EP2846880B1 - Belt-form fall shock absorber - Google Patents
Belt-form fall shock absorber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2846880B1 EP2846880B1 EP14734101.0A EP14734101A EP2846880B1 EP 2846880 B1 EP2846880 B1 EP 2846880B1 EP 14734101 A EP14734101 A EP 14734101A EP 2846880 B1 EP2846880 B1 EP 2846880B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- belts
- bands
- belt
- impact absorber
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
- A62B35/04—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion incorporating energy absorbing means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
- A62B35/0006—Harnesses; Accessories therefor
- A62B35/0025—Details and accessories
- A62B35/0037—Attachments for lifelines and lanyards
Definitions
- the invention relates to a shock absorber for braking a falling mass, comprising at least four bands, wherein at least two bands adjacent to each other in a first layer and at least two bands adjacent to each other in a second layer are arranged, and the beginnings of the bands of the first layer with the ends the bands of the second layer and the beginnings of the bands of the second layer are connected to each other with the ends of the bands of the first layer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a double fall arrester for braking a falling mass, with at least two bands, wherein the beginning of a first band to the end of a second band and the beginning of the second band are connected to the end of the first band.
- a falling mass is usually a falling person, typically a climber, mountaineer or facade climber.
- various basic types such as the widespread dynamic brakes, which reduce the falling speed of the falling person by elastically stretching a dynamic rope or spring element. The reduction of the fall speed is carried out by forced perforated plates or buckles friction undeletable or only slightly stretchy ropes or bands.
- Aufr alonebremsen are known in which the energy of a fall is reduced by tearing a compound in the brake system.
- a shock absorber which includes a pair of spaced load bearing means and a plurality of elongate tear members.
- shock absorbers construction A disadvantage of such also called shock absorbers construction, however, is that they only engage in one phase and optimally trigger only from a certain body weight of the falling person. Investigations have shown that especially with lighter falling persons an unequally higher load and thus all the more serious injury risks occur.
- the known from the prior art shock absorbers especially for children between 15 kg and 30 kg body weight only insufficient braking, so that depending on the camber position and Anseilmethode caused by the fall in a fall accelerations at the cervical and thoracic spine injuries, such as whiplash , Vertebral and neck fractures, may occur.
- internal Accellerations- and Decellerations disadvantageously occur such as contusions of the internal organs, which can even be fatal.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a shock absorber which, in particular in the case of a falling child, substantially reduces the impact force of the falling person in comparison with the systems known from the prior art.
- a shock absorber for braking a falling mass arranged with at least four bands to each other in a first position and at least two bands adjacent to each other in a second layer, the beginnings of the bands of the first layer with the ends of the bands second layer and the beginnings of the bands of the second layer are connected to each other with the ends of the bands of the first layer, and alternately on the one hand the bands of the first layer and / or second layer and on the other hand, the first and second layers are connected to each other tear-open.
- the essential point of the invention is thus, with the example of exactly four bands, that alternately on the one hand two bands of a layer are connected to each other rupturable and on the other hand, the two layers each formed by two bands are connected as tearable together.
- the connection between the bands is effected by a so-called brake seam, which according to the inventive design continuously first connects the bands of the first layer together, then connects the two layers together, then the bands of the second layer connects together, then finally back to the two layers to connect with each other.
- the deceleration of a falling mass so preferably the falling person, then takes place by separating the aforementioned brake seam.
- a controlled tearing of the two layers is achieved by the multi-layer construction according to the invention, so that the force reduction is controlled controlled when braking the falling mass.
- a step-shaped progressive force reduction is achieved by the alternating respective connection of the bands of one layer to each other and the two layers, wherein the force reduction can be controlled in detail by the nature of the respective connection of the bands of a layer with each other and the two layers.
- the resulting gradual damping the Fangstoff mechanism are significantly reduced in a fall over the known from the prior art Bandfalldämpfern, so that even people with only 30 kg body weight, such as children, can be optimally protected.
- the bands of the first and / or second layer and / or the first and second layers are alternately sewn, glued and / or interwoven with each other.
- the weaving of the bands can take place in the same step in the production of the bands themselves, which leads to low production costs.
- the seam also referred to as brake stitch in the context of this application, continuously first the two bands of the first layer, in the case of four bands, then the two layers together, then the two bands of the second layer and finally the connects two layers together again.
- the suturing is carried out continuously along the extension of the adjoining and contacting each other bands.
- the bands of the first and / or second layers and, on the other hand, the first and second layers are connected to each other by a continuous "VW" bond.
- the bands can in principle be configured as desired, so preferably as known from the climbing area straps. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, it is provided that the tapes have polyester and / or polyamide and / or the tapes have a width of ⁇ 30 mm and ⁇ 45 mm. Polyester tapes preferably 43 mm are characterized by a lower polyamide moisture absorption, which leads to the maintenance of the dynamic performance, in particular during braking. On the other hand, the design according to the invention with at least four bands also allows the use of polyamide tapes with a width of 30 mm, since sufficient safety margins are available through the four individual tapes, so that in case of wetness no total failure of the fall arrester is to be feared. Incidentally, the embodiment of the invention with at least four bands, which are provided in two individual layers and thus arranged a total of four layers, compared to known from the prior art embodiments with only two layers to higher static final strengths.
- the ends of the bands of the first layer are twisted by half a turn from their beginnings and the ends of the bands of the second layer are twisted by half a turn from their beginnings, and the direction of rotation is in each case chosen such that at full rupture of the bands can set an untwisted, parallel arrangement of the bands.
