EP2865946B1 - Dispositif de détermination d'un courant d'ionisation d'une flamme - Google Patents

Dispositif de détermination d'un courant d'ionisation d'une flamme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2865946B1
EP2865946B1 EP14186971.9A EP14186971A EP2865946B1 EP 2865946 B1 EP2865946 B1 EP 2865946B1 EP 14186971 A EP14186971 A EP 14186971A EP 2865946 B1 EP2865946 B1 EP 2865946B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
manipulated variable
pwm
control device
input
ionization current
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Application number
EP14186971.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2865946A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Krieger
Hartmut Birr
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/12—Flame sensors with flame rectification current detecting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for determining a lonisationsstroms a flame.
  • the invention further relates to a method for determining an ionization current of a flame.
  • ionization circuits for detecting an ionization current which are used for flame detection via an ionization electrode in order to report a level of the ionization current to a higher-level automatic burner control, are usually very complex and complex circuits.
  • CMS controlled combustion systems
  • said circuits may be formed as two-stage amplifiers or as logarithmic amplifiers capable of processing a very large portion of the ionization current.
  • DE 10 2010 001 307 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for ionization current based flame detection.
  • a first measurement voltage for generating a first ionization current at an ionization electrode of the flame monitoring system is generated in a first operating state of the burner
  • a second measurement voltage for generating a second ionization current is generated at the ionization electrode of the flame monitoring system in a second operating state of the burner
  • Measuring voltage and the second measuring voltage is generated by a device for generating a measuring voltage of the flame monitoring system, which is adapted to vary the generated measuring voltage, wherein the device for generating the measuring voltage generated Measuring voltage from the first measuring voltage to the second measuring voltage changes when the burner changes from the first operating state to the second operating state.
  • EP 1 300 632 A2 discloses a gas burner with flame monitoring.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a simple apparatus for detecting an ionization current of a flame.
  • the object is achieved according to a first aspect with a device according to claim 1.
  • an input sensitivity of the amplifier is controlled independently of the actual value of the ionization current to a maximum value, so that a sensitivity of the amplifier in each phase of the ionisationsstroms is used as possible.
  • the amplifier is thus able to detect a very large portion of the ionization current.
  • the object is achieved with a method according to claim 6.
  • a bypass device can be actuated by means of the control device, wherein the bypass device can be supplied with a manipulated variable of the control device by means of which a bypass current to the ionization current and an electrical input voltage of the amplifier device can be generated, wherein the input voltage by means of the manipulated variable to a substantially constant value is controllable.
  • the device is characterized in that the bypass device has a parallel connection with a resistor and a capacitor, wherein the manipulated variable is designed as a pulse width modulated voltage, wherein the manipulated variable can be regulated to a substantially constant PWM ratio.
  • the ionization current can be detected by means of a high input sensitivity of the amplifier.
  • the aim is to control the amplifier very constantly to a sensitive operating point.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the manipulated variable of the bypass device can be fed by means of a first optocoupler. This way, a simple technical Supply of the manipulated variable in the bypass circuit of the amplifier device accomplished.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the amplifier device has at least one transistor, wherein the electrical input voltage dropping across the resistor can be supplied to one input of the transistor, wherein an output of the transistor is connected via a second optocoupler to an input of the regulating device ,
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the amplifier device has a field-effect transistor or two bipolar transistors connected in a Darlington circuit. In this way, two different different technically simple possibilities for realizing a high-sensitivity amplifier device are advantageously provided.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the manipulated variable can be processed as an ionization signal by means of the regulating device.
  • corresponding actions for controlling the burning process or the flame can be initiated, for example, by a higher-level burner control unit of a gas appliance or an oil burner.
  • FIG Fig. 1 A basic block diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus 100 according to the invention for determining an ionization current of a flame is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown.
  • the device 100 comprises an amplifier device 10 with an input E and an output A.
