EP2859196B1 - Système de transformation d'énergie - Google Patents

Système de transformation d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2859196B1
EP2859196B1 EP12737198.7A EP12737198A EP2859196B1 EP 2859196 B1 EP2859196 B1 EP 2859196B1 EP 12737198 A EP12737198 A EP 12737198A EP 2859196 B1 EP2859196 B1 EP 2859196B1
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energy
heat
cycle
storage
refrigeration
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2859196A1 (fr
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Klaus Herrmann
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Arano-Trade Ltd
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Arano-Trade Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether

Definitions

  • electric power is generated by various techniques, such as nuclear power plants, thermal power plants, renewable energy sources by chemical, thermal and mechanical conversion of nature's energy resources, such as wind, solar, biogas conversion, and liquefaction of air and its conversion to oxygen, nitrogen and other gases.
  • Regenerative energies can only be produced and stored sporatically, since they depend on the natural conditions of wind and heat from solar radiation and on the storage capacities of the central grids.
  • the existing power generation, conversion and reconversion plants either have too little or no storage. This has the consequence that the energy generated must be conducted mainly directly into the central power line networks.
  • the tanks in such plants are pure product stores and the products are used exclusively outside the plants.
  • the energies already mentioned, such as cold, heat and gases, which are generated by their manufacturing process are lost unused.
  • These air liquefaction plants are technologically costly, since the products they produce with special transporters to the user need to be transported, and low energy efficiency, due to the resulting energy losses in product production.
  • an air separation process in which oxygen and nitrogen and possibly natural gases are discharged separately via product gas lines, characterized in that at least one branch gas line is connected to a product gas line, which is guided via a heat exchanger that liquefied at least two memory for two different Gases are provided. Again, this is pure product memory.
  • the DE 2434238 provides a method for storing and recovering energy, wherein in times of low energy demand, a gaseous auxiliary energy carrier is liquefied and stored almost without pressure, while in times of greater energy demand, the gaseous auxiliary energy carrier is compressed, warmed and relaxed work. This storage method is based only on the storage of individual products.
  • ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
  • the ORC processes are broken down into different individual processes to regulate the resulting energies. It accounts for more than 90% of the electrical power consumption from the grid in the form of heat, which is passed into a cooling circuit and also goes unused about the water outlet temperatures. The plants generate process-related energies that are returned to the environment unused. Moreover, this method is not suitable in the known forms for reconversion.
  • a superconducting current storage is disclosed with a storage coil consisting of several sub-coils, these are characterized in that when charging a part or all sub-coils are connected in series and a part or all sub-coils are connected in parallel during discharging. Furthermore, separate discharge coils are provided, which are magnetically coupled to the sub-coils, wherein the number of sub-coils connected in parallel is adjustable during discharge. These plants are pure electricity storage and are only used as such.
  • the storage coil is constructed with a plurality of successive in the longitudinal direction of the storage coil segments, which are individually prefabricated and combined under electrical wiring to a storage coil.
  • the interconnections of the DE 3739411 C1 provided and a variety of materials for the superconductors and their various forms of construction disclosed, which can be produced in a simple manner and optionally storage coils with smaller and larger storage capacity. All of the above-described methods and installations are localized, since the energy resources used by them are only available on site. The energy that is generated must be transported via appropriate networks. The exergia produced in the manufacturing process are mostly not used and are lost to the environment unused.
  • the object of the invention is to increase the overall efficiency of industrial production by, for example, storing waste heat in a thermal energy store in order to generate electricity therefrom.
  • the invention seeks to increase the efficiency of the overall system by means of a waste heat recovery system.
  • a waste heat recovery circuit a storage medium from a continuous heat source, consisting of waste heat that otherwise escapes into the atmosphere and is wasted, is passed into a heat pump cycle in a heat recovery cycle.
  • the heat of the storage medium for example water
  • a working medium for example hydrocarbon
  • the temperature of the working medium can be increased step by step from 38 to 130 ° C via a returning heat pump process.
  • the storage medium water that heats the working fluid thus regenerates thermal energy or by expanding the working fluid mechanical energy.
