EP2844809B1 - Formwork and associated floor - Google Patents

Formwork and associated floor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2844809B1
EP2844809B1 EP13727641.6A EP13727641A EP2844809B1 EP 2844809 B1 EP2844809 B1 EP 2844809B1 EP 13727641 A EP13727641 A EP 13727641A EP 2844809 B1 EP2844809 B1 EP 2844809B1
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Prior art keywords
formwork
self
profile
supporting
extending
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EP13727641.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2844809A1 (en
Inventor
Vincent Birarda
Trung LUU
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ArcelorMittal SA
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ArcelorMittal SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E04B5/40—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element with metal form-slabs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a formwork for the construction of mixed steel-concrete floors obtained by casting a concrete slab on the formwork.
  • the floor obtained can be of 3 different types: with lost formwork, additive or collaborating.
  • loose form flooring it is meant that only concrete contributes to the mechanical strength of the floor.
  • additive floor it is meant that the mechanical strength of the floor is the addition of the respective strengths of the formwork and concrete.
  • collaborating floor means that the resistance of the floor is greater than the addition of the respective strengths of the formwork and concrete.
  • the metal formwork must support the sum of the weight of concrete and its own weight without ruin or excessive deflection, and this is done or not with provisional struts arranged at regular intervals between them. retaining walls of the floor.
  • the floor after the removal of any temporary struts and during the use phase of the floor, referred to as the mixed phase, the floor must not sag too much under normal conditions of use.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned problems by providing a formwork to minimize the amount of concrete necessary while maintaining a mechanical strength of the mixed floor sufficient to increase its range beyond 8 meters.
  • the various components of the formwork are preferably made of metal such as bare steel or galvanized with a zinc alloy.
  • the steel, galvanized or not will be covered with a layer of paint to better protect it from corrosion.
  • At least one of the constituent elements of the formwork, and in particular the spacer profile, may however be made of plastic or any other material sufficiently resistant to the use for which the element is intended.
  • the constituent sections of the formwork undergo bending forces such that the upper parts of the profiles are subjected to compression stresses and the lower parts of the profiles to tensile stresses, especially in the longitudinal direction. .
  • the relative importance of the tensile and compression zones depends on different geometrical parameters such as the height of the cores, the thickness of the concrete layer, the length and width of the sections. Those skilled in the art can determine from these parameters what is the relative distribution of the areas subjected to traction and areas subject to compression. As a general rule, the boundary between the tensile zone and the compression zone is around half the height of the lateral web of the profile.
  • the formwork 1 comprises a self-supporting profile 2.
  • self-supporting profile is meant a shaped sheet so that the simple rigidity of this form ensures its stability and allows its implementation on the structure of the building under construction. through its ends.
  • the shapes that can take this self-supporting profile are known per se.
  • the self-supporting profile comprises at least one horizontal upper central zone 3 extending in the longitudinal direction of the self-supporting profile, two lateral webs 4 and 4 'extending the upper central zone 3 on either side thereof and towards the bottom and at least two horizontal lower flanges 5 and 5 'extending the lateral webs.
  • the upper central zone 3 furthermore comprises two longitudinal ribs 6 and 6 'separated by a transverse notch 7. This conformation increases the rigidity of the upper central zone 3 and thus makes possible the circulation of the workers on this area.
  • the lateral webs 4 and 4 ' are inclined, extending towards the bottom and towards the outside of the upper central area. Alternatively, they can extend vertically or inward, depending on the desired rigidity of the self-supporting profile.
  • Each lateral core of this example also comprises a longitudinal stiffener 8, 8 'consisting of two folds forming a slight recess in the part of the lateral core subjected to compression forces during the mixed phase.
  • This longitudinal stiffener improves the mechanical behavior of the self-supporting profile and, on the other hand, promotes the establishment of a spacer profile as will be seen later.
  • the lateral webs 4 and 4 ' may have concrete anchoring zones such as bosses or notches located in the part of the lateral web subjected to tensile forces.
  • the lower flanges 5 and 5 ' have a raised edge 9, 9' which acts as a stiffener and facilitates the implementation of the formwork in particular by making the junctions between two adjacent self-supporting profiles more sealed to concrete liquid.
  • the self-supporting profile has a height of between 150 and 300 mm, the example of the figure 1 having been made with a freestanding profile of 220 mm high.
  • the formwork 1 comprises a spacer profile 10.
  • the latter comprises a horizontal upper plate 11 extending in the longitudinal direction of the spacer profile and two lateral wings 12, 12 'extending the upper plate 11 on either side from it and towards the bottom.
  • the upper plate 11 further comprises a transverse strike 13. This conformation increases the rigidity of the upper plate 11 and thus makes possible the movement of workers on this surface.
  • the upper plate 11 may have longitudinal ribs or concrete anchoring areas such as bosses or notches.
  • each side wing of this example is flat and comprises, at its end, a raised edge 14, 14 'which acts as a stiffener and facilitates the establishment of the spacer profile 10 on the self-supporting profile 2.
  • the spacer profile has a height of between 80 and 250 mm, the example of the figure 1 having been made with a spacer profile of 150 mm high.
  • the raised edge 14 (respectively 14 ') of the lateral flange of the spacer profile is fitted on the self-supporting profile and bears on the longitudinal stiffener 8 (8' respectively) thereof.
  • the two sections are secured preferably by seaming, preferably via fasteners 16, such as for example screws or rivets, evenly distributed along the length of the raised edge 14, 14 '.
  • the number of fasteners is limited to shorten the floor's manufacturing time.
  • the seam is then not sufficient for the spacer profile to participate in the mechanical strength of the entire mixed floor.
  • the spacer profile is in this case to formwork lost.
  • it is advantageous to improve the mechanical strength of the floor by multiplying the number of fasteners, which however lengthens the manufacturing time of the floor. A compromise is therefore to be found between the desired mechanical resistance of the floor and the time spent seaming the spacer profile to the self-supporting profile.
  • the seaming can be done on site or alternatively in the factory before delivery of the formwork on site.
  • the box 15 is left empty. Alternatively, it may be filled with thermal and / or acoustic insulation and / or accommodate the electrical networks and / or fluid networks of the building under construction.
  • This second formwork 1 differs from the formwork illustrated in FIG. figure 1 mainly in that the self-supporting profile 2 comprises two upper central areas 3 and in that the spacer profile 10 covers them.
  • the upper plate 11 of the spacer profile comprises a transverse detent 13 and longitudinal ribs 17, 17 'acting as stiffeners.
  • the lateral wings 12, 12 ' are inclined, extending towards the bottom and towards the outside of the upper plate 11.
  • Each lateral wing of this example comprises longitudinal stiffeners 18, 18' consisting of folds forming a slight recess in the lateral wing.
  • the end of each lateral wing is formed of a recess 19, 19 'Z-shaped which acts as a stiffener and facilitates the establishment of the spacer profile 10 on the self-supporting profile 2.
  • the recess 19 (respectively 19 ') of the end of the side wing abuts on the end 20 of the first upper central strip of the self-supporting profile 2 (respectively on the end 20' from the second upper central range).
  • the two sections are secured by seaming, preferably via fasteners 16, such as for example screws or rivets, regularly distributed over the length of the recess 19, 19 '.
  • the fitting mode of the spacer profile on the self-supporting profile via the recess 19, 19 ', as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 can be implemented in the example of the figure 1 instead of the mode of engagement through the raised edge 14, 14 'and vice versa.
  • the spacer profile can take various forms. Its upper plate may for example have ribs such that several boxes 15 are formed between the spacer profile and the self-supporting profile.
  • the composite steel-concrete floor is made by the juxtaposition of formwork 1 on the structure 21 of the building under construction as illustrated in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the formwork 1 can be immediately adjacent to each other, as shown in FIG. figure 3 , or interposed between self-supporting profiles 2 not provided with spacer profile 10.
  • Reinforcing reinforcing bars 22 are then disposed in wave recesses 23 formed by the lateral webs of two successive self-supporting profiles 2.
  • Liquid concrete is then poured over the entire surface formed by the formwork 1 and any self-supporting profiles 2, so as to form a slab 24.
  • the distance separating the top of the spacer profiles from the surface of the slab will be at least 20 mm in order to ensure the good compressive strength of the slab.
  • distances of the order of 50 to 200 mm will be preferred to allow the coating of any anti-cracking reinforcement or to allow the structure which carries the composite floor to work mainly in traction or to increase the fire resistance. .
  • the caissons 15 formed by the interlocking of the spacer profiles 10 on the self-supporting profiles 2 make it possible to minimize the quantity of concrete necessary for the formation of the slab. It is thus possible to make floors of greater length.
  • the shape and dimensions of the boxes will be adjusted according to the circumstances in order to obtain the best compromise between the desired mechanical strength and range of the composite floor.
  • the spacer profile may thus be of width less than the width of the upper central region of the self-supporting profile so that it covers only partially the upper central zone when it is arranged by the end of its lateral wings on the self-supporting profile. .
  • Such a configuration may be suitable when one does not seek to greatly reduce the mixed floor.
  • preference will be given to the configuration for which the spacer profile covers the entirety of at least one upper central range so that one side of the box is formed at least by the entire upper central range (except for the possible localized support of the recess 19, 19 'on the end 20, 20' of the upper central range).
  • the ratio between the height of the spacer profile and the height of the self-supporting profile will preferably vary between 0.35 and 1.
  • the combination of a freestanding profile height of between 150 and 300 mm and the ratio between 0.35 and 1 makes it possible to obtain a formwork presenting the best optimum in terms of inertia and lightening.

