EP2865734A1 - Sicherer Brennstoff in abzugslosen Kaminen oder anderen Dochtvorrichtungen mit offener Geometrie - Google Patents

Sicherer Brennstoff in abzugslosen Kaminen oder anderen Dochtvorrichtungen mit offener Geometrie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2865734A1
EP2865734A1 EP20140190050 EP14190050A EP2865734A1 EP 2865734 A1 EP2865734 A1 EP 2865734A1 EP 20140190050 EP20140190050 EP 20140190050 EP 14190050 A EP14190050 A EP 14190050A EP 2865734 A1 EP2865734 A1 EP 2865734A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
ventless
wicked
propylene glycol
fireplaces
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20140190050
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2865734B1 (de
Inventor
Engelbartus Lensink
Sara Carine Torfs
Jan Christiaan Maria Torfs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Torfs Sara Carine Wilma
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DBK bvba
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Publication date
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Priority to EP14190050.6A priority Critical patent/EP2865734B1/de
Publication of EP2865734A1 publication Critical patent/EP2865734A1/de
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Publication of EP2865734B1 publication Critical patent/EP2865734B1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L11/00—Manufacture of firelighters
    • C10L11/04—Manufacture of firelighters consisting of combustible material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
    • C10L7/02—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels
    • C10L7/04—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels alcohol
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D3/00—Burners using capillary action
    • F23D3/02—Wick burners
    • F23D3/18—Details of wick burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q13/00—Igniters not otherwise provided for
    • F23Q13/04—Igniters not otherwise provided for using portable burners, e.g. torches, fire pots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C5/00—Stoves or ranges for liquid fuels
    • F24C5/02—Stoves or ranges for liquid fuels with evaporation burners, e.g. dish type
    • F24C5/04—Stoves or ranges for liquid fuels with evaporation burners, e.g. dish type wick type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combination of a safe fuel and a ventless fireplace, or more in general, a wicked open geometry device.
  • Open geometry wicked devices such as so-called “ventless fireplaces” (or ventless ovens or ventless burners), burn gel or liquid fuel, and exist in a variety of forms.
  • Such devices typically have several advantages over more traditional fireplaces in that they burn their fuel cleanly (contrary to paraffin and oil based burners and solid material based burners, such as coal or wood burners, and also contrary to fuel containing additives which lead to undesirable by-products), are often portable, and may not require fixed installation.
  • Such fireplaces burn gel or liquid fuel that is dispensed from a fuel container into a fuel reservoir where the burning occurs.
  • Ventless fireplaces for instance, are a convenient way to provide a pleasant atmosphere in various places in and around the house, for example in living rooms or outside (garden, patio). These fireplaces do not need special vent constructions and are therefore easy to use and install.
  • Said devices are often fuelled with ethanol-based fuel, which is a highly flammable liquid.
  • ethanol-based fuel which is a highly flammable liquid.
  • the risk is particularly high when refilling the fireplace before it is completely extinguished and/or sufficiently cooled down.
  • the flash flame or explosion usually causes one to drop or throw away the burning refilling bottle, thus causing still more risk of injury or starting a fire.
  • Another risk of ethanol-fuelled devices is that fire spreads quickly if the ventless fireplace accidentally falls over.
  • isopropyl alcohol is used as a fuel; it has similar drawbacks as ethanol.
  • bio-fuels are generally used, i.e. fuels made from renewable resources, such as bio-ethanol.
  • renewable resources such as bio-ethanol.
  • the present inventors found that if a propylene glycol based fuel is used, the sketched problems can be overcome.
  • the wick in the open geometry device is an essential requirement; without a wick the fuel can in practice not be used as a fuel.
  • the present invention resolves the sketched safety risks associated with, e.g., ventless ovens by using a much safer fuel that does not explode during refuelling a burning system, yet is combustible. For example when refilling a burning fire place - according to this invention - no explosion of flash flame will occur. Also, according to the invention, when, for example, a ventless fireplace falls over and spills the fluid over the floor the fire will generally extinguish by itself or will be easy to extinguish.
  • the present invention is hence directed to a propylene glycol based fuel in an open geometry wicked device, wherein the propylene glycol based fuel has a flashpoint above 50°C and comprises at least 60 wt.% propylene glycol.
  • the product of the invention is the combination of the open geometry wicked device and the propylene glycol based fuel.
  • the first essential part of the product of the present invention is propylene glycol (official name: propane-1,2-diol).
  • Propylene glycol has a flashpoint (closed cup) of 101°C (determined according to ISO 3679); it has a boiling point of 188°C. This eliminates flash fires and flare-ups.
