EP2865854A1 - Dispositif et procédé de démarrage fiable de systèmes ORC - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de démarrage fiable de systèmes ORC Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2865854A1
EP2865854A1 EP20130189918 EP13189918A EP2865854A1 EP 2865854 A1 EP2865854 A1 EP 2865854A1 EP 20130189918 EP20130189918 EP 20130189918 EP 13189918 A EP13189918 A EP 13189918A EP 2865854 A1 EP2865854 A1 EP 2865854A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
evaporator
condenser
working medium
bypass valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20130189918
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2865854B1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Aumann
Asim Celik
Andreas Grill
Jens-Patrick Springer
Daniela Gewald
Andreas Schuster
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Orcan Energy AG
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Orcan Energy AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Orcan Energy AG filed Critical Orcan Energy AG
Priority to EP13189918.9A priority Critical patent/EP2865854B1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2014/072393 priority patent/WO2015059069A1/fr
Priority to CN201480058736.2A priority patent/CN105849371B/zh
Priority to US15/030,862 priority patent/US10247046B2/en
Priority to RU2016112366A priority patent/RU2661998C2/ru
Publication of EP2865854A1 publication Critical patent/EP2865854A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2865854B1 publication Critical patent/EP2865854B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/006—Auxiliaries or details not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours

Definitions

  • thermodynamic cycle device in particular an organic Rankine cycle device, comprising: a working medium; an evaporator for evaporating the working medium; an expansion machine for generating mechanical energy while relaxing the vaporized working medium; a condenser for condensing and possibly subcooling the working medium, in particular the working medium expanded in the expansion machine; and a pump for pumping the condensed working fluid to the evaporator during operation of the thermodynamic cycle device.
  • the invention further relates to a method for starting such a thermodynamic cycle device.
  • An ORC system consists of the following main components: A feed pump, which delivers the liquid working fluid to the evaporator under high pressure increase, an evaporator in which the working fluid is evaporated, an expansion machine in which the high pressure steam is expanded, thereby generating mechanical energy which can be converted to electrical energy via a generator and a condenser in which the low-pressure steam from the expansion machine is liquefied. From the condenser, the liquid working medium reaches the feed pump of the system via a possible storage container (feed container) and a suction line.
  • a second condition for the trouble-free pumping of working fluid through the pump is a sufficient flow height of the applied to the pump fluid (working fluid).
  • the flow height (NPSH) is a parameter that is influenced not only by the geodetic flow height but also by the thermodynamic state of the working fluid, which can be explained as follows. If the subcooling (the distance to the boiling point) of the fluid at the inlet of the pump is not sufficiently high, it can lead to a brief evaporation of the fluid at the pump inlet. This phenomenon can cause damage to the pump and partial or complete cessation of the flow. One speaks of cavitation. The distance to the boiling pressure of the fluid at the inlet of the pump is referred to as the flow height.
  • NPSH Net Positive Suction Head
  • NPSH r required, pump-specific
  • NPSH a adjacent flow height
  • the applied NPSH a value of several system and operation-specific parameters temperature, pressure due to geodetic flow height, saturation pressure, Inertgaspartial horr, the inert gas partial pressure additional partial pressure of a non-condensing gas, which may additionally be present in the circulation
  • the applied NPSH a value must always be above the required NPSH r value.
  • liquid condensate must be pumped with little or no distance to the boiling point and consequently a low applied NPSH a value. Since the required NPSH r value is determined by the pump design, this can only be influenced to a limited extent and it must be ensured at each operating time, in terms of process technology, that the applied NPSH a value does not fall below the required value.
  • Shutting down an ORC system for example, by eliminating / shutting off the heat source or by emergency shutdown of the system may result in uncontrolled distribution of working fluid in the system (eg in expansion machine, horizontal pipes or liquid bags), with the working fluid not flowing to the food container. This can lead to insufficient working fluid for the feed pump for the entire starting process Available.
  • the start-up process includes filling the evaporator, evaporation of working medium and thereby build up of pressure, starting the expansion machine and the beginning of condensation and thus return flow of working fluid to the feed pump.
  • the pump can be tempered even temporarily at the same ambient temperatures of the pump and condenser higher than the condenser.
  • NPSH a the applied flow height at the pump inlet
  • the object of the invention is at least partially overcome the disadvantages described above.