  • a heat storage medium is heated from a low temperature to the heat recovery temperature.
  • the working medium is heated by cooling the heat storage medium and the heat recovery temperature is cooled, etc.
  • the described thermoelectric energy storage (0043) includes four modes that can be combined depending on the instantaneous availability of the waste heat. They require considerable electricity costs.
  • the heat recovery circuit will only work if the waste heat source is available (0045).
  • the four modes of operation in the invention relate to four different heat cycles.
  • the first operating mode is the Heat Recovery Heat Recovery Circuit (0048) - (0049), (0060).
  • a disadvantage of this described process is that the various heat pump circuits stage and thus slowly generates electricity. In this process, large amounts of heat are generated at the same time, especially in the summer, when the memory is full, evaporates without economic value.
  • the waste heat recovery works only when the waste heat source is available. Excess waste heat is then pumped into the water using a heat pump.
  • the second mode is the heat pump cycle where cheap electricity can be used.
  • This mode uses the electrical power proportional to the difference in temperature from heat sources of heat and from the desired temperature of the hot water tank.
  • the third operating mode is a heat engine cycle (0065), (0067), (0069) - (0071), which is operated at the highest electricity prices. To generate electricity from the heat currently generated, an additional heat engine must convert the waste heat into electricity.
  • the fourth operating mode is based on an additional heat engine cycle (0072) for continuous power generation. This mode can not be used if the electrical energy storage operation is used. It is described that all modes of operation can be used in parallel to the others. However, their function is linked to various conditions (0069) - (0073), which in turn is detrimental to a continuous process.
  • the method is a decentralized and adiabatic energy transformation system, with the mechanical energy from the air liquefaction and decomposition, kinetic energy, from kinetic and thermal energy sources, and electric energy from external power and independent of this from process waste heat from own plants, from mechanical energy, regenerative thermal energies, as well as energy from wind and solar plants need to be stored separately and in individually required quantities at the place of consumption, that with the decentralized adiabatic energy transformation system process heat and cold, Regenerating environmental heat, compression, decompression and fuel heat from regenerative sources, or directly converting it into mechanical and kinetic energy, is such that the energy storage, energy conversion and reconversion processes are interconnected, that the basic process steps, power generation, storage and reconversion, according to the respective existing energy resources and the energy requirements at a local consumer, are carried out as cold-led, heat-managed or current-carrying system and that the cold, heat and power systems individually or in Combination constantly working in a steady state and, if necessary, immediately
  • the energy transformation system has the advantage that it can be adapted independently of the location of the consumer to its individual energy requirements and the locally available energy resources. It can be used as a compact and specially adapted process system. It should be emphasized that the regenerative treatment of functionally incurred accrued previously unused exergy, for example, from compressed air systems, heating systems, air conditioning, freezer, air conditioning systems, emergency oxygen devices, etc., and their conversion is ensured in electricity. All energy flows and their manifestations can be used economically.
  • the decentralized and adiabatic energy transformation system works with heat of compression during storage and with cold during reconversion and ensures continuous operation in steady state. It keeps the operating state of the system between power generation, storage and reconversion constantly in equilibrium and thus in an economically advantageous area.
  • the system can be controlled immediately and, if necessary, on demand performance by load management.
  • the reverse power is first the environmental heat, then the process heat, then the power from the power storage, such as excess electricity from the grid and wind power and photovoltaic systems to be incorporated, from thermal power plants with night power and last from the oxidation of biomass, hydrogen and biogas and the Used fuel heat.
  • the basic supply of the consumer and the constant operation of the system in steady state can be secured. Due to the three different storage systems, which complement each other, the system is also able to provide island supply without external power. Expansion circuits also load the kinetic energy storage systems and the electricity storage systems.
  • the charging and discharging as well as the continuous power supply are regulated as required by the consumer via the load management.
  • the efficiency of the reconversion in the combined or individual systems depends on the on-site energy resources and their own energy needs.
  • the consumer is protected and external power must be removed only at low-load times from the central networks, which in turn saves costs and helps to relieve the networks.