Description

La présente invention concerne un coffrage destiné à la construction de planchers mixtes acier-béton obtenus par coulage d'une dalle en béton sur le coffrage.The present invention relates to a formwork for the construction of mixed steel-concrete floors obtained by casting a concrete slab on the formwork.

Il est connu dans le domaine de la construction de recourir à des coffrages métalliques pour faciliter la fabrication des planchers. Ces coffrages, constitués d'une tôle métallique mise en forme généralement par profilage, sont disposés, par l'intermédiaire de leurs extrémités, sur la structure du bâtiment en construction puis retiennent le béton liquide coulé jusqu'à ce que celui-ci sèche et forme la dalle du plancher.It is known in the field of construction to use metal formwork to facilitate the manufacture of floors. These formworks, consisting of a metal sheet shaped generally by profiling, are arranged, via their ends, on the structure of the building under construction and retain the poured liquid concrete until it dries and forms the slab of the floor.

Suivant la forme du coffrage, le plancher obtenu peut être de 3 natures différentes : à coffrage perdu, additif ou collaborant. Par plancher à coffrage perdu, on entend que seul le béton contribue à la résistance mécanique du plancher. Par plancher additif, on entend que la résistance mécanique du plancher est l'addition des résistances respectives du coffrage et du béton. Enfin, par plancher collaborant, on entend que la résistance du plancher est supérieure à l'addition des résistances respectives du coffrage et du béton.Depending on the form of the formwork, the floor obtained can be of 3 different types: with lost formwork, additive or collaborating. By loose form flooring, it is meant that only concrete contributes to the mechanical strength of the floor. By additive floor, it is meant that the mechanical strength of the floor is the addition of the respective strengths of the formwork and concrete. Finally, collaborating floor means that the resistance of the floor is greater than the addition of the respective strengths of the formwork and concrete.

Lors de la phase de construction, le coffrage métallique doit supporter la somme du poids de béton et de son poids propre sans ruine ni flèche trop importante, et cela que l'on ait recours ou non à des étais provisoires disposés à intervalle régulier entre les murs de soutènement du plancher.During the construction phase, the metal formwork must support the sum of the weight of concrete and its own weight without ruin or excessive deflection, and this is done or not with provisional struts arranged at regular intervals between them. retaining walls of the floor.

Par ailleurs, après retrait des éventuels étais provisoires et pendant la phase d'usage du plancher, désignée sous le terme de phase mixte, le plancher ne doit pas trop fléchir dans les conditions normales d'utilisation.In addition, after the removal of any temporary struts and during the use phase of the floor, referred to as the mixed phase, the floor must not sag too much under normal conditions of use.

Ces impératifs de construction limitent de fait la portée actuelle des planchers mixtes acier-béton à environ 5 mètres. En effet, la portée du plancher étant proportionnelle à son épaisseur, l'ajout de béton s'avère nécessaire pour augmenter l'épaisseur du plancher et donc sa portée. Mais le coffrage métallique ne peut supporter cet ajout.These construction requirements effectively limit the current reach of mixed steel-concrete floors to approximately 5 meters. Indeed, the range of the floor being proportional to its thickness, the addition of concrete proves necessary to increase the thickness of the floor and thus its range. But the metal formwork can not support this addition.

Pour augmenter la portée des planchers mixtes acier-béton, il est connu de US5,205,098 d'augmenter la résistance structurelle du coffrage en combinant deux profilés métalliques disposés tête-bêche et fixés l'un à l'autre par leurs semelles. Malheureusement, une telle solution augmente significativement l'épaisseur du plancher et la présence du profilé inférieur rend délicate la mise en place du coffrage sur la structure du bâtiment.To increase the range of mixed steel-concrete floors, it is known to US5,205,098 to increase the structural strength of the formwork by combining two metal sections arranged head to tail and fixed to each other by their soles. Unfortunately, such a solution significantly increases the thickness of the floor and the presence of the lower profile makes it difficult to place the formwork on the structure of the building.

