EP2850372B1 - Surveillance et régulation de la température d'une cargaison pour un conteneur réfrigéré - Google Patents

Surveillance et régulation de la température d'une cargaison pour un conteneur réfrigéré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2850372B1
EP2850372B1 EP13712629.8A EP13712629A EP2850372B1 EP 2850372 B1 EP2850372 B1 EP 2850372B1 EP 13712629 A EP13712629 A EP 13712629A EP 2850372 B1 EP2850372 B1 EP 2850372B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cargo
temperature
refrigeration unit
container
temperature sensors
Prior art date
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EP13712629.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2850372A1 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth Cresswell
Yu H. Chen
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/748—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents for tank containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25D2500/04—Calculation of parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F25D2700/123—Sensors measuring the inside temperature more than one sensor measuring the inside temperature in a compartment

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed herein relates to refrigeration systems. More specifically, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to refrigeration of containers utilized to store and ship cargo.
  • a typical refrigerated cargo container such as those utilized to transport a cargo via sea, rail or road, is a container modified to include a refrigeration unit located at one end of the container.
  • the refrigeration unit includes a compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator coil, all located at the end of the container.
  • a volume of refrigerant circulates throughout the refrigeration unit, and one or more evaporator fans of the refrigeration unit blow a flow of air across the evaporator coil cooling the air and forcing it out into the container.
  • the cooled air in typical container system is forced out of the refrigeration unit and along a floor of the container. As the cooled air travels away from the refrigeration unit, its temperature increases and it rises in the container and eventually returns to the refrigeration unit. Temperature of this return air is sensed at the refrigeration unit. This sensed supply air temperature is used by a refrigeration unit control system to determine various settings of the refrigeration unit including switching the compressor on or off, setting the fan speed to high or low or off, or other settings that determine a temperature of the air exiting the refrigeration unit into the container.
  • Using the temperature of the supply air to drive operation of the refrigeration unit is inaccurate in maintaining a desired cargo temperature, especially in cases of particularly temperature sensitive cargos, for example, bananas or other fruits, or the like.
  • the air temperature in most cases, can vary greatly from the actual cargo temperature, making maintaining the desired cargo temperature difficult.
  • the present method cannot determine if localized hot (or cold) spots exist in the container, which can result in spoilage of certain portions of the cargo.
  • US 2011/232307 A1 shows a liquid refrigeration system for a thermally-insulated storage container includes a tank configured to store liquid air therein, a conduit system having a first end portion coupled to the tank and a second end portion configured to be positioned within an interior of the thermally-insulated storage container, a spray head coupled to the second end portion of the conduit system, a control system electrically coupled to the tank and the spray head to control the flow of liquid air from the tank to the spray head.
  • US 2009/299530 A1 shows a generator set including a prime mover, a generator coupled to the prime mover, and a controller that is associated with a temperature controlled space and operates the generator set in one of a start/stop mode and a continuous mode depending on a demand defined at least in part by contents within the temperature controlled space.
  • US 2006/2779358 A1 shows a cargo container includes an outer aluminum housing having side, rear, bottom and top walls and a front opening with a pair of hinged doors.
  • the housing receives a molded box-shaped composite outer shell which receives a molded box-shaped composite inner shell defining a cargo chamber.
  • US 2011/221573 shows a remote monitoring and control of the interior environment of a refrigerated shipping container is described.
  • a communications and monitoring device is coupled to a data communications port of a controller of a shipping container.
  • the device is able to receive an operational parameter directly from the controller, without having to install additional instrumentation within the interior of the refrigerated shipping container, and send the operational parameter to a remote station.
  • a method of monitoring and controlling temperature of a cargo in a refrigerated transportation cargo container includes the features of claim 1.
  • a transportation cargo container refrigeration system includes the features of claim 3.
  • a refrigerated transportation cargo container includes the features of claim 5.
  • FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is an embodiment of a refrigerated cargo container 10.
  • the cargo container 10 is configured to maintain a cargo 12 located inside the cargo container 10 at a selected temperature through the use of a refrigeration unit 14 located at the container 10.
  • the cargo container 10 is mobile and is utilized to transport the cargo 12 via, for example, a truck, a train or a ship.
