EP2857748B1 - Silencer for a smoke evacuation conduit provided in a boiler - Google Patents

Silencer for a smoke evacuation conduit provided in a boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2857748B1
EP2857748B1 EP14306560.5A EP14306560A EP2857748B1 EP 2857748 B1 EP2857748 B1 EP 2857748B1 EP 14306560 A EP14306560 A EP 14306560A EP 2857748 B1 EP2857748 B1 EP 2857748B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
upstream
central tube
downstream
acoustic
section
Prior art date
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EP14306560.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2857748A1 (en
Inventor
Benjamin Laurent
Jean-Luc Pierre
Jérôme Rougier
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Poujoulat SA
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Poujoulat SA
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Priority to PL14306560T priority Critical patent/PL2857748T3/en
Publication of EP2857748A1 publication Critical patent/EP2857748A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J13/00—Fittings for chimneys or flues 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/13003—Means for reducing the noise in smoke conducing ducts or systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to noise attenuator devices for smoke ducts fitted to a boiler.
  • the boilers When operating, the boilers can generate noise, in particular because of the burner and / or the fan that equips them, this noise propagating in the ducts or associated casings, especially in the smoke evacuation ducts.
  • the sound level of this noise is sometimes important; it is specific to each installation and is characterized by an amplitude and a frequency range (between a few tens and a few thousand Hertz).
  • noise attenuators also called silencers
  • noise attenuator devices that operate according to a so-called “reactive” principle, consisting of penetrating the sound waves into a cavity, adapted to change the frequency. These devices have good efficiency on low frequencies, from a few tens to a few hundred Hertz (sound attenuation can range from 5dB to 40dB up to 1000 Hertz), but relatively reduced for frequencies above 1000 - 1500 Hertz (the sound attenuation is less than 5dB beyond 2000 Hertz).
  • the installer chooses the type of attenuator device according to the sound characteristics of the heating system.
  • the central tube has an upstream section with perforations, which extends from the upstream end wall to an intermediate zone between said upstream end wall and a downstream end wall.
  • This upstream section provided with perforations is extended by a downstream section which is solid, devoid or practically devoid of perforations, extending from said intermediate zone to said downstream end wall.
  • the acoustic absorptive material is delimited by an upstream end edge disposed in the sound absorption chamber bearing against said upstream end wall, and by a downstream end edge, which is disposed downstream of said intermediate zone.
  • the space of said acoustic absorption chamber between said downstream end edge of said acoustic absorptive material and said downstream end wall consists of a cavity which surrounds a non-perforated downstream portion of the central tube.
  • a baffle structure ensures the passage of fumes from the central tube towards the sound absorption chamber.
  • Such a device does not offer optimal efficiency for the absorption of high and low frequency noise of a boiler; and its structure is on the other hand relatively complex to achieve, in particular as regards the baffle structure.
  • the document DE-298 08 058 describes on its side a noise attenuator device comprising a central tube perforated along its length and belted, over a part of this length, by an intermediate tube delimiting a chamber filled with an acoustic absorbing material.
  • the perforated central tube and the tube enclosing the acoustic absorbing material are encircled by an outer tube.
  • the upstream portion of this outer tube defines an upstream cavity covering the acoustic absorbing material, and the downstream portion of the outer tube defines a cavity covering the perforated central tube.
  • this noise attenuator device is of the type comprising a central tube provided with an upstream extension adapted for its connection to a section of upstream flue pipe, and a downstream extension adapted for its connection to a section of duct downstream smoke, which central tube has perforations and is surrounded by an outer tube to define, between them, an acoustic absorption chamber, which outer tube is connected to said central tube by an upstream end wall and a wall of downstream end, which delimit the length of said acoustic absorption chamber, the latter being at least partially filled by an acoustic absorbing material; and in accordance with the present invention, said central tube comprises an upstream section provided with perforations, which extends from said upstream end wall or approximately from said upstream end wall, to an intermediate zone between said wall upstream and downstream end portion, which upstream section provided with perforations is extended by a solid downstream portion, free or substantially devoid of perforations, extending from said intermediate zone to said downstream end wall; on the other hand, said acous
  • the first part of this noise attenuator device has a wave absorption action, thanks to the acoustic absorbing material, and the second part has a cavity having the effect, in particular, of modifying the frequency of the waves, to reduce the noise level. .
  • This cavity is delimited, on one side, by the edge of the acoustic absorptive material, which still provides a sound wave absorption function, contributing to improve the efficiency of the device.
  • the central tube is of circular section and has an axis on which are centered said upstream and downstream extensions;
  • the sound absorption chamber is of cylindrical annular general section, of constant thickness, centered on the axis of said central tube.
  • the acoustic absorptive material advantageously consists of rockwool whose density is between 30 and 140 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 80 kg / m 3 .
  • the diameter of the central tube is between 130 and 600 mm
  • the thickness of the sound absorption chamber is between 100 and 150 mm
  • the length of this sound absorption chamber is between 700 and 1000 mm.
  • the acoustic absorptive material extends between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length of the acoustic absorption chamber; Furthermore, the perforated portion downstream of the central tube which is surrounded by the upstream cavity portion extends between 1/6 and 1/2 of the length of said cavity.
  • the perforations of the upstream section of the central tube have a diameter of between 5 and 20 mm, and they occupy 35 to 70% of the wall surface of said upstream section of central tube.
  • the outer tube is preferably releasably secured to cylindrical rings which extend said upstream and downstream end walls by means of clamps.
  • the noise attenuator device comprises an internal absorption core, of generally cylindrical shape, mounted coaxially with the central tube, inside the latter, which core has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the tube.
  • central has an upstream end (oriented towards said upstream extension) in the form of a warhead, and comprises an outer envelope provided with perforations, and filled with an acoustic absorbing material.
  • most of the length of this absorption core extends inside the perforated upstream section of the central tube.
  • the noise attenuator device advantageously comprises a inspection door formed in the outer tube, associated with a removable cap.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate a first embodiment of a noise attenuator device 1 according to the invention, intended to be integrated with the smoke outlet duct 2 fitted to a boiler 3.
  • This noise attenuator device 1 is in particular arranged to come here fit between an upstream 2a and a downstream section portion 2 b of the chimney 2 ( figure 4 ) to constitute a part of this duct 2 and also to fulfill its noise reduction function coming from the boiler 3.
  • the boiler 3 is merely shown schematically in dotted lines at the upstream end of the upstream conduit section 2a.
  • the upstream end and downstream end walls 13 extend parallel to each other. They each have a flat annular shape centered on the axis A , and they define between them the length L of the acoustic absorption chamber 11.
  • Cylindrical rings, respectively 15 and 16 extend the circular peripheral edge of the upstream end and downstream end walls 13, secured thereto by welding. These cylindrical rings 15 and 16 extend inward, that is to say that they are oriented opposite one another.
  • the upstream extensions 7 and downstream 9 consist of cylindrical structures having an insulated wall formed of two concentric tubes that sandwich an insulating material.
  • One of the ends of the inner tubes of the upstream and downstream extensions 9 and 9 extend inwards, facing one another, and they receive by simple fitting the upstream and downstream ends 8 and 8 of the central tube 5. .
  • the outer tube 10 is constituted by a cylindrical shell obtained from a bent plate, whose two longitudinal edges opposite, following the bending, are assembled together by welding, and whose upstream and downstream ends are secured in a removable manner with the aforementioned cylindrical rings 15 and 16 which extend the circular peripheral edge of the upstream end and downstream end walls 13, respectively, by means of assembly clips 17 and 18.
  • the central tube 5, the outer tube 10, the end walls 12 and 13 and the two concentric tubes of the extensions 7 and 9 are made of metallic material, preferably of stainless steel (for example of the 316L type) to resist adequately to corrosion and condensation. This can be done using a metal sheet whose thickness is of the order of 0.4 to 2 mm.
  • the upstream portions 5a and 5b downstream of the central tube 5 are juxtaposed and they together extend over the entire length L of the acoustic attenuation chamber 11.
