EP2862234A1 - Aktives antennensystem - Google Patents
Aktives antennensystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2862234A1 EP2862234A1 EP13730806.0A EP13730806A EP2862234A1 EP 2862234 A1 EP2862234 A1 EP 2862234A1 EP 13730806 A EP13730806 A EP 13730806A EP 2862234 A1 EP2862234 A1 EP 2862234A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- subgroups
- antenna system
- amplitude
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001168730 Simo Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015429 Mirabilis expansa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000294411 Mirabilis expansa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013536 miso Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
Definitions
- Mobile networks are known to be structured so that they are divided into a plurality of individual mobile radio cells.
- the mobile radio cells are formed by supplying a specific area with radio signals by base stations.
- the base stations are equipped for this purpose with antennas having a suitable directional characteristic.
- club-shaped directional characteristics are used.
- the size of the cell and the area to be supplied can be changed, for example, by different setting of a lowering angle (down-tilt) of the directional characteristic, for which purpose, for example, differently adjustable phase shifters are used in the respective antenna. This change can also be made depending on the number of active users in a cell.
- the antenna of such a mobile radio base station is known as an antenna array, which is used for transmission and reception. This is used to communicate with a cell in the cell in question.
- loaned mobile subscriber which is often synonymous as a transmission (from the base station side of view) speaks of a downlink.
- the data transmitted by the mobile subscriber to the mobile station data that are thus received by the antenna array are
- the base stations usually have antennas with a relatively high antenna gain and have due to corresponding power amplifiers over a relatively high transmission power. Therefore, a relatively high power can be provided to the receiver in the downlink.
- the mobile devices the so-called cell phones, smart phones or other mobile devices, for example, equipped with appropriate transmitting and receiving devices notebooks, etc.
- antennas with only a relatively small antenna gain and a relatively low available transmit power. As a result, only a relatively low power can be provided to the receiver in the uplink.
- This imbalance between the services at each recipient in the uplink and downlink has a negative effect, especially at high data rates. In order to come to certain improvements, it has already been proposed in the past to further optimize the uplink path.
- the resulting vertical radiation pattern has been tried for uplink operation (ie for the reception operation of a base station) and the downlink operation electrically independent of each other.
- uplink operation ie for the reception operation of a base station
- downlink operation electrically independent of each other.
- active antenna systems with different technical designs are known.
- HF electronics high-frequency electronics
- this also leads to a visually appealing- their design of such antenna arrays and base stations.
- a main technical feature is that the individual antenna radiators or radiator groups are equipped with the mentioned transmitting and receiving electronics. This makes it possible, for example, to set the downtilt for the uplink and for the downlink separately.
- a mobile radio system and an associated control system has basically become known from WO 03/052866 A1. According to this prior publication, it is described how two antennas with different vertical diagrams can be operated in the same sector of the cell. It is discussed that the ratio of the transmission power between the antennas is changed, whereby the respective received power is optimized at the corresponding receiver.
- an array antenna which comprises two passive subgroups with mechanical phase shifters which are arranged vertically to one another.
- the phase difference between the two companies groups can be set electrically.
- a phase shift adjustment module which is connected via a subsequent separate distribution network to the individual radiator elements of the two array subgroups, is arranged upstream of both subgroups of the antenna array.
- a conventional antenna with radiators arranged one above the other and fed together via a network can be taken as known from WO 2006/071152 A1.
- a generic transmitting / receiving antenna with any use of an antenna aperture can be seen as known from DE 698 37 596 T2. It comprises two antennas arranged above one another, wherein both antenna groups are provided for receiving and an upper or a lower antenna group for transmitting in different frequency ranges.
- the invention starts at the base station side.
- an antenna array which comprises at least a first and a second antenna group.
- the antenna groups each comprising at least two antenna subgroups (each antenna subgroup having at least one radiator) are arranged one above the other.
- the phases and powers for the antenna subgroups can be provided, for which purpose mechanical phase shifters are preferably provided.
- the invention proposes a frequency-dependent amplitude distribution at least for the first antenna group which is provided for the transmitting and the receiving operation.