  • the consumer can decide for himself when he wants to remove what amounts of energy from the network and what energies he wants to take inexpensively from cheaper resources, self-generated energy or surplus energy of his own production from their own power storage.
  • thermal energy and pressure energy using the pressure gradient is to be supplied to an expansion circuit and to include a part of the mechanical energy and the cooling energy via the cooling water circuit of a compressor again in the storage process for mechanical energy and the heat of compression of the compressor from the waste heat of the cooling circuit a generator and a circulation pressure pump is fed, the own power consumption is low and the reconversion by the return of gaseous working fluid, its pressure energy and cold energy below the ambient temperature takes place from an expansion circuit and the integration and retrieval of mechanical energy from the expansion circuit, the irreversible expansion of a refrigerant evaporator during storage of the working fluid air and the precooling of the working fluid through the cooling circuit of the circulation pressure pump from a heat exchanger, wherein the generated energy in a partially closed loop is due to the work cycle of the refrigerated system and another part of the liquefied air, which arises during reconversion, to maintain the steady state of an Organic Rankine cycle process is available.
  • the system according to the invention is also adapted to the need to use individually as a thermally-controlled system in which the working fluid is heated by additional heat energy from renewable fuels to be processed in an evaporation process, isentropically expanded in the expansion circuit in several stages, and the entire refrigeration capacity in the Organic Rankine cycle process is to be consumed and that pressurized, cold liquefied air is to be passed through several circuits of an air heat exchanger, where it is to be heated, gasified and regulated to be passed into the evaporation process.
  • compressed fuel can also be fed from a fuel tank via a pressure pump and the solid fuel is first gasified, then compressed and then passed into the evaporation process.
  • the efficiency of the reconversion including the coverage of compressed air and industrial gas requirements for a furnace, is higher than that of a refrigerated system, it has a much lower own electricity and production cooling and process cooling, and a very high overall efficiency through the use of waste heat the production.
  • the refrigerant circuit in the consumer and the cold discharged from a heat exchanger and the cold required for the Organic Rankine Cycle process are available.
  • the current-guided system adapted to the need to use individually, by the current-carrying system with external power or independently of this at least a multi-stage expansion circuit of mechanical energy to load and with the working fluid from the air stored in the expansion circuit mechanical energy or be supplied with the refrigerant from the Organic Rankine cycle process, these processes are simultaneously run in parallel or in series and the working medium air is heated with the heat of compression from the compression circuit of a base compressor to heat the waste heat of a production process or with excess heat and stored thermal energy, the refrigerant from oxygen-poor liquid air, especially liquid nitrogen, from a nitrogen-rich zone of a pressure condenser from the air liquefaction process usable, the refrigerant is to perform work in a working process, the environmental heat and waste heat of the power storage process, from the charging and discharging process, by short-term energy pulses infinitely repeatable, thereby keeping the required transition temperature of the storage process for kinetic energy safely and that a pressure pump increases the operating pressure for a multi-stage
  • the decentralized and adiabatic energy transformation system must be adapted locally to a consumer and taking into account the individual conditions as well as the existing and resulting energy resources, with unnecessary procedures from the outset can be left out if they are not required.
  • the cold-run system is used by a consumer who has a high demand for cold save power and where the heat energy resulting from the manufacturing process is absorbed, converted and stored.
  • the heat-driven system is used when the consumer needs a lot of heat in addition to electricity.
  • a current-carrying system is used when the consumer needs a lot of electricity and heat and cold can be converted back into electricity as controllable by-products and stored.
  • the decentralized and adiabatic energy transformation system makes it possible to retrieve electric energy from the individual storage processes at peak load times, to market it at a high surplus on the power exchange, and to take electricity from the central networks inexpensively in low-load periods.
  • the block diagram, according to Fig.1 shows that the decentralized and adiabatic energy transformation system according to the invention is subdivided essentially into three basic process sequences. It includes a recording procedure adapted to individual requirements and conditions for all forms of energy. With this recording method, it is able to absorb process waste heat, environmental heat, electricity surplus from the grid of wind power and photovoltaic systems, from thermal power plants with night power, from oxidation of biomass, hydrogen and biogas. Depending on the type, from the recording process it passes on the absorbed energy forms either directly into the three possible storage processes for mechanical energy, kinetic energy and electricity or into the conversion and reconversion processes.