  • thermodynamic cycle device in particular ORC device, comprises a working medium; an evaporator for evaporation and optionally additional overheating of the working medium; an expansion machine for generating mechanical energy while relaxing the vaporized working medium; a condenser for condensing and optionally additional subcooling of the working medium, in particular of the working medium expanded in the expansion machine; and a pump for pumping the condensed working fluid to the evaporator in operation of the thermodynamic cycle apparatus, wherein the geometric arrangement of the evaporator is selected so that before starting the pump, the condensed working fluid from the condenser to flow by gravity to the evaporator and the working fluid in a closed circuit over the evaporator and the condenser can circulate, whereby in particular at least a predetermined minimum flow height of the liquid working medium can be provided to the pump.
  • the closed circuit (which at standstill shut-off devices, which could prevent the circulation are not closed) is constructed in such a way that the circulating fluid flows by gravitational forces without additional drive to the evaporator.
  • the evaporator When starting the system from standstill, the evaporator is charged with heat, making it the warmest component in the system.
  • the working medium contained therein is vaporized and possibly also overheated and the resulting vapor heats all system components lying above the evaporator. If liquid medium has accumulated in other parts of the system (eg expansion machine, horizontal pipes or liquid sacks), it will be vaporized by heating and then condensed at the coldest point of the system.
  • the coldest point in the system is normally the capacitor. If this is not the case at standstill, the condenser can be set as the coldest point by controlling the heat sink (eg starting the cooling on the condenser). From the condenser, the working fluid flows as a template to the feed pump.
  • the geometric arrangement is chosen (height difference) so that the condensate can flow by gravity to the evaporator (density difference between vapor and liquid). It creates a natural circulation, which sets an independent order of the liquid working medium. This means that liquid working fluid is collected in the low-lying part of the system (eg in front of the pump), and that before starting the pump there is sufficient working fluid with sufficient flow height in front of the pump.
  • the evaporator can be located in the geometric arrangement in a lower height than the capacitor.
  • a relative to the condenser deep-lying evaporator and possibly also lower-lying pipes represent a possibility that the fluid in the circulation flows by gravitational forces without additional drive to the evaporator.
  • the closed circuit between the condenser and evaporator also includes the non-started pump and / or wherein the closed circuit between evaporator and condenser also includes the expansion machine. In this way, when working fluid-permeable designs of the pump, the working fluid in the circuit can also flow through the pump without it being started.
  • the pump may be located at a lower level than the evaporator.
  • the lead height can be further increased.
  • thermodynamic cycle apparatus may further include a bypass valve for bypassing the expander in the circuit.
  • thermodynamic cycle apparatus may further comprise a food container for collecting the condensed working medium, wherein the food container in a closed circuit between the condenser and evaporator, in particular between the condenser and the pump is arranged.
  • Another development consists in that at least one sensor for measuring the flow height of the working medium upstream of the pump, in particular a sensor for measuring the pressure of the working medium and / or a sensor for measuring the temperature of the working medium can be provided.
  • thermodynamic cycle apparatus may further comprise a bypass valve for bypassing the pump in the circuit.
  • thermodynamic cycle apparatus may further comprise a recuperator for transferring heat energy from the expanded working medium to the working medium pumped between the pump and the evaporator during operation of the thermodynamic cycle apparatus, the recuperator being disposed between the expander and the condenser; and a bypass valve for bypassing the recuperator in the circuit, wherein the bypass valve for bypassing the recuperator in particular also the bypass valve for bypassing the pump can be.
  • a bypass valve for bridging the recuperator be provided because otherwise can be done by the recuperator, which is higher than the evaporator, no natural circulation.
  • the method according to the invention for starting a thermodynamic cycle apparatus comprises the following steps: applying heat to the evaporator and evaporating the working medium in the evaporator, optionally additionally also overheating the working medium in the evaporator, whereby working medium flows to the condenser; Condensing the working medium in the condenser; Starting the pump when reaching or exceeding a predetermined flow height of the working fluid to the pump.
  • the inventive method has the advantages that have already been described in connection with the device according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention can be further developed in that the pump is started after reaching or exceeding a measured flow height or after a predetermined time after the start of the pressurization of the evaporator with heat.
  • the method may comprise the following further steps: setting the condensation temperature to a first temperature value; and adjusting the condensation temperature to a second temperature value after the condensed working fluid having the first temperature value reaches the pump; wherein the second temperature value is greater than the first temperature value.
