to the invention is based on the same principle as the sound absorbing means shown in Fig. 1 - i.e. the components of the sound waves with low frequencies are absorbed by the vibrations of the resonant membrane 5 , and the components of the sound waves with high frequencies are absorbed by the cavity resonator, and, as the case may be, by the support textile 52.
  • At least some cavities of the cavity resonator are at least partially filled with suitable sound absorbing material mentioned above.
  • a cavity resonator formed by perforated panel 7 is used.
  • the cavities or orifices leading into the cavities of this resonator are enclosed by the surface 31 of the base 3 , to which the sound absorbing means according to the invention is to be applied, and from the opposite side by the resonant membrane 5 formed by layer of polymeric nanofibers.
  • the resonant membrane 5 is overlapped from the outer side by covering layer 53 formed by polystyrene panel with open structure, which at the same time constitutes the frontside of the sound absorbing means and which is connected with the resonant membrane by means of binder through points or abscisae, or in another manner which enables vibration of the resonant membrane 5 or its parts.
  • This sound absorbing means is based on the same principle as in the preceding embodiments - i.e. components of the sound waves with low frequencies are absorbed by the vibration of the resonant membrane 5 , while the components with high frequencies are absorbed by the cavity resonator, and possibly also by the covering layer 53 .
  • At least some cavities of the cavity resonator are at least partially filled with suitable sound absorbing material mentioned above.
  • Fig. 5 further shows an embodiment of sound absorbing means according to the invention in which the cavity resonator is formed by perforated panel 7 , whose cavities or orifices leading into the cavities are enclosed by the surface 31 of the base 3 , to which the sound absorbing means according to the invention is to be apllied, and from the opposite side are enclosed by resonant membrane 5 composed of layer of polymeric nanofibers,arranged another identical cavity resonator formed by perforated panel 70 , to which is fixedly attached another identical resonant membrane 50 , which overlaps the cavities or orifices leading into the second cavity resonator.
  • the outer resonant membrane 50 is from the outer side overlapped by covering layer 501 formed in the shown embodiment by textile layer, which at the same time constitutes the frontside of this sound absorbing means.
  • At least some cavities of the cavity resonator are at least partially filled with suitable sound absorbing material mentioned above.
  • the resonant membrane 5 is arranged on one surface of the cavity resonator, nevertheless in not shown embodiments the same or different resonant membrane 5 can be arranged on both opposing surfaces of the cavity resonator, whereby at least on one of its surfaces a plurality of resonant membranes 5 can be arranged, the resonant membranes being either in contact or being separated from each other by at least one layer of suitable material, such as textile, a grid, a net, an air gap, etc.
  • suitable material such as textile, a grid, a net, an air gap, etc.
  • Arranged further on the surface 31 of the base 3 and/or in its proximity can be not shownsupport layer, which encloses the cavities of the resonators from this side, and, as the case may be, it also contributes to sound absorption.
  • Fig. 6 shows a graph of the sound absorption coefficient ⁇ in dependence on frequency of sound for sound absorbing means which comprises cavity resonator formed by paper honeycomb with the dimension of the mesh of 9 mm, on which on its whole surface is arranged and fixedly attached resonant membrane 5 formed by layer of polymeric nanofibers made from polyamide having surface weight of 0,2 g.m -2 , which is over the whole surface overlapped by covering layer 53 composed of non-woven textile with surface weight of 20 g.m -2 .
  • the total thickness of the sound absorbing means is 18 mm.
  • the sound absorption coefficient ⁇ of this sound absorbing means is greater than mere sum of sound absorption coefficients ⁇ of the separate components (V - cavity resonator, VO - cavity resonator with covering layer).
  • the sound absorption coefficient ⁇ in this embodiment achieves values that are higher than 0,6 for sounds with frequencies approximately from 950 Hz and for sounds with higher frequency approximates its value to 1.
  • Fig. 7 shows a graph of sound absorption coefficients ⁇ in dependence on the frequency of sound for separate plastic board having diameter of orifices of 5 mm and spacing between orifices of 10 mm, which is 25 mm from the surface 31 of the base 3 (i.e. separate Helmholtz resonator) - the grey curve, as well as for sound absorbing means comprising this resonator, whose surface is overlapped by acoustic resonant membrane 5 formed by layer of nanofibers from polyamide 6 (PA6) having surface weight of 12,5 g.m -2 , which is laminated onto the plastic board - the black curve.
  • PA6 polyamide 6
  • a Helmholtz resonator where the space between the board and the surface 31 of the support 3 is filled with the above described polyurethane foam - the dark grey curve, and for the sound absorbing means comprising this resonator with a filling, the surface of the resonator being overlapped by acoustic resonant membrane 5 formed by layer of nanofibers from polyamide 6 (PA6) having surface wieight of 12.5 g.m -2 , which is laminated onto the plastic board.
  • PA6 polyamide 6
  • the sound absorbing means according to the invention can be used, for example, for the production of acoustic bodies, interior blinds, wallpapers, tiling, ceilings, screens, curtains and separating walls for interiors, or, as the case may be, segment or profile elements for the transportation industry (e.g. door panels, fender shields, paneling of hood or engine compartment or a cabin), materials for noise reduction for noisy devices, for the production of earphones, etc.
  • segment or profile elements for the transportation industry e.g. door panels, fender shields, paneling of hood or engine compartment or a cabin
  • materials for noise reduction for noisy devices for the production of earphones, etc.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif d'absorption acoustique comprenant deux membranes de résonnance (5) adaptées à atténuer les sons de basse fréquence, au moins une plaque perforée (4) comprenant au moins une ouverture (41) et une cavité (1) ; - cette plaque perforée (4) forme un résonateur à cavité ; - au moins une membrane de résonance (5) est constituée d'une couche de nanofibres de polymère qui absorbe les sons à basse fréquence par friction dans sa structure fibreuse interne ; - les membranes de résonance (5) sont disposées et montées de manière fixe sur les deux surfaces opposées du résonateur à cavité adapté à absorber les sons à haute fréquence ; - une membrane de résonance (5) chevauche au moins une ouverture (41) menant dans la cavité (1) du résonateur à cavité et la partie de la membrane de résonance (5) chevauchant au moins une ouverture (41) forme une surface résonante séparée.
  2. Dispositif d'absorption acoustique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sur l'une des membranes de résonance (5) est monté un autre résonateur à cavité adapté à atténuer les sons à haute fréquence.
  3. Dispositif d'absorption acoustique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une autre membrane de résonance (5) comprenant une couche de nanofibres de polymère qui absorbe les sons à basse fréquence par friction dans sa structure fibreuse interne est montée de manière fixe sur l'autre résonateur à cavité, tandis que cette membrane de résonance chevauche au moins une ouverture (41) menant dans la cavité (1) de cet autre résonateur à cavité.
  4. Dispositif d'absorption acoustique selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'autre résonateur à cavité adapté à atténuer les sons à haute fréquence est un résonateur du groupe constitué d'un résonateur à cavité de Helmholtz, un résonateur à cavité en nid d'abeille, un résonateur à cavité constitué par un panneau/une plaque perforé(e) avec au moins une cavité.
  5. Dispositif d'absorption acoustique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la membrane de résonance (5) est pourvue d'un renforcement du groupe constitué d'une grille, d'une maille, d'une couche de tissu, d'un réseau de points et/ou de formations linéaires et/ou planes de matériau à l'état solide.
  6. Dispositif d'absorption acoustique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la surface de la membrane de résonance (5) opposée au résonateur à cavité dispose d'une couche de recouvrement (53) du groupe constitué d'une grille, d'une maille, d'une couche de tissu, de mousse, d'une couche de matériau de construction léger, d'une couche de papier, d'une couche de carton, d'une couche de contreplaqué, d'une couche d'aggloméré, d'une couche de placage, d'une couche de bois, ou d'une combinaison de celles-ci.
  7. Dispositif d'absorption acoustique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une cavité du résonateur à cavité est au moins partiellement remplie d'un matériau d'absorption acoustique du groupe constitué d'aérogel, de matériau comprenant de l'aérogel comme l'un de ses composants, de nanofibres de polymère, d'une couche de nanofibres de polymère, de matériau contenant des nanofibres de polymère ou une couche de nanofibres de polymère comme l'un de ses composants, d'une couche de fibres, d'une couche formée par fusion-soufflage (meltblown), de mousse, d'un nuage de gaz, d'un film à bulles, de granulat de polymère, du liquide, d'un composite, de fibres, de brins de matériau fibreux, y compris une couche de nanofibres de polymère, de touffes de nanofibres, de fragments de couches de nanofibres, de bourres de papier, de fragments de papier, de vermiculite, de copeaux de bois et/ou sciure de bois, de perlite, de copeaux de paille et/ou d'arête, de plumes, de sable, de perles ou autres formes de polystyrène, ou des combinaisons de ceux-ci.
EP14705963.8A 2013-01-18 2014-01-16 Moyens d'absorption phonique contenant au moins un résonateur à cavité Active EP2875506B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2013-35A CZ304657B6 (cs) 2013-01-18 2013-01-18 Zvukově pohltivý prostředek obsahující alespoň jeden dutinový rezonátor
PCT/CZ2014/000008 WO2014111068A2 (fr) 2013-01-18 2014-01-16 Moyens d'absorption phonique contenant au moins un résonateur à cavité