Il est par ailleurs connu de US4,697,399 d'obturer les creux d'onde des tôles nervurées utilisées comme coffrage afin d'éviter leur remplissage par le béton. Cette solution permet d'augmenter la hauteur des creux d'onde de façon à augmenter la résistance du plancher sans accroitre la quantité de béton nécessaire. Il est alors possible soit d'augmenter la portée du plancher soit de minimiser l'épaisseur du béton situé au-dessus des creux d'onde. Malheureusement, une telle solution n'est pas envisageable pour atteindre de longues portées, pour lesquelles la présence combinée de béton et de barres d'armature de renfort dans les creux d'onde est nécessaire pour assurer la résistance à la traction du plancher.It is also known from US4,697,399 to close the wave holes of the ribbed sheets used as formwork in order to avoid their filling by the concrete. This solution makes it possible to increase the height of the wave hollows so as to increase the resistance of the floor without increasing the quantity of concrete required. It is then possible either to increase the range of the floor or to minimize the thickness of the concrete located above the wave troughs. Unfortunately, such a solution is not feasible to reach long spans, for which the combined presence of concrete and reinforcing reinforcing bars in the wave troughs is necessary to ensure the tensile strength of the floor.

Il est également connu de GB1469478 un coffrage pour plancher mixte acier-béton selon le préambule de la revendication 1.It is also known to GB1469478 a formwork for a composite steel-concrete floor according to the preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention a pour but de pallier aux problèmes précités en proposant un coffrage permettant de minimiser la quantité de béton nécessaire tout en conservant une résistance mécanique du plancher mixte suffisante pour augmenter sa portée au-delà de 8 mètres.The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned problems by providing a formwork to minimize the amount of concrete necessary while maintaining a mechanical strength of the mixed floor sufficient to increase its range beyond 8 meters.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour premier objet un coffrage pour plancher mixte acier-béton comprenant :

  • un profilé autoportant comprenant au moins une plage centrale supérieure, des âmes latérales prolongeant la plage centrale supérieure de part et d'autre de celle-ci et vers le dessous et au moins deux semelles inférieures prolongeant les âmes latérales,
  • un profilé écarteur comprenant au moins un plateau supérieur et deux ailes latérales prolongeant le plateau supérieur de part et d'autre de celui-ci et vers le dessous,
le profilé écarteur étant disposé au moins par l'extrémité des ailes latérales sur la partie supérieure du profilé autoportant destinée à travailler en compression, la limite entre partie destinée à travailler en compression et partie destinée à travailler en traction étant située aux alentours de la moitié de la hauteur de l'âme latérale dudit profilé autoportant, de façon à recouvrir au moins partiellement la plage centrale supérieure et à ainsi former au moins un caisson permettant de minimiser la quantité de béton nécessaire.For this purpose, the invention is primarily a formwork for mixed steel-concrete floor comprising:
  • a self-supporting profile comprising at least one upper central zone, lateral webs extending the upper central zone on either side of the latter and towards the bottom and at least two lower flanges extending the lateral webs,
  • a spacer profile comprising at least one upper plate and two lateral wings extending the upper plate on either side of it and towards the bottom,
the spacer profile being disposed at least by the end of the lateral wings on the upper part of the self-supporting profile intended to work in compression, the limit between part intended to work in compression and part intended to work in tension being located around half the height of the lateral core of said self-supporting profile, so as to cover at least partially the upper central region and thus form at least one box to minimize the amount of concrete required.

Le coffrage selon l'invention peut également comprendre les caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes, prises isolément ou en combinaison :

  • le profilé écarteur recouvre l'intégralité de ladite plage centrale supérieure ;
  • les âmes latérales sont inclinées vers l'extérieur de la plage centrale supérieure ;
  • chacune des âmes latérales comporte un raidisseur longitudinal constitué de deux plis formant un décrochement de l'âme latérale ;
  • les ailes latérales sont inclinées vers l'extérieur du plateau supérieur ;
  • l'extrémité des ailes latérales comporte un bord relevé ;
  • le bord relevé est en appui sur le raidisseur longitudinal, le profilé écarteur et le profilé autoportant étant solidarisés par couturage par l'intermédiaire de fixations régulièrement réparties sur la longueur du bord relevé ;
  • l'extrémité des ailes latérales comporte un décrochement en forme de Z;
  • le décrochement est en appui sur des extrémités de la plage centrale supérieure ;
  • le profilé autoportant comprend deux plages centrales supérieures ;
  • le profilé autoportant recouvre au moins partiellement les deux plages centrales supérieures ;
The formwork according to the invention may also include the following optional features, taken alone or in combination:
  • the spacer profile covers the entirety of said upper central range;
  • the lateral webs are inclined outwardly of the upper central region;
  • each of the lateral webs comprises a longitudinal stiffener consisting of two folds forming a recess of the lateral web;
  • the lateral wings are inclined towards the outside of the upper plate;
  • the end of the lateral wings has a raised edge;
  • the raised edge is supported on the longitudinal stiffener, the spacer profile and the self-supporting profile being secured by seaming through fasteners regularly distributed over the length of the raised edge;
  • the end of the lateral wings comprises a Z-shaped recess;
  • the recess is supported on the ends of the upper central region;
  • the self-supporting profile comprises two upper central areas;
  • the self-supporting profile covers at least partially the two upper central areas;

Un second objet de l'invention est constitué par un procédé de fabrication d'un coffrage pour plancher mixte acier-béton comprenant les étapes selon lesquelles :

  • on approvisionne un profilé autoportant comprenant au moins une plage centrale supérieure, des âmes latérales prolongeant la plage centrale de part et d'autre de celle-ci et vers le dessous et au moins deux semelles inférieures prolongeant les âmes latérales,
  • on approvisionne un profilé écarteur comprenant au moins un plateau supérieur et deux ailes latérales prolongeant le plateau supérieur de part et d'autre de celui-ci et vers le dessous,
  • on dispose au moins l'extrémité des ailes latérales du profilé écarteur sur la partie supérieure du profilé autoportant destinée à travailler en compression, la limite entre partie destinée à travailler en compression et partie destinée à travailler en traction étant située aux alentours de la moitié de la hauteur de l'âme latérale dudit profilé autoportant, de façon à recouvrir au moins partiellement la plage centrale supérieure et à ainsi former au moins un caisson permettant de minimiser la quantité de béton nécessaire,
  • on solidarise le profilé autoportant et le profilé écarteur au moyen de fixations situées le long de l'extrémité des ailes latérales.
A second object of the invention is constituted by a method of manufacturing a formwork for a composite steel-concrete floor comprising the steps according to which:
  • supplying a self-supporting profile comprising at least one upper central zone, lateral webs extending the central zone on either side of the latter and towards the bottom and at least two lower flanges extending the lateral webs,
  • supplying a spacer profile comprising at least one upper plate and two lateral wings extending the upper plate on either side of the latter and towards the bottom,
  • there is at least the end of the lateral wings of the spacer profile on the upper part of the self-supporting profile intended to work in compression, the limit between part intended to work in compression and part intended to work in tension being located around half of the height of the lateral core of said self-supporting profile, so as to at least partially cover the upper central region and thus form at least one box to minimize the amount of concrete required,
  • the self-supporting profile and the spacer profile are secured by means of fasteners located along the end of the lateral wings.

