EP2844802B1 - PANNEAU SANDWICH et PROCÉDÉ DE CONSTRUCTION D'UN TEL PANNEAU SANDWICH - Google Patents

PANNEAU SANDWICH et PROCÉDÉ DE CONSTRUCTION D'UN TEL PANNEAU SANDWICH Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2844802B1
EP2844802B1 EP12724416.8A EP12724416A EP2844802B1 EP 2844802 B1 EP2844802 B1 EP 2844802B1 EP 12724416 A EP12724416 A EP 12724416A EP 2844802 B1 EP2844802 B1 EP 2844802B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loops
spacer
sandwich panel
openings
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12724416.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2844802A1 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelmus Fredrikus HAZENBRINK
Jurjen WESTRA
Jan-Paul Ferdinand KIMMEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MCT Mesh Construction Technology Holding BV
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MCT Mesh Construction Technology Holding BV
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Publication date
Application filed by MCT Mesh Construction Technology Holding BV filed Critical MCT Mesh Construction Technology Holding BV
Publication of EP2844802A1 publication Critical patent/EP2844802A1/fr
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Publication of EP2844802B1 publication Critical patent/EP2844802B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0636—Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
    • E04B2/845—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf the form leaf comprising a wire netting, lattice or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8658—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms using wire netting, a lattice or the like as form leaves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1954—Struts specially adapted therefor uninterrupted struts connecting alternately with the outer planes of the framework, e.g. zig-zagging struts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1975—Frameworks where the struts are directly connected to each other, i.e. without interposed connecting nodes or plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2002/3488—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by frame like structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49623—Static structure, e.g., a building component
    • Y10T29/49629—Panel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24636—Embodying mechanically interengaged strand[s], strand-portion[s] or strand-like strip[s] [e.g., weave, knit, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sandwich panel comprising a core and two skin layers arranged on opposite sides of the core.
  • a sandwich panel is known per se.
  • Document WO2004/061247 discloses a sandwich panel comprising all the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • This document discloses an aperture formed by one or more elements of a truss and utilized to form ductile connections with other reinforcement elements. Said aperture may be formed by the positioning, bending, weaving or sewing of one or more said elements.
  • the trusses may be disposed in parallel or intersecting planes and may be connected by the utilization of said apertures on site or fabricated offsite. They may be assembled into structures or into modular or custom panels with which structures may be built, and embedded in cementations. It is an object of the invention to provide a sandwich panel that allows for easy assembling of the core and the two skin layers, such that said core and said two skin layers may be transported in a disassembled state and to be easily assembled on site.
  • the sandwich panel according to the invention comprises all the features of claim 1.
  • the sandwich panel according to the invention allows for easy assembling by arranging the skin layers on opposite sides of the core and by then placing the rods through the rows of second loops.
  • the sandwich panel according to the invention may be used as, but not limited to, a wall or a roof of a construction or (emergency) building, such as a house, an office building, a garage, a storage shed, a stadium, a stable, a quay, a dam, a sewer drain, a swimming pool, etc, or as a bower, a sound wall, a (decorative or protective) (garden) fence, a grandstand, a presentation wall, a display, a bike park, a stage, as a building toy optionally for educational purposes, or as part of a bridge (head), of a viaduct, of the casco of a house-boat , etc.
  • a construction or (emergency) building such as a house, an office building, a garage, a storage shed, a stadium, a stable, a quay, a dam, a sewer drain, a swimming pool, etc, or as a bower, a sound wall, a
  • the core may for example be manufactured from a material from the group comprising metal, such as iron or (stainless) steel, and (fibre reinforced) plastic or composite material.
  • said sandwich panel comprises limitation means for limiting the distance by which each second loop extends through each first loop and/or by which each second loop extends through each opening in each skin layer.
  • the second spacer and/or the first spacer may comprise said limitation means, said limitation means comprising two elongated elements extending in the first longitudinal direction, which elongated elements mutually connect the second loops on each longitudinal side of the second spacer and/or which elongated elements mutually connect the first loops on each longitudinal side of the first spacer.