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EP2875506A2 EP2875506A2 (fr) 2015-05-27
EP2875506B1 true EP2875506B1 (fr) 2021-11-10

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US9850657B2 (en) 2016-02-25 2017-12-26 Steelcase Inc. Acoustic panel for partition wall assembly
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EP3605526B1 (fr) * 2017-03-28 2021-08-04 FUJIFILM Corporation Structure d'insonorisation
JP6889636B2 (ja) * 2017-08-24 2021-06-18 株式会社日立製作所 鉄道車両
US10726824B2 (en) * 2017-09-29 2020-07-28 The Boeing Company Composite sound absorption panel assembly
CN108269564A (zh) * 2018-03-11 2018-07-10 西北工业大学 一种由开孔型多孔玻璃与气囊构成的隔声耳罩
CN108257589A (zh) * 2018-03-11 2018-07-06 西北工业大学 一种具有高吸声性能的无骨架轻质气囊
CN108417195B (zh) * 2018-06-13 2023-11-10 山东理工大学 一种基于共振腔的中低频吸声超材料结构
CN110619865B (zh) * 2019-10-09 2023-08-15 西北工业大学 一种具有优异吸声性能的薄膜多空腔材料
WO2021142555A1 (fr) * 2020-01-14 2021-07-22 Valenzuela Gutierrez Felipe Andres Revêtement absorbant acoustique
CN114248501A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2022-03-29 华为技术有限公司 壳体、振动组件及车辆
CN113940278A (zh) * 2021-10-19 2022-01-18 青岛万慧源环保科技有限公司 一种用于畜禽养殖的有机垫料及其使用方法

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WO2014111068A3 (fr) 2014-11-27
CZ201335A3 (cs) 2014-08-20
WO2014111068A2 (fr) 2014-07-24
EP2875506A2 (fr) 2015-05-27
CZ304657B6 (cs) 2014-08-20

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