- the amplitude distribution within an antenna array here means the relative distribution of the signal levels present at the various individual antenna subgroups in the transmission or reception mode.
- the signal is preferably an electrical one in the form of a voltage, a current or a power. This is standardized by specifying a level in dB.
- the signal levels increase normalizes the maximum signal level of one of the antenna subgroups applied in the transmit or receive mode.
- the amplitude distribution for the transmission and reception operation of the first antenna group is different.
- the difference may be that the amplitude of the antenna subgroups decreases from a highest value, preferably represented by a central antenna subgroup, to the antenna antenna subgroups in the transmit mode (downlink).
- the preferred embodiment is the former.
- the amplitudes of the outermost or next to last antenna subgroups of the first antenna group, based on a highest amplitude of one of these antenna subgroups, are changed.
- the amplitudes may be equal to the maximum amplitude of one of the antenna subgroups (that is, preferably not smaller), or preferably only comparatively less or else more steeply sloping than in the transmit mode.
- the amplitude of the outermost or the penultimate antenna subgroup has a value A Rx at a reception frequency relative to the highest amplitude of the antenna subgroup, one proceeds in that case
- the amplitude of the outermost or next to last antenna subgroup has a value ⁇ at a transmission frequency relative to the highest amplitude of the antenna subgroup, so in the context of the invention, the amount of the difference between the two aforementioned values is at least 0, 2 dB multiplied by the number of antenna subgroups and a maximum of 5 dB multiplied by the number of antenna subgroups.
- the signals that are received via the two antenna groups can be used via methods such as MRC (Maximum Ration Combining) or ERC (Equal Ratio Combining) or methods such as IRC (Interference Rejection Combining) or the like.
- the processing takes place in a transmitting and receiving unit.
- the method is the combination of signals from individual antennas or groups that can be exploited for diversity gain with available reception diversity. Furthermore, it is conceivable to change the phases of the signals which are fed to the two antenna groups within the transmitting and receiving unit. As a result, for example, a separate downtilt in Comparison can be set to transmit mode.
- a simple implementation of the invention results especially when mechanical phase shifters are used for the frequency-dependent amplitude distribution in the feed network.
- frequency-dependent power amplifiers can also be used for the frequency-dependent amplitude distribution in the supply network.
- the new architecture of the antenna array according to the invention and its supply also shows that, for example, in the case of a dual-polarized radiator arrangement, only one transmitter (transmitter) and only two receivers (receiver) are necessary per polarization.
- a dual-polarized active antenna according to the invention can thus eg with only two remote radio heads (or comparable components) with the associated electronics and filter components for two integrated transmission branches (TX branches) and four receive branches (RX branches) of a dual polarized antenna arrays are realized. If one wanted to use a conventional architecture in order to implement and implement only similar effects, it would be necessary to integrate electronics and filters for at least ten transmission branches and twenty reception branches (eg with five antenna subgroups per antenna group) to achieve comparable results.
- the uplink and downlink signals can be set to different down-tilt values, allowing further optimization of data rates. This was previously only possible with so-called distributed active antenna architectures.
- an intelligent method such as MIMO, SIMO or ISO can be used as well as the joint operation of the antennas in downlink mode e.g. for a higher profit.
- Figures 1 three embodiments of an inventive to 3: to the invention antenna array with associated frequency-dependent amplitude distribution;
- FIG. 4 shows four further modified Ausbowungsbei- to 7: games of an antenna array according to the invention
- FIG. 8a shows a prior art antenna array; a supply of the known from the prior art according to Figure 8a Antennenar- rays, also according to the prior art;
- FIGS. 9 and 2 show two further modified exemplary embodiments of an antenna array according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 a vertical radiation diagram of a
- FIG. 12 a vertical radiation diagram of a
- FIG 8a shows a schematic representation of an antenna array 1, as previously operated according to the prior art.
- the antenna array 1 comprises, for example, two antenna groups 5, 10 arranged one above the other (usually vertically one above the other).
- the lower antenna group 5 is also referred to below as the first antenna group 5.