  • the coldest point in the system is normally the capacitor. If this is not the case at standstill, the capacitor can in this way, for example via a Control of the heat sink to be set as the coldest point (eg start of the cooling on the condenser).
  • the setting of the condensation temperature to a second temperature value by reducing the speed of a condenser fan and / or by lowering a cooling water mass flow or the air mass flow and / or by increasing the temperature of the cooling water mass flow or the air mass flow through the capacitor.
  • further measures such as e.g. Closing blinds or flaps of the condenser will increase the condensation temperature.
  • the further steps of opening the expansion machine bypass valve prior to or simultaneously with applying heat to the evaporator or opening the expander bypass valve a predetermined first period of time after applying the evaporator with heat or after reaching a predetermined first pressure the expansion machine; and closing the expansion machine bypass valve after or coincidentally with the start of the pump or closing of the expansion machine bypass valve may be provided a predetermined second time period prior to starting the pump or upon reaching a predetermined second pressure at the expansion machine.
  • the following further steps may be provided: opening the pump bypass valve and / or recuperator bypass valve before, during or a predetermined third period of time after applying heat to the evaporator; and closing the pump bypass valve and / or recuperator bypass valve after, or during, a predetermined fourth period of time prior to starting the pump.
  • the said developments can be used individually or combined with each other.
  • FIG. 1 shows a thermodynamic cycle device, in particular an ORC system and the height-ordered arrangement of the main components.
  • the system comprises a feed pump 1, which conveys the liquid working medium under high pressure increase to an evaporator 2, in which the working medium is evaporated, an expansion machine 3, in which the high-pressure steam is expanded while mechanical energy is generated. This can be converted, for example via a generator G into electrical energy.
  • the condenser 4 in which the low-pressure steam from the expansion machine 3 is liquefied, the liquid working medium passes through a possible (optional) Reservoir (food container) and a suction line back to the feed pump 1 of the system.
  • the system should start from standstill. Heat is first applied to the evaporator (if the heat is not applied to the evaporator uncontrolled, for example by continuous flow with a heat transfer medium, this must be switched on). Steam forms in the evaporator, which heats the system components, vaporizes liquid working medium in other parts of the system (for example in an expansion machine, horizontal pipes or liquid bags) and flows together with them to the condenser where it liquefies after some time. It thus happens a fluid displacement from the evaporator to the condenser. This leads to an increase in the fluid level on the condenser side, which in turn leads to a pressure gradient from the cold condenser side to the hot evaporator side.
  • connection (without closed shut-off devices) generates a flow which causes medium from the condenser to flow to the evaporator via the pump.
  • the track must be designed so that the flow is adjusted solely by gravity. For this, the pressure losses of the installed components or opening pressures of installed valves must be taken into account.
  • the temperature in the condenser increases, which also increases the pressure in the condenser.
  • This can be done for example by lowering the speed of a condenser fan and / or by lowering a cooling water mass flow or the air mass flow and / or by increasing the temperature of the cooling water mass flow or the air mass flow through the condenser.
  • the device after FIG. 2 includes to improve in FIG. 1 arrangement shown additional components. These and their function will be described below.
  • Component 5 denotes a bypass valve on the expansion machine 3.
  • This bypass valve 5 via the expansion machine allows e.g. in volumetric expansion engines, a sufficient amount of vapor generated in the evaporator can flow to the condenser 4.
  • the bypass valve can also serve as an emergency shut-off valve, which allows rapid release of the high-pressure steam in front of the expansion machine in case of danger.
  • the bypass valve may e.g. be executed as a normally open solenoid valve. In the case of starting with the described arrangement of the components, the valve remains open and thus allows the natural circulation of the working medium.
  • the valve is required for the described function if the amount of working fluid via a stationary (or rotating) expansion machine is not sufficient for the intended natural circulation of the fluid.
  • the component 6 denotes a food container.
  • the food container may be required to provide sufficient working fluid to the feed pump in each operating condition. It buffers the total working medium and thus prevents the standstill of the plant in case of loss of working fluid, unequal distribution of working fluid, different vapor densities and thus steam masses during operation and standstill or inaccurate filling of the system.
  • inert gas to the container to another function. It increases the gas volume in the system. This means that the flow height can be kept relatively constant over all operating states (see also the disclosure in DE 10 2009 053 390 B3 ).
  • a constant circulation of working medium which is caused solely by the temperature difference and the resulting pressure difference between evaporator and condenser and is independent of the operation of the feed pump, ensures that the circulating inert gas automatically accumulates in the condenser and food tank.
