EP2858176B1 - Antenne multi-bandes pour véhicule automobile - Google Patents

Antenne multi-bandes pour véhicule automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2858176B1
EP2858176B1 EP14190846.7A EP14190846A EP2858176B1 EP 2858176 B1 EP2858176 B1 EP 2858176B1 EP 14190846 A EP14190846 A EP 14190846A EP 2858176 B1 EP2858176 B1 EP 2858176B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cone
emitter
monopole
radiator
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14190846.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2858176A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Kwoczek
Yuanhao WANG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP2858176A1 publication Critical patent/EP2858176A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2858176B1 publication Critical patent/EP2858176B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-range antenna, in particular a multi-range antenna for use in a motor vehicle, which is suitable for a car-to-car communication.
  • multi-range antennas are required for use in motor vehicles, ie antennas which are multiband-capable. That is, the antennas used in the motor vehicle should be capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals in different frequency bands.
  • radio signals for digital radio as well as future services such as LTE, WiMAX, WiBro, WLAN and UWB are to be operated.
  • these additional services may use another frequency range around 5.9 GHz for transmitting information between vehicles, i. H. for a car-to-car communication.
  • the receive and transmit characteristics of a multirange antenna used be direction independent for all desired frequency ranges in the horizontal and that there be no shadowing by individual radiator elements in certain directions.
  • the multigrade antenna this means that the directional diagram over a high bandwidth has a good omnidirectional characteristic, ie no larger indentations, and the energy can be radiated uniformly in horizontal directions to the communication receivers.
  • the publication DE 10 2007 061 740 A1 discloses a multi-region antenna with two monopoles extending perpendicular to a plane.
  • the monopoles have lower antenna sections which extend in a V-shape from an antenna base on the plane.
  • One of the legs is followed by a simple monopole section aligned with a vertical plane.
  • the other of the legs is followed by an L-shaped monopole section.
  • a cone antenna embedded in a dielectric material is known.
  • the cone antenna is arranged on a round plate and widens with increasing distance from the base plate.
  • a multi-region antenna structure in which a cone-shaped antenna portion is arranged with its tip on a base plate. At the broad end of the cone-shaped antenna section is followed by a cylindrical section. Parallel to the base plate extending from the edge of the cylindrical portion antenna structures, which are aligned parallel to the base plate.
  • the US 2005/134511 A1 describes a broadband antenna having a tapered portion and a monopole shape portion.
  • the US 6,693,600 B1 discloses a broadband antenna comprising a monocone and a monopole.
  • the US 2011/012802 A1 describes an antenna comprising a conically radiating element and a circular radiating element.
  • An idea of the above multigrade antenna is to prevent, by a stacking arrangement of individual radiating elements, the cone radiator (cone-shaped radiator) and the first monopole radiator, shading in certain directions in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the cone radiator. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the overall height of the multirange antenna can be reduced by the active coupling of the cone radiator with the first monopole radiator, and thus a very broadband antenna behavior can be achieved, in particular for lower frequencies. This is achieved in particular by designing a cone radiator for high frequency ranges and arranging the first monopole radiator on it. In order for the overall height of the assembly to be utilized, it is necessary that the monopole radiator be connected to a side surface of the cone radiator.
  • the impedance matching is achieved by the dimensioning of the monopole radiator.
  • the first monopole radiator can be flush with the side surface of the cone radiator.
  • a second monopole radiator may be provided be, which connects in the direction of the axis of symmetry of the cone radiator, wherein the second monopole radiator is electrically connected to a side surface of the cone radiator.
  • the second monopole radiator can be flush with the side surface of the cone radiator.
  • the second monopole radiator can be arranged opposite the first monopole radiator with respect to the cone radiator.
  • the second monopole radiator can have a roof capacity, which extends in particular transversely to the axis of symmetry over the cone radiator.
  • the multigrade antenna can be made contactable at the outgoing end of the cone radiator by an inner conductor of a coaxial cable.
  • a wider end of the cone radiator has a conductive cone surface on which a GPS antenna is arranged, wherein the GPS antenna can be contacted by the cone radiator via a conductor isolated from the cone radiator.
  • a connection adapter may be provided to interconnect the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and the cone radiator.
  • a multirange antenna arrangement is provided with the above multigrade antenna and a ground plane, in particular a body outer surface of a motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-region antenna 1, which can be arranged on a ground plane 2.