- the upper antenna group 10 is also referred to as a second antenna group.
- each of the two antenna groups 5, 10 consists of at least two antenna subgroups 6 and 11, each Tenning subgroup has at least one radiator.
- both the first and the second antenna group 5, 10 each comprise five antenna subgroups 6 and 11, wherein each of the antenna subgroups at least one, ie in the embodiment shown in each case two emitters 7 or comprises two radiators 12.
- the radiators consist of dual-polarized radiators, which are preferably aligned in each case in a + 45 ° and at a -45 ° angle relative to the horizontal or vertical.
- X-polarized radiators which can be operated in two mutually perpendicular polarization planes.
- Each of the radiators, which belong to a common antenna subgroup can be fed with the same phase position and / or power, although preferably permanently assigned phase shift elements can be arranged between each two such radiators belonging to a radiator subgroup, so that two to one
- Antenna sub-group belonging emitters with a fixed predetermined, ie usually not adjustable phase difference can be fed.
- the emitters 7 of the first antenna group 5 are used both in the transmitting and receiving mode, whereas the emitters 12 of the second antenna group are used only in the receiving mode.
- the radiators 7 and 12 in the antenna groups 5, 10 of the antenna array are via cables or coaxial systems or other systems using Phase shifters 15 connected to each other.
- the antenna array is usually broadband and covers the reception and transmission frequencies.
- the phase shifters are designed with a so-called decreasing power distribution (power tapering).
- the radiators which are arranged in the middle or in the middle area of the respective antenna group 5, 10, receive higher power proportions than the radiators 7, 12 or antenna subgroups 6, 11 lying on the outer edge or adjacent to the outer edge (see Figure 8b).
- FIG. 8b shows a corresponding vertical radiation pattern.
- the respective amplitude or power for the respective radiators 7, 12 of the respective antenna subgroup 6, 11 of the two antenna groups 5, 10 is shown above the X axis.
- An antenna according to the invention can be operated, for example, in the transmission mode in a frequency band from 2110 MHz to 2155 MHz.
- the reception range can be, for example, between 1710 MHz and 1755 MHz.
- the statements made below basically apply to every transmission standard or to each frequency band applied, in particular in the mobile radio field, ie for example the 900 MHz band, the 1800 MHz or 1900 MHz band, for the UMTS mobile radio standard (which countries and regions in different frequency ranges, for example in the 1920 MHz to 2170 MHz band is handled) and / or for example, for the LTE mobile standard, etc. Restrictions on certain frequency ranges do not apply in this respect.
- the dual-polarized emitters preferably described with reference to FIG. 8a can also be polarized in the antenna arrays according to the invention in a + 45 ° and -45 ° plane be (without this being a mandatory requirement). Furthermore, they can also be horizontal or vertical, right-handed or left-handed, circular-polarized, elliptically polarized or even only horizontally or vertically polarized. All mentioned polarizations or polarization combinations can likewise be used in the context of the exemplary embodiments of the invention which are explained below.
- the structure of the antenna array according to the invention according to Figure 1 thus corresponds in principle to that, as it was explained with reference to Figure 8a for the prior art.
- the corresponding receive signals Rx (uplink) via a feed network Nil or N12 for the first antenna group 5 are supplied to a feed point Rxl or Rx2.
- the supply points Rxl and Rx2 also serve as supply points for the transmit signals (downlink), ie as supply points Txl and Tx2, in order to transmit the signals for the two polarizations for the first antenna group 5 into the associated feed network Nil or N12 (polarization-dependent). feed.
- a corresponding feed network N21 and N22 is provided for the two polarization planes, whereby only receive signals R x (uplink) are received and as a rule no transmit signals T x (downlink) are transmitted. If a simple polarized antenna array is used, of course, only a corresponding feed network would for which a used polarization of the first and second antenna group can be provided.
- the explained antenna groups 5, 10 are in this case connected to a common transceiver unit SE, which consists for example of an antenna near or in the antenna (on the antenna mast) mounted remote radio head (RRH) or a remote radio head (RRH ). It is also possible that the transceiver unit additionally acts as a baseband unit and carries out corresponding processing, in particular intelligent methods.