  • the length C of the upstream section 5 has the central tube 5 is preferably between half and 3/4 of the length L, the length D of the downstream section 5b occupying the remainder of that length L.
  • the perforations 19 are adapted in size and number to allow maximum penetration of the sound waves in the acoustic attenuation chamber 11, while allowing the central tube 5 to correctly hold the acoustic absorbing material 14.
  • the perforations 19 of the upstream section 5 has the central tube 5 is uniformly formed on the entire surface of wall concerned, and have a diameter which is preferably between 5 and 20 mm (more preferably between 10 and 15 mm). These perforations occupy 35 to 70% of the wall surface 5 of the tube section has (preferably 45 to 60% of the wall surface).
  • the acoustic absorption chamber 11 is of generally annular shape of constant section, and it is delimited by the central tube 5, the outer tube 10, the upstream end wall 12 and the downstream end wall 13.
  • This sound absorption chamber 11 here comprises an upstream portion 11a which is filled by the sound absorptive material 14, followed by a downstream portion 11b vacuo devoid of filler material, forming a cylindrical annular cavity.
  • the upstream portion 11a of the sound absorption chamber 11, of length E, extends from the upstream end wall 12 to a plane F perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A, located upstream of the intermediate zone above 20 (which extends in the plane B), separating the perforated area 5a of the non-perforated area 5b of the central tube 5; in particular, this upstream portion 11a of the chamber 11 extends opposite an upstream portion 5a 'of the perforated section 5 has the central tube 5.
  • the cylindrical annular cavity 11b of the acoustic attenuation chamber 11 has a length G.
  • the sound absorptive material 14 is in the form of a delimited annular cylinder / by an outer cylindrical surface 14a, in contact with the inner face of the outer tube 10, b / by an inner cylindrical surface 14b, in contact with the outer face of the central tube 5, c / by an upstream end edge 14c , extending in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A , disposed near the upstream end wall 12 or bearing against this last, and d / by a downstream end edge 14 d , extending in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A and corresponding to the aforementioned plane F located upstream of the intermediate zone 20.
  • the acoustic absorptive material length of cylinder 14 between its upstream end downstream edges 14 c and 14 d corresponds to the length E of the upstream portion 11a of the sound absorption chamber 11, and all of this length is compared to a perforated portion of the central tube 5 (corresponding to the upstream portion 5a 'of the upstream perforated section 5a of the central tube 5).
  • the acoustic absorptive material 14 here consists of high density mineral fibers, for example rockwool whose density is between 30 and 140 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 80 kg / m 3 .
  • the length E of the upstream portion 11a of the sound absorption chamber 11, filled by the sound absorptive material 14, is between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length L of said chamber 11.
  • the downstream portion 11b shaped cavity of the sound absorption chamber 11 therefore comprises - an upstream portion 11 b 'of length H, which surrounds a downstream portion 5a "of the perforated upstream section 5 has the central tube 5, and a downstream portion 11b " of the length I , which surrounds the full downstream portion 5b of the central tube 5.
  • This cavity 11b of the acoustic attenuation chamber 11 is delimited by the downstream part of the outer tube 10, by the downstream end edge 14 d of the acoustic absorption material 14, by the downstream end wall 13 and by part of the central tube 5 with the downstream perforated portion 5a "followed by the full downstream section 5b.
  • the length H of this downstream portion 5 " surrounded by the upstream cavity portion 11b ' between the above-mentioned planes B and F 1 corresponds to 1/6 th and 1/2 of the length G of the cavity 11b. .
  • the length L of the acoustic absorption chamber 11 may be between 700 and 1000 mm, and its thickness between 100 and 150 mm; the diameter of the central tube 5 may, for its part, be between 130 and 600 mm.
  • the cylinder of acoustic absorptive material 14 is preferably made by means of two complementary half-shells, each half-cylindrical, as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 . This feature makes it easier to assemble and replace the acoustic absorption material, in case of degradation or fouling.
  • This cylinder 14 of acoustic absorbing material may be protected by a fiberglass fabric provided on the internal face of the acoustic absorbing material, pressed against the central tube 5.
  • the noise attenuator device 1 comprises a purge port 22, arranged on the outer tube 10, to ensure the evacuation of condensate, when laying on the horizontal and vertical connections.
  • Such a noise attenuator device structure effectively absorbs the sound waves emitted by the boiler 3, and which propagate in the smoke evacuation duct 2.
  • Such a device makes it possible to trap the sound waves by the acoustic absorptive material 14, and also by the cavity 11b , this effectively over a wide range of wave frequencies.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate another embodiment of a noise attenuator device according to the invention.
  • This noise attenuator device 1 has a structure very close to that of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1 to 4 . It further comprises an absorption core arranged inside the central tube, in particular to limit the air path in the case of large central tube diameters.
  • the noise attenuator 1 'thus comprises a central tube 5 provided with two end extensions 7 and 9 and surrounded by an outer tube 10.
  • This outer tube 10 is assembled with the central tube 5 by the upstream end wall 12 and the downstream end wall 13 to define the annular acoustic absorption chamber 11.
  • the upstream portion 5a of the central tube 5 is perforated; from the intermediate zone 20, this upstream portion 5a is extended by a downstream section full unperforated 5b.
  • an acoustic absorptive material of ring 14 fills the upstream portion 11a of the sound absorption chamber 11, to the plane F located upstream of the intermediate zone 20 above.
  • a complementary absorption core 23 is mounted inside the central tube 5, on the longitudinal axis A of the latter.
  • This inner absorption core 23 is in the general form of a cylinder whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the central tube 5, assembled with the inner face of the latter by means of spacer tabs 24.
  • This absorption core 23 has a cylindrical outer envelope 25 which is provided with perforations 26; this envelope 25 is filled with an acoustic absorbing material 27.
  • the outer casing 25 of the absorption core 23 is made of stainless steel, for example of the 316L type.
  • the perforations 26 are evenly distributed over the entire surface of the outer envelope 25 and they occupy between 40 and 60% of the surface of this envelope.
  • the acoustic absorbing material 27 preferably consists of rockwool whose density is between 30 and 140 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 80 kg / m 3 .
  • At least the upstream end 28 of the absorption core 27 is in the form of a warhead (or dome) to limit the disturbances of the smoke flow.
  • the downstream end 29 of the absorption core 23 is also in the form of an ogive.
  • This absorption core 23 extends over a portion of the length of the central tube 5; preferably it extends inside the perforated upstream portion 5a of said central tube. In this case, the absorption core 23 extends here over the entire length of the upstream portion 5a 'of the tube 5 of a section, that is to say over the entire length occupied by the core cylinder acoustic absorptive 14.
  • This absorption core 23 has the function and interest of adding absorbing material to compensate for the large inside diameter of the acoustic absorption device, in particular in the case of inner tubes having a diameter greater than or equal to 350 mm.
  • the figure 7 illustrates yet another embodiment of a noise attenuator device 1 "according to the invention.
  • the structural parts common to the embodiments of the Figures 1 to 6 retain the same benchmarks as a simplification measure.
  • This noise attenuator device 1 "thus comprises a central tube 5 provided with two end extensions 7 and 9 and surrounded by an outer tube 10.
  • This outer tube 10 is assembled with the central tube 5 by the upstream end wall 12 and the downstream end wall 13 to define the annular chamber 11.
  • the central tube 5 has an upstream section 5 has perforated until the intermediate region 20, followed by a downstream full section 5 b.
  • an acoustic absorptive material of ring 14 fills the upstream portion 11a of the absorption chamber 11.
  • a inspection hatch 30 is provided in the outer tube 10, opening into the downstream portion 11b in the form of a cavity.
  • This inspection hatch 30 is formed of a cylindrical shell 31 fixed on the outer tube 10 (along an axis perpendicular to the axis of this outer tube 10), associated with an insulated removable cap 32.
  • a cutout / aperture 33 is arranged in the central part of the central tube 5 facing the inspection hatch 30, to allow access to the interior of this central tube 5.
  • Such a inspection hatch 30 allows the maintenance of the device, especially when placed on conduits serving solid fuel boilers such as wood.
  • This kind of inspection hatch can of course also be fitted in attenuator devices with absorption core, as illustrated on the Figures 5 and 6 .
  • downstream section 5b of the central tube 5 is preferably devoid of perforations or openings.
  • one or a few perforations / openings can be arranged, depending on the needs, (as in the embodiment of the figure 7 ), without occupying a large wall surface.
  • This surface perforated wall / open of the section 5B will be in any case smaller than that of the section 5 has.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE AUQUEL SE RAPPORTE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION REFERS