  • the ground plane 2 may be, for example, a car roof or a separately provided ground surface.
  • a cone radiator 3 electrically insulated from the ground plane 2 by the ground plane 2 is arranged with an electrically conductive surface, wherein the axis of symmetry R of the cone radiator 3 is arranged perpendicular to the ground plane 2.
  • the cone radiator 3 has an outgoing first end (end with a smaller cross-sectional diameter or the cover side of the cone radiator corresponding end), with which it rests on the ground surface 2, so that a second end, with respect to symmetry axis R of the cone radiator 3 opposite the expiring End having a larger diameter, spaced from the ground surface 2 is arranged.
  • the cone radiator 3 has a circular cross-section with respect to a plane parallel to the ground plane 2 and thus has an optimum omnidirectional characteristic.
  • deviating from the circular cross section cross sections, such as oval cross sections, are possible to adapt to a desired omnidirectional characteristic.
  • the cone radiator 3 can be made entirely of a conductive material, such. As a metal, or as a coated with a metal layer plastic body. Alternatively, the cone radiator 3 may also be formed as a hollow body.
  • the cone radiator 3 is electrically conductive and isolated from the ground plane 2.
  • the ground plane 2 has a feed opening 4, through which an inner conductor 5 of a coaxial cable 6 is guided without electrically contacting the ground plane 2.
  • An outer conductor 7 of the coaxial cable 6 (shield) is connected to the ground plane 2.
  • the inner conductor 5 of the coaxial cable 6 is connected to the outer surface of the cone radiator 3.
  • a fastening ring 8 is provided, which surrounds the cone radiator 3 and is supported on the ground surface 2.
  • the cone radiator 3 reliably in aligned position on the ground surface. 2 and, in particular, bending of the cone radiator 3, so that its axis of symmetry R passes from the vertical with respect to the ground surface 2, can be prevented.
  • the mounting ring 8 is preferably formed of a non-conductive, dielectric material, such as Plexiglas, plastic or the like.
  • the cone antenna 3 is preferably glued to the contact surface 8 at the contact surfaces between the outer surface of the cone radiator 3 and corresponding surfaces of the mounting ring 8 and on the support surface 10 of the mounting ring 8 on the ground surface 2 or secured in any other way.
  • the cone radiator 3 thus has a circumferentially extending, electrically conductive side surface 9 and a conical surface 11, which may be open or closed, electrically conductive or non-conductive.
  • the conical surface 11 is made closed and closes the wider end of the cone radiator 3.
  • the conical surface 11 carries a first monopole emitter 12 and a second monopole emitter 13, which are each formed electrically conductive.
  • the first monopole radiator 12 is flush with the edge of the conical surface 11 and is in the direction of the axis of symmetry R of the cone antenna 3, d. H. perpendicular to the ground plane 2, from the cone surface 11 (in a direction away from the ground surface 2 direction).
  • the second monopole radiator 13 is disposed substantially at an opposite portion of the edge of the cone surface 11 and is also perpendicular to the ground surface 2, d. H. in the same direction as the first monopole emitter 12, from.
  • the first monopole radiator 12 is formed as a rectilinear conductor, while the second monopole radiator 13 has a rectilinear conductor provided with a transverse roof capacitance 14.
  • the second monopole radiator 13 is L-shaped with two legs 14, 15.
  • a first leg 15 extends perpendicular to the ground surface 2 and a second leg 14 substantially parallel to the ground surface 2. wherein the first leg 14 of the L-shaped second monopole radiator 13 remote from the cone radiator 3 projects transversely in the direction of the first monopole radiator 12 over the cone surface 11 ,
  • the length of the projecting over the conical surface 11 roof capacity 14 is preferably less than the diameter of the conical surface eleventh
  • the length of the first monopole radiator 12 is less than the adjoining the cone radiator 3 second leg 15 of the second monopole radiator 13th
  • cone angle ⁇ as the angle subtended by the side face 9 of the cone radiator 3
  • cone radiator height H c as the length of the cone radiator 3 in the direction of its axis of symmetry R
  • first monopole radiator height H u as the length of the first monopole radiator 12
  • second Monopole radiator height H g as the length of the second leg 15 of the second monopole radiator 13
  • length of the roof capacitance D t as the length of the first leg 14 of the second monopole radiator 13
  • first monopole radiator width B u as the width of the first monopole radiator 12 in the radial direction to the axis of symmetry R of Cone radiator 3
  • first monopole radiator depth T u as the width of the first monopole radiator 12 in the tangential direction to the symmetry axis R of the cone radiator 3
  • second monopole radiator width B g as the width of the first monopole radiator 12 in the
  • the dimensioning of the cone radiator 3 depends on the input impedance, so that a broadband adaptation of the antenna to the impedance of the coaxial cable 6 can be achieved.