- each antenna group again comprises five antenna subgroups 6, 11.
- Each of the antenna subgroups has at least one or more radiators 7, 12, as explained with reference to FIG. 8a.
- the first or lower antenna group 5 and the upper or second antenna group 10 with the antenna subgroups 6, 11 are only shown in simplified form.
- the individual antenna subgroups are marked continuously for the first antenna group 5 as well as for the second antenna group 10 from top to bottom with the individual assignments a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5, respectively.
- These antenna subgroups 6, 11 may be embodiments in which the emitters provided are simply polarized or dual polarized, as explained, in the form of a so-called X polarization, etc. Accordingly, the physical structure is dual polarized To perform emitters, as explained in principle with reference to Figure 8a.
- the amplitude distribution for the individual radiators of the individual antenna subgroups is shown in each case only for one polarization. In the case of dual polarized antennas, this generally applies correspondingly to both polarizations, ie to the signals received or transmitted via them. However, it is also possible to apply the amplitude distribution according to the invention only to one polarization or a use of different amplitude distributions according to the invention per polarization.
- the power or amplitude distribution is now shown to the right of each of the antenna subgroups on an associated horizontal X-axis. Since in the invention for the reception mode (uplink) of the base station preferably not only the first, but the first and the second antenna group 5, 10 is used, the power and / or amplitude distribution is not only for the first antenna group 5, but also for the second antenna group 10. To the right of this is the power and / or amplitude distribution for the first or lower Antenna group 5 shown, which is used only for the transmission mode, which is why only for the first antenna group 5, a corresponding amplitude distribution for the transmission mode (Tx operation) is present.
- Tx operation a corresponding amplitude distribution for the transmission mode
- a power or amplitude distribution in the reception mode alternating between a higher and a lower stage, e.g. between 0 dB and -3 dB. These are signal level levels.
- the invention also proposes that in transmitting or downlink operation only one antenna group, in the embodiment shown, the lower or first antenna group 5 is active, while the second or upper antenna array 10 is ineffective for the downlink operation, ie no signals are broadcast.
- a power tape ring is carried out, in which therefore a higher relative signal level is applied to the middle antenna subgroups 11 and / or the associated radiators 12 than to the outer or penultimate antenna subgroups 11.
- FIG. 2 shows, for a further embodiment according to the invention, how the relative power or amplitude distribution is set in a first receiving operation belonging to the invention.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that for the second antenna group 10, the associated lowest radiator 12 or the associated lowest antenna subgroup 11, which is identified by a5 in FIG. 2 and immediately adjacent (above) to the first or uppermost antenna subgroup 6 of the first or lower antenna group 5 marked al, with respect to all in the second antenna group 10 provided antenna subgroups 11 receives the highest power or amplitude. From this lowest-lying antenna subgroup 11 (which as indicated by a5 in FIG. 2), the power or amplitude distribution to the uppermost antenna subgroup 11 (which is identified by al in FIG. 2) decreases in steps, for example by -3 dB per antenna subgroup. As a result, the relative power or amplitude of the radiators belonging to the innermost or lowest antenna subgroup 11 to the radiators belonging to the outermost or highest antenna subgroup 11 decreases with the amplitude steps shown in FIG with the following steps (dB)
- the variants according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are intended only to prove that, in particular with regard to the second antenna group 10 In many areas, a different amplitude distribution is possible, but preferably one in which the amplitude in the lowest antenna subgroup 11 of the second antenna group 10 corresponds to the amplitude in the adjacent uppermost antenna subgroup 6 of the first antenna group 5.
- the specified amplitudes are normalized to the maximum.
- the amplitudes of the antenna groups via the transceiver unit SE are preferably adjusted so that both antenna groups are fed with substantially the same amplitude.
- the received signals in the transceiver unit SE are preferably weighted equally.
- a further modification is shown with reference to FIG.
- the amplitude distribution of the first antenna group 5 for the receive operation (uplink) from the lowest (outer) antenna subgroup (identified by a5 in FIG. 3) to the uppermost antenna subgroup 6 (with al marked in Figure 3) increases in steps of 3 dB.