La présente invention concerne les dispositifs atténuateurs de bruit pour les conduits de fumée équipant une chaudière.The present invention relates to noise attenuator devices for smoke ducts fitted to a boiler.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUEBACKGROUND

Lorsqu'elles fonctionnent, les chaudières peuvent générer du bruit, en particulier du fait du brûleur et/ou du ventilateur qui les équipe, ce bruit se propageant dans les conduits ou tubages associés, notamment dans les conduits d'évacuation de fumée.When operating, the boilers can generate noise, in particular because of the burner and / or the fan that equips them, this noise propagating in the ducts or associated casings, especially in the smoke evacuation ducts.

Le niveau sonore de ce bruit est parfois important ; il est propre à chaque installation et se caractérise par une amplitude et une gamme de fréquence (entre quelques dizaines et quelques milliers de Hertz).The sound level of this noise is sometimes important; it is specific to each installation and is characterized by an amplitude and a frequency range (between a few tens and a few thousand Hertz).

Ce bruit occasionne des nuisances dans l'environnement des chaufferies, que l'on cherche à réduire au moyen de dispositifs atténuateurs de bruit, encore appelés silencieux, placés sur le conduit d'évacuation de fumée, entre un tronçon amont et un tronçon aval de ce dernier.This noise causes nuisances in the environment of the boiler rooms, which are sought to be reduced by means of noise attenuators, also called silencers, placed on the smoke evacuation duct, between an upstream section and a downstream section of the system. this last.

Il existe des dispositifs atténuateurs de bruit qui fonctionnent selon un principe dit « réactif », consistant à faire pénétrer les ondes sonores dans une cavité, de manière adaptée pour en changer la fréquence.
Ces dispositifs ont une bonne efficacité sur les basses fréquences, de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines de Hertz (l'atténuation sonore peut aller de 5dB à 40dB jusqu'à 1000 Hertz), mais relativement réduite pour ce qui concerne les fréquences supérieures à 1000 - 1500 Hertz (l'atténuation sonore est inférieure à 5dB au-delà de 2000 Hertz).There are noise attenuator devices that operate according to a so-called "reactive" principle, consisting of penetrating the sound waves into a cavity, adapted to change the frequency.
These devices have good efficiency on low frequencies, from a few tens to a few hundred Hertz (sound attenuation can range from 5dB to 40dB up to 1000 Hertz), but relatively reduced for frequencies above 1000 - 1500 Hertz (the sound attenuation is less than 5dB beyond 2000 Hertz).

On connait également des silencieux de type dit « absorptif » dans lesquels on utilise un matériau absorptif (en particulier des fibres minérales haute densité) pour chercher à absorber les ondes sonores.
En particulier, ces dispositifs de type « absorptif » comportent :

  • un tube central perforé, muni de prolongements amont et aval pour son raccordement à des tronçons amont et aval de conduit d'évacuation de fumée,
  • un tube extérieur qui ceinture le tube central perforé, pour définir entre eux une chambre d'absorption acoustique, et qui est raccordé à ce dernier par une paroi d'extrémité amont et par une paroi d'extrémité aval, et,
  • un matériau absorptif acoustique, placé dans la chambre d'absorption acoustique.
De tels dispositifs ont généralement une bonne efficacité pour l'absorption des ondes dans les hautes fréquences (jusqu'à 40dB d'absorption entre 1000 et 3000 Hertz), cette efficacité étant néanmoins réduite dans le domaine des basses fréquences (de l'ordre de quelques dB jusqu'à 400 - 500 Hertz).Absorptive type silencers are also known in which an absorptive material (in particular high density mineral fibers) is used to seek to absorb the sound waves.
In particular, these "absorptive" type devices comprise:
  • a perforated central tube, provided with upstream and downstream extensions for its connection to upstream and downstream sections of smoke evacuation pipe,
  • an outer tube which surrounds the perforated central tube, to define between them an acoustic absorption chamber, and which is connected thereto by an upstream end wall and a downstream end wall, and
  • an acoustic absorbing material placed in the acoustic absorption chamber.
Such devices generally have good efficiency for the absorption of waves in high frequencies (up to 40 dB absorption between 1000 and 3000 Hz), this efficiency being nevertheless reduced in the low frequency range (of the order of a few dB up to 400 - 500 Hertz).

D'une manière générale, l'installateur choisit le type de dispositif atténuateur en fonction des caractéristiques sonores de l'installation de chauffage.In general, the installer chooses the type of attenuator device according to the sound characteristics of the heating system.

Cela nécessite une bonne compréhension des phénomènes acoustiques pour adapter le bon silencieux au(x) cas rencontré(s).This requires a good understanding of acoustic phenomena to adapt the good muffler to the case (s) encountered.

En outre, il est alors nécessaire de proposer différents modèles de silencieux, chacun selon une pluralité de dimensions tant en longueur qu'en diamètre, sous peine de ne pas être complet dans l'offre de mise à disposition.
Mais ce grand nombre de références nécessaire est source de coûts importants.In addition, it is then necessary to provide different models of silencers, each in a plurality of dimensions in both length and diameter, otherwise not being complete in the provision of provision.
But this large number of references required is a source of significant costs.

D'autre part, dans le domaine des pots d'échappement pour automobiles, on connait du document US-2012/261210 un dispositif atténuateur de bruit qui comporte un tube central muni de perforations et ceinturé par un tube extérieur pour définir entre eux une chambre d'absorption acoustique partiellement comblée par un matériau absorptif acoustique.On the other hand, in the field of exhaust pipes for automobiles, we know the document US 2012/261210 a noise attenuator device which comprises a central tube provided with perforations and surrounded by an outer tube to define between them a sound absorption chamber partially filled with an acoustic absorbing material.

Le tube central comporte un tronçon amont muni de perforations, qui s'étend depuis la paroi d'extrémité amont jusqu'à une zone intermédiaire entre ladite paroi d'extrémité amont et une paroi d'extrémité aval.
Ce tronçon amont muni de perforations se prolonge par un tronçon aval qui est plein, dépourvu ou pratiquement dépourvu de perforations, s'étendant depuis ladite zone intermédiaire jusqu'à ladite paroi d'extrémité aval.The central tube has an upstream section with perforations, which extends from the upstream end wall to an intermediate zone between said upstream end wall and a downstream end wall.
This upstream section provided with perforations is extended by a downstream section which is solid, devoid or practically devoid of perforations, extending from said intermediate zone to said downstream end wall.

Le matériau absorptif acoustique est délimité par une bordure d'extrémité amont disposée dans la chambre d'absorption acoustique en appui contre ladite paroi d'extrémité amont, et par une bordure d'extrémité aval, qui est disposée en aval de ladite zone intermédiaire.The acoustic absorptive material is delimited by an upstream end edge disposed in the sound absorption chamber bearing against said upstream end wall, and by a downstream end edge, which is disposed downstream of said intermediate zone.

L'espace de ladite chambre d'absorption acoustique entre ladite bordure d'extrémité aval dudit matériau absorptif acoustique et ladite paroi d'extrémité aval consiste en une cavité qui ceinture une partie aval non perforée du tube central.
A ce niveau, une structure de chicane assure le passage des fumées depuis le tube central en direction de la chambre d'absorption acoustique.The space of said acoustic absorption chamber between said downstream end edge of said acoustic absorptive material and said downstream end wall consists of a cavity which surrounds a non-perforated downstream portion of the central tube.
At this level, a baffle structure ensures the passage of fumes from the central tube towards the sound absorption chamber.

Un tel dispositif n'offre pas une efficacité optimale pour l'absorption des bruits de hautes et basses fréquences d'une chaudière; et sa structure est d'autre part relativement complexe à réaliser, en particulier pour ce qui concerne la structure de chicane.Such a device does not offer optimal efficiency for the absorption of high and low frequency noise of a boiler; and its structure is on the other hand relatively complex to achieve, in particular as regards the baffle structure.

Le document DE-298 08 058 décrit de son côté un dispositif atténuateur de bruit comportant un tube central perforé sur toute sa longueur et ceinturé, sur une partie de cette longueur, par un tube intermédiaire délimitant une chambre remplie par un matériau absorptif acoustique.
Le tube central perforé et le tube renfermant le matériau absorptif acoustique sont ceinturés par un tube extérieur.
La partie amont de ce tube extérieur définit une cavité amont recouvrant le matériau absorptif acoustique, et la partie aval du tube extérieur définit une cavité recouvrant le tube central perforé.The document DE-298 08 058 describes on its side a noise attenuator device comprising a central tube perforated along its length and belted, over a part of this length, by an intermediate tube delimiting a chamber filled with an acoustic absorbing material.
The perforated central tube and the tube enclosing the acoustic absorbing material are encircled by an outer tube.
The upstream portion of this outer tube defines an upstream cavity covering the acoustic absorbing material, and the downstream portion of the outer tube defines a cavity covering the perforated central tube.

Là encore, l'efficacité d'un tel dispositif n'est pas optimale pour l'absorption des bruits de hautes et basses fréquences d'une chaudière. Sa structure est en outre très encombrante radialement et elle est aussi très complexe à réaliser du fait des trois tubes concentriques à gérer.Again, the effectiveness of such a device is not optimal for the absorption of high and low frequency noise of a boiler. Its structure is also very bulky radially and is also very complex to achieve because of the three concentric tubes to manage.