  • propane-1,2-diol propane-1,2-diol
  • Propylene glycol based fuel a fuel is meant that contains more than 60 wt.% propylene glycol, preferably more than 75 wt.% propylene glycol, and more preferably at least 90 wt.% propylene glycol. This fuel - when properly formulated - in practice is a non-flammable, yet combustible liquid.
  • non-flammable we mean that it does not catch fire at room temperature when brought in contact with a flame, like from a match; with “combustible” we mean that it can be made to burn under the right conditions. In tests, it was found to be prevented from catching fire in case of refilling a burning oven. Moreover, this liquid material when burning, extinguishes when being poured out on a "cold” (that is: ambient temperature) surface.
  • Propylene glycol can be industrially prepared from a reaction of propylene oxide with water.
  • it is also available as biograde, made from bio-glycerol.
  • bio-grade propylene glycol has been used, although industrial grades provide the same advantages with respect to fire safety.
  • the second essential part of the product of the present invention is the wick in the open geometry wicked device.
  • open geometry wicked device as used in this description and the appending claims, an open equipment device is meant for producing heat.
  • an open geometry device is a device of which the horizontal surface area exposed to the open air is a fraction of at least 20% of the top surface area of the container containing the wick.
  • the open geometry allows quick passage of fuel into the flame and thus supports a large highly decorative flame. Consequently, an open geometry wicked device is a device where there is essentially no restriction between the fuel and the open air. Consequently, the advantage of the present invention is that such an open device -when falling over- and spilling most of its liquid fuel contents within seconds - does not pose a great fire risk.
  • open geometry wicked devices are ventless fireplaces and table top burners. Such devices can be made of various materials, including steel, concrete, ceramics etc.
  • Wicked devices not meeting the open geometry criterion referred to herein-above such as wicked torches and wicked fire pots, were found not to work on propylene glycol; their flames extinguish.
  • Such an open surface area per flame must be at least 4 square cm, preferably at least 10 square cm.
  • the total power produced per flame may be at least 400 Watt (the power being calculated from the heat of combustion - Joule per gram (J/g) multiplied by rate of combustion in gram/second (g/s).
  • a wick also called batting
  • wick materials which are not consumed or burned are used. By capillary effects, liquid material is transported through a wick and becomes available as effective fuel. Suitable materials, as well as a suitable device, are described in for example DE 102009043341 .
  • a fuel receiving body from a form-retaining, isotropic, heat-resistant and porous material for retaining liquid fuel by means of absorption refers to ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol as suitable fuels.
  • the product of the present invention has as a key component a fuel based on propylene glycol.
  • this propylene glycol based fuel has a closed cup flashpoint above 50°C, preferably above 80°C, more preferably above 90°C. This flashpoint is important in respect of many of the safety considerations. Where herein-below reference is made to flashpoints, we mean closed cup flashpoints determined according to ISO 3679.
  • the product of the invention preferably is based on a propylene glycol based fuel comprising at least 60 wt.%, preferably at least 75%, most preferably at least 90 wt.% propylene glycol.
  • the product according to the invention is based on a propylene glycol based fuel consisting entirely of propylene glycol.
  • EP-A-1 323 812 and US-A-2002/0187445 relate to lamp fuel compositions for producing coloured flames for interior decoration or festivals and so on.
  • these compositions contain a fuel containing colouring agents such as those based on metal salts, such as lithium and strontium salts.
  • a fuel containing colouring agents such as those based on metal salts, such as lithium and strontium salts.
  • the wick and fuel are still hot which typically produces the well known candle smoke, meaning that the fuel or the solution is evaporating.
  • EP 1 323 812 it will thus evaporate camphor, dimethylformamide etc.
  • compositions of EP 1 323 812 are totally unsuitable for use in the present invention. So it is a clear advantage of the present invention that the used fuel compositions are not producing toxic fumes.
  • EP-A-1 323 812 describes in ⁇ [0010] that propylene glycol is chosen as a solvent for colouring agents. Furthermore, this paragraph indicates that its high viscosity in fact makes propylene glycol unsuitable for transport through a wick in an oil lamp. To overcome these difficulties other liquids (ethers, ethanol etc) are to be added. All examples in EP 1 323 812 contain 5 to 10% ethanol. However, when as little as 5 to 10% ethanol is added to propylene glycol the flash point of the composition already drops to almost room temperature. This means that such compositions are unsuitable for use in the present invention which requires a flash point over 50°C.
  • this reference encompasses a long list of other ingredients which are known to be toxic, and hence lead to toxicity of the vapours - such as DMF and camphor. This is another reason why the compositions of EP 1 323 812 cannot be used in the present invention.
  • US-A-2002/0187445 refers to propylene glycol as one of the solvents rather than a fuel.
  • simple alcohols are advantageously added in the polyol containing composition with the aim of lowering the viscosity.