  • the elongated elements have the further advantage of clearly defining the location of the first loops and the second loops in the first longitudinal direction, such that the location of the openings of the skin layers may be easily be adapted thereto.
  • the angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer lies in the range of between 90° to 150°.
  • An angle of approximately 90° has the advantage that the core of the sandwich panel is foldable to a folded up first state in which the core has a more or less flat shape, such that the core requires relative small space, which is convenient for, for example, transport and storage.
  • the core is easily expandable to its expanded state, in which the core functions as a spacer for the sandwich panel.
  • the size of the openings of the skin layers is smaller than the size of the first loops, such that the first loops cannot extend through the openings of the skin layers, this angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer limits the maximum angle of the longitudinal plane of the first spacer with respect to the skin layers, which maximum angle is obtained when the first loops extend parallel to the skin layers.
  • the maximum angle of the longitudinal plane of the first spacer with respect to the skin layers is defined as 180° minus the angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer.
  • the maximum angle is approximately 60°, respectively approximately 45°, if the angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer is approximately 120°, respectively approximately 135°.
  • the angle of the first loop with respect to the skin layer may lye in the range of between 0° to 45°.
  • An angle of the second loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the second spacer may lye in the range of between 120° to 180°.
  • the angle of the second loop with respect to the skin layer is preferably approximately 90°, such that the rods may easily be placed through the openings of the second loops.
  • an angle between the longitudinal plane of the second spacer and the skin layers is between 120° to 180° minus approximately 90°, i.e. between 30° to 90°.
  • the angle of the longitudinal plane of the first spacer and/or the angle of the longitudinal plane of the second spacer with respect to the skin layers lies in the range of between 30° to 90°. These angles may be equal or different for the first spacers and the second spacers.
  • All angles may be chosen in accordance with required strength of the sandwich panel, and in accordance with desired dimensions of the sandwich panel.
  • At least one of the two skin layers is a mesh.
  • Such a mesh has the advantage that it comprises more openings than the core comprises second loops, such that the second loops may easily be placed through the openings of the mesh. Also, such a mesh is relatively cheap.
  • the mesh may for example be made from a material from the group comprising metal, such as iron or (stainless) steel and (fibre reinforced) plastic or composite material.
  • a sandwich panel comprising such mesh skin layers may for example be filled with rocks and mud and may for example be used as a noise protection wall that may for example be located along roads in urban areas.
  • such a sandwich panel may conveniently be used for building houses and other buildings, such as stores and offices, in area's that have suffered from a natural disaster, such as an earth quake.
  • the broken bricks and other remainings of collapsed buildings may be used as a filling material for filling up the core of the sandwich panel, such that new buildings may be made relatively easy and fast.
  • the people living in said area may have new homes relatively fast.
  • Such homes may be temporally, wherein more permanent buildings may be built while the people are living in homes comprising the sandwich panels according to the invention. After finishing the more permanent buildings, said temporally homes and buildings may easily be disassembled by removing first the rods, then the skin layers, and by then folding up or dismounting the core.
  • the sandwich panels may then be reused used at a different location.
  • At least one of the two skin layers may be a panel.
  • Such a panel has the advantage, that the core and/or the optional filling of the core of the sandwich panel, is at least less visible from the outside.
  • the thickness of the panel may be chosen as desired.
  • the panel may for example be made from a material from the group comprising wood, metal, such as iron or (stainless) steel and (fibre reinforced) plastic or composite material.
  • At least one of the two skin layers may be a sandwich panel, comprising a core and two skin layers, wherein the core and an inner skin layer of the two skin layers comprise said plurality of openings and wherein the outer skin layer covers said plurality of openings.
  • Such a sandwich panel skin layer has the advantage, that the outer skin layer covers said plurality of openings and the second loops and rods located therein. Thus, the openings, second loops and rods are not visible from the outside.
  • the outer skin layers may for example comprise a finishing layer, such as finish plaster, wood, tiles, bricks or the like, such that after assembly of the sandwich panel 1000 no further finishing is required.
  • One of the finishing layers of the outer skin layers may for example be watertight, such that the sandwich panel may be used as an outer wall of a building, also in areas where rain occurs.
