EP2871286B1 - Mouton de battage de pieux - Google Patents

Mouton de battage de pieux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2871286B1
EP2871286B1 EP13192594.3A EP13192594A EP2871286B1 EP 2871286 B1 EP2871286 B1 EP 2871286B1 EP 13192594 A EP13192594 A EP 13192594A EP 2871286 B1 EP2871286 B1 EP 2871286B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
primary fuel
piston
nozzle
ignition oil
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13192594.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2871286A1 (fr
Inventor
Leopold Jerch
Matthias Heichel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delmag GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Delmag GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP13192594.3A priority Critical patent/EP2871286B1/fr
Priority to US14/533,168 priority patent/US9759124B2/en
Priority to CN201410633571.9A priority patent/CN104631457B/zh
Publication of EP2871286A1 publication Critical patent/EP2871286A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2871286B1 publication Critical patent/EP2871286B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B11/00—Engines characterised by both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or characterised by both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders
    • F02B11/02—Engines characterised by both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or characterised by both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders convertible from fuel-air mixture compression to air compression or vice versa
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/12—Drivers with explosion chambers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/12—Drivers with explosion chambers
    • E02D7/125—Diesel drivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D9/10—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a built-in internal-combustion engine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hammer, comprising a cylinder, a displaceably guided in the cylinder piston and slidably guided in the cylinder hammer head according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating a pile driver according to claim. 9
  • Ramming hammers which are regularly operated in the prior art with diesel, which is why they are also referred to as diesel rams, diesel hammers or diesel bears, especially for foundation work of the construction industry for driving piles of all kinds, such as concrete pillars, iron supports, sheet piling or the like in a building ground Commitment.
  • the piston is pulled upwards by means of a notching device inside the cylinder and disengaged at a certain height, whereby it falls down on the striking piece under the action of gravity.
  • a fuel pump is actuated by the piston, via which one or more injection nozzles supply fuel, in particular diesel oil.
  • fuel in particular diesel oil.
  • the piston is hurled upward again for a new working cycle; at the same time the pile is driven over the hammer in the ground.
  • Advantages of the high-pressure injection are the good, relatively residue-free combustion, a good starting behavior of the diesel hammer and a good pile action on soft soil layers.
  • the fuel at the beginning of the compression process at a lower pressure in the form of a fuel jet introduced into the combustion chamber and is then first as a fuel surface on the upper face of the hammer.
  • the air in the combustion chamber is compressed by the falling piston until it strikes the hammer.
  • the liquid fuel is atomized by the impinging piston surface and ignites in this state in the hot compressed air.
  • the piston is then thrown upwards by the explosion, whereupon another cycle of work can begin.
  • the piston Until it hits the striking piece, the piston is only braked in its case by the air in the combustion chamber and compressed by it. This means that the kinetic energy of the piston is transferred to a large extent to the striking piece, whereby at the same weight of the piston significantly higher impact forces can be exerted on the pile material than is the case with the high-pressure injection.
  • the impact of the piston on the hammer occurs in time before the combustion of the fuel.
  • Diesel hammers that use low pressure fuel injection are less well suited for use with low ground drag.
  • the compression is reduced due to the lower resistance of the soil, because even the building up compression pressure is transmitted via the downwardly moving hammer on the Rammgut.
  • the combustion chamber is actually enlarged, which in turn is at the expense of the compression pressure. Combustion therefore only proceeds with reduced quality in soft soils, which can lead to undesirable residues (soot, unburned fuel in the combustion gases) which pollute the environment.
  • An advantage of the impact atomization is that the kinetic energy of the piston is used effectively, since the piston strikes hard on the hammer.
  • a diesel hammer with impact atomization is less likely to overheat, is less prone to failure, and easier to operate than a high-pressure injection diesel hammer.
  • WO 2006/072297 A1 is a diesel hammer described in which the diesel oil can be injected either as atomized fuel mist (high-pressure injection) and / or as a fuel jet (low-pressure injection) in the combustion chamber.
  • This diesel hammer has proven itself in practice. In this diesel hammer it is possible to operate it in soft ground conditions with high-pressure injection, but in hard soil layers with low-pressure injection or impact atomization. Thus, an adjustment of the efficiency of the diesel hammer while optimizing the combustion, which also depends in part on the soil resistance, soft or hard layers of the soil is guaranteed.
  • the invention aims to remedy this situation.
  • the invention is based on the object to improve a pile hammer of the aforementioned type with the same function and reliability of the fuel combustion process and to avoid the formation of combustion residues. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a pile hammer with the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
  • a pile hammer of the aforementioned type is created in which improves the function and reliability of the fuel combustion process and the formation of combustion residues is avoided.