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention a pour objectif de proposer une nouvelle structure de dispositif atténuateur de bruit pour chaudière, qui présente une efficacité intéressante sur une large gamme de fréquences d'ondes, en particulier à la fois sur les ondes de basse fréquence et sur les ondes haute fréquence, qui est peu encombrant radialement et dont la structure est relativement simple.It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel boiler noise attenuator device structure which exhibits attractive efficiency over a wide range of wave frequencies, particularly on both low frequency and high wave waves. frequency, which is compact radially and whose structure is relatively simple.

Les problèmes de l'art antérieur sont résolus, selon la présente invention, par un dispositif atténuateur de bruit avec les caractéristiques de la revendication 1. Des autres caractéristiques particulières sont divulguées dans les revendications dépendantes.The problems of the prior art are solved, according to the present invention, by a noise attenuator device with the features of claim 1. Other particular features are disclosed in the dependent claims.

Pour cela, ce dispositif atténuateur de bruit est du type comportant un tube central muni d'un prolongement amont adapté pour son raccordement à un tronçon de conduit de fumée amont, et d'un prolongement aval adapté pour son raccordement à un tronçon de conduit de fumée aval, lequel tube central comporte des perforations et est ceinturé par un tube extérieur pour définir, entre eux, une chambre d'absorption acoustique, lequel tube extérieur est raccordé audit tube central par une paroi d'extrémité amont et par une paroi d'extrémité aval, qui délimitent la longueur de ladite chambre d'absorption acoustique, cette dernière étant au moins partiellement comblée par un matériau absorptif acoustique ;
et conformément à la présente invention, ledit tube central comporte un tronçon amont muni de perforations, qui s'étend depuis ladite paroi d'extrémité amont ou approximativement à partir de ladite paroi d'extrémité amont, jusqu'à une zone intermédiaire entre lesdites paroi d'extrémité amont et aval, lequel tronçon amont muni de perforations se prolonge par un tronçon aval plein, dépourvu ou pratiquement dépourvu de perforations, s'étendant depuis ladite zone intermédiaire jusqu'à ladite paroi d'extrémité aval ;
d'autre part, ledit matériau absorptif acoustique remplit l'épaisseur de la chambre d'absorption acoustique, entre le tube central et le tube extérieur, et est délimité par une bordure d'extrémité amont, disposée dans ladite chambre d'absorption acoustique à proximité de ladite paroi d'extrémité amont, ou en appui contre cette dernière, et par une bordure d'extrémité aval, disposée en amont de ladite zone intermédiaire ;
en outre, l'espace de ladite chambre d'absorption acoustique entre ladite bordure d'extrémité aval dudit matériau absorptif acoustique et ladite paroi d'extrémité aval, consiste en une cavité dont une partie amont ceinture une partie aval perforée dudit tube central, et dont une partie aval ceinture une partie aval non perforée dudit tube central.For this, this noise attenuator device is of the type comprising a central tube provided with an upstream extension adapted for its connection to a section of upstream flue pipe, and a downstream extension adapted for its connection to a section of duct downstream smoke, which central tube has perforations and is surrounded by an outer tube to define, between them, an acoustic absorption chamber, which outer tube is connected to said central tube by an upstream end wall and a wall of downstream end, which delimit the length of said acoustic absorption chamber, the latter being at least partially filled by an acoustic absorbing material;
and in accordance with the present invention, said central tube comprises an upstream section provided with perforations, which extends from said upstream end wall or approximately from said upstream end wall, to an intermediate zone between said wall upstream and downstream end portion, which upstream section provided with perforations is extended by a solid downstream portion, free or substantially devoid of perforations, extending from said intermediate zone to said downstream end wall;
on the other hand, said acoustic absorptive material fills the thickness of the acoustic absorption chamber, between the central tube and the outer tube, and is delimited by an upstream end edge disposed in said acoustic absorption chamber at proximity to or abutting said upstream end wall and a downstream end edge disposed upstream of said intermediate zone;
in addition, the space of said acoustic absorption chamber between said downstream end edge of said acoustic absorptive material and said downstream end wall, consists of a cavity of which an upstream portion surrounds a perforated downstream portion of said central tube, and a downstream portion belt a non-perforated downstream portion of said central tube.

La première partie de ce dispositif atténuateur de bruit a une action d'absorption des ondes, grâce au matériau absorptif acoustique, et la seconde partie comporte une cavité ayant pour effet, notamment, de modifier la fréquence des ondes, pour en atténuer le niveau sonore.
Cette cavité est délimitée, d'un côté, par la tranche du matériau absorptif acoustique, qui assure encore une fonction d'absorption des ondes sonores, contribuant à améliorer l'efficacité du dispositif.The first part of this noise attenuator device has a wave absorption action, thanks to the acoustic absorbing material, and the second part has a cavity having the effect, in particular, of modifying the frequency of the waves, to reduce the noise level. .
This cavity is delimited, on one side, by the edge of the acoustic absorptive material, which still provides a sound wave absorption function, contributing to improve the efficiency of the device.

Selon une forme de réalisation particulière, le tube central est de section circulaire et il comporte un axe sur lequel sont centrés lesdits prolongements amont et aval ; la chambre d'absorption acoustique est de section générale annulaire cylindrique, d'épaisseur constante, centrée sur l'axe dudit tube central.According to a particular embodiment, the central tube is of circular section and has an axis on which are centered said upstream and downstream extensions; the sound absorption chamber is of cylindrical annular general section, of constant thickness, centered on the axis of said central tube.

Le matériau absorptif acoustique consiste avantageusement en de la laine de roche dont la densité est comprise entre 30 et 140 kg/m3, de préférence comprise entre 60 et 80 kg/m3.The acoustic absorptive material advantageously consists of rockwool whose density is between 30 and 140 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 80 kg / m 3 .

Selon une forme de réalisation préférée, le diamètre du tube central est compris entre 130 et 600 mm, l'épaisseur de la chambre d'absorption acoustique est comprise entre 100 et 150 mm, et la longueur de cette chambre d'absorption acoustique est comprise entre 700 et 1000 mm.According to a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the central tube is between 130 and 600 mm, the thickness of the sound absorption chamber is between 100 and 150 mm, and the length of this sound absorption chamber is between between 700 and 1000 mm.

Dans une forme de réalisation particulièrement intéressante, le matériau absorptif acoustique s'étend entre le 1/3 et les 2/3 de la longueur de la chambre d'absorption acoustique ; en outre, la partie aval perforée du tube central qui est ceinturée par la partie amont de cavité, s'étend entre le 1/6ème et la 1/2 de la longueur de ladite cavité.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the acoustic absorptive material extends between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length of the acoustic absorption chamber; Furthermore, the perforated portion downstream of the central tube which is surrounded by the upstream cavity portion extends between 1/6 and 1/2 of the length of said cavity.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique, les perforations du tronçon amont du tube central ont un diamètre compris entre 5 et 20 mm, et elles occupent 35 à 70 % de la surface de paroi dudit tronçon amont de tube central.According to yet another feature, the perforations of the upstream section of the central tube have a diameter of between 5 and 20 mm, and they occupy 35 to 70% of the wall surface of said upstream section of central tube.

Le tube extérieur est de préférence solidarisé de manière amovible avec des couronnes cylindriques qui prolongent lesdites parois d'extrémité amont et aval, au moyen de colliers de serrage.The outer tube is preferably releasably secured to cylindrical rings which extend said upstream and downstream end walls by means of clamps.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique particulièrement intéressante, le dispositif atténuateur de bruit comporte un noyau d'absorption intérieur, de forme générale cylindrique, monté coaxialement au tube central, à l'intérieur de ce dernier, lequel noyau a un diamètre inférieur au diamètre du tube central, comporte une extrémité amont (orientée vers ledit prolongement amont) en forme d'ogive, et comporte une enveloppe externe munie de perforations, et remplie d'un matériau absorptif acoustique.
De préférence, la majeure partie de la longueur de ce noyau d'absorption s'étend à l'intérieur du tronçon amont perforé du tube central.According to yet another particularly interesting characteristic, the noise attenuator device comprises an internal absorption core, of generally cylindrical shape, mounted coaxially with the central tube, inside the latter, which core has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the tube. central, has an upstream end (oriented towards said upstream extension) in the form of a warhead, and comprises an outer envelope provided with perforations, and filled with an acoustic absorbing material.
Preferably, most of the length of this absorption core extends inside the perforated upstream section of the central tube.