Un troisième objet de l'invention est constitué par un kit de fabrication d'un coffrage pour plancher mixte acier-béton comprenant :

  • au moins un profilé autoportant comprenant au moins une plage centrale supérieure, des âmes latérales prolongeant la plage centrale de part et d'autre de celle-ci et vers le dessous et au moins deux semelles inférieures prolongeant les âmes latérales,
  • au moins un profilé écarteur comprenant au moins un plateau supérieur et deux ailes latérales prolongeant le plateau supérieur de part et d'autre de celui-ci et vers le dessous.
A third object of the invention is constituted by a kit for manufacturing a formwork for a composite steel-concrete floor comprising:
  • at least one self-supporting profile comprising at least one upper central zone, lateral webs extending the central zone on either side of the latter and towards the bottom and at least two lower flanges extending the lateral webs,
  • at least one spacer profile comprising at least one upper plate and two lateral wings extending the upper plate on either side thereof and towards the bottom.

Un quatrième objet de l'invention est constitué par un plancher mixte acier-béton comprenant au moins un coffrage selon l'invention et une dalle de béton coulée sur le coffrage.A fourth object of the invention is constituted by a composite steel-concrete floor comprising at least one formwork according to the invention and a concrete slab cast on the formwork.

Un cinquième objet de l'invention est constitué par un procédé de fabrication d'un plancher mixte acier-béton d'un bâtiment comprenant les étapes selon lesquelles :

  • on approvisionne des profilés autoportants comprenant au moins une plage centrale supérieure, des âmes latérales prolongeant la plage centrale de part et d'autre de celle-ci et vers le dessous et au moins deux semelles inférieures prolongeant les âmes latérales,
  • on approvisionne des profilés écarteurs comprenant au moins un plateau supérieur et deux ailes latérales prolongeant le plateau supérieur de part et d'autre de celui-ci et vers le dessous,
  • on juxtapose les profilés autoportants sur une structure du bâtiment,
  • on dispose au moins l'extrémité des ailes latérales des profilés écarteurs sur la partie supérieure destinée à travailler en compression d'au moins certains des profilés autoportants, la limite entre partie destinée à travailler en compression et partie destinée à travailler en traction étant située aux alentours de la moitié de la hauteur de l'âme latérale dudit profilé autoportant, de façon à recouvrir au moins partiellement au moins une des plages centrales supérieures et à ainsi former au moins un caisson permettant de minimiser la quantité de béton nécessaire,
  • on solidarise chacun des profilés autoportants au profilé écarteur sur lequel il est disposé au moyen de fixations situées le long de l'extrémité des ailes latérales, de façon à former un coffrage,
  • on dispose des barres d'armature de renfort dans des creux d'onde formés par les âmes latérales de deux profilés autoportants successifs,
  • on coule du béton liquide sur l'ensemble de la surface formée par les coffrages et les profilés autoportants.
A fifth object of the invention is constituted by a method of manufacturing a composite steel-concrete floor of a building comprising the steps according to which:
  • supplying self-supporting profiles comprising at least one upper central zone, lateral webs extending the central zone on either side of the latter and towards the bottom and at least two lower flanges extending the lateral webs,
  • spacers are provided comprising at least one upper plate and two lateral wings extending the upper plate on either side of the latter and towards the bottom,
  • the freestanding profiles are juxtaposed on a building structure,
  • at least the end of the lateral wings of the spreader profiles are arranged on the upper part intended to work in compression of at least some of the self-supporting profiles, the limit between part intended to work in compression and part intended to work in tension being located at about half the height of the lateral core of said self-supporting profile, so as to cover at least partially at least one of the upper central regions and thus form at least one box to minimize the amount of concrete required,
  • each of the self-supporting profiles is secured to the spacer profile on which it is arranged by means of fasteners located along the end of the lateral wings, so as to form a formwork,
  • reinforcement reinforcing bars are arranged in wave recesses formed by the lateral webs of two successive self-supporting profiles,
  • liquid concrete is poured over the entire surface formed by the forms and the self-supporting profiles.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, donnée à titre explicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées qui représentent :

  • La figure 1 représente une coupe transversale d'un premier exemple de coffrage selon l'invention,
  • La figure 2 représente une coupe transversale d'un second exemple de coffrage selon l'invention,
  • La figure 3 représente une vue écorchée d'un plancher mixte acier-béton selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given for explanatory but non-limiting purposes, with reference to the appended figures which represent:
  • The figure 1 represents a cross section of a first example of formwork according to the invention,
  • The figure 2 represents a cross section of a second example of formwork according to the invention,
  • The figure 3 represents a cutaway view of a composite steel-concrete floor according to the invention.

Les mêmes numéros de référence représentent les mêmes éléments dans chacune des figures.The same reference numbers represent the same elements in each of the figures.

Dans le cadre de l'invention, les différents éléments constitutifs des coffrages sont préférentiellement en métal tel que l'acier nu ou galvanisé au moyen d'un alliage de zinc. Optionnellement, l'acier, galvanisé ou non, sera recouvert d'une couche de peinture afin de mieux le protéger de la corrosion. Au moins un des éléments constitutifs des coffrages, et en particulier le profilé écarteur, pourra cependant être en plastique ou en tout autre matériau suffisamment résistant à l'usage auquel l'élément est destiné.In the context of the invention, the various components of the formwork are preferably made of metal such as bare steel or galvanized with a zinc alloy. Optionally, the steel, galvanized or not, will be covered with a layer of paint to better protect it from corrosion. At least one of the constituent elements of the formwork, and in particular the spacer profile, may however be made of plastic or any other material sufficiently resistant to the use for which the element is intended.

Lorsque du béton est coulé sur un coffrage, les profilés constitutifs du coffrage subissent des efforts de flexion tels que les parties supérieures des profilés sont soumises à des contraintes de compression et les parties inférieures des profilés à des contraintes de traction, notamment dans le sens longitudinal. L'importance relative des zones soumises à la traction et des zones soumises à la compression dépend de différents paramètres géométriques tels que la hauteur des âmes, l'épaisseur de la couche de béton, la longueur et la largeur des profilés. L'Homme du métier sait déterminer à partir de ces paramètres quelle est la répartition relative des zones soumises à la traction et des zones soumises à la compression. En règle générale, la limite entre zone soumise à la traction et zone soumise à la compression se situe aux alentours de la moitié de la hauteur de l'âme latérale du profilé.When concrete is poured on a formwork, the constituent sections of the formwork undergo bending forces such that the upper parts of the profiles are subjected to compression stresses and the lower parts of the profiles to tensile stresses, especially in the longitudinal direction. . The relative importance of the tensile and compression zones depends on different geometrical parameters such as the height of the cores, the thickness of the concrete layer, the length and width of the sections. Those skilled in the art can determine from these parameters what is the relative distribution of the areas subjected to traction and areas subject to compression. As a general rule, the boundary between the tensile zone and the compression zone is around half the height of the lateral web of the profile.

On décrit un exemple de coffrage selon l'invention en référence à la figure 1.An example of formwork according to the invention is described with reference to the figure 1 .