  • a Primärzu pilzu211 landmark is arranged, comprising a connected to a high-resistance fuel having a primary fuel tank, designed as a high-pressure injector primary fuel nozzle and a Zündölzu1700 landmark is arranged, which comprises a connected to an ignition oil having Zündöltank connected, designed as a low-pressure injector Zündöldüse, a well-defined combustion process can be achieved.
  • the primary fuel can be introduced at the beginning of the compression stroke, whereby more time is available for the mixture formation and evaporation of the primary fuel.
  • the ignition of the primary fuel takes place by autoignition of the ignition oil, the ignition of which takes place exactly at the time of impact of the piston on the hammer, so always at the optimum time.
  • any suitable fuel with high anti-knocking properties in particular ethanol, natural gas, LPG, biogas, premium gasoline or E85 can be used.
  • the ignition oil may be any suitable fuel which is self-igniting by means of the combustion air heated by compression, such as diesel oil, heating oil, biodiesel or kerosene.
  • the Zündöldüse is designed such that the ignition oil can be applied in the form of a jet on the hammer. As a result, a puddle formation is achieved on the hammer, whereby a premature self-ignition is counteracted.
  • the primary fuel nozzle is preferably designed such that the primary fuel in the form of an atomized fuel spray can be introduced into the combustion chamber. The design of the primary fuel and Zündöldüsen must be matched to the primary fuel used.
  • the primary fuel nozzle is arranged such that the fuel mist is orthogonal to the direction of movement of the piston in the vicinity of the end face in the combustion chamber can be introduced. As a result, a homogeneous distribution of the primary fuel-air mixture is achieved.
  • the primary fuel nozzle and the Zündöldüse are arranged at different vertical distances from the hammer.
  • the Zündöldüse is preferably arranged above the primary fuel nozzle seen from the hammer piece ago. In this way, initially the jet-shaped introduction of a Zündölpfütze done on the hammer, after which takes place with increasing compression of the air, the injection of the primary fuel. As a result, premature self-ignition of the ignition oil is counteracted further.
  • the primary fuel nozzle and the Zündöldüse are each connected to a pump device which are controllable by the falling piston, wherein preferably at least one of the pump means comprises a pump plunger which protrudes into the cylinder and is designed such that it by sweeping the piston when falling a pump device operated by the injection process is initiated.
  • the invention is further based on the object to provide a method for operating a piling hammer of the aforementioned type, which allows an improvement of the fuel combustion process while avoiding the formation of combustion residues with the same function and reliability of the hammer. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 9.
  • a method for operating a pile hammer of the aforementioned type which allows an improvement of the fuel combustion process while avoiding the formation of combustion residues with the same function and reliability of the hammer.
  • the ignition of the primary fuel-air mixture takes place only when the piston by the spontaneous ignition of the ignition oil, a good homogenization of the primary fuel-air mixture is effected, whereby an optimal combustion is promoted.
  • primary fuel and ignition oil are preferably introduced into the combustion chamber at different times.
  • a small amount of ignition oil is sprayed onto the striking piece, whereby a Zündölpfwitze is formed, after which the primary fuel is introduced in the form of an atomized fuel spray into the combustion chamber, before the located on the hammer piece Zündöl atomized by the impact of the piston on the hammer and is ignited.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of a piling hammer.
  • the hammer chosen as an exemplary embodiment comprises a cylinder 1 which is open on both sides and which can regularly have a length of 3 to 8 meters and a diameter of 0.2 to 1.5 meters.
  • a piston 2 is slidably disposed in the cylinder 1 a.
  • a coaxial to this impact piece 3 engages slidably in the open lower end of the cylinder 1 a.
  • an annular bearing unit 9 is fixed, in which a middle shaft portion 31 of the hammering piece 3 is guided tightly and displaceably, which has a relation to the inner diameter of the cylinder 1 reduced outer diameter.
  • the pile hammer is mounted on the cylinder 1 arranged guide jaws 13 along a Switzerland cartiklers 8 vertically.
  • a striking plate 32 located below the cylinder 1, the outwardly directed lower convex boundary surface 33 cooperating in operation with the upper end of a driven-in pile material to be driven in.
  • a piston portion 34 is formed with a plurality of circumferential, axially spaced sealing rings which run on the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1.
  • a combustion chamber 12 is limited together with the underside of the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1.
  • the combustion chamber 12 of the cylinder 1 facing end face of the hammer 3 is ground flat with a shallow fuel well.