- the beginnings of the bands of the first layer with the ends of the bands of the second layer and the beginnings of the bands of the second layer with the ends of the bands of the first layer are each permanently connected to each other, for example, are sewn together with each other.
- the beginnings of the tapes of the first layer are connected to the ends of the tapes of the second layer and the beginnings of tapes of the second layer to the ends of the tapes of the first layer such that two loops for connection to a security fix point and / or with the crowd.
- the one loop has a carabiner for connection to the securing fixed point and the other loop has an eyelet and / or a loop for connection to the mass. At the eyelet as a carabiner for connection to the mass, preferably the person to be secured, may also be provided.
- the bands are each frictionally connected to one another along a braking zone which extends between two tear-open fronts arranged adjacent to the connections of the bands.
- a braking zone which extends between two tear-open fronts arranged adjacent to the connections of the bands.
- the braking zone has a loop in which the bands are not connected to each other.
- the loop is achieved that the mechanical stress of the bands at the meeting of the respective originally the braking zone limiting tear fronts outgoing and moving due to the tearing in the direction of the loop tear fronts the layers do not exceed the maximum load limit of the tapes and thus eliminate the risk of tearing the tapes due to shear forces.
- the bands of the first layer are repeatedly connected to one another in the direction of extent of the strips, then the first layer and the second layer are connected to one another, then the strips of the second layer are connected to one another and finally the first layer and the second layer to each other connected.
- the aforementioned scheme which in concrete terms also corresponds to the "VW" bond, continues repeatedly along the extension direction of the bands, for example after 2 cm, 5 cm or 10 cm, respectively.
- the invention does not include a double fall arrester for braking a falling mass, comprising at least two bands, wherein the beginning of a first band is connected to the end of a second band and the beginning of the second band to the end of the first band and the bands along a braking zone, which extends between the respective connection, are connected by a "VW" bond torn together.
- a double fall arrester for braking a falling mass comprising at least two bands, wherein the beginning of a first band is connected to the end of a second band and the beginning of the second band to the end of the first band and the bands along a braking zone, which extends between the respective connection, are connected by a "VW" bond torn together.
- Fig. 1 shows a Bandfalldämpfer for braking a falling mass according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a perspective plan view.
- the shock absorber comprises four bands 1, 2, 3, 4, which in Fig. 2 are shown in a sectional view.
- the four bands 1, 2, 3, 4 are made of polyester and have a width of 43 mm.
- the bands 1, 2, 3, 4 may also be made of polyamide with a width of 30 mm.
- Polyester has lower moisture absorption compared to polyamide and offers better dynamic performance in a fall.
- Polyester also offers such a 4-layer design with 4 polyamide bands 1, 2, 3, 4 over known from the prior art embodiments with only two bands 13, 14, as in Fig. 3 shown, even in damp enough safety reserves, so that no total failure in the event of a fall is to be feared.
- Each two bands 1, 2, 3, 4 are adjacent to their band surfaces and arranged adjacent to each other to a first layer 5 and a second layer 6.
- the beginnings of the bands 1, 2 of the first layer 5 with the ends of the bands 3, 4 of the second layer 6 and the beginnings of the bands 3, 4 of the second layer 6 with the ends of the bands 1, 2 of the first layer fifth connected to each other at the designated A and B points, namely sewn.
- the compounds designated A and B are designed such that two loops 7, 8 result, wherein the loop 7 is inseparably connected via the connection point A with two carabiners 9 and the loop 8 connected via the connection point B with an eyelet 10 inextricably is. While the carabiner 9 with a securing fixed point, such as a via ferrata, are connectable, via the eyelet 10 to be secured mass, so in particular a person like a child, connectable.
- the bands 1, 2, 3, 4 lie touching each other between the tear fronts designated by C and D along their strip surfaces, at least as long as no tearing has taken place in the event of a fall. According to the invention it is now provided that, as in detail Fig. 2 it can be seen, the four bands 1, 2, 3, 4 are sewn together by means of a continuous so-called "VW" -Bindung 12 between a fringed by the tear fronts C and D braking zone 11 with each other tear-open.
- the "VW” binding 12 respectively connects the two bands 1, 2 of the first layer 5 several times by means of "W” bond 16 with each other, as in detail Fig. 2 it can be seen before the continuous thread at a marked with the "lightning cross” point from the first layer 5 to the second layer 6 by means of "V” bond 17 and so connects the two layers 5, 6 together.
- the thread connects the two bands 3, 4 of the second layer 6 several times by means of "W" bond 16 with each other before the continuous thread then at a further marked with the lightning bolt "points from the second layer 6 to the first layer. 5 this type of connection, which can also be achieved by corresponding weaving of the bands 1, 2, 3, 4 and / or additionally by gluing the bands 1, 2, 3, 4 can be supported, Repeats along the braking zone 11.
- Fig. 2 By way of example only one continuous thread is shown as "VW" binding 12, a plurality of parallel “VW” bindings 12 are preferably provided. It is just as possible to realize the "VW" binding 12 instead of a seam by gluing and / or weaving as well as by a combination of the aforementioned or comparable embodiments.
- the inventive design has significant advantages on. Because the multi-layer construction consisting of at least four bands 1, 2, 3, 4, which are arranged in two layers 5, 6 and through the in Fig.
- VW binding 12 are sewn together, a controlled tearing of the "VW” binding 12 is achieved, so that even with low masses to be secured, such as the typical weight of children between 15 kg and 30 kg, a gradual damping of a Fall is made possible, so that in effect the impact forces acting on the falling person against known from the prior art and in Fig. 3 shown embodiments are enormously reduced.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the force-time diagram of a Bandfalldämpfers according to the invention and Fig. 5 the force-time diagram of a shock absorber of the prior art.