En premier lieu, le coffrage 1 comprend un profilé autoportant 2. Par profilé autoportant, on entend une tôle mise en forme de sorte que la simple rigidité de cette forme assure sa stabilité et permette sa mise en place sur la structure du bâtiment en construction par l'intermédiaire de ses extrémités. Les formes que peut prendre ce profilé autoportant sont connues en soi. De préférence, on choisira une forme permettant la fabrication d'un plancher additif. De façon générale, le profilé autoportant comprend au moins une plage centrale supérieure 3 horizontale s'étendant dans le sens longitudinal du profilé autoportant, deux âmes latérales 4 et 4' prolongeant la plage centrale supérieure 3 de part et d'autre de celle-ci et vers le dessous et au moins deux semelles inférieures 5 et 5' horizontales prolongeant les âmes latérales.In the first place, the formwork 1 comprises a self-supporting profile 2. By self-supporting profile, is meant a shaped sheet so that the simple rigidity of this form ensures its stability and allows its implementation on the structure of the building under construction. through its ends. The shapes that can take this self-supporting profile are known per se. Preferably, one will choose a form for the manufacture of an additive floor. In general, the self-supporting profile comprises at least one horizontal upper central zone 3 extending in the longitudinal direction of the self-supporting profile, two lateral webs 4 and 4 'extending the upper central zone 3 on either side thereof and towards the bottom and at least two horizontal lower flanges 5 and 5 'extending the lateral webs.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, la plage centrale supérieure 3 comprend par ailleurs deux nervures longitudinales 6 et 6' séparées par un crantage transversal 7. Cette conformation augmente la rigidité de la plage centrale supérieure 3 et rend ainsi possible la circulation des ouvriers sur cette surface.In the case of this example, the upper central zone 3 furthermore comprises two longitudinal ribs 6 and 6 'separated by a transverse notch 7. This conformation increases the rigidity of the upper central zone 3 and thus makes possible the circulation of the workers on this area.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, les âmes latérales 4 et 4' sont inclinées, s'étendant vers le dessous et vers l'extérieur de la plage centrale supérieure. Alternativement, elles peuvent s'étendre verticalement ou vers l'intérieur, en fonction de la rigidité recherchée du profilé autoportant. Chaque âme latérale de cet exemple comporte par ailleurs un raidisseur longitudinal 8, 8' constitué de deux plis formant un léger décrochement dans la partie de l'âme latérale soumise à des efforts de compression lors de la phase mixte. Ce raidisseur longitudinal, d'une part, améliore le comportement mécanique du profilé autoportant et, d'autre part, favorise la mise en place d'un profilé écarteur comme on le verra ultérieurement. Alternativement ou en complément, les âmes latérales 4 et 4' peuvent présenter des zones d'ancrage du béton tels que des bossages ou des crantages situés dans la partie de l'âme latérale soumise à des efforts de traction.In the case of this example, the lateral webs 4 and 4 'are inclined, extending towards the bottom and towards the outside of the upper central area. Alternatively, they can extend vertically or inward, depending on the desired rigidity of the self-supporting profile. Each lateral core of this example also comprises a longitudinal stiffener 8, 8 'consisting of two folds forming a slight recess in the part of the lateral core subjected to compression forces during the mixed phase. This longitudinal stiffener, on the one hand, improves the mechanical behavior of the self-supporting profile and, on the other hand, promotes the establishment of a spacer profile as will be seen later. Alternatively or in addition, the lateral webs 4 and 4 'may have concrete anchoring zones such as bosses or notches located in the part of the lateral web subjected to tensile forces.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, les semelles inférieures 5 et 5' présentent un bord relevé 9, 9' qui fait office de raidisseur et facilite la mise en oeuvre du coffrage en particulier en rendant les jonctions entre deux profilés autoportants adjacents plus étanches au béton liquide.In the case of this example, the lower flanges 5 and 5 'have a raised edge 9, 9' which acts as a stiffener and facilitates the implementation of the formwork in particular by making the junctions between two adjacent self-supporting profiles more sealed to concrete liquid.

En règle générale, le profilé autoportant présente une hauteur comprise entre 150 et 300 mm, l'exemple de la figure 1 ayant été réalisé avec un profilé autoportant de 220 mm de haut.As a general rule, the self-supporting profile has a height of between 150 and 300 mm, the example of the figure 1 having been made with a freestanding profile of 220 mm high.

En second lieu, le coffrage 1 comprend un profilé écarteur 10. Ce dernier comprend un plateau supérieur 11 horizontal s'étendant dans le sens longitudinal du profilé écarteur et deux ailes latérales 12, 12' prolongeant le plateau supérieur 11 de part et d'autre de celui-ci et vers le dessous.Secondly, the formwork 1 comprises a spacer profile 10. The latter comprises a horizontal upper plate 11 extending in the longitudinal direction of the spacer profile and two lateral wings 12, 12 'extending the upper plate 11 on either side from it and towards the bottom.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, le plateau supérieur 11 comprend par ailleurs un crantage transversal 13. Cette conformation augmente la rigidité du plateau supérieur 11 et rend ainsi possible la circulation des ouvriers sur cette surface. Alternativement ou en complément, le plateau supérieur 11 peut présenter des nervures longitudinales ou encore des zones d'ancrage du béton tels que des bossages ou des crantages.In the case of this example, the upper plate 11 further comprises a transverse strike 13. This conformation increases the rigidity of the upper plate 11 and thus makes possible the movement of workers on this surface. Alternatively or in addition, the upper plate 11 may have longitudinal ribs or concrete anchoring areas such as bosses or notches.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, les ailes latérales 12, 12' sont inclinées, s'étendant vers le dessous et vers l'extérieur du plateau supérieur 11. Alternativement, elles peuvent s'étendre verticalement ou vers l'intérieur, en fonction de la rigidité recherchée. Chaque aile latérale de cet exemple est plane et comporte, à son extrémité, un bord relevé 14, 14' qui fait office de raidisseur et facilite la mise en place du profilé écarteur 10 sur le profilé autoportant 2.In the case of this example, the lateral flanges 12, 12 'are inclined, extending towards the bottom and towards the outside of the upper plate 11. Alternatively, they can extend vertically or inwards, depending on the rigidity sought. Each side wing of this example is flat and comprises, at its end, a raised edge 14, 14 'which acts as a stiffener and facilitates the establishment of the spacer profile 10 on the self-supporting profile 2.

En règle générale, le profilé écarteur présente une hauteur comprise entre 80 et 250 mm, l'exemple de la figure 1 ayant été réalisé avec un profilé écarteur de 150 mm de haut.As a general rule, the spacer profile has a height of between 80 and 250 mm, the example of the figure 1 having been made with a spacer profile of 150 mm high.