  • a damping ring 91 is arranged between the impact plate 32 of the hammer 3 and the bearing unit 9 of the cylinder 1.
  • a further damping ring 92 is arranged adjacent to the bearing unit 9 between the upper side of the bearing unit 9 and the underside of the piston portion 34 of the hammer 3.
  • a mass portion 22 is formed, which extends in the upper portion of the cylinder 1 inside.
  • a primary fuel supply 4 comprising a primary fuel pump 41 which is connected via a conduit to a primary fuel nozzle 42 in the form of a high pressure injector.
  • the primary fuel pump 41 is fed via a primary fuel tank 45 with a high anti-knock fuel, in this case ethanol.
  • ethanol for example, natural gas, LPG, biogas premium gasoline or E85 (gasoline-ethanol mixture with 85 percent ethanol content) can be used.
  • the primary fuel pump 41 which is connected to the primary fuel tank 45 via a line, has a prestressed pump lever 44 projecting into the interior of the cylinder 1, via which it is driven when the falling piston 2 passes.
  • the primary fuel supply device 4, in particular its primary fuel nozzle 42, is designed and aligned such that the discharged primary fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 12 essentially as a finely atomized mist.
  • an ignition oil pump 51 which is driven by a biased into the interior of the cylinder 1 pump lever 54 upon falling of the piston 2, conveyor side connected via a line with a formed as a low-pressure injection nozzle Zündöldüse 52 and forms with this an Zündölzu classroom
  • the Zündölpumpe 51 communicates with a filled with Zündöl used as diesel oil Zündöltank.
  • the Zündölzu slaughterfish issued 5 is axially spaced from the Primärzufstoffzu slaughterfish issued 4 towards the upper end of the cylinder 1 and arranged in the peripheral wall of the cylinder 1.
  • Your Zündöldüse 52 is formed and aligned such that the discharged ignition oil is injected in the form of a substantially continuous jet 53 approximately centrally on the end face of the hammer 3.
  • a lubricant pump 7 is arranged on the cylinder 1, which is connected to distributed in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 1 lubricant nozzles. Through the lubricant nozzles lubricant between the piston 2 and the inner circumferential surface 11 of the cylinder 1 is given.
  • the pile hammer described above operates as follows: In the initial state, the piston 2 is raised via the - not shown - release device in an upper position. After notching it falls from there under the action of gravity down, closes the working socket 16 and actuates with its end face 21 successively the pump lever 54, 44 of the Zündölzulite adopted 5 and the Primärzu pizulite Anlagen 4. This is initially a jet-shaped application of a small amount of ignition oil on the Schlag Biology 3, which forms a puddle there. Subsequently, the primary fuel, in this case ethanol, is atomized via the primary fuel nozzle 42 into the combustion chamber 12, which is thus mixed with air and compressed via the falling piston 2. Upon impact of the piston 2 on the hammer 3, the Zündölpfütze is atomized and self-ignited, whereby the ignition of the compressed primary fuel-air mixture 6 takes place.
  • the primary fuel in this case ethanol

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Marteau de battage de pieux comprenant un cylindre (1), un piston (2) guidé de manière coulissante dans le cylindre (1), une pièce de frappe (3) guidée de manière coulissante dans le cylindre (1), pièce qui est agencée en-dessous du piston (2) lorsque le marteau de battage de pieux se trouve en position de service, une chambre de combustion (12) limitée axialement par une surface frontale (30) de la pièce de frappe (3) se trouvant à l'intérieur du cylindre (1) et par une surface frontale (21) du piston (2), ainsi qu'au moins par un dispositif d'amenée du carburant par lequel il est possible d'introduire, lors de chaque cycle de travail, une quantité spécifiée de carburant dans la chambre de combustion (12), sachant qu'est agencé un dispositif (4) d'amenée de carburant primaire, lequel dispositif comprend une buse (42) de carburant primaire réalisée sous forme d'injecteur haute pression relié à un réservoir (45) qui contient un carburant à haut pouvoir détonant, caractérisé en ce qu'en outre est agencé un dispositif (5) d'amenée d'huile d'allumage comprenant une buse (52) d'huile d'allumage réalisée sous la forme d'un injecteur basse pression relié à un réservoir qui contient de l'huile d'allumage.
  2. Mouton de battage de pieux selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (52) d'huile d'allumage est configuré de sorte que cette huile soit applicable sous forme de jet sur la pièce de frappe (3).
  3. Mouton de battage de pieux selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (42) de carburant primaire est configuré de sorte que le carburant primaire puisse être introduit dans la chambre de combustion (12) forme de brouillard de carburant atomisé.