- the test result force in kN is plotted over time in seconds at a fall height of 400cm and a weight of 100kg.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Bandfalldämpfer zum Abbremsen einer fallenden Masse, mit wenigstens vier Bändern, wobei wenigstens zwei Bänder benachbart zueinander in einer ersten Lage und wenigstens zwei Bänder benachbart zueinander in einer zweiten Lage angeordnet sind, und die Anfänge der Bänder der ersten Lage mit den Enden der Bänder der zweiten Lage und die Anfänge der Bänder der zweiten Lage mit den Enden der Bänder der ersten Lage miteinander verbunden sind. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung einen Doppelbandfalldämpfer zum Abbremsen einer fallenden Masse, mit wenigstens zwei Bändern, wobei der Anfang eines ersten Bandes mit dem Ende eines zweiten Bandes und der Anfang des zweiten Bandes mit dem Ende des ersten Bandes verbunden sind.The invention relates to a shock absorber for braking a falling mass, comprising at least four bands, wherein at least two bands adjacent to each other in a first layer and at least two bands adjacent to each other in a second layer are arranged, and the beginnings of the bands of the first layer with the ends the bands of the second layer and the beginnings of the bands of the second layer are connected to each other with the ends of the bands of the first layer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a double fall arrester for braking a falling mass, with at least two bands, wherein the beginning of a first band to the end of a second band and the beginning of the second band are connected to the end of the first band.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Bremssysteme bekannt, um eine fallende Masse abzubremsen. Bei einer fallenden Masse handelt es sich in der Regel um eine stürzende Person, typischerweise einen Kletterer, Bergsteiger oder Fassadenkletterer. Bei den Bremssystemen unterscheidet man verschiedene Grundtypen, so beispielsweise die weit verbreiteten dynamischen Bremsen, welche die Fallgeschwindigkeit der stürzenden Person durch elastische Dehnung eines dynamischen Seils oder Federelements vermindern. Die Verminderung der Fallgeschwindigkeit erfolgt dabei durch an Lochplatten oder Schnallen erzwungener Reibung undehnbarer oder nur geringfügig dehnbarer Seile oder Bänder. Ferner sind sogenannte Aufreißbremsen bekannt, bei denen die Energie eines Sturzes durch Aufreißen einer Verbindung im Bremssystem reduziert wird.From the prior art, various braking systems are known to decelerate a falling mass. A falling mass is usually a falling person, typically a climber, mountaineer or facade climber. In the braking systems, a distinction is made between various basic types, such as the widespread dynamic brakes, which reduce the falling speed of the falling person by elastically stretching a dynamic rope or spring element. The reduction of the fall speed is carried out by forced perforated plates or buckles friction undeletable or only slightly stretchy ropes or bands. Furthermore, so-called Aufreißbremsen are known in which the energy of a fall is reduced by tearing a compound in the brake system.
Aus der
Aus der
Nachteilig bei derartigen auch Bandfalldämpfern genannten Konstruktionen ist jedoch, dass diese nur in einer Phase greifen und erst ab einem gewissen Körpergewicht der stürzenden Person optimal auslösen. Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass gerade bei leichteren stürzenden Personen eine ungleich höhere Belastung und damit umso gravierendere Verletzungsgefahren auftreten.A disadvantage of such also called shock absorbers construction, however, is that they only engage in one phase and optimally trigger only from a certain body weight of the falling person. Investigations have shown that especially with lighter falling persons an unequally higher load and thus all the more serious injury risks occur.
Konkret bieten die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Bandfalldämpfer insbesondere für Kinder zwischen 15 kg und 30 kg Körpergewicht nur eine unzureichende Bremswirkung, so dass je nach Sturzposition und Anseilmethode durch die im Falle eines Sturzes hervorgerufenen Beschleunigungen an der Hals- und Brustwirbelsäule Verletzungen, wie Schleudertraumata, Wirbel- und Genickfrakturen, auftreten können. Im schlimmsten Fall können bei Stürzen von Kindern, die durch die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Bandfalldämpfern gesichert sind, innere Accellerations- und Decellerationsverletzungen wie Kontusionen der inneren Organe auftreten, die sogar tödlich enden können.Specifically, the known from the prior art shock absorbers, especially for children between 15 kg and 30 kg body weight only insufficient braking, so that depending on the camber position and Anseilmethode caused by the fall in a fall accelerations at the cervical and thoracic spine injuries, such as whiplash , Vertebral and neck fractures, may occur. In the worst case, falls of children, which are secured by the known from the prior art shock absorbers, internal Accellerations- and Decellerationsverletzungen occur such as contusions of the internal organs, which can even be fatal.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher, einen Bandfalldämpfer anzugeben, der, insbesondere bei einem stürzenden Kind, die Fangstoßkraft der stürzenden Person im Vergleich zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Systemen wesentlich reduziert.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a shock absorber which, in particular in the case of a falling child, substantially reduces the impact force of the falling person in comparison with the systems known from the prior art.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Demnach wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch einen Bandfalldämpfer zum Abbremsen einer fallenden Masse, mit wenigstens vier Bändern, zueinander in einer ersten Lage und wenigstens zwei Bänder benachbart zueinander in einer zweiten Lage angeordnet sind, die Anfänge der Bänder der ersten Lage mit den Enden der Bänder der zweiten Lage und die Anfänge der Bänder der zweiten Lage mit den Enden der Bänder der ersten Lage miteinander verbunden sind, und abwechselnd jeweils einerseits die Bänder der ersten Lage und/oder zweiten Lage und andererseits die erste und zweite Lage aufreißbar miteinander verbunden sind.Accordingly, the object is achieved by a shock absorber for braking a falling mass, arranged with at least four bands to each other in a first position and at least two bands adjacent to each other in a second layer, the beginnings of the bands of the first layer with the ends of the bands second layer and the beginnings of the bands of the second layer are connected to each other with the ends of the bands of the first layer, and alternately on the one hand the bands of the first layer and / or second layer and on the other hand, the first and second layers are connected to each other tear-open.