La largeur du plateau supérieur 11, l'angle d'inclinaison des ailes latérales 12, 12' par rapport au plateau supérieur 11 et la longueur des ailes latérales sont ajustées de façon à ce que le profilé écarteur 10 puisse être disposé par l'extrémité de ses ailes latérales 12, 12' sur la partie du profilé autoportant 2 destinée à travailler en compression de façon à recouvrir au moins partiellement sa plage centrale supérieure 3 tout en ménageant un caisson 15 entre cette dernière et le plateau supérieur 11 du profilé écarteur 10. Un tel emboitement du profilé écarteur sur la partie du profilé autoportant destinée à travailler en compression offre plusieurs avantages :

  • il augmente l'inertie du coffrage et optimise la répartition des charges sur le coffrage,
  • il facilite la solidarisation ultérieure des deux profilés en facilitant l'accès à l'emboitement,
  • en sous-face du profilé autoportant, la solidarisation est peu visible et disposée dans des zones non gênantes,
  • la consommation d'acier est minimisée.
The width of the upper plate 11, the angle of inclination of the lateral wings 12, 12 'relative to the upper plate 11 and the length of the lateral wings are adjusted so that the spacer profile 10 can be arranged by the end its lateral wings 12, 12 'on the part of the self-supporting profile 2 intended to work in compression so as to cover at least partially its upper central zone 3 while providing a box 15 between the latter and the upper plate 11 of the spacer profile 10 Such an interlocking of the spacer profile on the part of the self-supporting profile intended to work in compression offers several advantages:
  • it increases the inertia of the formwork and optimizes the distribution of the loads on the formwork,
  • it facilitates the subsequent joining of the two sections by facilitating access to the interlocking,
  • on the underside of the self-supporting profile, the joining is not very visible and arranged in non-interfering areas,
  • steel consumption is minimized.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, le bord relevé 14 (respectivement 14') de l'aile latérale du profilé écarteur est emboité sur le profilé autoportant et vient en appui sur le raidisseur longitudinal 8 (respectivement 8') de celui-ci. Les deux profilés sont solidarisés de préférence par couturage, préférentiellement par l'intermédiaire de fixations 16, telles que par exemple des vis ou des rivets, régulièrement réparties sur la longueur du bord relevé 14, 14'.In the case of this example, the raised edge 14 (respectively 14 ') of the lateral flange of the spacer profile is fitted on the self-supporting profile and bears on the longitudinal stiffener 8 (8' respectively) thereof. The two sections are secured preferably by seaming, preferably via fasteners 16, such as for example screws or rivets, evenly distributed along the length of the raised edge 14, 14 '.

En règle générale, on limite le nombre de fixations pour raccourcir le temps de fabrication du plancher. Le couturage n'est alors pas suffisant pour que le profilé écarteur participe à la résistance mécanique de l'ensemble du plancher mixte. Le profilé écarteur est dans ce cas à coffrage perdu. Cependant, on peut avantageusement améliorer la résistance mécanique du plancher en multipliant le nombre de fixations, ce qui allonge cependant le temps de fabrication du plancher. Un compromis est donc à trouver entre la résistance mécanique souhaitée du plancher et le temps passé à couturer le profilé écarteur au profilé autoportant. Le couturage pourra être réalisé sur chantier ou alternativement en usine avant livraison des coffrages sur chantier.As a general rule, the number of fasteners is limited to shorten the floor's manufacturing time. The seam is then not sufficient for the spacer profile to participate in the mechanical strength of the entire mixed floor. The spacer profile is in this case to formwork lost. However, it is advantageous to improve the mechanical strength of the floor by multiplying the number of fasteners, which however lengthens the manufacturing time of the floor. A compromise is therefore to be found between the desired mechanical resistance of the floor and the time spent seaming the spacer profile to the self-supporting profile. The seaming can be done on site or alternatively in the factory before delivery of the formwork on site.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, le caisson 15 est laissé vide. Alternativement il peut être rempli d'isolant thermique et/ou acoustique et/ou accueillir les réseaux électriques et/ou les réseaux de fluides du bâtiment en construction.In the case of this example, the box 15 is left empty. Alternatively, it may be filled with thermal and / or acoustic insulation and / or accommodate the electrical networks and / or fluid networks of the building under construction.

On décrit maintenant un second exemple de coffrage selon l'invention en référence à la figure 2. Ce second exemple reprend l'ensemble des caractéristiques de l'exemple décrit en référence à la figure 1 à l'exception des différences mentionnées ci-dessous.We now describe a second example of formwork according to the invention with reference to the figure 2 . This second example shows all the characteristics of the example described with reference to the figure 1 except for the differences mentioned below.

Ce second coffrage 1 diffère du coffrage illustré à la figure 1 principalement en ce que le profilé autoportant 2 comprend deux plages centrales supérieures 3 et en ce que le profilé écarteur 10 les recouvre.This second formwork 1 differs from the formwork illustrated in FIG. figure 1 mainly in that the self-supporting profile 2 comprises two upper central areas 3 and in that the spacer profile 10 covers them.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, le plateau supérieur 11 du profilé écarteur comprend un crantage transversal 13 et des nervures longitudinales 17, 17' faisant office de raidisseurs. Les ailes latérales 12, 12' sont inclinées, s'étendant vers le dessous et vers l'extérieur du plateau supérieur 11. Chaque aile latérale de cet exemple comporte des raidisseurs longitudinaux 18, 18' constitués de plis formant un léger décrochement dans l'aile latérale. L'extrémité de chaque aile latérale est formée d'un décrochement 19, 19' en forme de Z qui fait office de raidisseur et facilite la mise en place du profilé écarteur 10 sur le profilé autoportant 2.In the case of this example, the upper plate 11 of the spacer profile comprises a transverse detent 13 and longitudinal ribs 17, 17 'acting as stiffeners. The lateral wings 12, 12 'are inclined, extending towards the bottom and towards the outside of the upper plate 11. Each lateral wing of this example comprises longitudinal stiffeners 18, 18' consisting of folds forming a slight recess in the lateral wing. The end of each lateral wing is formed of a recess 19, 19 'Z-shaped which acts as a stiffener and facilitates the establishment of the spacer profile 10 on the self-supporting profile 2.

Dans le cas de cet exemple, le décrochement 19 (respectivement 19') de l'extrémité de l'aile latérale vient en appui sur l'extrémité 20 de la première plage centrale supérieure du profilé autoportant 2 (respectivement sur l'extrémité 20' de la deuxième plage centrale supérieure). Les deux profilés sont solidarisés par couturage, préférentiellement par l'intermédiaire de fixations 16, telles que par exemple des vis ou des rivets, régulièrement réparties sur la longueur du décrochement 19, 19'.In the case of this example, the recess 19 (respectively 19 ') of the end of the side wing abuts on the end 20 of the first upper central strip of the self-supporting profile 2 (respectively on the end 20' from the second upper central range). The two sections are secured by seaming, preferably via fasteners 16, such as for example screws or rivets, regularly distributed over the length of the recess 19, 19 '.

En complément des exemples illustrés aux figures 1 et 2, on notera que le mode d'emboitement du profilé écarteur sur le profilé autoportant par l'intermédiaire du décrochement 19, 19', tel qu'illustré à la figure 2, pourra être mis en oeuvre dans l'exemple de la figure 1 en lieu et place du mode d'emboitement par l'intermédiaire du bord relevé 14, 14' et réciproquement. On notera également que le profilé écarteur peut prendre des formes variées. Son plateau supérieur peut par exemple présenter des nervures telles que plusieurs caissons 15 sont formés entre le profilé écarteur et le profilé autoportant.In addition to the examples illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 it will be noted that the fitting mode of the spacer profile on the self-supporting profile via the recess 19, 19 ', as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 , can be implemented in the example of the figure 1 instead of the mode of engagement through the raised edge 14, 14 'and vice versa. It will also be noted that the spacer profile can take various forms. Its upper plate may for example have ribs such that several boxes 15 are formed between the spacer profile and the self-supporting profile.