- the amplitude distribution is made such that the amplitude of the uppermost in this case antenna subset 6 of the first antenna group 5 is equal to the amplitude of the adjacent thereto lowest antenna subgroup 11 of the second antenna array 10.
- the graduated amplitude curve with respect to Antenna subsets 11 of the second antenna group 10 otherwise corresponds to the course, as it was explained with reference to the embodiment 2.
- the amplitude distribution for the second antenna group 10 provided only for the reception mode can have preferred values within the scope of different variants.
- a Rx the relative amplitude of the outer or penultimate antenna subgroup 6 with respect to the highest amplitude of the antenna subgroups 6 of the first antenna group 5 at a reception frequency
- p x is the relative amplitude of the outer or next to last antenna subgroup 6 relative to the highest amplitude of the antenna subgroups 6 of the first antenna group 5 at a transmission frequency.
- the difference D means, as defined above, the respective amount of the difference.
- the lower limit for the aforementioned difference D can also be multiplied by 0.3 dB multiplied by the number Z of the antenna subgroups 6 of the first antenna group 5 or, in some cases, even greater than at least 0.4 dB with the number Z of the antenna subgroups
- the upper limit of the difference in question D is a maximum of 4.0 dB or a maximum of 3.0 dB or in some other cases even a maximum of 2.5 dB or even for some applications 2.0 dB each multiplied by the Number Z of the antenna subgroups 6 of the first antenna group 5 be.
- the external antenna subgroup is preferably that which is arranged on the side of the first antenna group which is preferably remote from the second or upper antenna group 10. If the first antenna group 5 is referred to as the next-to-last antenna subgroup 6, this is the antenna subgroup adjacent thereto, which is also preferably remote from the second or upper antenna group 10, but optionally also adjacent thereto (and therefore in the figures) 1 to 3 with a4 or a2 and in Figures 4 to 7 with a8 or a2 is characterized).
- FIGS. 4 to 7 Some further examples of solutions according to the invention are described below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7, namely, for example, an antenna array with a first and a second antenna group 5, 10, each comprising nine antenna subgroups 6 and 11, respectively.
- the antenna subgroups are labeled with al beginning at the top to a9 at the bottom of each antenna group.
- the associated relative amplitude or power distribution for the individual antenna subgroups and / or for the emitters provided in the antenna subgroups is first for the receive mode and again to the right of this, the amplitude distribution for the transmission mode is reproduced, which is unwound only via the first (lower) antenna group 5.
- FIG. 4 likewise describes a differently graduated amplitude pattern for the reception mode.
- an amplitude distribution takes place over three different level levels in such a way that the outermost antenna subgroups 6 of the first antenna group 5 as well as the outer antenna subgroup 11 of the second antenna group 10 are at the same relative amplitude level.
- the because neighboring penultimate antenna subgroups also have the same amplitude level, but lower by -3 dB.
- the difference D reproduced above is given for the first antenna group 5, once with respect to the outermost antenna subgroup and secondly with respect to the next to last antenna subgroup, in each case relative to the highest amplitude relative to this first one Antenna group 5 belonging to the antenna subgroup 6.
- the difference is calculated from the relative signal level, which is applied to the respective antenna subgroup in the receiving frequency range and the relative signal level at the respective antenna subgroup rests in the transmission frequency range. This difference results in a value of 12 dB or 6 dB.
- FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, show the corresponding further modified exemplary embodiments.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 Further modifications for an antenna according to the invention are shown with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, in which the first and second antenna groups likewise each comprise nine antenna subgroups 6 and 11, respectively.
- the amplitude gradations are executed in this embodiment for the reception operation across the antenna sub-groups as in the embodiment of FIG.
- the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9 shows a variant in which all the antenna subgroups 6 are supplied with the same signal level or amplitude.
- all antenna subgroups 6 of the first antenna group 5 receive a same signal level (are supplied in the same amplitude), only the antenna subgroups a4 and a6 having a signal level higher by a 3dB level obtained higher amplitude.