  • the converted and recovered energy can be directed into the storage processes.
  • the storage processes and of the conversion and gearing processes can be returned as needed, the respective required amounts of the various generated and stored forms of energy either directly into the existing on-site manufacturing process, or in the energy transformation system to maintain its internal work processes or for purchase for other consumers or for sale at the Electricity exchange can be retrieved.
  • the energy to be produced in this way, back to leading and to be taken away, are electricity, liquid gases and air and nitrogen produced therefrom and pure oxygen as well as heat, cold and pressurized gas.
  • the energy transformation system described consists of a combination of all possible systems, namely the cold-guided, the heat-guided and the current-guided system.
  • these processes can also be used individually or combined differently depending on requirements and conditions.
  • this energy transformation system can work independently of the season, because it can compensate energy surpluses in certain seasons and energy requirements to third parties that are not available.

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé d'absorption, de production, de conversion décentralisées et individuelles et de fourniture continue d'énergie électrique, dans lequel le procédé est un système de transformation d'énergie adiabatique décentralisé par le biais duquel de l'énergie mécanique est stockée séparément, en fonction des besoins et dans des quantités individuellement nécessaires, à l'emplacement d'un consommateur, la chaleur et le froid de processus, la chaleur ambiante, la chaleur de compression, de décompression et de combustible provenant de sources régénératives sont reconverties en courant ou transformées directement en énergie mécanique et en énergie cinétique, dans lequel les processus d'accumulation d'énergie, de conversion d'énergie et de reconversion en courant sont reliés les uns aux autres de telle sorte que la production d'électricité, l'accumulation et la reconversion en courant sont mises en oeuvre en fonction des ressources énergétiques présentes et des exigences chez le consommateur sur place, en formant un système basé sur la production de froid, sur la production de chaleur ou sur la production de courant, dans lequel les systèmes travaillent individuellement ou en combinaison dans un état d'inertie et, si besoin est, sont réglés par une gestion de charge en fonction du débit à la demande nécessaire, et par l'intermédiaire desquels de l'énergie électrique est appelée à partir des processus d'accumulation individuels durant les temps de pic de charge et est commercialisée à la bourse d'énergie dans le cas d'un surplus important, et, durant les temps de charge basse, de l'énergie électrique est prélevée dans les réseaux centraux,
    - dans lequel, dans le système basé sur la production de froid,
    du milieu liquide de travail provenant d'un processus d'accumulation d'énergie mécanique est amené à un cycle frigorifique, de l'énergie thermique et de l'énergie de pression sont amenées à un cycle d'expansion en utilisant le gradient de pression, et une partie de l'énergie mécanique et de l'énergie frigorifique est à nouveau reçue dans le processus d'accumulation d'énergie mécanique via un cycle d'eau de refroidissement d'un compresseur, et la chaleur de compression du compresseur provenant de la chaleur perdue du cycle d'eau de refroidissement est amenée à un générateur et à une pompe de refoulement de cycle, le propre besoin en courant étant faible,
    se fait la reconversion en courant par recyclage de milieu gazeux de travail, de son énergie de pression et d'énergie frigorifique au-dessous de la température ambiante à partir d'un cycle d'expansion, et se fait l'intégration et l'appel de la production d'énergie mécanique à partir du cycle d'expansion, l'expansion irréversible d'un évaporateur d'agent réfrigérant durant l'accumulation du milieu de travail qui est de l'air, ainsi que le pré-refroidissement du milieu de travail par le cycle frigorifique de la pompe de refoulement de cycle à partir d'un échangeur de chaleur,
    - dans lequel, dans le système basé sur la production de chaleur,
    le milieu de travail qui est de l'air est chauffé par de l'énergie thermique supplémentaire provenant de combustibles renouvelables qui sont traités dans un processus d'évaporation, est détendu de manière isentropique en plusieurs étapes dans le cycle d'expansion, et la puissance frigorifique complète est consommée dans un processus de cycle organique Rankine, et de l'air froid liquéfié sous pression est guidé à travers une pluralité de cycles d'un échangeur de chaleur à air, est chauffé, gazéifié et mené de manière réglée dans le processus d'évaporation,