Le plancher mixte acier-béton est réalisé par la juxtaposition de coffrages 1 sur la structure 21 du bâtiment en construction comme illustré à la figure 3. En fonction de l'allégement en béton recherché, les coffrages 1 pourront être immédiatement adjacents les uns des autres, comme illustré à la figure 3, ou intercalés entre des profilés autoportants 2 non munis de profilé écarteur 10. Des barres d'armature de renfort 22 sont ensuite disposées dans les creux d'onde 23 formés par les âmes latérales de deux profilés autoportants 2 successifs. Du béton liquide est ensuite coulé sur l'ensemble de la surface formée par les coffrages 1 et les éventuels profilés autoportants 2, de façon à former une dalle 24.The composite steel-concrete floor is made by the juxtaposition of formwork 1 on the structure 21 of the building under construction as illustrated in FIG. figure 3 . Depending on the desired concrete lightening, the formwork 1 can be immediately adjacent to each other, as shown in FIG. figure 3 , or interposed between self-supporting profiles 2 not provided with spacer profile 10. Reinforcing reinforcing bars 22 are then disposed in wave recesses 23 formed by the lateral webs of two successive self-supporting profiles 2. Liquid concrete is then poured over the entire surface formed by the formwork 1 and any self-supporting profiles 2, so as to form a slab 24.

De préférence, la distance séparant le haut des profilés écarteurs de la surface de la dalle sera d'au moins 20mm afin d'assurer la bonne résistance à la compression de la dalle. On privilégiera cependant des distances de l'ordre de 50 à 200mm pour permettre l'enrobage d'éventuelles armatures anti-fissurations 25 ou pour permettre à la structure qui porte le plancher mixte de travailler principalement en traction ou encore pour accroître la résistance au feu.Preferably, the distance separating the top of the spacer profiles from the surface of the slab will be at least 20 mm in order to ensure the good compressive strength of the slab. However, distances of the order of 50 to 200 mm will be preferred to allow the coating of any anti-cracking reinforcement or to allow the structure which carries the composite floor to work mainly in traction or to increase the fire resistance. .

Comme il est apparent à la figure 3, les caissons 15 formés par l'emboitement des profilés écarteurs 10 sur les profilés autoportants 2 permettent de minimiser la quantité de béton nécessaire à la formation de la dalle. Il est ainsi possible de réaliser des planchers de plus grande longueur.As it is apparent to the figure 3 the caissons 15 formed by the interlocking of the spacer profiles 10 on the self-supporting profiles 2 make it possible to minimize the quantity of concrete necessary for the formation of the slab. It is thus possible to make floors of greater length.

La présence des caissons 15 n'altère pas la résistance mécanique du plancher formé. En effet, seule la partie de la dalle située au-dessus des profilés écarteurs assure la résistance à la compression, tandis que la combinaison des barres d'armature de renfort et du béton placés dans les creux d'onde 23 assure la résistance à la traction.The presence of the boxes 15 does not alter the mechanical strength of the floor formed. Indeed, only the portion of the slab located above the spacer profiles provides the compressive strength, while the combination of reinforcing reinforcing bars and concrete placed in the wave recesses 23 ensures resistance to compression. traction.

De façon générale, la forme et les dimensions des caissons seront ajustées en fonction des circonstances afin d'obtenir le meilleur compromis entre la résistance mécanique et la portée souhaitées du plancher mixte.In general, the shape and dimensions of the boxes will be adjusted according to the circumstances in order to obtain the best compromise between the desired mechanical strength and range of the composite floor.

Le profilé écarteur peut ainsi être de largeur inférieure à la largeur de la plage centrale supérieure du profilé autoportant de sorte qu'il ne recouvre que partiellement la plage centrale supérieure lorsqu'il est disposé par l'extrémité de ses ailes latérales sur le profilé autoportant. Une telle configuration peut convenir lorsque l'on ne recherche pas à fortement alléger le plancher mixte. Cependant, et pour ces mêmes raisons d'allégement du plancher, on privilégiera la configuration pour laquelle le profilé écarteur recouvre l'intégralité d'au moins une plage centrale supérieure de façon à ce qu'un des cotés du caisson soit formé au moins par l'intégralité de cette plage centrale supérieure (exception faite de l'éventuel appui localisé du décrochement 19, 19' sur l'extrémité 20, 20' de la plage centrale supérieure).The spacer profile may thus be of width less than the width of the upper central region of the self-supporting profile so that it covers only partially the upper central zone when it is arranged by the end of its lateral wings on the self-supporting profile. . Such a configuration may be suitable when one does not seek to greatly reduce the mixed floor. However, and for the same reasons of lightening of the floor, preference will be given to the configuration for which the spacer profile covers the entirety of at least one upper central range so that one side of the box is formed at least by the entire upper central range (except for the possible localized support of the recess 19, 19 'on the end 20, 20' of the upper central range).

Pour ces mêmes raisons d'allégement du plancher, le ratio entre la hauteur du profilé écarteur et la hauteur du profilé autoportant variera préférentiellement entre 0,35 et 1. En particulier, la combinaison d'une hauteur de profilé autoportant comprise entre 150 et 300 mm et du ratio compris entre 0,35 et 1 permet d'obtenir un coffrage présentant le meilleur optimum en termes d'inertie et d'allégement.For these same reasons for lightening the floor, the ratio between the height of the spacer profile and the height of the self-supporting profile will preferably vary between 0.35 and 1. In particular, the combination of a freestanding profile height of between 150 and 300 mm and the ratio between 0.35 and 1 makes it possible to obtain a formwork presenting the best optimum in terms of inertia and lightening.

Des simulations numériques réalisées notamment avec les coffrages illustrés aux figures 1 et 2 ont montré que l'invention permettait d'atteindre des portées de 8 mètres à plus de 12 mètres.Numerical simulations carried out in particular with the formwork illustrated with Figures 1 and 2 showed that the invention made it possible to reach ranges of 8 meters to more than 12 meters.