Wesentlicher Punkt der Erfindung ist somit, am Beispiel von genau vier Bändern, dass abwechselnd einerseits zwei Bänder einer Lage aufreißbar miteinander verbunden sind und andererseits die beiden jeweils durch zwei Bänder gebildeten Lagen ebenso aufreißbar miteinander verbunden sind. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Verbindung zwischen den Bändern durch eine sogenannte Bremsnaht, welche gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung fortlaufend zunächst die Bänder der ersten Lage miteinander verbindet, dann die beiden Lagen miteinander verbindet, daraufhin die Bänder der zweiten Lage miteinander verbindet, um dann schließlich wieder die beiden Lagen miteinander zu verbinden. Das Abbremsen einer fallenden Masse, so vorzugsweise der stürzenden Person, erfolgt dann durch Auftrennen der vorgenannten Bremsnaht.The essential point of the invention is thus, with the example of exactly four bands, that alternately on the one hand two bands of a layer are connected to each other rupturable and on the other hand, the two layers each formed by two bands are connected as tearable together. Preferably, the connection between the bands is effected by a so-called brake seam, which according to the inventive design continuously first connects the bands of the first layer together, then connects the two layers together, then the bands of the second layer connects together, then finally back to the two layers to connect with each other. The deceleration of a falling mass, so preferably the falling person, then takes place by separating the aforementioned brake seam.
Im Ergebnis wird durch die erfindungsgemäße mehrlagige Konstruktion ein kontrolliertes Aufreißen der beiden Lagen erreicht, so dass der Kraftabbau beim Abbremsen der fallenden Masse kontrolliert gesteuert wird. Konkret wird durch die abwechselnde jeweilige Verbindung der Bänder einer Lage untereinander und der beiden Lagen miteinander ein stufenförmiger progressiver Kraftabbau erreicht, wobei sich der Kraftabbau durch die Art der jeweiligen Verbindung der Bänder einer Lage untereinander sowie der beiden Lagen miteinander im Detail steuern lässt. Durch die dadurch resultierende stufenweise Dämpfung werden die Fangstoffkräfte bei einem Sturz gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Bandfalldämpfern wesentlich reduziert, so dass bereits Personen mit nur 30 kg Körpergewicht, wie Kinder, optimal geschützt werden können.As a result, a controlled tearing of the two layers is achieved by the multi-layer construction according to the invention, so that the force reduction is controlled controlled when braking the falling mass. Concretely, a step-shaped progressive force reduction is achieved by the alternating respective connection of the bands of one layer to each other and the two layers, wherein the force reduction can be controlled in detail by the nature of the respective connection of the bands of a layer with each other and the two layers. The resulting gradual damping the Fangstoffkräfte are significantly reduced in a fall over the known from the prior art Bandfalldämpfern, so that even people with only 30 kg body weight, such as children, can be optimally protected.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind abwechselnd die Bänder der ersten und/oder zweiten Lage und/oder die erste und zweite Lage jeweils miteinander vernäht, verklebt und/oder verwoben. Dabei kann das Verweben der Bänder im gleichen Arbeitsschritt bei der Herstellung der Bänder selbst erfolgen, was zu günstigen Herstellungskosten führt. Im Falle eines Vernähens ist bevorzugt, dass die Naht, im Rahmen dieser Anmeldung auch Bremsnaht genannt, durchgängig zunächst die beiden Bänder der ersten Lage, im Falle von vier Bändern, dann die beiden Lagen miteinander, sodann die beiden Bänder der zweiten Lage und schließlich die beiden Lagen wieder miteinander verbindet. Ganz besonders bevorzugt erfolgt das Vernähen fortlaufend entlang der Erstreckung der benachbart und berührend zueinander anliegenden Bänder.According to a preferred embodiment, the bands of the first and / or second layer and / or the first and second layers are alternately sewn, glued and / or interwoven with each other. In this case, the weaving of the bands can take place in the same step in the production of the bands themselves, which leads to low production costs. In the case of stitching it is preferred that the seam, also referred to as brake stitch in the context of this application, continuously first the two bands of the first layer, in the case of four bands, then the two layers together, then the two bands of the second layer and finally the connects two layers together again. Most preferably, the suturing is carried out continuously along the extension of the adjoining and contacting each other bands.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist besonders bevorzugt, dass einerseits die Bänder der ersten und/oder zweiten Lagen und andererseits die erste und zweite Lage durch eine durchgehende "VW"-Bindung miteinander verbunden sind. Eine derartige Ausgestaltung führt im Vergleich zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Bandfalldämpfern zu größeren Sicherheitsreserven aufgrund der mehrlagigen Verankerung der vier Bänder, die durch jeweils zwei Lagen gebildet sind. Wesentlicher Vorteil einer derartigen "VW"-Bindung ist, dass durch die jeweilige Ausgestaltung der V-Bindung sowie der W-Bindung Stufen entstehen, durch deren Höhe und Länge der Kraftabbau im Falle eines Sturzes kontrolliert steuerbar ist.In this context, it is particularly preferred that, on the one hand, the bands of the first and / or second layers and, on the other hand, the first and second layers are connected to each other by a continuous "VW" bond. Such a design results in comparison to the known from the prior art strip shock absorbers to greater safety reserves due to the multi-layer anchoring of the four bands, which are formed by two layers. The main advantage of such a "VW" binding is that the respective configuration of the V-bond and the W-bond create steps through the height and length of which the force reduction in the event of a fall can be controllably controlled.