D'autre part, le dispositif atténuateur de bruit comporte avantageusement une trappe de visite ménagée dans le tube extérieur, associée à un bouchon amovible.On the other hand, the noise attenuator device advantageously comprises a inspection door formed in the outer tube, associated with a removable cap.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE QUELQUES EXEMPLES DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENTS

L'invention sera encore illustrée, sans être aucunement limitée, par la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples et représentés sur les dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif atténuateur de bruit conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective éclatée du dispositif atténuateur de bruit illustré sur la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue d'extrémité du dispositif atténuateur de bruit illustré sur les figures 1 et 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du dispositif atténuateur de bruit, selon le plan de coupe 4-4 de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue d'extrémité d'un second mode de réalisation d'un dispositif atténuateur de bruit conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du dispositif atténuateur de bruit selon le plan de coupe 6-6 de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une variante de réalisation d'un dispositif atténuateur de bruit selon l'invention.
The invention will be further illustrated, without being limited in any way, by the following description of several particular embodiments, given solely by way of example and represented in the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a noise attenuator device according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the noise attenuator device shown in FIG. figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is an end view of the noise attenuator device shown on the Figures 1 and 2 ;
  • the figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the noise attenuator device, according to the section plane 4-4 of the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 is an end view of a second embodiment of a noise attenuator device according to the invention;
  • the figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the noise attenuator device according to the section plane 6-6 of the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a noise attenuator device according to the invention.

Les figures 1 à 4 illustrent un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1 selon l'invention, destiné à être intégré au conduit 2 d'évacuation de fumée équipant une chaudière 3.The Figures 1 to 4 illustrate a first embodiment of a noise attenuator device 1 according to the invention, intended to be integrated with the smoke outlet duct 2 fitted to a boiler 3.

Ce dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1 est en particulier ici agencé pour venir s'intégrer entre un tronçon amont 2a et un tronçon aval 2b du conduit de fumée 2 (figure 4) pour constituer une partie de ce conduit 2 et également pour remplir sa fonction de réduction du bruit provenant de la chaudière 3.
Sur la figure 4, la chaudière 3 est simplement schématisée en pointillés à l'extrémité amont du tronçon de conduit amont 2a.This noise attenuator device 1 is in particular arranged to come here fit between an upstream 2a and a downstream section portion 2 b of the chimney 2 ( figure 4 ) to constitute a part of this duct 2 and also to fulfill its noise reduction function coming from the boiler 3.
On the figure 4 The boiler 3 is merely shown schematically in dotted lines at the upstream end of the upstream conduit section 2a.

Toujours sur la figure 4, on a illustré par la flèche d'orientation 4 le sens amont/aval de déplacement des fumées et des ondes sonores dans le conduit 2 (et donc également dans le dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1).
Ce sens amont/aval est utilisé dans la suite de la description pour définir certaines parties structurelles du dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1.Always on the figure 4 illustrated by the orientation arrow 4 is the upstream / downstream direction of movement of fumes and sound waves in the duct 2 (and therefore also in the noise attenuator device 1).
This upstream / downstream direction is used in the remainder of the description to define certain structural parts of the noise attenuator device 1.

Le dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1 se présente sous une forme générale cylindrique comprenant :

  • un tube central 5 de section circulaire, d'axe longitudinal A, dont l'extrémité amont 6 comporte un prolongement 7 pour son raccordement au tronçon de conduit amont 2a, et dont l'extrémité aval 8 comporte un prolongement 9 pour son raccordement au tronçon de conduit aval 2b ;
  • un tube extérieur 10, de section circulaire, qui ceinture le tube central 5 de manière concentrique et à distance de ce dernier pour définir, entre eux, une chambre annulaire 11, dite « chambre d'absorption acoustique » ; ce tube extérieur 10 est raccordé au tube central 5 par une paroi d'extrémité amont 12 et par une paroi d'extrémité aval 13 ; et
  • un matériau absorptif acoustique 14 destiné à combler une partie du volume de la chambre d'absorption acoustique 11.
The noise attenuator device 1 is in a generally cylindrical form comprising:
  • a central tube 5 of circular section, with a longitudinal axis A, the upstream end 6 has an extension 7 for connection to the upstream conduit portion 2 a, and the downstream end 8 of which comprises an extension 9 for connection to the downstream duct section 2b ;
  • an outer tube 10, of circular section, which surrounds the central tube 5 concentrically and at a distance from the latter to define, between them, an annular chamber 11, called "sound absorption chamber"; this outer tube 10 is connected to the central tube 5 by an upstream end wall 12 and a downstream end wall 13; and
  • an acoustic absorbing material 14 intended to fill a part of the volume of the acoustic absorption chamber 11.

Les parois d'extrémité amont 12 et aval 13 s'étendent parallèlement l'une à l'autre. Elles ont chacune une forme annulaire plane centrée sur l'axe A, et elles définissent entre elles la longueur L de la chambre d'absorption acoustique 11.The upstream end and downstream end walls 13 extend parallel to each other. They each have a flat annular shape centered on the axis A , and they define between them the length L of the acoustic absorption chamber 11.

Des couronnes cylindriques, respectivement 15 et 16, prolongent la bordure périphérique circulaire des parois d'extrémité amont 12 et aval 13, solidarisées avec ces dernières par soudage. Ces couronnes cylindriques 15 et 16 s'étendent vers l'intérieur, c'est-à-dire qu'elles sont orientées en regard l'une de l'autre.Cylindrical rings, respectively 15 and 16, extend the circular peripheral edge of the upstream end and downstream end walls 13, secured thereto by welding. These cylindrical rings 15 and 16 extend inward, that is to say that they are oriented opposite one another.

D'autre part, les prolongements amont 7 et aval 9 consistent en des structures cylindriques comportant une paroi isolée, formée de deux tubes concentriques qui prennent en sandwich un matériau isolant.On the other hand, the upstream extensions 7 and downstream 9 consist of cylindrical structures having an insulated wall formed of two concentric tubes that sandwich an insulating material.

Ces structures cylindriques s'étendent vers l'extérieur à partir des parois d'extrémité 12 et 13, leur tube intérieur étant solidarisé par soudage avec la bordure de l'orifice central desdites parois d'extrémité 12, 13, et leur tube extérieur étant solidarisé par soudage contre la face externe desdites parois d'extrémité 12, 13.These cylindrical structures extend outwardly from the end walls 12 and 13, their inner tube being joined by welding with the edge of the central orifice of said end walls 12, 13, and their outer tube being secured by welding against the outer face of said end walls 12, 13.

L'une des extrémités des tubes intérieurs des prolongements amont 7 et aval 9 s'étend vers l'intérieur, en regard l'une de l'autre, et elles reçoivent par simple emmanchement les extrémités amont 6 et aval 8 du tube central 5.One of the ends of the inner tubes of the upstream and downstream extensions 9 and 9 extend inwards, facing one another, and they receive by simple fitting the upstream and downstream ends 8 and 8 of the central tube 5. .

Le tube extérieur 10 est constitué par une virole cylindrique obtenue à partir d'une plaque cintrée, dont les deux bordures longitudinales en regard, suite au cintrage, sont assemblées entre elles par soudage, et dont les extrémités amont et aval sont solidarisées de manière amovible avec les couronnes cylindriques 15 et 16 précitées qui prolongent la bordure périphérique circulaire des parois d'extrémité amont 12 et aval 13, respectivement, cela au moyen de colliers d'assemblage 17 et 18.The outer tube 10 is constituted by a cylindrical shell obtained from a bent plate, whose two longitudinal edges opposite, following the bending, are assembled together by welding, and whose upstream and downstream ends are secured in a removable manner with the aforementioned cylindrical rings 15 and 16 which extend the circular peripheral edge of the upstream end and downstream end walls 13, respectively, by means of assembly clips 17 and 18.

Le tube central 5, le tube extérieur 10, les parois d'extrémité 12 et 13 et les deux tubes concentriques des prolongements 7 et 9 sont réalisés en matériau métallique, de préférence en acier inoxydable (par exemple du type 316L) pour résister convenablement à la corrosion et à la condensation. On peut pour cela utiliser une tôle métallique dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de 0,4 à 2 mm.The central tube 5, the outer tube 10, the end walls 12 and 13 and the two concentric tubes of the extensions 7 and 9 are made of metallic material, preferably of stainless steel (for example of the 316L type) to resist adequately to corrosion and condensation. This can be done using a metal sheet whose thickness is of the order of 0.4 to 2 mm.

Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 2 et 4, le tube central 5 comporte :

  • un tronçon amont 5a, muni de perforations 19, qui s'étend depuis la paroi d'extrémité amont 12 jusqu'à une zone intermédiaire 20 située entre lesdites parois amont 12 et aval 13, cette zone intermédiaire 20 correspondant ici à un plan B perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal A, et
  • un tronçon aval 5b plein, non perforé, qui s'étend depuis ladite zone intermédiaire 20 jusqu'à la paroi d'extrémité aval 13.
As can be seen on the figures 2 and 4 the central tube 5 comprises:
  • an upstream section 5a, provided with perforations 19, which extends from the upstream end wall 12 to an intermediate zone 20 situated between said upstream and downstream walls 12, this intermediate zone 20 corresponding here to a perpendicular plane B to the longitudinal axis A , and
  • a full, non-perforated, solid portion 5b extending from said intermediate zone 20 to the downstream end wall 13.

