Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
  • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
  • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
  • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
  • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
  • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
  • E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a construction element of parallelepipedal general shape comprising a porous silico-limestone material and can be used in the construction of a wall.
• Terracotta bricks called “monomur”, or cement, called “cinderblock”, honeycomb structure, are widely used for the construction of walls, floors, partitions or other elements of buildings.
• These bricks are usually composed of empty cells (not filled) more or less large, more or less different shape, to increase the thermal insulation.
• These structures are composed of cells of reduced size to limit thermal convection and have low wall thicknesses to limit the conduction effect.
• the interior space of the cells of these building bricks is usually empty. When a temperature gradient exists within a cell, the air contained in this cell moves by convection. The direct consequence is a decrease in the thermal resistance of the system.
• One of the solutions implemented to minimize the convective effects is to reduce the size of the cells, but this solution is limited by (i) a technical implementation of the bricks more and more complex, (ii) larger quantities of material (iii) the appearance of conduction phenomena by larger sherds.
• this inorganic material generally porous, is due to its micro structure to give a "mechanical strength to the air", namely to trap the air so as to minimize the effects of convection.
• the solution is to reduce as much as possible the cross section of the sherds oriented in the direction of the heat flow (direction 1).
• document FR 2521 197 A1 mentions clay bricks with cells filled with "a cellular material with high thermal insulation”.
• the materials proposed for the filling of the cells are: "a polyurethane foam, a polystyrene foam, or any other fibrous material (glass wool or rock) or divided (cork agglomerate)”.
• the disadvantage of this solution is the low mechanical strength of the agglomerates, which entails a risk of deterioration of these packing masses during transport and assembly of these elements. It should be noted the low cohesive power of this structure inducing particular risks of loss of material during drilling, cutting, ... walls for example. It is also worth noting the settlement of the grains several years after the laying of the building elements, which ultimately leads to the reduction of the insulating power. Also the use of organic binders or hydrophobic agent substantially reduces the thermal resistance of these materials and increases the risk of fire resistance.
• the disadvantage of all the solutions presented above is the low mechanical resistance to compression and the lack or absence of adhesion between the brick and the insulation material. This implies the need to ensure the mechanical strength of a building brick only by the shards of clay and to have on the sides of the brick shards of significant thickness. This induces the presence of thermal bridges made of thick clay sherds at the junction between two bricks.
• a solution of the present invention is a construction element of generally parallelepipedal shape comprising at least two cells 1 delimited by internal shards 2 and peripheral shards 3, opening on a first opposite face and second face of the parallelepiped and comprising a porous material silico-limestone 4, the first and second faces of the parallelepiped comprising two edges 5 oriented in a first direction 1 and two edges 6 oriented in a second direction 2, in which at least 70% of the volume of the parallelepiped is characterized by the absence continuous passage between the shards oriented in the direction 2.
• the construction element according to the invention there is no continuous passage formed by the sherds allowing the heat to pass from one of the two edges oriented in the direction 2 to the other directed stop in direction 2.
• the porous silico-limestone material has sufficient mechanical strength to participate in the compressive strength of the construction element. Also, this compressive strength makes it possible to reduce the quantity of sherds and / or their sections, to avoid the continuous passages between the sherds and thus to reduce the effects of thermal conduction.
• this porous silico-calcareous material makes it possible, because of its micro structure, to give a mechanical strength to the air or to the vacuum, namely to trap the air (or vacuum) so as to minimize the effects of convection. .
• Figure 2 shows a diagram of a building brick according to the prior art showing continuous passages between the inner shards oriented in the direction 2.
• FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a building block according to the invention showing the absence of continuous passages between the sherds oriented in the direction 2.
• the cells are completely filled with the porous silico-calcareous material.