  • the refrigeration unit 14 includes (as schematically shown in FIG. 1 ) a compressor 16, a condenser 18, an expansion valve 20, an evaporator 22 and an evaporator fan 24 located at, for example, a first end 26 of the container 10.
  • the refrigeration unit 14 flows return airflow 28 across the evaporator 22 via the evaporator fan 24, thus cooling the airflow 28 to a selected temperature and urges the cooled return airflow 28 through a refrigeration unit outlet 30 into the container 10 to cool the cargo 12.
  • the return airflow 28 may also be supplemented with a fresh airflow 32 introduced to the refrigeration unit 14 via a fresh air inlet 34.
  • the container 10 further includes a second end 36 located opposite the first end 26, and two sidewalls 38, a floor 40 and a roof 44 located between the first end 26 and the second end 36.
  • Operation of the refrigeration unit 14 is controlled by a controller 46, which directs such functions of the refrigeration unit 14 as switching the compressor 16 on or off, operation of and speed of the evaporator fan 24, and operation of and speed of a fresh air fan (not shown), used to introduce fresh air into the refrigeration unit 14.
  • the controller 46 operates the refrigeration unit 14 to maintain a selected cargo temperature of the cargo 12.
  • the cargo temperature sensors 50 are noncontact sensors, for example, thermal cameras, laser temperature sensors, or the like.
  • the cargo temperature sensors 50 are utilized to determine the cargo temperature, rather than the temperature of the airflow in the container 10, so that refrigeration unit 14 can be more accurately and beneficially managed by the controller 46.
  • the plurality of cargo temperature sensors 50 each sense a cargo temperature. These cargo temperatures are transmitted to the controller 46, to which the plurality of cargo temperature sensors 50 are operably connected, in step 54.
  • the controller 46, or a processor of the controller 46 manipulates the data provided by the cargo temperature sensors 50, the cargo temperatures provided by the cargo temperature sensors 50 are averaged, resulting in an average cargo temperature.
  • the average cargo temperature is compared to a selected average cargo temperature, or "set point". This set point is a temperature desired for the cargo 12 to minimize undesirable effects on the cargo 12, for example, thawing, spoilage or the like.
  • the set point may include a threshold band around it, for example, a certain number of degrees greater and/or lesser than the set point. If the average cargo temperature varies from the set point, or is outside of the threshold band, the controller 46 takes action by changing the operation of the refrigeration unit 14, in step 60. These changes may include switching the compressor 16 on if the average cargo temperature is higher than allowed by the threshold, or turning the compressor 16 off and/or introducing a greater amount of fresh airflow 32 if the average cargo temperature is lower than the threshold. This process is repeated continuously, as the plurality of cargo temperature sensors 50 constantly monitor the cargo temperature.
  • the refrigeration unit 14, and the cargo temperature sensors 50 monitor the cargo for localized variations in cargo temperature, referred to as "hot spots", where a portion of the cargo 12 is locally undesirably warmer than surrounding or adjacent cargo 12, or “cold spots”, where a portion of the cargo 12 is locally undesirably cooler than surrounding or adjacent cargo 12.
  • the controller 46 monitors the cargo temperature data received from the plurality of cargo temperature sensors 50, for individual cargo temperatures that vary from the average cargo temperature outside of a local cargo temperature threshold, in step 62.
  • Such local variation is indicative of a hot spot or cold spot in the cargo 12, and is addressed by the controller in step 64, by for example, switching the evaporator fan 24 to high speed operation to urge a stronger circulation of airflow 28 throughout the container 10, thereby eliminating the hot spot or cold spot.
  • the cargo temperature data from the cargo temperature sensors 50 is stored at the controller 46 and may be output as, for example, a cargo temperature history or temperature map 68 once the cargo 12 reaches a destination.
  • the cargo temperature map 68 is useful for a customer to cargo receiver in determining which portions of the cargo, if any, were at a higher or lower temperature, which may affect a remaining time of the cargo 12 portions prior to spoilage or other undesirable effects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé de surveillance et de commande de la température d'une cargaison (12) dans un conteneur de cargaison de transport réfrigéré (10) comprenant :
    la mesure d'une température d'une pluralité de parties de la cargaison (12) disposée dans le conteneur de cargaison (10) par l'intermédiaire d'une pluralité de capteurs de température (50) dirigés au niveau des parties de la cargaison (12) ;
    la détermination de la température de cargaison, plutôt que de la température de l'écoulement d'air dans le conteneur (10) par les capteurs de température (50), les capteurs de température (50) étant conçus comme des capteurs sans contact, à savoir des caméras thermiques ou des capteurs de température à laser ;
    le calcul d'une température de cargaison moyenne à partir des températures de cargaison mesurées ;
    la comparaison de la température moyenne de cargaison à un seuil de température moyenne de cargaison ;
    le changement de fonctionnement d'une unité de réfrigération (14) disposée au niveau du conteneur de cargaison (10) en communication opérationnelle avec la pluralité de capteurs de température (50) sur la base d'un résultat de la comparaison ;