  • the component 7 denotes sensors for measuring the applied flow height (NPSH a ).
  • sensors here eg pressure P and temperature T
  • the flow height (NPSH a ) can be determined. This can serve as a start criterion for the start of the pump in the described start-up of the system.
  • the component 8 designates a bypass valve around the feed pump.
  • This valve 8 for bypassing the feed pump can be used in the described case to ensure a sufficient flow of liquid working fluid from the condenser to the evaporator. This is necessary, for example, if the feed pump, due to its construction / design (eg positive displacement pump) at standstill, is impermeable to the medium. Another reason could be the large height difference to be overcome in the pump (eg in vertical multistage centrifugal pumps), which prevents natural flow.
  • the bypass valve can be made switchable or adjustable. In addition, it can be designed as a spring-loaded valve with adjustable or fixed opening and closing pressures.
  • the valve thus opens only at a certain applied pressure difference between the suction and pressure side of the pump and remains closed during operation of the system or the valve is open to a certain pressure difference between the pressure and suction side and automatically closes when operating from this certain pressure difference between pressure and suction side.
  • the pressure difference to open the valve must be so small that a natural circulation is possible.
  • the valve can serve as a safety valve in case of danger. Due to the rapid opening of the valve in case of danger, medium can flow from the evaporator in the direction of the condenser. This prevents excessive pressure increase in the evaporator by further evaporation of working fluid.
  • a check valve (not shown in the drawing) can be used downstream of the pump.
  • thermodynamic cycle device in FIG. 3 an embodiment of the thermodynamic cycle device is shown with a recuperator 9.
  • the recuperator 9 serves to transfer heat energy from the expanded working medium to the working medium pumped between the pump 1 and the evaporator 2 during operation of the thermodynamic cycle apparatus, the recuperator 9 being arranged between the expansion machine 3 and the condenser 4.
  • a bypass valve 8 is provided for bridging the recuperator 9 in the circuit, wherein the bypass valve 8 for bypassing the recuperator 9 here also the bypass valve 8 to bypass the pump 1 is simultaneously.
  • the bypass valve 8 When the pipeline between pump 1 and evaporator 2 runs over the recuperator 9 to the working medium pumped therein in the normal operation of the thermodynamic cycle apparatus with heat from the expanded vaporized working medium between the expansion machine 3 and To preheat the condenser 4, the bypass valve 8 must be open for bridging the recuperator 9 for starting the cycle device according to the invention, because otherwise no natural circulation of the working medium can take place through the recuperator 9, which is arranged higher than the evaporator 2.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention ensure that the ORC can be started reliably and quickly.
  • the method requires in the simple arrangement no sensors or actuators (eg valves) for safe start.
  • Due to the automatic distribution of the working medium in the system the total amount of working medium in the system can be reduced in comparison to systems arranged differently (eg with an elevated evaporator and low-lying condenser or expansion machine), as due to the drive-free arrangement of liquid working medium always sufficient fluid in the suction line the pump is present.
  • the automatic heating of the system by the natural circulation with heat supply ensures a preheating of the components. In cold weather, this can speed up system start-up and extend the life of the components.
  • the safe, cavitation-free start-up of the system prevents possible damage to the pump, which can occur due to (partial) cavitation on the pump.
  • a sufficient flow height for the feed pump can be ensured during the starting process.
  • other methods which would otherwise be necessary for generating a lead-in height, can be omitted, or their effect on the efficiency of the system can be reduced.
  • other methods eg condensate supercooling or inert gas addition
  • the method described leads to an increase in the overall efficiency of the ORC system.
  • the method described the amount of working fluid can be saved.
  • the startability of ORC systems can otherwise only be guaranteed by using large quantities of working medium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
EP13189918.9A 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Dispositif et procédé de démarrage fiable de systèmes ORC Active EP2865854B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13189918.9A EP2865854B1 (fr) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Dispositif et procédé de démarrage fiable de systèmes ORC
PCT/EP2014/072393 WO2015059069A1 (fr) 2013-10-23 2014-10-20 Dispositif et procédé de démarrage fiable de systèmes orc
CN201480058736.2A CN105849371B (zh) 2013-10-23 2014-10-20 用于可靠地启动orc系统的设备与方法
US15/030,862 US10247046B2 (en) 2013-10-23 2014-10-20 Device and method for reliably starting ORC systems
RU2016112366A RU2661998C2 (ru) 2013-10-23 2014-10-20 Устройство и способ надежного запуска систем с органическим циклом ренкина (orc)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13189918.9A EP2865854B1 (fr) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Dispositif et procédé de démarrage fiable de systèmes ORC