Les tronçons amont 5a et aval 5b du tube central 5 sont juxtaposés et ils s'étendent ensemble sur toute la longueur L de la chambre d'atténuation acoustique 11.The upstream portions 5a and 5b downstream of the central tube 5 are juxtaposed and they together extend over the entire length L of the acoustic attenuation chamber 11.

La longueur C du tronçon amont 5a du tube central 5 est de préférence comprise entre la moitié et les 3/4 de la longueur L, la longueur D du tronçon aval 5b occupant le reste de cette longueur L.The length C of the upstream section 5 has the central tube 5 is preferably between half and 3/4 of the length L, the length D of the downstream section 5b occupying the remainder of that length L.

Les perforations 19 sont adaptées en dimensions et nombre pour laisser pénétrer au maximum les ondes sonores dans la chambre d'atténuation acoustique 11, tout en permettant au tube central 5 de maintenir correctement le matériau absorptif acoustique 14.The perforations 19 are adapted in size and number to allow maximum penetration of the sound waves in the acoustic attenuation chamber 11, while allowing the central tube 5 to correctly hold the acoustic absorbing material 14.

Pour cela, les perforations 19 du tronçon amont 5a du tube central 5 sont réalisées de manière homogène sur toute la surface de paroi concernée, et elles ont un diamètre qui est de préférence compris entre 5 et 20 mm (encore de préférence compris entre 10 et 15 mm). Ces perforations occupent 35 à 70 % de la surface de paroi du tronçon de tube 5a (de préférence 45 à 60 % de cette surface de paroi).To do this, the perforations 19 of the upstream section 5 has the central tube 5 is uniformly formed on the entire surface of wall concerned, and have a diameter which is preferably between 5 and 20 mm (more preferably between 10 and 15 mm). These perforations occupy 35 to 70% of the wall surface 5 of the tube section has (preferably 45 to 60% of the wall surface).

La chambre d'absorption acoustique 11 est de forme générale annulaire de section constante, et elle est délimitée par le tube central 5, le tube extérieur 10, la paroi d'extrémité amont 12 et la paroi d'extrémité aval 13.The acoustic absorption chamber 11 is of generally annular shape of constant section, and it is delimited by the central tube 5, the outer tube 10, the upstream end wall 12 and the downstream end wall 13.

Cette chambre d'absorption acoustique 11 comporte ici une partie amont 11a qui est comblée par le matériau absorptif acoustique 14, suivie d'une partie aval 11b vide, dépourvue de matériau de comblement, formant une cavité annulaire cylindrique.This sound absorption chamber 11 here comprises an upstream portion 11a which is filled by the sound absorptive material 14, followed by a downstream portion 11b vacuo devoid of filler material, forming a cylindrical annular cavity.

La partie amont 11a de la chambre d'absorption acoustique 11, de longueur E, s'étend depuis la paroi d'extrémité amont 12 jusqu'à un plan F perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal A, situé en amont de la zone intermédiaire 20 précitée (qui s'étend dans le plan B), séparant la zone perforée 5a de la zone non perforée 5b du tube central 5 ; en particulier, cette partie amont 11a de la chambre 11 s'étend en regard d'une partie amont 5a' du tronçon perforé 5a du tube central 5.The upstream portion 11a of the sound absorption chamber 11, of length E, extends from the upstream end wall 12 to a plane F perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A, located upstream of the intermediate zone above 20 (which extends in the plane B), separating the perforated area 5a of the non-perforated area 5b of the central tube 5; in particular, this upstream portion 11a of the chamber 11 extends opposite an upstream portion 5a 'of the perforated section 5 has the central tube 5.

La cavité annulaire cylindrique 11b de la chambre d'atténuation acoustique 11 a une longueur G.The cylindrical annular cavity 11b of the acoustic attenuation chamber 11 has a length G.

Le matériau absorptif acoustique 14 se présente sous la forme d'un cylindre annulaire délimité a/ par une surface cylindrique extérieure 14a, en contact avec la face interne du tube extérieur 10, b/ par une surface cylindrique intérieure 14b, en contact avec la face externe du tube central 5, c/ par une bordure d'extrémité amont 14c, s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal A, disposée à proximité de la paroi d'extrémité amont 12 ou en appui contre cette dernière, et d/ par une bordure d'extrémité aval 14d, s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal A et correspondant au plan précité F situé en amont de la zone intermédiaire 20.The sound absorptive material 14 is in the form of a delimited annular cylinder / by an outer cylindrical surface 14a, in contact with the inner face of the outer tube 10, b / by an inner cylindrical surface 14b, in contact with the outer face of the central tube 5, c / by an upstream end edge 14c , extending in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A , disposed near the upstream end wall 12 or bearing against this last, and d / by a downstream end edge 14 d , extending in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A and corresponding to the aforementioned plane F located upstream of the intermediate zone 20.

La longueur du cylindre en matériau absorptif acoustique 14, entre ses bordures d'extrémité amont 14c et aval 14d correspond à la longueur E de la partie amont 11a de la chambre d'absorption acoustique 11, et l'intégralité de cette longueur est en regard d'une partie perforée du tube central 5 (correspondant à la partie amont 5a' du tronçon amont perforé 5a de ce tube central 5).The acoustic absorptive material length of cylinder 14 between its upstream end downstream edges 14 c and 14 d corresponds to the length E of the upstream portion 11a of the sound absorption chamber 11, and all of this length is compared to a perforated portion of the central tube 5 (corresponding to the upstream portion 5a 'of the upstream perforated section 5a of the central tube 5).

Le matériau absorptif acoustique 14 consiste ici en des fibres minérales à haute densité, par exemple de la laine de roche dont la densité est comprise entre 30 et 140 kg/m3, de préférence comprise entre 60 et 80 kg/m3.The acoustic absorptive material 14 here consists of high density mineral fibers, for example rockwool whose density is between 30 and 140 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 80 kg / m 3 .

La longueur E de la partie amont 11a de la chambre d'absorption acoustique 11, comblée par le matériau absorptif acoustique 14, correspond entre le 1/3 et les 2/3 de la longueur L de ladite chambre 11.The length E of the upstream portion 11a of the sound absorption chamber 11, filled by the sound absorptive material 14, is between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length L of said chamber 11.

La partie aval 11b en forme de cavité de la chambre d'absorption acoustique 11 comporte donc - une partie amont 11b' de longueur H, qui ceinture une partie aval 5a" du tronçon amont perforé 5a du tube central 5, et - une partie aval 11b" de la longueur I, qui ceinture le tronçon aval plein 5b du tube central 5.The downstream portion 11b shaped cavity of the sound absorption chamber 11 therefore comprises - an upstream portion 11 b 'of length H, which surrounds a downstream portion 5a "of the perforated upstream section 5 has the central tube 5, and a downstream portion 11b " of the length I , which surrounds the full downstream portion 5b of the central tube 5.

Cette cavité 11b de la chambre d'atténuation acoustique 11 est délimitée par la partie aval du tube extérieur 10, par la bordure d'extrémité aval 14d du matériau d'absorption acoustique 14, par la paroi d'extrémité aval 13 et par une partie du tube central 5 comprenant la partie aval perforée 5a" suivie du tronçon aval plein 5b.This cavity 11b of the acoustic attenuation chamber 11 is delimited by the downstream part of the outer tube 10, by the downstream end edge 14 d of the acoustic absorption material 14, by the downstream end wall 13 and by part of the central tube 5 with the downstream perforated portion 5a "followed by the full downstream section 5b.

La longueur H de cette partie aval 5a" ceinturée par la partie amont de cavité 11b', entre les plans B et F précités, correspond entre le 1/6ème et la 1/2 de la longueur G de la cavité 11b.The length H of this downstream portion 5 " surrounded by the upstream cavity portion 11b ' between the above-mentioned planes B and F 1 corresponds to 1/6 th and 1/2 of the length G of the cavity 11b. .

D'une manière générale, la longueur L de la chambre d'absorption acoustique 11 peut être comprise entre 700 et 1000 mm, et son épaisseur comprise entre 100 et 150 mm ; le diamètre du tube central 5 peut, de son côté, être compris entre 130 et 600 mm.In general, the length L of the acoustic absorption chamber 11 may be between 700 and 1000 mm, and its thickness between 100 and 150 mm; the diameter of the central tube 5 may, for its part, be between 130 and 600 mm.

