EP2859157A1 - Dispositif d'isolation thermique - Google Patents
Dispositif d'isolation thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2859157A1 EP2859157A1 EP13727930.3A EP13727930A EP2859157A1 EP 2859157 A1 EP2859157 A1 EP 2859157A1 EP 13727930 A EP13727930 A EP 13727930A EP 2859157 A1 EP2859157 A1 EP 2859157A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- films
- flexible films
- thermal insulation
- flexible
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005511 kinetic theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
- E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
- E04B1/806—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with air or gas pockets included in the slab
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of thermal insulation of buildings.
- Theoretical models predict a minimum of the thermal conductivity of conventional insulating materials (solid matrix containing air) of the order of 29mW / m.K. Forty years of incremental progress since the first fabrications of these materials bring today to this minimum. To go really further, and especially to cross the threshold of the thermal conductivity of the air (25mW / m.K), it is necessary to change thermal concept. Different paths can be put forward which lead to as many insulating concepts with increasing energy stakes and complexity of use.
- nano-structured materials that make it possible to envisage super insulators operating at atmospheric pressure
- thermal insulation devices examples include US-A-3968831, US-A-3167159, DE-A-19647567, US-A-5433056, DE-A-1409994, US-A-3920953, SU-A-2671441, US-A-5014481, US-A-34363224, DE-A-4300839.
- US-A-5014481 discloses a device comprising a box whose internal volume is divided into many layers or air gaps by a series of parallel flexible sheets.
- the document indicates that the device has a thermal conduction pattern when the sheets are contiguous and instead a thermal insulation configuration when the sheets are separated.
- Such a device although attractive in theory because it is supposed to allow switching between two states with different thermal insulation properties by fluidic type control, however did not experience any real development. Indeed, it has truly advantageous thermal insulation properties only if there are a large number of flexible sheets defining between them a large number of layers or air gaps. Such a device is however difficult to produce, cumbersome and expensive.
- the document WO-A-03/054456 attempted to improve the situation by proposing a device comprising a panel defined by two partitions separated by spacers and delimiting a chamber placed at ambient pressure or in depression and which houses a deformable membrane.
- the membrane is punctually connected to a first partition at a thermally insulating point. It is also pinched between the spacers and the second partition.
- potentials of opposite polarities are applied to the membrane and the second partition while potentials of the same polarity are applied to the first partition and the membrane, the latter is pressed against the second partition.
- potential polarity opposing are applied to the membrane and the first partition while potentials of the same polarity are applied to the second wall and the membrane, the latter is pressed against the first wall.
- the present invention now aims to provide a new thermal insulation device which has superior qualities to the state of the art in terms of cost, industrialization, efficiency and reliability, in particular.
- a thermal insulation device in particular for building, comprising at least one panel comprising two walls separated by a peripheral main spacer to define a gas-tight chamber, and at least two flexible films arranged in said chamber and adapted to be selectively switched between two states: one of thermal conduction in which said flexible films are at least partially in contact with each other and the other of thermal insulation in which the flexible films are separated, under the influence of pressure variations within said sealed chamber applied by fluidic control means, characterized in that in the thermal insulation state the distance separating the flexible films is less than the free average path of the gas molecules occupying the volume defined between said flexible films.
- the present invention also relates to a thermal insulation management method by controlling the pressure within a gas-tight inner chamber, a panel comprising two walls separated by a peripheral main spacer defining the aforementioned sealed chamber, and at least two flexible films arranged in said chamber and adapted to be selectively switched between two states: one of thermal conduction in which said flexible films are at least partially in mutual contact and the other of thermal insulation in which the flexible films are separated, under the influence of pressure variations within said sealed chamber applied by fluidic control means, characterized in that it comprises the steps of switching the pressure in said sealed chamber of the panel between a high pressure such as the films are in contact on a substantial part of their surface, in order to place the positive in a state of thermal conduction, and a low pressure such that the pressure p in compartments defined between the films imposes a gap between the films lower than -r ⁇ -, in which relation
- k represents the Boltzmann constant
- d represents the diameter of the gas molecules
- T represents the absolute temperature
- the present invention makes it possible to have thermal insulation components capable of varying their thermal resistance between a value of almost zero and a very high value, typically close to or greater than 10 m 2 KW for a thickness. very weak, for example at least less than 1cm.
- FIG. 3 represents a view of an improved device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows another variant of the device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 and the following appended figures show a thermal insulation panel 100 according to the present invention comprising two main walls 110, 120 separated by a main peripheral spacer 102 to form a sealed chamber 104.