Cette combinaison d'un profilé autoportant et d'un profilé écarteur présente plusieurs avantages :

  • le recours à un profilé écarteur distinct du profilé autoportant permet de recourir à des profilés autoportants déjà existants,
  • les profilés étant réalisés à partir de bobines de tôles de largeur limitée (et généralement de l'ordre de 1200 à 1500 mm), le recours au profilé écarteur distinct permet également d'éviter que le coffrage ne soit réalisé à partir d'un unique profilé plus haut mais trop étroit, l'augmentation de la hauteur de l'âme latérale entrainant, de fait, la réduction de la largeur de la plage centrale supérieure,
  • le recours au profilé écarteur distinct permet d'éviter une surcharge de béton que génère un coffrage fait d'un seul profilé plus haut. En effet, la réduction de la largeur de la plage centrale supérieure a pour effet de rapprocher les coffrages les uns des autres, de multiplier ainsi le nombre de creux d'onde, d'augmenter ainsi les quantités de béton nécessaires à leur remplissage et donc d'augmenter le poids de béton global.
This combination of a freestanding profile and a spacer profile has several advantages:
  • the use of a spacer profile separate from the self-supporting profile makes it possible to use existing self-supporting profiles,
  • the profiles being made from sheet metal coils of limited width (and generally of the order of 1200 to 1500 mm), the use of the separate spacer profile also prevents the formwork from being made from a single profile higher but too narrow, the increase in the height of the lateral soul resulting, in fact, the reduction of the width of the upper central range,
  • the use of the separate spacer profile avoids a concrete overload that generates a formwork made of a single profile above. Indeed, the reduction of the width of the upper central range has the effect of bringing the formwork closer to one another, thereby to increase the number of wave recesses, thereby increasing the quantities of concrete necessary for their filling and therefore to increase the overall weight of concrete.

Claims (15)

  1. A formwork (1) for a steel-concrete composite floor comprising a self-supporting profile (2) comprising at least one upper central area (3), side webs (4, 4') extending said upper central area on either side thereof and downward, and at least two sole plates (5, 5') extending said side webs,
    said formwork being characterized in that it further comprises a spacer profile (10) comprising at least one upper plate (11) and two side wings (12, 12') extending said upper plate on either side thereof and downward,
    said spacer profile being arranged at least by the end of said side wings on the upper part of said self-supporting profile intended to work in compression, the boundary between the part intended to work in compression and the part intended to work in traction being situated around half of the height of the side web of said self-supporting profile, so as to at least partially cover said upper central area and thus form at least one box (15) making it possible to minimize the quantity of concrete needed.
  2. The formwork (1) according to claim 1, wherein said spacer profile (10) covers all of said upper central area (3).
  3. The formwork (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said side webs (4, 4') are inclined toward the outside of said upper central area (3).
  4. The formwork (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of said side webs (4, 4') includes a longitudinal stiffener (8, 8') made up of two bends forming a setback of said side web.
  5. The formwork (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said side wings (12, 12') are inclined toward the outside of said upper plate (11).
  6. The formwork (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said end of the side wings (12, 12') includes a raised edge (14, 14').
  7. The formwork (1) according to claims 4 and 6, wherein said raised edge (14, 14') bears on said longitudinal stiffener (8, 8'), said spacer profile and said self-supporting profile being secured by stitching via fasteners (16) regularly distributed over the length of said raised edge (14, 14').
  8. The formwork (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said end of the side wings (12, 12') includes a Z-shaped setback (19, 19').
  9. The formwork (1) according to claim 8, wherein said setback (19, 19') bears on ends (20, 20') of said upper central area.
  10. The formwork (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said self-supporting profile (2) comprises two upper central areas (3).
  11. The formwork (1) according to claim 10, wherein said self-supporting profile (10) at least partially covers said two upper central areas (3).
  12. A method for manufacturing a formwork (1) for a steel-concrete composite floor, comprising the following steps:
    - providing a self-supporting profile (2) comprising at least one upper central area (3), side webs (4, 4') extending said central area on either side thereof and downward, and at least two sole plates (5, 5') extending said side webs,
    - providing a spacer profile (10) comprising at least one upper plate (11) and two side wings (12, 12') extending said upper plate on either side thereof and downward,
    - positioning at least the end of said side wings (12, 12') of the spacer profile on the upper part of said self-supporting profile (2) intended to work in compression, the boundary between the part intended to work in compression and the part intended to work in traction being situated around half of the height of the side web of said self-supporting profile, so as to at least partially cover said upper central area and thus form at least one box (15) making it possible to minimize the quantity of concrete needed,
    - securing said self-supporting profile and said spacer profile using fasteners situated along the end of said side wings.
  13. A kit for manufacturing a formwork (1) for a steel-concrete composite floor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising:
    - at least one self-supporting profile (2) comprising at least one upper central area (3), side webs (4, 4') extending said central area on either side thereof and downward, and at least two sole plates (5, 5') extending said side webs,
    - at least one spacer profile (10) comprising at least one upper plate (11) and two side webs (12, 12') extending said upper plate on either side thereof and downward.
  14. A steel-concrete composite floor comprising at least one formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 11 and a concrete slab (24) poured on said formwork.
  15. A method for manufacturing a steel-concrete composite floor of a building, comprising the following steps:
    - providing self-supporting profiles (2) comprising at least one upper central area (3), side webs (4, 4') extending said central area on either side thereof and downward, and at least two lower sole plates (5, 5') extending said side webs,
    - providing spacer profiles (10) comprising at least one upper plate (11) and two side wings (12, 12') extending said upper plate on either side thereof and downward,
    - juxtaposing said self-supporting profiles on a structure (21) of said building,
    - positioning at least the end of said side wings (12, 12') of the spacer profiles on the upper part intended to work in compression of at least some of said self-supporting profiles, the boundary between the part intended to work in compression and the part intended to work in traction being situated around half of the height of the side web of said self-supporting profile, so as to at least partially cover at least one of said upper central areas and thus form at least one box (15) making it possible to minimize the quantity of concrete needed,
    - securing each of said self-supporting profiles to said spacer profile on which it is positioned using fasteners situated along the end of said side wings, so as to form a box (1),
    - positioning reinforcing bars (22) in the troughs (23) formed by said side webs of two successive self-supporting profiles,
    - pouring liquid concrete over the entire surface formed by said formwork and said self-supporting profiles.
EP13727641.6A 2012-05-03 2013-05-03 Formwork and associated floor Active EP2844809B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FR2012/000175 WO2013164519A1 (en) 2012-05-03 2012-05-03 Formwork and associated floor
PCT/IB2013/000829 WO2013164677A1 (en) 2012-05-03 2013-05-03 Formwork and associated floor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2844809A1 EP2844809A1 (en) 2015-03-11
EP2844809B1 true EP2844809B1 (en) 2017-03-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13727641.6A Active EP2844809B1 (en) 2012-05-03 2013-05-03 Formwork and associated floor

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2844809B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2626171T3 (en)
WO (2) WO2013164519A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108894423A (en) * 2018-07-24 2018-11-27 沈阳建筑大学 Assembled integral composite slab with profiled steel sheeting and installation and application

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3202078A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-08-24 R C Mahon Company Combined structural and air conditioning system for buildings
CH582801A5 (en) * 1973-08-04 1976-12-15 Sowa Walter
US4697399A (en) 1986-01-17 1987-10-06 Cyclops Corporation Universal deck
US4965972A (en) * 1988-07-07 1990-10-30 Butler Manufacturing Company Combined deck unit and cellular raceway
US5205098A (en) 1992-06-11 1993-04-27 Landis Donald H Long-span decking panel
US7146920B1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-12-12 Epic Metals Corporation Three dimensional plated deck

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013164519A1 (en) 2013-11-07
WO2013164677A1 (en) 2013-11-07
ES2626171T3 (en) 2017-07-24
EP2844809A1 (en) 2015-03-11

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