Le cylindre de matériau absorptif acoustique 14 est de préférence réalisé au moyen de deux demi-coques complémentaires, chacune demi-cylindrique, tel qu'illustré sur la figure 2. Cette particularité permet de faciliter le montage et le remplacement du matériau absorptif acoustique, en cas de dégradation ou d'encrassement. Ce cylindre 14 en matériau absorptif acoustique peut être protégé par un tissu de fibre de verre prévu sur la face interne du matériau absorptif acoustique, plaquée contre le tube central 5.The cylinder of acoustic absorptive material 14 is preferably made by means of two complementary half-shells, each half-cylindrical, as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 . This feature makes it easier to assemble and replace the acoustic absorption material, in case of degradation or fouling. This cylinder 14 of acoustic absorbing material may be protected by a fiberglass fabric provided on the internal face of the acoustic absorbing material, pressed against the central tube 5.

On notera également que le dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1 comporte un orifice de purge 22, aménagé sur le tube extérieur 10, pour assurer l'évacuation des condensats, lors de la pose sur les raccordements horizontaux et verticaux.Note also that the noise attenuator device 1 comprises a purge port 22, arranged on the outer tube 10, to ensure the evacuation of condensate, when laying on the horizontal and vertical connections.

Une telle structure de dispositif atténuateur de bruit permet d'absorber efficacement les ondes sonores émises par la chaudière 3, et qui se propagent dans le conduit d'évacuation de fumée 2.Such a noise attenuator device structure effectively absorbs the sound waves emitted by the boiler 3, and which propagate in the smoke evacuation duct 2.

Un tel dispositif permet de piéger les ondes sonores par le matériau absorptif acoustique 14, et également par la cavité 11b, cela de manière efficace sur une large plage de fréquences d'ondes.Such a device makes it possible to trap the sound waves by the acoustic absorptive material 14, and also by the cavity 11b , this effectively over a wide range of wave frequencies.

Des tests réalisés avec un dispositif dont la longueur L est de 800 mm, dont le diamètre du tube central est de 200 mm, dont l'épaisseur de la chambre d'absorption acoustique est de 125 mm, dont la longueur du matériau d'absorption acoustique est de 400 mm et dont la longueur de la partie perforée du tube central est de 500 mm, ont montré une efficacité supérieure à 15 dB sur toute la bande de fréquence (entre 150 et 4000 Hertz).Tests carried out with a device whose length L is 800 mm, whose central tube diameter is 200 mm, the thickness of the sound absorption chamber is 125 mm, the length of the absorption material 400 mm and the length of the perforated part of the central tube is 500 mm, showed an efficiency greater than 15 dB over the entire frequency band (between 150 and 4000 Hertz).

Les figures 5 et 6 illustrent un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif atténuateur de bruit conforme à l'invention.The Figures 5 and 6 illustrate another embodiment of a noise attenuator device according to the invention.

Ce dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1' a une structure très proche de celle du mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 1 à 4. Il comporte en plus un noyau d'absorption aménagé à l'intérieur du tube central, permettant en particulier de limiter la voie d'air dans le cas de grands diamètres de tube central.This noise attenuator device 1 'has a structure very close to that of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. Figures 1 to 4 . It further comprises an absorption core arranged inside the central tube, in particular to limit the air path in the case of large central tube diameters.

Dans la description qui suit, les parties structurelles communes au mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 4 conservent les mêmes repères, par mesure de simplification.In the description which follows, the structural parts common to the embodiment of the Figures 1 to 4 retain the same benchmarks, for the sake of simplification.

Le dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1' comporte donc un tube central 5 muni des deux prolongements d'extrémité 7 et 9 et ceinturé par un tube extérieur 10.
Ce tube extérieur 10 est assemblé avec le tube central 5 par la paroi d'extrémité amont 12 et par la paroi d'extrémité aval 13 pour définir la chambre annulaire d'absorption acoustique 11.
Ici encore, le tronçon amont 5a du tube central 5 est perforé ; à partir de la zone intermédiaire 20, ce tronçon amont 5a se prolonge par un tronçon aval plein, non perforé 5b.The noise attenuator 1 'thus comprises a central tube 5 provided with two end extensions 7 and 9 and surrounded by an outer tube 10.
This outer tube 10 is assembled with the central tube 5 by the upstream end wall 12 and the downstream end wall 13 to define the annular acoustic absorption chamber 11.
Again, the upstream portion 5a of the central tube 5 is perforated; from the intermediate zone 20, this upstream portion 5a is extended by a downstream section full unperforated 5b.

D'autre part, une couronne de matériau absorptif acoustique 14 comble la partie amont 11a de la chambre d'absorption acoustique 11, jusqu'au plan F situé en amont de la zone intermédiaire 20 précitée.On the other hand, an acoustic absorptive material of ring 14 fills the upstream portion 11a of the sound absorption chamber 11, to the plane F located upstream of the intermediate zone 20 above.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, un noyau d'absorption complémentaire 23 est monté à l'intérieur du tube central 5, sur l'axe longitudinal A de ce dernier.In this embodiment, a complementary absorption core 23 is mounted inside the central tube 5, on the longitudinal axis A of the latter.

Ce noyau d'absorption intérieur 23 se présente sous la forme générale d'un cylindre dont le diamètre est inférieur au diamètre du tube central 5, assemblé avec la face intérieure de ce dernier au moyen de pattes entretoises 24.This inner absorption core 23 is in the general form of a cylinder whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the central tube 5, assembled with the inner face of the latter by means of spacer tabs 24.

Ce noyau d'absorption 23 comporte une enveloppe externe cylindrique 25 qui est munie de perforations 26 ; cette enveloppe 25 est remplie par un matériau absorptif acoustique 27.This absorption core 23 has a cylindrical outer envelope 25 which is provided with perforations 26; this envelope 25 is filled with an acoustic absorbing material 27.

L'enveloppe externe 25 du noyau d'absorption 23 est réalisée en acier inoxydable, par exemple de type 316L. Les perforations 26 sont réparties de manière homogène sur toute la surface de l'enveloppe externe 25 et elles occupent entre 40 et 60 % de la surface de cette enveloppe.The outer casing 25 of the absorption core 23 is made of stainless steel, for example of the 316L type. The perforations 26 are evenly distributed over the entire surface of the outer envelope 25 and they occupy between 40 and 60% of the surface of this envelope.

Le matériau absorptif acoustique 27 consiste de préférence en de la laine de roche dont la densité est comprise entre 30 et 140 kg/m3, de préférence comprise entre 60 et 80 kg/m3.The acoustic absorbing material 27 preferably consists of rockwool whose density is between 30 and 140 kg / m 3 , preferably between 60 and 80 kg / m 3 .

Au moins l'extrémité amont 28 du noyau d'absorption 27 est en forme d'ogive (ou de dôme) pour limiter les perturbations du flux de fumée.
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, l'extrémité aval 29 du noyau d'absorption 23 se présente également sous la forme d'une ogive.At least the upstream end 28 of the absorption core 27 is in the form of a warhead (or dome) to limit the disturbances of the smoke flow.
In the illustrated embodiment, the downstream end 29 of the absorption core 23 is also in the form of an ogive.

Ce noyau d'absorption 23 s'étend sur une partie de la longueur du tube central 5 ; de préférence il s'étend à l'intérieur du tronçon amont perforé 5a dudit tube central. En l'occurrence, le noyau d'absorption 23 s'étend ici sur toute la longueur de la partie amont 5a' du tronçon de tube 5a, c'est-à-dire sur toute la longueur occupée par le cylindre de noyau absorptif acoustique 14.This absorption core 23 extends over a portion of the length of the central tube 5; preferably it extends inside the perforated upstream portion 5a of said central tube. In this case, the absorption core 23 extends here over the entire length of the upstream portion 5a 'of the tube 5 of a section, that is to say over the entire length occupied by the core cylinder acoustic absorptive 14.

Ce noyau d'absorption 23 a pour fonction et pour intérêt de rajouter du matériau absorptif pour compenser le diamètre intérieur important du dispositif d'absorption acoustique, en particulier dans le cas de tubes intérieurs ayant un diamètre supérieur ou égal à 350 mm.This absorption core 23 has the function and interest of adding absorbing material to compensate for the large inside diameter of the acoustic absorption device, in particular in the case of inner tubes having a diameter greater than or equal to 350 mm.

La figure 7 illustre encore un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1" conforme à l'invention.
Ici encore, les parties structurelles communes aux modes de réalisation des figures 1 à 6 conservent les mêmes repères par mesure de simplification.The figure 7 illustrates yet another embodiment of a noise attenuator device 1 "according to the invention.
Here again, the structural parts common to the embodiments of the Figures 1 to 6 retain the same benchmarks as a simplification measure.