  • a flame 40 with a basic electrical resistance in the G ⁇ range is electrically connected to the input E of the amplifier device 10, whereby an electrical voltage drop corresponding to a flame ionization current is generated ,
  • the output A of the amplifier device 10 is fed to an input of a control device 20.
  • the control device 20 comprises a computer device (not shown), for example in the form of a microcontroller.
  • a bypass device 30 is controlled, which controls a sensitivity of the input E of the amplifier device 10 such that the sensitivity of the input E is substantially independent of the lonisationsstrom the flame 40 as high as possible.
  • an ionization current of the flame 40 which has a large range of variation due to the system, can be determined as accurately as possible by means of the amplifier device 10 over the aforementioned electrical voltage drop over the entire operating range.
  • a "cold" Flame 40 generally has a low ionization current, whereas a "hot” flame 40 has a very large ionization current I 1 , wherein a fluctuation range of the ionization current I 1 can be between about 100nA and about 100 ⁇ A.
  • Fig. 2 shows a basic detailed circuit diagram of an embodiment of the inventive device 100.
  • the amplifier device 10 is formed in principle as a transistor.
  • the transistor is preferably highly sensitive and should also be able to detect electrical currents in the nA range.
  • the transistor may be formed as a field-effect transistor (FET) or as a Darlington circuit of two bipolar transistors (not shown).
  • FET field-effect transistor
  • a connected in an input circuit of the transistor lonisationsstrom-measuring resistor R1 in the order of about 2M ⁇ is provided to generate an electrical measurement voltage UM, which represents a size of a ionization current I 1 through the flame 40.
  • the flame 40 is connected via a refractory electrode 50 electrically via a resistor R3 in the order of about 0.5 M ⁇ in an input circuit of the amplifier device 10.
  • the resistor R3 and the flame 40 are traversed by the ionization current I 1 .
  • the entire circuit is powered by a 230V / 50Hz AC voltage, whereby the rectifier effect of the flame 40 is utilized and the ionization current I 1 is driven by the flame 40.
  • the alternating voltage Also conceivable are smaller values of the alternating voltage, wherein a sufficient voltage level for generating the ionization current I 1 by the flame 40 is to be provided.
  • a manipulated variable in the form of a pulse width modulated signal PWM 1 generated by the control device 20 and a first optocoupler Q1 is supplied, whereby the capacitor C1 is temporarily discharged according to a PWM ratio of the pulse width modulated signal PWM 1 , thereby smoothing the electrical Measuring voltage UM causes.
  • the capacitor C1 is then recharged.
  • a substantially constant electrical voltage UM which should preferably have a constant PWM ratio or a constant duty cycle in a range from approximately 2 ms to approximately 3 ms, always drops across the resistor R 1 and the capacitor C 1.
  • An optimum value for the mentioned duty cycle is preferably determined in advance and stored in the computer device of the control device 20.
  • the first pulse width modulated signal PWM 1 is designed such that a sensitivity of the transistor is as high as possible, or the input E is controlled to a high sensitivity as possible operating point. In this way, a changing ionisation current I 1 can be compensated for by the first pulse width modulated signal PWM 1 to a certain extent, wherein the pulse width modulated signal PWM 1 is a measure of a change in the ionization current I. 1 The higher the ionization current I 1 , the greater the pulse width of the manipulated variable PWM 1 .
  • the amplifier device 10 outputs at an output via a second optocoupler Q2 a pulse-modulated signal PWM 2 , which is an image of the electrical measuring voltage UM at the resistor R1 and which is guided to an input of the control device 20.
  • a software program is preferably executed, which takes over the generation of the first pulse-width modulated signal PWM 1 based on the pulse width modulated signal PWM 2 fed from the output of the amplifier device 10.
  • a very large range for the ionization current I 1 can be determined by a large range of the duty cycle of the pulse-width-modulated signal PWM 1 in the order of magnitude of approximately 1: 10,000. It is generated in this way by means of the pulse width modulated signal PWM 1, a bypass current parallel to the resistor R1, which is dynamically controlled to a designated operating point of the amplifier device 10.