• the building element according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
• At least 80%, preferably at least 90%, even more preferably 100%) of the volume of the parallelepiped is characterized by the absence of continuous passage between the shards oriented in the direction 2;
• the ratio between the surface of the sherds present on the first or second face and the total surface of this same face of the parallelepiped is between 20 and 32%;
• the first and second faces of the parallelepiped are each characterized by a total surface area of the sherds of between 20,000 and 35,000 mm 2 , for a total surface of said parallelepiped face of between 90,000 and 130,000 mm 2 ;
• the peripheral shards oriented in the second direction 2 have rectangular openings with a width of between 6 mm and 20 mm and a length of between 20 and 35 mm;
• the cells are of different sizes
• the porous material comprises 25% by weight to 75% by mass of silica, from 75% by weight to 25% by mass of calcium hydroxide, and from 0 to 5% by mass of magnesia and having a microstructure composed of nodules and / or crystals under shaped needles so as to provide pores of average diameter D50 between 0.1 and 10 ⁇ , and so that said porous material has a porosity of between 60 and 95%;
• the porous material has a micro-structure composed of nodules and / or crystals in the form of needles and possibly of elementary grains so as to provide pores with an average diameter D50 of between 0.1 and ⁇ ;
• the porous material has a mechanical strength of between 5 and 40 kg / cm 2, preferably between 10 and 30 kg / cm 2 and a thermal conductivity of between 50 and 150 mW / ° Km, preferably less than 100 mW / ° Km;
• the porous material comprises at least 70% by weight of crystalline phase (s); the crystalline phase also contains one or more silico-calcareous phases representing 0 to 50% of the weight of the porous material;
• sand-lime phases are selected from the xonotlite, the foshagite, tobermorite 11A, tobermorite 9A, the riversidéite 9A, the Trabzonite [Ca 4 Si30io .2H 2 0], the Rosenhahnite [Ca 3 SÎ308 (OH) 2] Kilalaite [Ca 6 Si 4 O 4 , H 2 O], and Gyrolite;
• the cells have profiled or grooved walls
• peripheral shards comprise at least one stud designed to anchor in the groove of a second building element
• said building element is a terracotta brick.
• the present invention also relates to a wall comprising one or more building elements according to the invention, wherein the first direction 1 is oriented in the direction of the thickness of the wall.
• the porous material used in the invention is totally inorganic which gives it excellent properties in terms of fire resistance (maintenance of mechanical properties at high temperature), reduction of toxic emissions in case of fire, reduction dust or fiber emissions, ...
• the porous material preferably fills all the spaces of the brick because the latter serves as a mold during the shaping of the insulation. This facilitates the filling and adhesion and avoids any space between the brick and the porous material, space in which the air could circulate by convection. This could result in loss of insulation performance.
• the porous material used also reduces the transmission of sound waves through the building element.
• the sound transmission is generally reduced when passing between two materials of different density.
• all the materials used in the construction of the building element according to the invention are natural and recyclable.
• the building elements are made from extruded clay to give it the desired shape.
• Clay is a material consisting of leaflets that orient in the direction of extrusion.
• the thermal conductivity of clay sherds is different in the direction considered: 0.54 W / m in direction 1 and 0.37 W / m in direction 2.
• the transfer of heat through the brick is mainly in the direction 1, between the outside of the building and the interior. Two modes of transfer are predominant, the conduction through the material of the brick and the convection of the air trapped in the openings of the brick.
• the solution most often used is to fill it with a porous material that prevents the convective movements of the air.
• the most commonly cited materials are organic foams (polyurethane), mineral wools, organic insulation.
• these insulators are pre-cut and inserted into the openings of the brick.
• the porous silico-calcareous material is synthesized in the brick itself, using the latter as a mold. This has the advantage of completely filling the opening of the brick without space between the shard and the insulation. Space could lead to convective phenomena that would reduce thermal insulation performance. In contrast, tamping an organic foam type insulation, would lead to an insulation material of higher density and therefore lower insulation performance.
• the conduction of heat through the brick is essentially ensured by the shards of clay.
• Three approaches are possible to reduce the conduction, 1) increase the porosity of the clay by adding a porogen like perlite, 2) reduce the quantity of shard 3) introduce discontinuities of shards between the two faces of the brick.
• the term discontinuity means the absence of continuous passage between the sherds oriented in the direction 2.
• the inorganic insulating material provided in this invention has sufficient strength and sherbidity to prevent passage continuous between the sherds oriented in the direction 2 while maintaining the mechanical properties of the structural element and allowing its handling and transport.
• the conduction of heat into the shards, which is one of the most important heat transfer modes in constructions, is therefore reduced and the wall insulation performance improved.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=47172755

Family Applications (1)

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Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2012
  • 2012-06-11 FR FR1255424A patent/FR2991701B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-06-07 WO PCT/FR2013/051320 patent/WO2013186471A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2013-06-07 EP EP13731393.8A patent/EP2859161A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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