Ce dispositif atténuateur de bruit 1" comporte donc un tube central 5 muni de deux prolongements d'extrémité 7 et 9 et ceinturé par un tube extérieur 10.
Ce tube extérieur 10 est assemblé avec le tube central 5 par la paroi d'extrémité amont 12 et par la paroi d'extrémité aval 13 pour définir la chambre annulaire 11.
Le tube central 5 comporte un tronçon amont 5a perforé jusqu'à la zone intermédiaire 20, suivi d'un tronçon aval plein 5b.
D'autre part, une couronne de matériau absorptif acoustique 14 comble la partie amont 11a de la chambre d'absorption 11.This noise attenuator device 1 "thus comprises a central tube 5 provided with two end extensions 7 and 9 and surrounded by an outer tube 10.
This outer tube 10 is assembled with the central tube 5 by the upstream end wall 12 and the downstream end wall 13 to define the annular chamber 11.
The central tube 5 has an upstream section 5 has perforated until the intermediate region 20, followed by a downstream full section 5 b.
On the other hand, an acoustic absorptive material of ring 14 fills the upstream portion 11a of the absorption chamber 11.

Ici une trappe de visite 30 est prévue dans le tube extérieur 10, débouchant dans la partie aval 11b en forme de cavité.
Cette trappe de visite 30 est formée d'une virole cylindrique 31 fixée sur le tube extérieur 10 (selon un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de ce tube extérieur 10), associée à un bouchon amovible isolé 32.
Une découpe/ouverture 33 est aménagée dans la partie centrale du tube central 5 en regard de la trappe de visite 30, pour permettre l'accès à l'intérieur de ce tube central 5. Une telle trappe de visite 30 permet l'entretien du dispositif, notamment lorsqu'il est placé sur des conduits desservant des chaudières à combustible solide comme le bois. Ce genre de trappe de visite peut bien entendu être aménagée également dans des dispositifs atténuateurs avec noyau d'absorption, tel qu'illustré sur les figures 5 et 6.Here a inspection hatch 30 is provided in the outer tube 10, opening into the downstream portion 11b in the form of a cavity.
This inspection hatch 30 is formed of a cylindrical shell 31 fixed on the outer tube 10 (along an axis perpendicular to the axis of this outer tube 10), associated with an insulated removable cap 32.
A cutout / aperture 33 is arranged in the central part of the central tube 5 facing the inspection hatch 30, to allow access to the interior of this central tube 5. Such a inspection hatch 30 allows the maintenance of the device, especially when placed on conduits serving solid fuel boilers such as wood. This kind of inspection hatch can of course also be fitted in attenuator devices with absorption core, as illustrated on the Figures 5 and 6 .

D'une manière générale, le tronçon aval 5b du tube central 5 est de préférence dépourvu de perforations ou d'ouvertures. Cependant, une ou quelques perforations/ouvertures peuvent y être aménagées, en fonction des besoins, (comme dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 7), sans qu'elles occupent une surface de paroi importante. Cette surface de paroi perforée/ouverte du tronçon 5b sera en tout état de cause moins importante que celle du tronçon 5a.In general, the downstream section 5b of the central tube 5 is preferably devoid of perforations or openings. However, one or a few perforations / openings can be arranged, depending on the needs, (as in the embodiment of the figure 7 ), without occupying a large wall surface. This surface perforated wall / open of the section 5B will be in any case smaller than that of the section 5 has.

Claims (9)

  1. A silencer device for a flue pipe (2) equipping a boiler (3), wherein said device (1, 1', 1") includes a central tube (5) provided with an upstream extension (7) suitable for being connected to an upstream flue pipe section (2a), and with a downstream extension (9) suitable for being connected to a downstream flue pipe section (2b), wherein said central tube (5) includes perforations (19) and is surrounded by an outer tube (10) to define between each other an acoustic absorption chamber (11), wherein said outer tube (10) is connected to said central tube (5) by an upstream end wall (12) and by a downstream end wall (13) that delimit the length (L) of said acoustic absorption chamber (11), the latter being at least partially filled with an acoustic absorptive material (14),
    wherein said central tube (5) includes an upstream section (5a) provided with perforations (19), which extends from said upstream end wall (12) or approximately from said upstream end wall (12), up to an intermediate area (20) between said upstream (12) and downstream (13) end walls, wherein said upstream section (5a) provided with perforations (19) is extended by a solid downstream section (5b), devoid or almost devoid of perforations, extending from said intermediate area (20) to said downstream end wall (13),
    wherein said acoustic absorptive material (14) fills the thickness of the acoustic absorption chamber (11), between the central tube (5) and the outer tube (10), and wherein said acoustic absorptive material (14) is delimited by an upstream end edge (14c), arranged in said acoustic absorption chamber (11) near said upstream end wall (12), or in rest against the latter,
    characterized in that said acoustic absorptive material (14) is also delimited by a downstream end edge (14d), arranged upstream from said intermediate area (20),
    the space (11b) of said acoustic absorption chamber (11) between said downstream end edge (14d) of said acoustic absorptive material (14) and said downstream end wall (13), consisting of a cavity, an upstream portion (11b') of which surrounds a perforated downstream portion (5a") of said central tube (5), and a downstream portion (11b") of which surrounds a non-perforated downstream portion (5b) of said central tube (5).
  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said central tube (5) has a circular cross-section and has an axis (A) on which are centred said upstream (7) and downstream (9) extensions, said acoustic absorption chamber (11) having a generally cylindrical annular cross-section, of constant thickness, centred on the axis (A) of said central tube (5).
  3. The device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the acoustic absorptive material (14) consists of rock wool of specific gravity comprised between 30 and 140 kg/m3, preferably comprised between 60 and 80 kg/m3.
  4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diameter of the central tube (5) is comprised between 130 and 600 mm, in that the thickness of the acoustic absorption chamber (11) is comprised between 100 and 150 mm, and in that the length of said acoustic absorption chamber (11) is comprised between 700 and 1000 mm.
  5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said acoustic absorptive material (14) extends between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length (L) of the acoustic absorption chamber (11) and in that the perforated downstream portion (5a") of said central tube (5) that is surrounded by said upstream portion (11b') of the cavity (11b), extends between 1/6 and 1/2 of the length of said cavity (11b).
  6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the perforations (19) of the upstream section (5a) of the central tube (5) have a diameter comprised between 5 and 20 mm, and occupy 35 to 70 % of the wall surface of said upstream section (5a) of the central tube (5).
  7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer tube (10) is removably fastened with cylindrical crowns (15, 16) that extend said upstream (12) and downstream (13) end walls, by means of clamping collars (17, 18).
  8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it includes an inner absorption core (23) generally cylindrical in shape, mounted coaxially to said central tube (5), inside the latter, said core (23) having a diameter lower than the diameter of said central tube (5), having an upstream end (28), directed towards said upstream extension (7), ogive in shape, and having an outer envelope (25) provided with perforations (26) and filled with an acoustic absorptive material (27).
  9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it includes an inspection hole (30) formed into the outer tube (10), associated with a removable plug (32).
EP14306560.5A 2013-10-03 2014-10-03 Silencer for a smoke evacuation conduit provided in a boiler Active EP2857748B1 (en)

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PL14306560T PL2857748T3 (en) 2013-10-03 2014-10-03 Silencer for a smoke evacuation conduit provided in a boiler

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1359600A FR3011617B1 (en) 2013-10-03 2013-10-03 NOISE ATTENUATING DEVICE FOR A SMOKE EXHAUST DUCT EQUIPPING A BOILER

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EP2857748B1 true EP2857748B1 (en) 2019-11-13

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FR3098280B1 (en) 2019-07-03 2021-07-30 Poujoulat Noise attenuating device for a smoke exhaust duct fitted to a smoke-producing device

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1500798A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-01-26 J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG Silencer and exhaust system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2075263A (en) * 1931-10-19 1937-03-30 Maxim Silencer Co Sound attenuating device
DE7036626U (en) * 1970-10-03 1971-01-21 Schneider Peter EXHAUST SILENCER
FR2733580B1 (en) * 1995-04-28 1997-07-18 Mediterranee Const Ind ACOUSTIC MITIGATION ARRANGEMENT OUT OF INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEYS
DE29808058U1 (en) * 1998-05-05 1998-08-13 Niesing Stahlbau Stahlschornst Combination pipe silencer
EP1633958B1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2007-09-05 Owens Corning Mufflers with enhanced acoustic performance at low and moderate frequencies
DE102010049578A1 (en) * 2010-10-26 2012-04-26 Webasto Ag Silencer device for a fluid line and heater with a silencer device
JP5450499B2 (en) * 2011-04-18 2014-03-26 本田技研工業株式会社 Silencer

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1500798A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-01-26 J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG Silencer and exhaust system

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EP2857748A1 (en) 2015-04-08
FR3011617B1 (en) 2015-10-23
FR3011617A1 (en) 2015-04-10
PL2857748T3 (en) 2020-05-18

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