  • the actual size of the ionization current I 1 results from the manipulated variable of the control device 20 in the form of the pulse-width-modulated signal PWM 1 .
  • the amplifier device 10 can be designed in this way advantageously highly sensitive and can hardly be overridden or saturate thanks to the almost arbitrarily high bypass current.
  • a duty factor of the second pulse-width-modulated signal PWM 2 at the optocoupler Q2 is such that a change of the ionization current I 1 is as far as possible visible with respect to the input of the amplifier device.
  • the pulse width modulated signal PWM 1 is regulated by the control device 20, for example in a range between about 2 ms and about 4 ms.
  • a software program for adjusting the operating point of the amplifier device 10 can be easily modified or adapted to requirements.
  • a flexibility and modifiability of the device according to the invention is advantageously very high in this way.
  • the digital control device 20 can also be realized by means of an analog control circuit.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • a first step S1 the flame 40 is electrically connected to an input E of the amplifier device 10.
  • a manipulated variable PWM 1 is generated by means of the control device 20 from an output signal of the amplifier device 10.
  • a third step S3 the manipulated variable is supplied to the amplifier device 10 such that an input sensitivity of the amplifier device in Essentially independent of the ionization current is regulated to a maximum value.
  • a fourth step S4 the ionization current I 1 is determined from the manipulated variable PWM 1 .
  • an apparatus and a method are proposed with the present invention, which realizes a simple embodiment of a detection circuit for a lonisationsstrom a flame.
  • a bypass current is generated in parallel to the ionisationsstrom-measuring resistor, which is dynamically controlled to such an operating point at which the downstream amplifier transmits a constant low value. In this way it can be concluded from the manipulated variable to a flame size.
  • the first pulse-width modulated signal can assume a very high modulation or duty cycle, a change in the ionization current can be imaged very accurately by means of the first pulse-width-modulated signal PWM1 and thus detected.
  • the inventive concept it is advantageously possible to detect a peak in a time course of a carbon monoxide concentration, which is so inconspicuous that it can be detected only with a circuit with extremely large measuring range.
  • the said peak occurs upon ideal combustion (i.e., at a lambda value of one) and enters the ionization voltage, thereby having an effect on the ionization current.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Dispositif (100) destiné à déterminer un courant d'ionisation (I1) d'une flamme (40), comportant :
    - un dispositif amplificateur (10) ; et
    - un dispositif de régulation (20) ;
    - dans lequel la flamme (40) peut être connectée électriquement à une entrée (E) du dispositif amplificateur (10) ;
    - dans lequel une sensibilité d'entrée du dispositif amplificateur (10) peut être régulée à une valeur maximale au moyen du dispositif de régulation (20) sensiblement indépendamment du courant d'ionisation (I1) ;
    - dans lequel une grandeur du courant d'ionisation (I1) peut être déterminée à partir d'une grandeur de réglage du dispositif de régulation (20) ;
    et dans lequel le dispositif comporte un dispositif de dérivation (30),
    - dans lequel le dispositif de dérivation (30) peut être commandé au moyen du dispositif de régulation (20) ;
    - dans lequel une grandeur de réglage (PWM1) du dispositif de régulation (20) peut être délivrée au dispositif de dérivation (30), au moyen de laquelle un courant de dérivation (IB) destiné au courant d'ionisation (I1) et une tension d'entrée électrique (UM) du dispositif amplificateur (10) peuvent être générés ;
    - dans lequel la tension d'entrée (UM) peut être régulée à une valeur sensiblement constante au moyen de la grandeur de réglage (PWM1),
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de dérivation (30) comporte un montage en parallèle ayant une résistance (R1) et un condensateur (C1),
    et dans lequel le dispositif de régulation (20) est conçu de manière à ce que
    - la grandeur de réglage (PWM1) soit réalisée sous la forme d'une tension modulée en largeur d'impulsion, dans lequel la grandeur de réglage (PWM1) peut être régulée à un rapport PWM sensiblement constant.