Die Bänder können grundsätzlich beliebig ausgestaltet sein, so vorzugsweise als aus dem Kletterbereich bekannte Gurtbänder. Nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist jedoch vorgesehen, dass die Bänder Polyester und/oder Polyamid aufweisen und/oder die Bänder eine Breite von ≥ 30 mm und ≤ 45 mm aufweisen. Polyesterbänder mit vorzugsweise 43 mm zeichnen sich durch eine gegenüber Polyamid geringere Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme aus, was zur Beibehaltung der dynamischen Leistung, so insbesondere beim Abbremsen, führt. Andererseits erlaubt die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung mit wenigstens vier Bändern auch die Verwendung von Polyamidbändern mit 30 mm Breite, da durch die vier einzelnen Bänder ausreichend Sicherheitsreserven vorhanden sind, so dass bei Nässe kein Totalversagen des Bandfalldämpfers zu befürchten ist. Im Übrigen führt die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung mit mindestens vier Bändern, die jeweils in zwei Einzellagen vorgesehen und damit insgesamt vierlagig angeordnet sind, im Vergleich zu aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ausgestaltungen mit nur zwei Lagen zu höheren statischen Endfestigkeiten.The bands can in principle be configured as desired, so preferably as known from the climbing area straps. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, it is provided that the tapes have polyester and / or polyamide and / or the tapes have a width of ≥ 30 mm and ≦ 45 mm. Polyester tapes preferably 43 mm are characterized by a lower polyamide moisture absorption, which leads to the maintenance of the dynamic performance, in particular during braking. On the other hand, the design according to the invention with at least four bands also allows the use of polyamide tapes with a width of 30 mm, since sufficient safety margins are available through the four individual tapes, so that in case of wetness no total failure of the fall arrester is to be feared. Incidentally, the embodiment of the invention with at least four bands, which are provided in two individual layers and thus arranged a total of four layers, compared to known from the prior art embodiments with only two layers to higher static final strengths.
Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist bevorzugt, dass sich die Enden der Bänder der ersten Lage gegenüber ihren Anfängen um eine halbe Drehung und die Enden der Bänder der zweiten Lage gegenüber ihren Anfängen um eine halbe Drehung verdrillt sind, und die Drehrichtung jeweils so gewählt ist, dass sich bei vollständigem Aufreißen der Bänder eine unverdrillte, parallele Anordnung der Bänder einstellen kann. Durch eine derartige Ausgestaltung wird ein problemloses Aufreißen der Bänder bei einem Sturz unterstützt.According to a further embodiment it is preferred that the ends of the bands of the first layer are twisted by half a turn from their beginnings and the ends of the bands of the second layer are twisted by half a turn from their beginnings, and the direction of rotation is in each case chosen such that at full rupture of the bands can set an untwisted, parallel arrangement of the bands. By such a configuration a trouble tearing the bands is supported in a fall.
Weiterhin ist bevorzugt, dass die Anfänge der Bänder der ersten Lage mit den Enden der Bänder der zweiten Lage und die Anfänge der Bänder der zweiten Lage mit den Enden der Bänder der ersten Lage jeweils unlösbar miteinander verbunden sind, so beispielsweise fix miteinander vernäht sind. Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind die Anfänge der Bänder der ersten Lage mit den Enden der Bänder der zweiten Lage und die Anfänge der Bänder der zweiten Lage mit den Enden der Bänder der ersten Lage derart miteinander verbunden, dass sich zwei Schleifen zur Verbindung mit einem Sicherungsfixpunkt und/oder mit der Masse ergeben. In diesem Zusammenhang ist ferner bevorzugt, dass die eine Schleife einen Karabiner zur Verbindung mit dem Sicherungs-Fixpunkt und die andere Schleife eine Öse und/oder eine Schlinge zur Verbindung mit der Masse aufweist. An der Öse kann ebenso ein Karabiner zur Verbindung mit der Masse, vorzugsweise der zu sichernden Person, vorgesehen sein.Furthermore, it is preferred that the beginnings of the bands of the first layer with the ends of the bands of the second layer and the beginnings of the bands of the second layer with the ends of the bands of the first layer are each permanently connected to each other, for example, are sewn together with each other. Most preferably, the beginnings of the tapes of the first layer are connected to the ends of the tapes of the second layer and the beginnings of tapes of the second layer to the ends of the tapes of the first layer such that two loops for connection to a security fix point and / or with the crowd. In this context, it is further preferred that the one loop has a carabiner for connection to the securing fixed point and the other loop has an eyelet and / or a loop for connection to the mass. At the eyelet as a carabiner for connection to the mass, preferably the person to be secured, may also be provided.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist bevorzugt, dass die Bänder jeweils entlang einer Bremszone, die sich zwischen zwei benachbart zu den Verbindungen der Bänder angeordneten Aufreißfronten erstreckt, miteinander aufreißbar verbunden sind. Durch die Länge der Bremszone sowie der Anzahl der "Verbindungsstellen" der beiden Bänder einer Lage miteinander sowie der beiden Lagen miteinander lassen sich vorgenannte Stufen definieren, mittels derer, im Vergleich zu aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Ausgestaltungen, das erfindungsgemäße kontrollierte Aufreißen der Bänder bei einem Sturz in den Bandfalldämpfer, jeweils beginnend an den Aufreißfronten, im Detail steuerbar und damit kontrollierbar ist.In a further embodiment, it is preferred that the bands are each frictionally connected to one another along a braking zone which extends between two tear-open fronts arranged adjacent to the connections of the bands. By the length of the braking zone and the number of "joints" of the two bands of a layer together and the two layers with each other, the aforementioned levels can be defined by means of which, compared to known from the prior art embodiments, the inventive controlled tearing of the bands at a fall in the shock absorber, each beginning on the tear fronts, in detail controllable and thus controllable.
Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist bevorzugt, dass die Bremszone eine Schlaufe aufweist, in der die Bänder nicht miteinander verbunden sind. Durch die Schlaufe wird erreicht, dass die mechanische Beanspruchung der Bänder beim Zusammentreffen der von den jeweiligen ursprünglich die Bremszone begrenzenden Aufreißfronten ausgehenden und sich aufgrund des Aufreißens in Richtung der Schlaufe bewegenden Aufreißfronten der Lagen bzw. Bänder nicht die Belastungsgrenze der Bänder insgesamt übersteigt und damit die Gefahr eines Zerreißens der Bänder aufgrund von Scherkräften eliminiert wird.According to a further embodiment, it is preferred that the braking zone has a loop in which the bands are not connected to each other. By the loop is achieved that the mechanical stress of the bands at the meeting of the respective originally the braking zone limiting tear fronts outgoing and moving due to the tearing in the direction of the loop tear fronts the layers do not exceed the maximum load limit of the tapes and thus eliminate the risk of tearing the tapes due to shear forces.
Nach einer ganz besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind in Erstreckungsrichtung der Bänder wiederholend zunächst die Bänder der ersten Lage miteinander verbunden, dann die erste Lage und die zweite Lage miteinander verbunden, dann die Bänder der zweiten Lage miteinander verbunden und schließlich die erste Lage und die zweite Lage miteinander verbunden. Vorgenanntes Schema, welches konkret auch der "VW"-Bindung entspricht, setzt sich wiederholend entlang der Erstreckungsrichtung der Bänder fort, so beispielsweise jeweils nach 2 cm, 5 cm oder 10 cm.According to a very particularly preferred embodiment, the bands of the first layer are repeatedly connected to one another in the direction of extent of the strips, then the first layer and the second layer are connected to one another, then the strips of the second layer are connected to one another and finally the first layer and the second layer to each other connected. The aforementioned scheme, which in concrete terms also corresponds to the "VW" bond, continues repeatedly along the extension direction of the bands, for example after 2 cm, 5 cm or 10 cm, respectively.
Weiter bevorzugt existieren insbesondere im Falle einer "VW"-Bindung mehrere "VW"-Bindungen parallel zueinander in Erstreckungsrichtung der Bänder, wobei jeweils die verschiedenen "VW"-Bindungen derart parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, dass jeweils an einer Stelle die verschiedenen parallelen "VW"-Bindungen die beiden Bänder der ersten Lage miteinander verbinden, an einer zweiten Stelle die verschiedenen parallelen "VW"-Bindungen die erste Lage und die zweite Lage miteinander verbinden, an einer dritten Stelle die verschiedenen parallelen "VW"-Bindungen die Bänder der zweiten Lage miteinander verbinden und an einer vierten Stelle die verschiedenen parallelen "VW"-Bindungen die beiden Lagen miteinander verbinden. Ebenso können die verschiedenen "VW"-Bindungen entgegen der vorgenannten Ausführung versetzt zueinander angeordnet sein.More preferably, in the case of a "VW" bond in particular, several "VW" bonds exist parallel to one another in the direction of extension of the bands, the respective "VW" bonds being arranged parallel to one another in such a way that the different parallel "VW "Bindings connect the two bands of the first layer together, at a second point the different parallel" VW "bonds connect the first layer and the second layer together, at a third point the different parallel" VW "bonds connect the strips of the second one Connect the layer together and at a fourth point connect the different parallel "VW" bonds between the two layers. Likewise, the various "VW" bindings can be arranged offset from one another contrary to the aforementioned embodiment.
Nicht zur Erfindung gehört ein Doppelbandfalldämpfer zum Abbremsen einer fallenden Masse, mit wenigstens zwei Bändern, wobei der Anfang eines ersten Bandes mit dem Ende eines zweiten Bandes und der Anfang des zweiten Bandes mit dem Ende des ersten Bandes verbunden ist und die Bänder entlang einer Bremszone, die sich zwischen der jeweiligen Verbindung erstreckt, durch eine "VW"-Bindung aufreißbar miteinander verbunden sind. Dadurch wird ein kontrolliertes Aufreißen der beiden Bänder ermöglicht, was zu einem progressiven Kraftabbau und damit sicheren und dedizierten Abfangen der fallenden Masse führt.The invention does not include a double fall arrester for braking a falling mass, comprising at least two bands, wherein the beginning of a first band is connected to the end of a second band and the beginning of the second band to the end of the first band and the bands along a braking zone, which extends between the respective connection, are connected by a "VW" bond torn together. This allows a controlled tearing of the two bands, resulting in a progressive force reduction and thus safe and dedicated interception of the falling mass.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen des Doppelbandfalldämpfers ergeben sich für den Fachmann in Analogie zum vorab beschriebenen Bandfalldämpfer.Further embodiments of the Doppelbandfalldämpfers arise for the skilled person in analogy to the previously described band fall damper.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf anliegende Zeichnung anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings with reference to a preferred embodiment.
Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- einen Bandfalldämpfer gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung in einer perspektivischen Draufsicht,
- Fig. 2
- vier Bänder des Bandfalldämpfers gemäß dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in einer Schnittansicht,
- Fig. 3
- zwei Bänder eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Bandfalldämpfers in einer Schnittansicht,
- Fig. 4
- ein Kraft-Zeit-Diagramm beim Aufreißen des in
Fig. 2 dargestellten Bandfalldämpfers gemäß dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, - Fig. 5
- ein Kraft-Zeit-Diagramm beim Aufreißen des in
Fig. 3 dargestellten aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Bandfalldämpfers, und - Fig. 6
- zwei Bänder eines nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Bandfalldämpfers in einer Schnittansicht.
- Fig. 1
- a strip fall damper according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a perspective plan view,
- Fig. 2
- four bands of the band fall arrester according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in a sectional view,
- Fig. 3
- two bands of a known from the prior art Bandfalldämpfers in a sectional view,
- Fig. 4
- a force-time diagram when tearing the in
Fig. 2 illustrated Bandfalldämpfers according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, - Fig. 5
- a force-time diagram when tearing the in
Fig. 3 represented from the prior art Bandfalldämpfers, and - Fig. 6
- two bands of a not belonging to the invention Bandfalldämpfers in a sectional view.
Polyester zeichnet sich gegenüber Polyamid durch eine geringere Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme aus und bietet im Vergleich eine bessere dynamische Leistung bei einem Sturz. Andererseits bietet aber auch eine derartige 4-lagige Ausgestaltung mit 4 Polyamid-Bändern 1, 2, 3, 4 gegenüber aus dem Stand bekannten Ausgestaltungen mit nur zwei Bändern 13, 14, wie in
Jeweils zwei Bänder 1, 2, 3, 4 sind mit ihren Bandflächen benachbart und anliegend zueinander zu einer ersten Lage 5 sowie einer zweiten Lage 6 angeordnet. Wie im Detail aus
Dabei sind die mit A und B bezeichneten Verbindungen derart ausgestaltet, dass sich zwei Schleifen 7, 8 ergeben, wobei die Schleife 7 über den Verbindungspunkt A mit zwei Karabinern 9 untrennbar verbunden ist und die Schleife 8 über den Verbindungspunkt B mit einer Öse 10 unlösbar verbunden ist. Während die Karabiner 9 mit einem Sicherungs-Fixpunkt, beispielsweise eines Klettersteig, verbindbar sind, ist über die Öse 10 eine zu sichernde Masse, so insbesondere eine Person wie ein Kind, verbindbar.The compounds designated A and B are designed such that two
Wie bereits ausgeführt, liegen die Bänder 1, 2, 3, 4 zwischen den mit C und D bezeichneten Aufreißfronten entlang ihrer Bandflächen berührend aneinander an, jedenfalls solange kein Aufreißen im Falle eines Sturzes stattgefunden hat. Erfindungsgemäß ist nunmehr vorgesehen, dass, wie im Detail aus
Das bedeutet, dass bei einem Sturz in den Bandfalldämpfer sowohl von der mit C bezeichneten Aufreißfront als auch von der mit D bezeichneten Aufreißfront die "VW"-Bindung 12 aufreißen kann, so dass die Energie des Sturzes durch das sich fortsetzende Aufreißen der "VW"-Bindung 12 stufenweise reduziert wird. Dazu verbindet die "VW"-Bindung 12 jeweils die beiden Bänder 1, 2 der ersten Lage 5 mehrfach mittels "W"-Bindung 16 miteinander, wie im Detail aus
In der Folge verbindet der Faden die beiden Bänder 3, 4 der zweiten Lage 6 mehrfach mittels "W"-Bindung 16 untereinander, bevor der durchgehende Faden dann an einer weiteren mit dem Blitzkreuz" markierten Stellen von der zweiten Lage 6 zu der ersten Lage 5 mittels "V"-Bindung 17 übergeht. Diese Art der Verbindung, die auch durch entsprechendes Verweben der Bänder 1, 2, 3, 4 erreicht werden kann und/oder zusätzlich durch Verkleben der Bänder 1, 2, 3, 4 unterstützt werden kann, wiederholt sich entlang der Bremszone 11. Auch wenn in
Gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Bandfalldämpfern, gezeigt in
Veranschaulicht ist dies in den Kraft-Zeit-Diagrammen in den
Aus
Ebenso ist es möglich, gemäß einer weiteren in
Im Ergebnis führt die mehrlagige Verankerung der vier Bänder 1, 2, 3, 4 gemäß der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindung mittels "VW"-Bindung 12 zu gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Systemen zu einer größeren Sicherheitsreserve und führt bei einem Sturz zu einem kontrollierten Aufreißen, so dass dadurch eine stufenweise Dämpfung und im Ergebnis ein sanfterer Fangstoß resultiert.
Claims (10)
- A belt-type fall impact absorber for braking a falling mass, comprising at least four belts (1, 2, 3, 4), wherein
at least two belts (1, 2) are arranged adjacently to one another in a first layer (5) and at least two belts (3, 4) are arranged adjacently to one another in a second layer (6),
the beginnings of the belts (1, 2) of the first layer (5) are connected (A, B) to the ends of the belts (3, 4) of the second layer (6) and the beginnings of the belts (3, 4) of the second layer (6) are connected to the ends of the belts (1, 2) of the first layer (5), and
on the one hand the belts (1, 2, 3, 4) of the first and/or second layer (5, 6) and on the other hand the first and second layer (5, 6) are interconnected, in each case alternately, such that they can tear open. - The belt-type fall impact absorber according to the preceding claim, wherein the belts (1, 2, 3, 4) of the first and/or second layer (5, 6) and/or the first and second layer (5, 6) are in each case sewn to one another, adhesively bonded to one another and/or interwoven alternately.