  • the core may for example be made of a noise or energy isolating layer, such as polyurethane (PUR).
  • said sandwich panel comprises guiding means provided in the core of said sandwich panel skin layer for guiding the rods through said second loops.
  • Said guiding means may for example comprise guiding pipes or tubes.
  • the sandwich panels comprising panels as skin layers or sandwich panels as skin layers may also be used for building buildings, such as houses, stores and offices. For example as temporary buildings in areas that have suffered from a natural disaster, as well as more permanent buildings in all areas.
  • the invention also relates to a method of building a sandwich panel according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of appended claim 12. With such a method the sandwich panel may be built relatively easy and fast. Also, the sandwich panel may easily and/or fast be dismantled by reversing the steps.
  • the core is foldable between a folded up first state and an expanded second state.
  • the core In the folded up first state the core requires less space than in the expanded second state, such that the core may easily be transported and stored in the folded up first state.
  • the core At a building the core may easily be expanded to its expanded state.
  • the core Dependent on the angle of the first loop with respect to the longitudinal plane of the first spacer, the core may have a more or less flat shape in the folded up state.
  • Buildings built using a plurality of sandwich panels according to the invention may be built relatively easy and fast and may conveniently be used in any area, in particular in areas that have suffered from a natural disaster.
  • Means for mutually connecting a plurality of the sandwich panels may be provided.
  • the sandwich panels may be used as walls, roofs, floors, or any desired part of the building.
  • FIGS 1 , 2 and 3 show a sandwich panel 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, which sandwich panel comprises a core 2, two skin layers 3A, 3B, a plurality of rods 4, and four side panels 5A-5D.
  • the core 2 comprises a plurality of zigzag-shaped first spacers 6, which first spacers 6 extend in a first longitudinal direction 8.
  • Each first spacer 6 comprises at each corner thereof a first loop 9.
  • the first loops extend parallel with respect to the skin layers 3A, 3B and under an angle 25 of approximately 120° with respect to a longitudinal plane of the first spacer 6 (see figure 5 ).
  • the core 2 further comprises a plurality of zigzag-shaped second spacers 7, which also extend in the first longitudinal direction 8.
  • Each second spacer 7 comprises at each corner thereof a second loop 10, wherein the outer dimensions of the second loops 10 are smaller than the inner dimensions of each first loop 9, such that the second loops 10 may extend through the first loops 9.
  • the second loops 10 extend perpendicular with respect to the skin layers 3A, 3B and under an angle 26 of approximately 150° with respect to a longitudinal plane of the second spacer 7, see figure 5 .
  • said core 2 comprises a second type of second spacer 19, as is seen in figures 1 and 3 .
  • This second type of second spacer 19 differs from the first type second spacer 7 only in that the second loops 20 extend in the same direction as the longitudinal plane of the second type second spacer 19, such that the second type second spacer 19 extends perpendicular with respect to said skin layers 3A,3B.
  • the angle 26 of the second type second spacer is 180°, instead of 150°.
  • the second loops 10 of each second spacer 7 extend through the first loops 9 of an adjacent first spacer 6, such that the first spacers 6 and the second spacers 7 define a second zigzag-shape in a second longitudinal direction 11, which second longitudinal direction 11 extends under an angle of 90° with respect to the first longitudinal direction 8.
  • the first longitudinal direction 8 of the zigzag-shapes of the first spacers 6 and the second spacers 7,19 is elucidated by the black colour of the second type second spacer 19.
  • the second longitudinal direction 11 of the zigzag-shape defined by the coupled first spacers 6 and second spacers 7 is elucidated by the dashed upper bars of the first and second spacers 6,7,19.
  • the openings 12 defined by the second loops 10, 20 of successive second spacers 7,19 are registered in rows extending in the second longitudinal direction 11, such that the rods 4 can be placed through the second loops 10, 20.
  • each skin layer 3A, 3B is arranged on opposite sides of the core 2, wherein each skin layer 3A, 3B is a mesh comprising a plurality of openings 13 through which the second loops 10,20 extend.