  • propylene glycol based compositions may for example add in the propylene based fuel based on the above guidances one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of glycerol and other glycerols; alcohols, such as butanol; and biodiesel oils and edible oils and esters.
  • the present invention is also directed to the use of a propylene glycol based fuel as defined herein-above as a safe fuel.
  • a safe fuel in the sense of the present description is a non-flammable, yet combustible liquid.
  • Such a use is not only as a fuel in ventless fireplaces, ventless ovens, ventless burners or the other wicked devices, but also for lighting a barbecue or in the use in decorative home furnaces containing a chimney.
  • oven 1 is a cylindrical oven with an external diameter A and a height C.
  • the external diameter A is 70 mm
  • the height C is 110 mm
  • the total weight of the oven 1 is 175 gram.
  • the oven 1 includes an outer cylinder 2 and an inner cylinder 4.
  • the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 4 are manufactured from metal.
  • the outer cylinder 2 has an external diameter A and a height C equal to that of the oven 1.
  • the inner cylinder 4 has an external diameter B, in this example 55 mm, and a height D, in this example 105 mm.
  • the outer cylinder is open at a first end 6 and closed at a second end 8.
  • the inner cylinder 4 is open at a first end 10, and has a round circular opening 14 of 35 mm diameter at a second end 12.
  • the inner cylinder 4 is inserted into the outer cylinder 2 such that a gap 16 is formed with a width E. In this embodiment the width E of the gap 16 is 7 mm.
  • the gap 16 between the cylinders is filled, in this example, with a coarse steel wool 18.
  • the inner cylinder 4 is provided with a metal ring 20 which substantially closes off the gap 16 at the first end 10 of the inner cylinder 4.
  • the open surface area per flame must be at least 4 square cm, preferably at least 6 and more preferably at least 9 square cm.
  • the inner cylinder 4 is held in place by friction between the inner cylinder 4, the steel wool 18, and the outer cylinder 2.
  • the metal ring 20 of the inner cylinder is at substantially the same level as the opening of the first end 6 of the outer cylinder 2. Due to the height difference between the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 4, a spacing 22 is formed between the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 4 at the second end 8, 12.
  • the metal ring 20 of the inner cylinder 4 may be manufactured to have a larger diameter, or provided with a lip, such that the metal ring 20 may rest on the outer cylinder 2 holding the inner cylinder in place.
  • the inner cylinder 4 forms a cavity 24. Any fluid poured into the cavity 24 of the inner cylinder 4 can freely move from the opening 14 at the second end 12 of the inner cylinder 4 through the spacing 22 and into the gap 16.
  • the cavity 24 of the inner cylinder 4 is filled with glass wool 26, such as typically used for thermal / building insulation, as a wick.
  • the fiber insert is needed because it appeared not possible to light the propylene glycol based fuel; said fuel does not catch fire as a fluid without a so-called wick.
  • the glass fiber insert acts as a wick. It will be clear that other suitable materials may be used as a wick.
  • the product of the invention uses an oven 1 as sketched in Fig. 2 .
  • the oven 1 shown in Fig. 2 is a ventless oven, in this example manufactured from metal.
  • the oven is hollow and the metal walls are about 2 mm thick.
  • the oven 1 has a rectangular shape with an outer length F, a width G, and a height H.
  • the outer length F is 300 mm
  • the width G is 110 mm
  • the height H is 40 mm.
  • the oven 1 has an inner cavity 28.
  • the inner cavity 28 has a width J, a length I, and a height K.
  • the width J of the inner cavity 28 is 40 mm
  • the length I of the inner cavity 28 is 230 mm
  • the height K is substantially equal to the height H of the oven 1.
  • the open surface area exposed to air is 9200 mm 2 .
  • the oven 1 has a total weight of 2415 gram.
  • the wick 30 includes a glass wool insert 26 placed in a tray 32.
  • the tray 32 is made from sheet metal and has dimensions smaller than that of the inner cavity 28 such that the wick 30 can be placed in the cavity 28 of the oven 1. Additionally, the tray 32 includes a cover 34, which is perforated with holes 36. In Fig. 3 , the glass wool insert 26 is visible through the holes 36. It will be clear that the glass wool insert 26 is provided substantially throughout the tray 32.
  • the holes 36 have a diameter L which in this case is 7 mm.
  • the tray 32 is open at the bottom and any fluid in the tray can come in contact with the oven 1 and flow into its hollow areas. The walls of the oven forming the inner cavity 28 may not completely close off the inner cavity 28 from the remainder of the hollow oven.
  • At least one of the walls of the inner cavity 28 may be provided with a plurality of openings 29, which can be round with a diameter of preferably 5 mm. This can provide fluid communication between the inner cavity 28 and the hollow oven.