  4. Mouton de battage de pieux selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (42) de carburant primaire est agencé de sorte que le brouillard de carburant puisse être introduit dans la chambre de combustion (12) perpendiculairement au sens de déplacement du piston (2) à proximité de la surface frontale (30) de la pièce de frappe (3).
  5. Mouton de battage de pieux selon l'une des revendications, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (42) de carburant primaire et l'injecteur (52) d'huile d'allumage sont agencés à des distances verticales différentes de la pièce de frappe (3).
  6. Mouton de battage de pieux selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (52) d'huile d'allumage est agencé, lorsque observé depuis la pièce de frappe (3), au-dessus de l'injecteur (42) de carburant primaire.
  7. Mouton de battage de pieux selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (42) de carburant primaire et l'injecteur (52) d'huile d'allumage sont reliés avec des dispositifs de pompe (41, 51) respectifs pilotables par le piston (2) en train de chuter.
  8. Mouton de battage de pieux selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des dispositifs de pompe (41, 51) présente un levier de pompe (44, 54) faisant saillie dans le cylindre (1) et configuré de telle sorte que lorsque le piston (2) frotte dessus dans sa chute, il actionne un dispositif de pompe (41, 51) qui déclenche la séquence d'injection.
  9. Procédé pour exploiter un mouton de battage de pieux selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'à chaque cycle de travail la chute du piston (2) actionne une pompe à carburant par laquelle le carburant primaire à haut pouvoir détonant pénètre dans la chambre de combustion (12) via une buse (42) à carburant primaire configurée en injecteur haute pression, ce qui a pour effet de former un mélange (6) d'air et de carburant primaire dans la chambre de combustion (12), et d'actionner une pompe (51) à huile d'allumage à travers laquelle une petite quantité de cette huile est pulvérisée sur la pièce de frappe (3) via une buse (52) à huile d'allumage réalisée sous forme d'injecteur basse pression, ce après quoi, lorsque le piston (2) percute la pièce de frappe (3), l'huile d'allumage est atomisée et prend feu, ce qui provoque l'allumage du mélange (6) de carburant primaire et d'air.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le carburant primaire et l'huile d'allumage ne sont pas introduits au même moment dans la chambre de combustion (12).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que dans un premier temps une faible quantité d'huile d'allumage est pulvérisée sur la pièce de frappe (3), ce qui crée une flaque d'huile d'allumage, et qu'ensuite le carburant primaire est introduit dans la chambre de combustion (12) sous la forme d'un brouillard de carburant atomisé avant que l'huile d'allumage se trouvant sur la pièce de frappe (3) ne soit atomisée et allumée lorsque le piston (2) percute la pièce de frappe (3).
EP13192594.3A 2013-11-12 2013-11-12 Mouton de battage de pieux Not-in-force EP2871286B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13192594.3A EP2871286B1 (fr) 2013-11-12 2013-11-12 Mouton de battage de pieux
US14/533,168 US9759124B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2014-11-05 Pile hammer
CN201410633571.9A CN104631457B (zh) 2013-11-12 2014-11-12 打桩锤

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13192594.3A EP2871286B1 (fr) 2013-11-12 2013-11-12 Mouton de battage de pieux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2871286A1 EP2871286A1 (fr) 2015-05-13
EP2871286B1 true EP2871286B1 (fr) 2016-03-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13192594.3A Not-in-force EP2871286B1 (fr) 2013-11-12 2013-11-12 Mouton de battage de pieux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US9759124B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2871286B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104631457B (fr)

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CN112900434A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-04 武汉理工大学 一种海上风电桩安装装置
CN113513010B (zh) * 2021-06-23 2023-01-20 国网河北省电力有限公司邢台供电分公司 内爆式夯击机构及内爆式强夯机
CN113585258B (zh) * 2021-08-13 2022-09-30 武汉理工大学 一种基于水锤效应的打桩装置及采用此打桩装置的桩
CN114059539B (zh) * 2021-12-27 2023-06-09 湖北航天化学技术研究所 一种具有自备固体燃料的打桩装置
CN116164010B (zh) * 2023-04-26 2023-07-21 临工重机股份有限公司 液压打桩锤的控制方法、其控制系统及打桩机
CN117802986B (zh) * 2024-03-01 2024-06-14 江苏康电工程科技有限公司 一种锤击夯扩灌注桩施工用导杆式打桩锤

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2871286A1 (fr) 2015-05-13
CN104631457A (zh) 2015-05-20
US20150128900A1 (en) 2015-05-14
US9759124B2 (en) 2017-09-12
CN104631457B (zh) 2018-10-19

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