  • a preferred opening angle ⁇ 48.65 ° given assumed infinite extent of the cone radiator 3.
  • the cone angle ⁇ between 45 ° and 66 ° and the cone radiator height H c should be between 16 mm and 30 mm.
  • the should Cone radiator height H c between 24 mm and 30 mm, while the cone angle ⁇ is preferably between 60 ° and 70 °.
  • optimum values can be given as conical radiator height H c 27 mm and as cone angle ⁇ 66 °.
  • a modern radio communication system in a motor vehicle operates in a frequency range of 780 MHz to 5.925 GHz and usually comprises seven different radio services.
  • the proposed multirange antenna 1 should therefore have a bandwidth of more than 5 GHz and a corresponding omnidirectional characteristic.
  • the following is a table showing the current radio services for a motor vehicle and the corresponding frequency ranges.
  • UWB ultra wide band
  • UWB ultra wide band services in the range of up to 10.6 GHz
  • the total bandwidth that would have to be provided by the multirange antenna 1 is 5.145 GHz.
  • To provide such a bandwidth alone with the cone radiator leads to a diameter of at least 65 mm at an opening angle of 60 °.
  • Such a cone structure would be too large and, moreover, mechanically problematic.
  • a reduction in the cone radiator height usually also leads to good impedance matching, but the lowest operating frequency increases to a frequency above 780 MHz.
  • a 21.5 mm high cone radiator has a good impedance match of 2.33 GHz to 27.5 GHz at an aperture angle of 51 ° at 50 ⁇ .
  • the antenna diameter here is only 20.5 mm, which represents a significant reduction in comparison to a cone radiator of 65 mm diameter.
  • the frequency gap in the range between 780 MHz to 2.3 GHz is now covered with further antenna structures, ie the monopole radiators 12, 13.
  • GSM 900 and UMTS are operated. So that the monopole radiators 12, 13 do not disturb the omnidirectional characteristic of the cone radiator 3, they are arranged above the cone radiator 3.
  • the monopole radiators 12, 13 are placed in contact with the side surface 9 of the cone radiator 3, so that the cone radiator 3 and the monopole radiators 12, 13 now jointly act as narrowband monopole radiators.
  • the entire height of the multi-region antenna 1 can be kept low.
  • the antenna formed with the first monopole radiator 12 is dimensioned so that it has a size of ⁇ / 4, wherein due to the coupling with the outer surface of the cone radiator 3, the effective height of the first monopole radiator height H u and the Konusstrahler Shaw H c composed.
  • H c the preferred cone radiator height
  • the first monopole radiator height H u should be between 15 and 25 mm, preferably between 15 and 19 mm and more preferably between 17 and 18 mm.
  • the second monopole radiator height H g should be between 30 and 45 mm, preferably between 35 and 41 mm and in particular between 40 and 42 mm.
  • the length of the roof capacitance D t should not be longer than the cone diameter, ie the diameter of the conical surface 11 due to the compact design of the multigrade antenna 1.
  • the length of the roof capacitance D t ie the first leg 14 of the second monopole radiator 13, is between 0 and 35 mm, preferably between 20 and 35 mm and in particular 35 mm.
  • the first monopole radiating width B u and the second monopole radiating width B g and the first monopole radiating depth T u and the second monopole radiating depth T g influence the bandwidth of the antennas formed by the monopole radiators 12, 13.
  • the second monopole radiator 13 as a GSM radiator for a bandwidth of 180 MHz and the first monopole radiator 12 as a UMTS radiator for a bandwidth of 460 MHz are each to ensure a good impedance matching. Therefore, the width and depth of each should be Monopole emitters 12, 13 are not too small, so that the slenderness can remain low.
  • the widths of the monopole radiators B g , B u are selected between 2 and 10 mm, preferably between 4 and 9 mm and in particular at 7 mm.
  • the width of the roof capacitor gt B is preferably between 0 and 15 mm, more preferably between 5 and 10 mm and more preferably 8 mm.
  • the second monopole radiator depth T g is preferably selected between 0.5 and 7 mm, more preferably between 2 and 4 mm and more preferably 3 mm. Since the roof capacity 14 is part of the second monopole radiator 13, it should also have the same depth.
  • the first monopole radiator 12 Since the first monopole radiator 12 must provide a larger working bandwidth than the second monopole radiator 13, it is preferably made slightly wider, so that its depth preferably in a range between 0.5 and 7 mm, more preferably between 4 and 6 mm and more preferably at 5 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the structure of the multi-region antenna described above 1.
  • the inner conductor 5 of the coaxial cable 6 is inserted through a corresponding opening of the ground surface 2 and a corresponding opening of the fixing ring 8 and thus enters the connection adapter 20 in order to connect the cone radiator 3 to the inner conductor 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a multi-region antenna 1, which additionally has a GPS antenna 22.
  • a coaxial cable 6 with additionally an additional inner conductor 21 which is guided through the cone radiator 3 and the GPS antenna 22 between the monopole radiators 12, 13 contacted. This is possible because the conical surface 11 is normally de-energized. If this is made conductive, it can serve as a ground plane for the GPS antenna 22.