    - dans lequel le système basé sur la production de courant est chargé de courant étranger ou, indépendamment de celui-ci, d'énergie mécanique via au moins un cycle d'expansion à plusieurs étages, est alimenté en ledit milieu de travail qui est de l'air provenant de l'énergie mécanique accumulée dans le cycle d'expansion, à partir du processus de cycle organique Rankine,
    utilise de l'agent réfrigérant d'air liquide pauvre en oxygène, en particulier d'azote liquide, d'une zone riche en azote d'un condenseur de pression du processus de liquéfaction d'air, ledit agent réfrigérant absorbe la chaleur ambiante et la chaleur perdue du processus d'accumulation de courant, à partir de l'opération de charge et de décharge, par de courtes impulsions d'énergie,
    augmente la pression de service pour un cycle d'expansion à plusieurs étages par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe de refoulement, l'agent réfrigérant traverse l'évaporateur tout en étant transformé en milieu gazeux de travail et est ramené en partie, via un consommateur frigorifique, au côté aspiration d'un compresseur de base, ou l'agent réfrigérant est ramené froid et gazeux au côté aspiration du compresseur de base, sans l'utilisation du cycle d'expansion, directement par une soupape de réglage ou à trois voies, et
    est ainsi ramené dans le cycle de travail du système de transformation d'énergie.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le système basé sur la production de froid, l'énergie générée lors de la reconversion en courant est à ramener à l'intérieur d'un cycle en partie fermé dans le cycle de travail du - système basé sur la production de froid, et une autre partie de l'air liquéfié produit lors de la reconversion en courant est utilisée pour maintenir l'état d'inertie du processus de cycle organique Rankine.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le système basé sur la production de chaleur, le milieu de travail qui est de l'air est chauffé par de l'énergie thermique supplémentaire provenant de combustibles renouvelables qui sont traités dans un processus d'évaporation, est détendu de manière isentropique en plusieurs étapes dans le cycle d'expansion, et la puissance frigorifique complète est à consommer dans un processus de cycle organique Rankine.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les processus dans le système basé sur la production de courant sont à mettre en oeuvre en même temps parallèlement ou en série, et le milieu de travail qui est de l'air est à chauffer avec la chaleur de compression provenant du cycle de compression d'un compresseur de base, avec la chaleur perdue d'un processus de production, avec de la chaleur excédentaire ainsi qu'avec de l'énergie thermique accumulée.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le système basé sur la production de courant, l'agent réfrigérant est à mettre en oeuvre de manière à fournir du travail dans un processus de travail, dans lequel l'agent réfrigérant absorbe la chaleur ambiante et la chaleur perdue du processus d'accumulation de courant, de l'opération de charge et de décharge, répétable de manière infinie par de courtes impulsions d'énergie, afin de maintenir d'une manière sûre la température nécessaire de transition du processus d'accumulation d'énergie cinétique.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que, dans le système basé sur la production de froid, basé sur la production de chaleur ou basé sur la production de courant, de l'énergie électrique est à appeler à partir des processus d'accumulation individuels durant les temps de pic de charge et est à commercialiser à la bourse d'énergie dans le cas d'un surplus important, et, durant les temps de charge basse, de l'énergie électrique est à prélever à un prix intéressant dans les réseaux centraux et est à compléter.
EP12737198.7A 2012-06-11 2012-06-11 Système de transformation d'énergie Active EP2859196B1 (fr)

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CN110005543B (zh) * 2019-03-28 2023-07-25 浙江大学 一种基于热泵储电技术的分布式联合发电系统及其方法
CN113346528B (zh) * 2021-05-28 2022-09-30 北京能高自动化技术股份有限公司 一种基于氢储能构建的多能联供式调峰站及调峰方法
CN113821004A (zh) * 2021-08-23 2021-12-21 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 建筑能量管理的优化方法、装置及设备

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WO2013185783A1 (fr) 2013-12-19

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