- the thickness of the spacer 102 and therefore of the chamber 104, considered perpendicular to the walls 110 and 120, is very much smaller than the two orthogonal dimensions extending parallel to the walls 110 and 120.
- the chamber 104 is placed in depression, that is to say at a pressure below atmospheric pressure or left at atmospheric pressure.
- the internal pressure of the chamber 104 is of the order of a few Pascals when said chamber 104 is placed in depression, for example of the order of 10 Pa.
- the chamber 104 houses at least two films 150, 160.
- the films 150, 160 are flexible. They extend parallel to the walls 110,
- the peripheral edge of the films 150, 160 is fixed, for example pinched, in the mass of the peripheral spacer 102, by means which guarantee the gas-tightness at this level.
- the main walls 110, 120 and / or the films 150, 160 may be optically opaque or optically transparent at least in the visible range (wavelength of 0.4-0.8 ⁇ ).
- the films 150, 160 are advantageously of low emissivity material in the infrared range.
- the films 150, 160 have an emission coefficient (defined as being the ratio between the emission of said films and the emission of a black body) of less than 0.1 and preferably less than 0.04, for the lengths wavelengths greater than 0.78pm.
- the two films 150 and 160 are separated and thus define between them sealed compartments 158.
- the resting pressure in the compartments 158 defined between the flexible films 150, 160 is preferably lower than the average pressure prevailing in the chamber 104.
- the distance d1 separating the flexible films 150, 160 is smaller than the average free path of the molecules. of gas occupying the volume defined between the flexible films 150, 160.
- this feature allows to have a device with very high thermal insulation properties without requiring a significant thickness.
- the films 150, 160 being placed halfway from the walls 110, 120, they divide the chamber 104 into two sub-chambers 104a and 104b located respectively on either side of the compartments 158.
- the chamber 104 is connected to pressure control means 170 allowing, by changing the pressure within the chamber 104, to selectively switch the device between two states: a state illustrated in FIG. 1 of thermal insulation in which the flexible films 150 and 160 are separated and a state shown in Figure 2 of thermal conduction in which the flexible films 150 and 160 are at least partially in contact with each other.
- the switching of the thermal insulation state illustrated in FIG. 1, in the state of thermal conduction illustrated on FIG. FIG. 2 is obtained by increasing the pressure within the chamber 104 under the effect of the means 170.
- the means 170 communicate with the two sub-chambers 104a, 104b, constituting the chamber 104 and disposed respectively on either side of the films 150, 160.
- the device according to the present invention has properties remarkably superior to those of devices according to the state of the art through the reduction of thermal conduction obtained in the rarefied gas present between the flexible films 150, 160.
- the distance between the films 150, 160 being smaller than the average free path of the gas molecules, the intermolecular shocks, responsible for the heat transmission in a conventional conduction, are extremely rare in a device according to the present invention.
- shocks occur, for the most part, only between the gas molecules and the films 150, 160.
- the films 150, 160 can be kept apart, in the thermal insulation position, by different means.
- the films 150, 160 can be kept apart by electrostatic charging of the films, that is to say by applying an identical potential on the different films, with respect to the housing composing the device, in particular with respect to the walls 110, 120 .
- the bringing together of the films 150, 160 in order to switch them to the close position of thermal conduction can also be aided by electrostatic control by placing the adjacent films at opposite polarities.
- An electrostatic control variant is not to repel the films by a repulsive electrostatic force by charging the films to the same potential, but by plating the deformable flexible films 150, 160 against additional films or support plates thanks to attractive electrostatic forces by charging deformable flexible films and support films associated with opposite potentials.
- the flexible films 150, 160 are kept apart by spacers 140.
- the spacers 140 comprise end sections 142, 144 which rest on the internal surfaces of the walls 110, 120 and a medial intermediate element 146 placed between the flexible films 150, 160.
- the flexible films 150, 160 are thus clamped between the intermediate element 146 and one of the end sections 142, 144 of the spacers 140.
- the spacers 140 may be punctual (formed of pads) or linear (formed of strips) defining a lattice parallel to the films.
- FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 They may be aligned as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 or offset as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the mesh of the spacers 140 is preferably fixed.
- the intermediate member 146 is not aligned with the end portions 142, 144. All the films are mechanically stressed by the pressing forces.
- Ipm with k the Boltzmann constant (ratio between constant of perfect gases and number (of Avogadro), d the diameter of the gas molecules (m), T the absolute temperature (K) and p the pressure of the gas (Pa) .
- the Ipm of a gas at ambient temperature and at atmospheric pressure is of the order of 50 nm and that it is greater than 0.6 mm for a pressure of the order of 0, 12Pa.