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Claims (9)

  1. Antenne multi-bande (1), en particulier pour l'utilisation dans un véhicule automobile, comprenant :
    - un émetteur conique (3) avec un axe de symétrie (R) pour placer l'émetteur conique (3) avec son extrémité de fuite perpendiculairement à une surface de masse (2) ;
    - un premier émetteur unipolaire (12) qui se raccorde à l'émetteur conique (3) dans la direction de l'axe de symétrie (R), le premier émetteur unipolaire (12) étant électriquement connecté à une surface latérale (9) de l'émetteur conique (3),
    caractérisé en ce que
    une extrémité plus large de l'émetteur conique (3) présente une surface conique conductrice (11) sur laquelle est disposée une antenne GPS (22), l'antenne GPS (22) pouvant être mise en contact avec l'émetteur conique (3) par le biais d'un conducteur (21) isolé de l'émetteur conique (3).
  2. Antenne multi-bande (1) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le premier émetteur unipolaire (12) se raccorde en affleurement à la surface latérale (9) de l'émetteur conique (3).
  3. Antenne multi-bande (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle un deuxième émetteur unipolaire (13) est prévu qui se raccorde à l'émetteur conique (3) dans la direction de l'axe de symétrie (R), le deuxième émetteur unipolaire (13) étant connecté électriquement à la surface latérale (9) de l'émetteur conique (3).
  4. Antenne multi-bande (1) selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le deuxième émetteur unipolaire (13) se raccorde en affleurement à la surface latérale (9) de l'émetteur conique (3).
  5. Antenne multi-bande (1) selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans laquelle le deuxième émetteur unipolaire (13) est disposé en regard du premier émetteur unipolaire (12) par rapport à l'émetteur conique (3).
  6. Antenne multi-bande (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans laquelle le deuxième émetteur unipolaire (13) présente une capacité d'extrémité (14) qui s'étend notamment transversalement à son axe de symétrie (R) pardessus l'émetteur conique (3).
  7. Antenne multi-bande (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle l'antenne multi-bande (1) est réalisée de manière à pouvoir être mise en contact avec un conducteur interne (5) d'un câble coaxial (6) au niveau de l'extrémité de fuite de l'émetteur conique (3).
  8. Antenne multi-bande (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle un adaptateur de raccordement (20) est prévu afin de relier l'un à l'autre le conducteur interne (5) du câble coaxial (6) et l'émetteur conique (3).
  9. Agencement d'antenne multi-bande comprenant une antenne multi-bande (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 et une surface de masse (2), en particulier une surface extérieure de carrosserie d'un véhicule automobile.
EP14190846.7A 2011-09-17 2012-08-09 Antenne multi-bandes pour véhicule automobile Active EP2858176B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011113725A DE102011113725A1 (de) 2011-09-17 2011-09-17 Mehrbereichsantenne für ein Kraftfahrzeug
EP12745639.0A EP2756550B1 (fr) 2011-09-17 2012-08-09 Antenne multibande pour véhicule automobile