    l'évaluation des températures de cargaison mesurées pour des variations de température de cargaison localisées ;
    la correction des variations de température de cargaison localisées par le changement du fonctionnement de l'unité de réfrigération (14), dans lequel le changement de fonctionnement de l'unité de réfrigération (14) comprend un ou plusieurs changements de fonctionnement d'un compresseur (16), d'un évaporateur (22), de ventilateurs d'évaporateur (24), d'un ventilateur de condenseur ou d'une entrée d'air frais (34) de l'unité de réfrigération (14) ;
    la transmission des températures de cargaison mesurées à un dispositif de commande (46) en communication opérationnelle avec la pluralité de capteurs de température (50) et avec l'unité de réfrigération (14), le dispositif de commande (46) étant configuré pour changer le fonctionnement de l'unité de réfrigération (14) ;
    la surveillance de la température de cargaison pour des variations localisées dans la température de cargaison par l'unité de réfrigération (14) et par les capteurs de température de cargaison (50) ;
    la surveillance des données de température de cargaison reçues de la pluralité de capteurs de température de cargaison (50) pour des températures de cargaison individuelles qui varient d'une température de cargaison moyenne en dehors d'un seuil de température de cargaison local par le dispositif de commande (46) ; et par exemple, la commutation du ventilateur d'évaporateur (24) en mode de fonctionnement à haute vitesse pour entraîner une circulation plus forte de l'écoulement d'air (28) dans tout le conteneur (10), éliminant ainsi un point chaud ou un point froid.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pluralité de capteurs de température de cargaison (50) mesure la température de cargaison de manière sensiblement continue.
  3. Système de réfrigération de conteneur de cargaison de transport, comprenant :
    une pluralité de capteurs de température de cargaison (50) configurée pour déterminer une température d'au moins des parties d'une cargaison (12) ;
    une unité de réfrigération (14) ; et
    un dispositif de commande (46) connecté de manière opérationnelle à l'unité de réfrigération (14) et la pluralité de capteurs de température de cargaison (50) pour commander le fonctionnement de l'unité de réfrigération (14) sur la base des données reçues de la pluralité de capteurs de température de cargaison (50) ;
    dans lequel les capteurs de température (50) sont configurés pour déterminer la température de la cargaison (12) plutôt que la température de l'écoulement d'air dans le conteneur ; et
    dans lequel les capteurs de température de cargaison (50) sont conçus comme des capteurs sans contact, à savoir des caméras thermiques ou des capteurs de température à laser ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de commande (46) est configuré pour :
    calculer une température de cargaison moyenne à partir des températures de cargaison mesurées, pour comparer la température de cargaison moyenne par rapport à un seuil de température de cargaison moyenne,
    évaluer les températures de cargaison mesurées pour des variations de température de cargaison localisées ;
    corriger les variations de température de cargaison localisées en changeant le fonctionnement de l'unité de réfrigération (14) ;
    surveiller les données de température de cargaison reçues de la pluralité de capteurs de température de cargaison (50) pour des températures de cargaison individuelles qui varient d'une température de cargaison moyenne en dehors d'un seuil de température de cargaison local ; et par exemple, pour commuter le ventilateur d'évaporateur (24) en mode de fonctionnement à haute vitesse afin d'entraîner une circulation plus forte d'écoulement d'air (28) dans tout le conteneur (10), éliminant ainsi un point chaud ou un point froid ;
    dans lequel le changement de fonctionnement de l'unité de réfrigération (14) comprend un ou plusieurs changements de fonctionnement d'un compresseur (16), d'un évaporateur (22), de ventilateurs d'évaporateur (24), d'un ventilateur de condenseur ou d'une entrée d'air frais (34) de l'unité de réfrigération (14).
  4. Système selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la pluralité de capteurs de température (50) est configurée pour mesurer la température de cargaison de manière sensiblement continue.
  5. Conteneur de cargaison de transport réfrigéré (10) comprenant :
    un conteneur de cargaison de transport (10) ; et
    un système de réfrigération de conteneur de cargaison de transport selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 et 4.
EP13712629.8A 2012-05-14 2013-03-12 Surveillance et régulation de la température d'une cargaison pour un conteneur réfrigéré Active EP2850372B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261646526P 2012-05-14 2012-05-14
PCT/US2013/030420 WO2013172936A1 (fr) 2012-05-14 2013-03-12 Surveillance et régulation de la température d'une cargaison pour un conteneur réfrigéré

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EP2850372A1 EP2850372A1 (fr) 2015-03-25
EP2850372B1 true EP2850372B1 (fr) 2019-05-01

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US (1) US20150135737A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2850372B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104583694B (fr)
DK (1) DK2850372T3 (fr)
SG (1) SG11201407532RA (fr)
WO (1) WO2013172936A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
SG11201407532RA (en) 2014-12-30
CN104583694B (zh) 2017-03-01
DK2850372T3 (da) 2019-07-22
CN104583694A (zh) 2015-04-29
WO2013172936A1 (fr) 2013-11-21
US20150135737A1 (en) 2015-05-21
EP2850372A1 (fr) 2015-03-25

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