- H c P
- Ti and T 2 representing the temperature of the two films 150 and 160
- T m representing the average temperature of the two films
- the spacers 140 must be adapted, both as to their constituent material, their geometry and their contact with the films - a point contact is preferred - to minimize the resulting thermal bridges.
- the spacers 102 and 140 are preferably made of a thermally insulating material to not constitute a thermal bridge between the walls 110 and 120.
- the spacers 102, 140 are advantageously formed of thermoplastic material.
- the device comprises a stack of 4 metal films 150, 160, 170, 172, with low emissivity in steel, with a thickness of 1.4 mm, separated by air knives. 0.6 mm, a total thickness of 7.4 mm.
- the spacers 140 are spaced 4cm apart and can be either point (1mm x 1mm section) or linear (1mm width).
- the device according to the present invention constitutes an active insulation component. It can adapt to the dynamic behavior of the building and thus constitutes a pilot for the use of the inertia of a building thanks to its ability to switch between a static behavior that is highly insulating on the thermal plane or, on the contrary, highly conductive and therefore capable of transmitting heat flow.
- the present invention makes it possible to produce thermal insulation devices having a very high insulating power without require a large thickness.
- the present invention makes it possible to form a device whose thermal resistance can switch between, for example, 0.024 m 2 K / W and 80 m 2 K / W for a thickness that does not exceed 1 cm.
- the device When the pressure applied by the means 170 within the chamber 104 plates the two films 150, 160 against each other at half the thickness of the chamber 104 as illustrated in FIG. 2, the device is placed in a state thermal conduction. Indeed, the films 150, 160, then allow a certain heat transfer between them.
- the device when the films 150 and 160 are kept spaced apart as shown in FIG. 1, by a distance less than the average free path of the gas molecules present in the compartments 158, the device is placed in an isolated state. thermal.
- the walls 110, 120 constituting the panel 100 may be the subject of numerous variants.
- the walls 110, 120 may be rigid. Alternatively, they can be flexible. In this case, the panel 100 can be wound, which facilitates its transport and storage.
- the walls 110, 120 may be made of metal.
- the flexible films 150, 160 are at least partially electrically conductive to allow the application of the electric field required by the generation of the aforementioned electrostatic forces.
- the flexible films 150, 160 may be formed of a sheet of flexible metal or of thermoplastic material or equivalent, loaded with electrically conductive particles.
- the flexible films 150, 160 may thus each be formed of an electrically conductive core coated on each of its faces with a coating of electrically insulating material (for example a thermoplastic material).
- the device according to the present invention makes it possible, for example, to recover solar contributions from walls exposed in winter or to cool walls in summer when the external freshness allows it by placing the device in its thermally conductive state illustrated in FIG. contrary to placing it in a thermally insulating state by placing it in the state illustrated in Figure 1.
- walls 110, 120 and films 150, 160 may be optically transparent.
- the device according to the present invention can thus be applied to transparent walls.
- Thermal insulation panels according to the present invention can also play a role of decoration.
- the device according to the present invention is applied to the lossy walls of a building, it is possible to modulate the insulation in order to optimize the recovery of external inputs (solar in winter, cool in summer). This is contrary to the current concept of heating or air conditioning, where the indoor installation catches up with losses or heat gains through the envelope, a system that manages this loss or heat gain to maintain the desired indoor comfort conditions. Such control can of course be operated automatically from appropriate thermal probes.
- the present invention also contributes to fully control the thermal inertia of the walls of buildings in limits hitherto never reached.
- the present invention is not limited to the particular application previously mentioned of building insulation.
- the present invention which leads to excellent electrical insulation independent of the thickness of the device and allows for an extremely small thickness, makes it possible to apply the present invention in a large number of technical fields.
- the present invention may in particular apply to clothing or any other industrial problem requiring thermal insulation.
- the aforementioned device may be arranged in the form of a modular arrangement of several panels 100 according to the present invention juxtaposed side by side by their edge. It is then preferably provided, to ensure perfect continuity of insulation, built-in cover elements in the walls 110, 120 of a panel 100 and adapted to overlap the adjacent panel. As a variant, such covering elements could be provided on elements attached at the junction zones between two of such adjacent panels 100.
- a device comprising two parallel flexible films 150, 160 in the chamber 104 has previously been described.
- the present invention is however not limited to this number of two films and may comprise a larger number of flexible films stacked in parallel within the chamber 104.