  2. Dispositif (100) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la grandeur de réglage (PWM1) peut être délivrée au dispositif de dérivation (30) au moyen d'un premier coupleur optique (Q1).
  3. Dispositif (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif amplificateur (10) comporte au moins un transistor, dans lequel la tension d'entrée électrique (UM) s'abaissant aux bornes de la résistance (R1) peut être délivrée à une entrée du transistor, dans lequel une sortie du transistor est connectée par l'intermédiaire d'un second coupleur optique (Q2) à une entrée du dispositif de régulation (20).
  4. Dispositif (100) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif amplificateur (10) comporte un transistor à effet de champ ou deux transistors bipolaires connectés en montage Arlington.
  5. Dispositif (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la grandeur de réglage (PWM1) peut être traitée en tant que signal d'ionisation au moyen du dispositif de régulation (20).
  6. Procédé destiné à déterminer un courant d'ionisation (I1) d'une flamme (40) au moyen d'un dispositif amplificateur (10) et d'un dispositif de régulation (20), comportant les étapes consistant à :
    - connecter électriquement la flamme (40) à une entrée du dispositif amplificateur (10) ;
    - générer une grandeur de réglage (PWM1) au moyen du dispositif de régulation (20) à partir d'un signal de sortie du dispositif amplificateur (10) ;
    - délivrer la grandeur de réglage (PWM1) au dispositif amplificateur (10) de manière à ce qu'une sensibilité d'entrée du dispositif amplificateur (10) soit régulée à une valeur maximale sensiblement indépendamment du courant d'ionisation (I1) ; et
    - déterminer le courant d'ionisation (I1) à partir de la grandeur de réglage (PWM1) ;
    - déterminer une tension de mesure électrique (UM) aux bornes d'une résistance (R1) à une entrée du dispositif amplificateur (10) ;
    - établir la grandeur de réglage (PWM1) en tant que premier signal modulé en largeur d'impulsion ; et
    - appliquer la grandeur de réglage (PWM1) à l'entrée du dispositif amplificateur (10) avec un montage en parallèle constitué d'une résistance (R1) et d'un condensateur (C1) de manière à ce que la tension d'entrée électrique (UM) soit régulée à une valeur sensiblement constante indépendamment du courant d'ionisation (I1).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel un signal de sortie du dispositif amplificateur (10) est fourni à une entrée du dispositif de régulation (20) au moyen d'un second coupleur optique (Q2).
  8. Produit de programme informatique comportant des moyens à code de programme destinés à mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 7 lorsqu'il est exécuté sur un dispositif de régulation électronique (20) ou est stocké sur un support de données lisible par ordinateur.
EP14186971.9A 2013-10-23 2014-09-30 Dispositif de détermination d'un courant d'ionisation d'une flamme Active EP2865946B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201310221511 DE102013221511A1 (de) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln eines Ionisationsstroms einer Flamme

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2865946A1 EP2865946A1 (fr) 2015-04-29
EP2865946B1 true EP2865946B1 (fr) 2016-09-21

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DE (1) DE102013221511A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1910830A1 (de) * 1968-07-08 1970-04-09 Kromschroeder Ag G Wechselstromgespeistes Steuergeraet fuer die Flammenueberwachung in Feuerungen
DE4122636C2 (de) * 1991-07-09 1999-08-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Flamme
DE10023273A1 (de) * 2000-05-12 2001-11-15 Siemens Building Tech Ag Messeinrichtung für eine Flamme
DE10149383C2 (de) * 2001-10-06 2003-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gasbrenner mit einer Flammenüberwachung
DE102010001307B4 (de) 2010-01-28 2013-12-24 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur auf Ionisationsstrommessung basierenden Flammenerkennung sowie Flammenüberwachungssystem

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EP2865946A1 (fr) 2015-04-29
DE102013221511A1 (de) 2015-04-23

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