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EP2865854A1 true EP2865854A1 (fr) 2015-04-29
EP2865854B1 EP2865854B1 (fr) 2021-08-18

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EP13189918.9A Active EP2865854B1 (fr) 2013-10-23 2013-10-23 Dispositif et procédé de démarrage fiable de systèmes ORC

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US (1) US10247046B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2865854B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105849371B (fr)
RU (1) RU2661998C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015059069A1 (fr)

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JP2019525072A (ja) * 2016-08-18 2019-09-05 イエフペ エネルジ ヌヴェルＩｆｐ Ｅｎｅｒｇｉｅｓ Ｎｏｕｖｅｌｌｅｓ 回路を緊急停止させる装置を有する、ランキンサイクルに従って機能する閉じた回路と、このような回路を使用する方法
RU2701973C1 (ru) * 2015-09-08 2019-10-02 Атлас Копко Эрпауэр, Намлозе Веннотсхап Органический цикл рэнкина для преобразования сбросного тепла источника тепла в механическую энергию и система охлаждения, использующая такой цикл
US10612423B2 (en) 2015-09-08 2020-04-07 Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap ORC for transporting waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and cooling system making use of such an ORC

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CN111636937A (zh) * 2020-06-22 2020-09-08 中国长江动力集团有限公司 液位自动调节的orc发电装置及其调节方法
CN111594280B (zh) * 2020-06-23 2023-09-19 南京天加能源科技有限公司 一种双透平气悬浮orc发电系统及控制方法
US11187212B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2021-11-30 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Methods for generating geothermal power in an organic Rankine cycle operation during hydrocarbon production based on working fluid temperature
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US11493029B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-11-08 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
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US11326550B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-05-10 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods utilizing gas temperature as a power source
US11480074B1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-10-25 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods utilizing gas temperature as a power source
US11592009B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2023-02-28 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
US11644015B2 (en) 2021-04-02 2023-05-09 Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
CN114439561A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-05-06 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种锅炉烟气余热回收发电系统及其方法
CN114483237B (zh) * 2022-01-20 2024-03-12 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 有机工质分布式供能系统蒸发器液位平衡控制系统及方法

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US10247046B2 (en) 2019-04-02
EP2865854B1 (fr) 2021-08-18
US20160251983A1 (en) 2016-09-01
CN105849371B (zh) 2018-07-03
WO2015059069A1 (fr) 2015-04-30
RU2016112366A (ru) 2017-11-27
CN105849371A (zh) 2016-08-10
RU2661998C2 (ru) 2018-07-23

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