- the pressure applied within the chamber 104 is switched by the means 170 between two levels: a high pressure by which all the aforementioned films 150, 160, 180, 182, 184 and 186 are contiguous and a lower pressure such as the distance between each pair of adjacent films is less than the average free path of the gas molecules occupying the volume defined between these pairs of flexible films.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1255495A FR2991697B1 (fr) | 2012-06-12 | 2012-06-12 | Dispositif d'isolation thermique |
PCT/EP2013/062053 WO2013186224A1 (fr) | 2012-06-12 | 2013-06-11 | Dispositif d'isolation thermique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2859157A1 true EP2859157A1 (fr) | 2015-04-15 |
EP2859157B1 EP2859157B1 (fr) | 2018-03-07 |
Family
ID=46826716
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13727930.3A Active EP2859157B1 (fr) | 2012-06-12 | 2013-06-11 | Dispositif d'isolation thermique |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9481994B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2859157B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6009662B2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2991697B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2614841C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013186224A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106795994B (zh) * | 2014-09-30 | 2019-07-26 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 面板单元 |
WO2017197391A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Multicouches à couches solides et à espace permettant une isolation et une gestion thermique |
WO2018050517A2 (fr) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-22 | Basf Se | Dispositif d'isolation enroulable |
US20190264859A1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-08-29 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulated structures having internal chamber structures |
GB2566313A (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-13 | Blue Planet Buildings Uk Ltd | Inflatable insulated vacuum panel |
KR101944709B1 (ko) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-02-07 | 조청환 | 공동주택 단열 및 방수구조를 위한 환기 제어시스템 |
KR101954621B1 (ko) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-05-30 | 조청환 | 공동주택 지하주차장 방수구조 |
KR101944712B1 (ko) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-02-07 | 조청환 | 공동주택 지하주차장 방수구조를 위한 저압 단열층 구조 |
KR101944710B1 (ko) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-04-17 | 조청환 | 공동주택 단열 및 방수구조를 위한 환기시스템 |
KR101954622B1 (ko) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-03-06 | 조청환 | 공동주택 지하주차장 이중 단열 및 방수구조 |
US10941565B1 (en) | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-09 | Climate Shelter LLC | Affordable energy efficient and disaster proof residential structures |
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US3156975A (en) * | 1959-02-16 | 1964-11-17 | Evacuated Insulation Res Ltd | Method of making heat insulating panels |
US3167159A (en) | 1959-07-30 | 1965-01-26 | Gen Electric | Insulating structures with variable thermal conductivity and method of evacuation |
DE1158015C2 (de) | 1961-08-18 | 1964-06-04 | Nikolaus Laing | Vorrichtung zur AEnderung der Durchlaessigkeit einer Wandung fuer elektromagnetische Strahlung |
US3463224A (en) | 1966-10-24 | 1969-08-26 | Trw Inc | Thermal heat switch |
US3920953A (en) | 1969-01-08 | 1975-11-18 | Nikolaus Laing | Building plates with controllable heat insulation |
US3968831A (en) | 1970-05-29 | 1976-07-13 | Theodore Xenophou | System of using vacuum for controlling heat transfer in building structures, motor vehicles and the like |
US3734172A (en) | 1972-01-03 | 1973-05-22 | Trw Inc | Electrostatic control method and apparatus |
SU594274A1 (ru) * | 1972-09-14 | 1978-02-25 | Херсонский Филиал Одесского Технологического Института Им.М.В.Ломоносова | Светопрозрачное ограждение |
CA1328724C (fr) * | 1988-04-15 | 1994-04-26 | David K. Benson | Panneau isolant compact a vide |
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US5014481A (en) * | 1989-03-13 | 1991-05-14 | Moe Michael K | Panel configurable for selective insulation or heat transmission |
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2012
- 2012-06-12 FR FR1255495A patent/FR2991697B1/fr active Active
-
2013
- 2013-06-11 US US14/407,063 patent/US9481994B2/en active Active
- 2013-06-11 RU RU2014151758A patent/RU2614841C2/ru active
- 2013-06-11 WO PCT/EP2013/062053 patent/WO2013186224A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-06-11 EP EP13727930.3A patent/EP2859157B1/fr active Active
- 2013-06-11 JP JP2015516592A patent/JP6009662B2/ja active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2013186224A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2614841C2 (ru) | 2017-03-29 |
EP2859157B1 (fr) | 2018-03-07 |
US20150176266A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
RU2014151758A (ru) | 2016-08-10 |
JP2015526611A (ja) | 2015-09-10 |
FR2991697B1 (fr) | 2014-07-04 |
US9481994B2 (en) | 2016-11-01 |
JP6009662B2 (ja) | 2016-10-19 |
FR2991697A1 (fr) | 2013-12-13 |
WO2013186224A1 (fr) | 2013-12-19 |
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