  • the wick, here glass wool 26, is needed for the propylene glycol to catch fire.
  • Bio-ethanol (denaturated; ex Bio-blaze, Belgium) was burned in the small round ventless oven described herein-above in respect of Fig. 1 .
  • the inner cylinder was filled from the bottom up to halfway with glass wool such as typically used for building insulation.
  • the oven was placed on a scale enabling to calculate continuously how much of the fluid was added and consumed.
  • the CO concentration was regularly measured with a Toxirae-3 instrument (calibrated by the supplier) from RAE Benelux directly above the container.
  • the CO concentration measured at 250 mm above the top of the burner was typically 5 to 8 ppm by weight; and at 450 mm above the top of the burner it was typically 3 to 6 ppm. At 1000 mm height no CO could be detected.
  • 80 wt.% of the alcohol was consumed, the flame started to burn irregularly and at that moment this part of the test was stopped.
  • the burning ventless oven was tilted and the ethanol made to flow over the stone floor, where it kept burning.
  • Example 1 99.5% pure propylene glycol was burned in the same ventless oven as used in Example 1.
  • the inner cylinder was filled to the top with glass wool such as typically used for building insulation.
  • the oven was placed on a scale enabling to calculate continuously how much of the fluid was added and consumed.
  • the oven was lit again and the burning ventless oven was tilted, causing the propylene glycol to flow over the stone floor, where it - surprisingly - extinguished immediately.
  • This example illustrates that it is possible to have a nice and safe flame in a ventless oven according to the invention, while the risks associated with flashing flames during refilling are minimal, as well as risk associated with toxic off gases.
  • Bio-ethanol was burned in the large ventless oven described herein-above with reference to Fig. 2 . No wick was present, therein.
  • the oven was placed on a scale enabling to calculate continuously how much of the fluid was added and consumed.
  • the oven was placed on a scale enabling to calculate continuously how much of the fluid was added and consumed.
  • the example illustrates that it is possible to create a nice and safe flame according to the invention, also with a large ventless oven.
EP14190050.6A 2013-10-25 2014-10-23 Verwendung von Sicherem Brennstoff in Dochtvorrichtungen mit offener Geometrie Active EP2865734B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14190050.6A EP2865734B1 (de) 2013-10-25 2014-10-23 Verwendung von Sicherem Brennstoff in Dochtvorrichtungen mit offener Geometrie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP13190321 2013-10-25
EP14190050.6A EP2865734B1 (de) 2013-10-25 2014-10-23 Verwendung von Sicherem Brennstoff in Dochtvorrichtungen mit offener Geometrie

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EP2865734A1 true EP2865734A1 (de) 2015-04-29
EP2865734B1 EP2865734B1 (de) 2019-02-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2022201378A1 (en) * 2022-01-14 2023-08-03 Pro-Iroda Industries, Inc. Combustion system and method of operation thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4624633A (en) 1985-01-09 1986-11-25 Mtc-Choice, Inc. High percentage glycol fuel and burner
US20020187445A1 (en) 2001-06-06 2002-12-12 Lesesne John Sherman Lamp and candle with a colored flame
EP1323812A2 (de) 2001-12-26 2003-07-02 Jinman Lim Lampenbrennstoffzusammensetzung zur Erzeugung gefärbter Flammen und ihr Herstellungsverfahren
WO2007032667A1 (en) 2005-09-13 2007-03-22 Lammert Gosse Stellema Burner for household or recreational use
DE102009043341A1 (de) 2009-03-06 2010-09-09 Blomus Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130216966A1 (en) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-22 Brasa Fire, Inc. Spill proof alcohol burner

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4624633A (en) 1985-01-09 1986-11-25 Mtc-Choice, Inc. High percentage glycol fuel and burner
US20020187445A1 (en) 2001-06-06 2002-12-12 Lesesne John Sherman Lamp and candle with a colored flame
EP1323812A2 (de) 2001-12-26 2003-07-02 Jinman Lim Lampenbrennstoffzusammensetzung zur Erzeugung gefärbter Flammen und ihr Herstellungsverfahren
WO2007032667A1 (en) 2005-09-13 2007-03-22 Lammert Gosse Stellema Burner for household or recreational use
DE102009043341A1 (de) 2009-03-06 2010-09-09 Blomus Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Severe burn injuries caused by bioethanol-design fireplaces - an overview on recreational fire threats", JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH, vol. 32, no. 2, 2011, pages 173 - 177
ANONYME: "Propylène Glycol", 5 October 2013 (2013-10-05), XP002736008, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propyl%C3%A8ne_glycol&oldid=97243152> [retrieved on 20150216] *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2022201378A1 (en) * 2022-01-14 2023-08-03 Pro-Iroda Industries, Inc. Combustion system and method of operation thereof

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