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12745639.0A Division-Into EP2756550B1 (fr) 2011-09-17 2012-08-09 Antenne multibande pour véhicule automobile
EP12745639.0A Division EP2756550B1 (fr) 2011-09-17 2012-08-09 Antenne multibande pour véhicule automobile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2858176A1 EP2858176A1 (fr) 2015-04-08
EP2858176B1 true EP2858176B1 (fr) 2016-05-18

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EP14190846.7A Active EP2858176B1 (fr) 2011-09-17 2012-08-09 Antenne multi-bandes pour véhicule automobile
EP12745639.0A Active EP2756550B1 (fr) 2011-09-17 2012-08-09 Antenne multibande pour véhicule automobile

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12745639.0A Active EP2756550B1 (fr) 2011-09-17 2012-08-09 Antenne multibande pour véhicule automobile

Country Status (4)

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EP (2) EP2858176B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103797643B (fr)
DE (1) DE102011113725A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013037445A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3022403B1 (fr) * 2014-06-11 2016-06-24 Renault Sa Systeme de communication sans-fil et vehicule equipe d'un tel systeme

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DE2629502A1 (de) * 1976-06-30 1978-01-05 Siemens Ag Mehrfachrundstrahlantenne
US6023245A (en) * 1998-08-10 2000-02-08 Andrew Corporation Multi-band, multiple purpose antenna particularly useful for operation in cellular and global positioning system modes
US6891512B2 (en) * 2000-12-27 2005-05-10 Cocomo Mb Cojmmunications, Inc. Antenna
IT1319430B1 (it) 2000-09-13 2003-10-10 Zendar Spa Antenna a basso profilo, senza stilo
US6693600B1 (en) * 2000-11-24 2004-02-17 Paul G. Elliot Ultra-broadband antenna achieved by combining a monocone with other antennas
US20030103008A1 (en) 2001-12-05 2003-06-05 Tom Petropoulos In-building low profile antenna
ITRE20030042A1 (it) * 2003-04-24 2004-10-25 Ask Ind Spa "antenna planare multibanda"
DE10359605B4 (de) * 2003-12-18 2006-05-24 Kathrein-Werke Kg Breitbandige Antenne
US7027004B2 (en) * 2003-12-18 2006-04-11 Kathrein-Werke Kg Omnidirectional broadband antenna
JP4475583B2 (ja) * 2004-07-13 2010-06-09 株式会社リコー ディスコーンアンテナおよび該ディスコーンアンテナを用いた情報通信機器
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WO2011011402A2 (fr) * 2009-07-20 2011-01-27 Lockheed Martin Corporation Antenne disque-cône coaxiale avec un fonctionnement basse fréquence étendu

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102011113725A1 (de) 2013-03-21
EP2756550B1 (fr) 2015-12-16
EP2858176A1 (fr) 2015-04-08
CN103797643B (zh) 2016-10-19
EP2756550A1 (fr) 2014-07-23
CN103797643A (zh) 2014-05-14
WO2013037445A1 (fr) 2013-03-21

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