- The belt-type fall impact absorber according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the one hand the belts (1, 2, 3, 4) of the first and/or second layer (5, 6) and on the other hand the first and second layer (5, 6) are interconnected by a continuous "VW" connection (12).
- The belt-type fall impact absorber according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the belts (1, 2, 3, 4) comprise polyester and/or polyamide and/or the belts have a width of ≥ 30 mm and ≤ 45 mm.
- The belt-type fall impact absorber according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ends of the belts (1, 2) of the first layer are twisted from the beginnings thereof by a half revolution and the ends of the belts (3, 4) of the second layer (6) are twisted from the beginnings thereof by a half revolution, and the direction of rotation is selected in each case such that, when the belts (1, 2, 3, 4) tear open completely, an untwisted, parallel arrangement of the belts (1, 2, 3, 4) can be produced.
- The belt-type fall impact absorber according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the beginnings of the belts (1, 2) of the first layer (5) are connected to the ends of the belts (3, 4) of the second layer (6) and the beginnings of the belts (3, 4) of the second layer (6) are connected to the ends of the belts (1, 2) of the first layer (5) in such a way that two loops (7, 8) for connection to a fixed securing point and/or to the mass are produced.
- The belt-type fall impact absorber according to the preceding claim, wherein one loop (7) has a karabiner (9) for connection to the fixed securing point and the other loop (8) has an eyelet and/or a noose for connection to the mass.
- The belt-type fall impact absorber according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the belts (1, 2, 3, 4) are interconnected, such that they can tear open, in each case along a braking zone (11), which extends between two tear-open fronts (C, D) arranged adjacently to the connections (A. B) of the belts (1, 2, 3, 4).
- The belt-type fall impact absorber according to the preceding claim, wherein the braking zone (11) has a loop in which the belts (1, 2, 3, 4) are not interconnected.
- The belt-type fall impact absorber according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, in the direction of extension of the belts (1, 2, 3, 4), the belts (1, 2) of the first layer (5) are first interconnected repeatedly, then the first layer (5) and the second layer (6) are interconnected, then the belts (3, 4) of the second layer (6) are interconnected, and lastly the first layer (1, 2) and the second layer (5, 6) are interconnected.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE202013103092U DE202013103092U1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2013-07-11 | Shock absorber |
PCT/EP2014/063366 WO2015003902A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-06-25 | Belt-type fall damper |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2846880A1 EP2846880A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
EP2846880B1 true EP2846880B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
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EP14734101.0A Active EP2846880B1 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2014-06-25 | Belt-form fall shock absorber |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US20150231425A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2846880B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104837532B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2014289529B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112015012230B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2882219C (en) |
DE (1) | DE202013103092U1 (en) |
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WO2016094437A1 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-16 | Fire Innovations Llc | Firefighter multifunction ladder and escape belt |
CN106267617A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-01-04 | 上海普英特高层设备股份有限公司 | One tears wind spring |
DE202017103795U1 (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-07-27 | Skylotec Gmbh | Shock absorber |
DE102020202437B3 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-07-22 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Braking unit |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3978894A (en) * | 1973-02-05 | 1976-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Energy absorbing tear-webbing |
Family Cites Families (14)
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US2356456A (en) * | 1942-04-02 | 1944-08-22 | Lister And Company Ltd | Shock-absorbing or cushioning material made from fibrous substances |
US3937407A (en) * | 1974-05-24 | 1976-02-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Multiple strap shock absorber |
JPS5917362A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-01-28 | 藤井電工株式会社 | Shock absorbing belt and production thereof |
US5090503A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1992-02-25 | Michael Bell | Visually inspectable safety lanyard |
US7362008B2 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2008-04-22 | Radioshack, Corp. | Electrical interface extension with isolation function |
GB2432140A (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-16 | Latchways Plc | Fall arrest safety device |
CN2912698Y (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2007-06-20 | 金宝贵 | High-altitude anti-drop buffer belt |
CN2922943Y (en) * | 2006-07-03 | 2007-07-18 | 汕头市安和劳保用品有限公司 | Buffer of preventing drop |
US20080179136A1 (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2008-07-31 | Sturges Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Multiple tear-away member energy absorber for personal fall arrestor |
CH698203B1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-06-15 | Mammut Sports Group Ag | Double band absorber. |
US8356691B2 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2013-01-22 | Sturges Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Energy absorber for personal fall arrestor |
CN202427078U (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2012-09-12 | 张传刚 | Novel high-altitude anti-falling damping belt |
US20130105246A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | D B Industries, Inc. | Energy absorber |
US20130292219A1 (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | D B Industries, Inc. | Energy absorber |
-
2013
- 2013-07-11 DE DE202013103092U patent/DE202013103092U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2014
- 2014-06-25 EP EP14734101.0A patent/EP2846880B1/en active Active
- 2014-06-25 WO PCT/EP2014/063366 patent/WO2015003902A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-06-25 CA CA2882219A patent/CA2882219C/en active Active
- 2014-06-25 US US14/434,122 patent/US20150231425A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-25 AU AU2014289529A patent/AU2014289529B2/en active Active
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- 2014-06-25 CN CN201480002542.0A patent/CN104837532B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3978894A (en) * | 1973-02-05 | 1976-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Energy absorbing tear-webbing |
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AU2014289529A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
EP2846880A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
CN104837532B (en) | 2017-06-09 |
AU2014289529B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
CA2882219C (en) | 2017-02-28 |
US20150231425A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
CN104837532A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
WO2015003902A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
CA2882219A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
DE202013103092U1 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
BR112015012230A2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
BR112015012230B1 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
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