- the power and amplitude distribution with respect to the antenna subgroups 11 of the upper or second antenna group 10 is also in wide ranges can be chosen very differently.
- the amplitude distribution is preferably such that the amplitude of the lowermost antenna subgroup 11, which lies in the immediate vicinity of the lower or first antenna group 5, has an amplitude or power level, ie an amplitude which is preferably the same as the one Amplitude of the uppermost antenna subgroup 6 of the first antenna group 5, although here certain possible not too large amplitude differences nen can be provided NEN.
- these amplitude levels of the immediately adjacent antenna subgroups of the first antenna array at the same level so are fed with the same amplitude.
- the amplitude profile over the antenna subgroups 11 of the second antenna group 6 can also be configured very differently, as can be seen from the exemplary embodiments.
- the received signals of both antenna groups 5, 10 in the transceiver SE ie in the receiver or receiver, for example in the form of a remotely Radio heads or the like, via modern methods such as MRC (Maximum Ration Combining) or ERC (Equal Ratio Combining) or similar methods such as IRC or the like can be combined.
- the individual signals are weighted and corrected in amplitude and phase and optimally combined with each other.
- the result can also be expressed as a combined antenna program.
- amplitude gradations of, for example, 3 dB have been used.
- any other amplitude graduations may also be used here, for example graduations of 2 dB, 1.5 dB or even in increments which have at least partially different values from stage to stage.
- the amplitude gradation between two adjacent antenna subgroups will generally have a value between 1 dB and 4 dB, in particular between see 2 dB and 3 dB.
- phase shifters or phase shifter assemblies 15 are preferably mechanical phase shifters which are in particular electrically adjustable. Thus, therefore, a different reduction (downtilt) with respect to the first antenna group 5, but also with respect to the second antenna group 10 can be made.
- the down-turn setting of the first and second antenna groups 5, 10 is preferably coupled to one another. It is also possible via the transmitting and receiving unit to adjust or readjust the downtilt in the reception frequency range separately.
- the mentioned phase shifter 15 not only serve to adjust the vertical radiation pattern, but also preferably allow a frequency-dependent power distribution.
- the phase shifters for transmit or downlink operation (Tx) have a different power distribution than for receive or uplink operation (Rx).
- the frequency-dependent amplitude distribution is generally carried out in the feed network Nil, N12, N21 or N22, wherein, as mentioned, the frequency-dependent amplitude distribution is preferably determined by the phase characteristics mentioned. Slider can be realized in particular in the form of mechanical phase shifter.
- phase shifter is therefore not absolutely necessary for the invention and represents a preferred embodiment. Without a phase shifter one could also create a variant of this system with unchangeable or only conditionally changeable downtilt (only in the reception frequency range through the SE). Both for uplink and downlink operation, the phase shifters can be set so that the resulting electrical radiation diagrams allow the same vertical reduction (the same electric downtilt) or a different vertical lowering (electrical downtilt).
- the electronics explained in the context of the invention are designed such that at least two antenna groups 5, 10 are provided for the uplink or receive operation and an antenna group 5 for the transmit or downlink operation and the receive or uplink operation (or a multiple thereof ). It is also possible, for example, that further antenna groups are provided for the uplink operation, for example three antenna groups for the uplink operation (of the three antenna groups only one antenna group is additionally used for the downlink operation). Furthermore, it is again pointed out that applications are also conceivable in which both antenna groups are used in the transmission mode. Thus, in particular, for example, an intelligent method such as MIMO, SIMO or MISO can be used, just as the common operation of the antennas in downlink mode is possible, for example to achieve a higher antenna gain.
- MIMO, SIMO or MISO are known in the telecommunications industry to use multiple transmit and receive antennas for wireless communication, wherein the MIMO technology to the use of multiple transmit and receive antennas, in the SIMO technology to the use of a transmitting and multiple receiving antennas and the MISO technology is a transmission in which multiple transmit antennas but only one receiving antenna are used.
- the invention has been described with reference to antenna arrays that work with so-called X-polarized radiators, ie dual-polarized radiators. As mentioned, but it can also be simply polarized radiator. In particular when dual-polarized radiators are used, it is likewise possible for the amplitude distribution according to the invention to be applied only to one polarization or else the use of different amplitude distributions according to the invention for each polarization to be used.
- the active antenna system has been described generally.
- the active antenna system with the corresponding antenna groups and the antenna subgroups belonging to the individual antenna groups and the radiators or radiator devices belonging to the individual antenna subgroups can basically be used for a single-column antenna system as well as for a two-column or generally multi-column Antenna system find application.
- the described and claimed active antenna system may be provided in a column.
- corresponding active antenna systems can also be designed and / or provided in a second, a third or generally a plurality of further columns.
- the antenna gaps are usually oriented such that they either extend in the vertical direction or are slightly inclined relative to the vertical, that is to say at an angle of preferably less than 45 °, in particular less than 30 °, 15 °, 10 ° and in particular 5 °.
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012012090A DE102012012090A1 (de) | 2012-06-18 | 2012-06-18 | Aktives Antennensystem |
PCT/EP2013/001756 WO2013189581A1 (de) | 2012-06-18 | 2013-06-13 | Aktives antennensystem |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2862234A1 true EP2862234A1 (de) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2862234B1 EP2862234B1 (de) | 2018-09-26 |
Family
ID=48672556
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13730806.0A Not-in-force EP2862234B1 (de) | 2012-06-18 | 2013-06-13 | Aktives antennensystem |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2862234B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN104364965B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012012090A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX340075B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013189581A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10164345B2 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2018-12-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Antenna arrangement |
US10680346B2 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2020-06-09 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Antenna system with frequency dependent power distribution to radiating elements |
US10848219B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2020-11-24 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Virtual reality docking station |
DE102017223471A1 (de) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Aussenden und Empfangen elektromagnetischer Strahlung |
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DE4322863C2 (de) * | 1993-07-09 | 1995-05-18 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Mobilfunkantennenanlage |
SE510995C2 (sv) * | 1997-03-24 | 1999-07-19 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Aktiv sändnings/mottagnings gruppantenn |
GB0125349D0 (en) | 2001-10-22 | 2001-12-12 | Qinetiq Ltd | Antenna system |
FI20012473A (fi) | 2001-12-14 | 2003-06-15 | Nokia Corp | Menetelmä lähetyksen kontrolloimiseksi radiojärjestelmässä |
US20080102776A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2008-05-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Antenna for a Radio Base Station in a Mobile Cellular Telephony Network |
US7737879B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2010-06-15 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Split aperture array for increased short range target coverage |
US8300722B2 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2012-10-30 | Panasonic Corporation | Retransmission of data in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system |
EP2084844A2 (de) * | 2006-10-23 | 2009-08-05 | LG Electronics Inc. | Verfahren zum übertragen von daten unter verwendung von zyklischer verzögerungsdiversität |
CN101193436A (zh) * | 2006-11-29 | 2008-06-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种基站Node B中的物理层随机接入信道前导检测门限获得装置 |
CN101192707B (zh) * | 2007-12-03 | 2011-11-30 | 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 | 一种电调定向智能天线 |
CN101651474B (zh) * | 2008-08-12 | 2012-11-14 | 电信科学技术研究院 | 多天线零中频发射机及其校准方法 |
US8692730B2 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2014-04-08 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Mobile communication base station antenna |
CN102460828B (zh) * | 2009-06-08 | 2015-06-03 | 英特尔公司 | 用于无线网络的具有自适应预失真的多元件幅度和相位补偿天线阵列 |
US8285221B2 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2012-10-09 | Motorola Mobility Llc | Scalable self-calibrating and configuring radio frequency head for a wireless communication system |
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2013
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CN104364965B (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
WO2013189581A1 (de) | 2013-12-27 |
MX2014015381A (es) | 2015-03-05 |
DE102012012090A1 (de) | 2013-12-19 |
EP2862234B1 (de) | 2018-09-26 |
MX340075B (es) | 2016-06-24 |
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