  • the rods 4 extend through the openings 12 of the second loops 10,20 of each row at the outer surface of each skin layer 3A, 3B such that each rod 4 locks the second loops 10,20 in the first loops 9 with respect to the skin layer 3A, 3B.
  • the side panels 5A-5D are also a mesh comprising openings 14.
  • Each mesh 5A-5D comprises edge zones 15 extending under an angle of 90° with respect of a main plane of the panels 5A-5D, such that the edge zones 15 extend parallel with respect tot the skin layers 3A, 3B.
  • the second loops 10,20 that are located at the outer zones of the core 2 extend through the openings 14 of the edge zones 15 of the panels 5A-5D and the rods 4 extend through the openings 12 of the second loops 10,20 at the outer surface of the edge zones 15 of the panels 5A-5D, such that each rod 4 locks the second loops 10,20 in the first loops 9 with respect to the skin layer 3A, 3B and the side panels 5A-5D.
  • each spacer 6,7 comprises two elongated elements 16,17 extending in the first longitudinal direction 8.
  • the elongated elements 16,17 are fixedly mounted to the corners of each spacer 6,7 at each longitudinal side of the spacers 6,7, and thus at the locations from which the loops 9,10 extend.
  • the elongated elements 16,17 mutually connect the loops 9,10 at each side of the spacers 6,7.
  • the locations of the loops 9,10 with respect to the first longitudinal direction 8 are clearly defined, such that the locations of the openings of the skin layers 3A, 3B and the side panels 5A-5D may easily be adapted thereto.
  • the elongated elements 17 of the second spacer 7 limit the distance by which each second loop 10 extends through each first loop 9 and the elongated elements 16 of the first spacer 6 limit the distance by which each second loop 10 extends through each opening 13 in each skin layer 3A,3B by preventing the first loops 9 from extending through the openings 13.
  • the second type second spacer 19 comprises elongate elements 28, also extending in the first longitudinal direction 8, which elongated elements 28 mutually connect the loops 20 at each longitudinal side of the second type second spacer 19.
  • Figure 4A shows a perspective view of the first spacer 6. This figure clearly shows the elongated elements 16 extending in the first longitudinal direction 8 and connecting the loops 9. Figure 4A further shows the angle 21 of the zigzag-shape, which is approximately 60°. The angle 22 of the outer zigzag is half the angle 21, which is thus approximately 30°. The outer zigzag thus extends in a plane that is perpendicular to the skin layers 3A,3B.
  • Figure 4B shows a perspective view of the second spacer 7. This figure clearly shows the elongated elements 17 extending in the first longitudinal direction 8 and connecting the loops 10.
  • Figure 4B further shows the angle 23 of the zigzag-shape, which is approximately 60°.
  • the angle 24 of the outer zigzag is half the angle 23, which is thus approximately 30°.
  • the outer zigzag thus extends in a plane that is perpendicular to the skin layers 3A,3B.
  • FIG. 5 shows in detail how the sandwich panel is assembled.
  • Each second spacer 7 is coupled to a first spacer 6 and the skin layer 3A, by placing the second loop 10 in the first loop 9 and in the opening 13 of the skin layer 3A.
  • a rod 4 is placed through the registered openings 12 of the second loops 10 at the outer surface of the skin layer 3A, such that the rod 4 locks the second loops 10 in the first loops 9 with respect to the skin layer 3A, 3B.
  • figure 5 shows the angles 25, 26 of the loops 9,10 with respect to the longitudinal planes of the spacers 6,7, which angles 25,26 are respectively 120° and 150°.
  • An angle 27 of the longitudinal planes of the spacers 6,7 with respect to the skin layers 3A, 3B is 60°, such that also the angle 29 between the longitudinal planes of the spacers 6,7 is 60°.
  • the angles 25,26,27 may be chosen differently.
  • the second type second spacer 19 is not disclosed in figure 5 .
  • the angle 26 of the second type second spacer 19 is 180° and the loops 20 extend perpendicular with respect to the skin layers 3A,3B, such that the angle 27 of the longitudinal plane of the second type second spacer 19 with respect to the skin layers 3A, 3B is 90°.
  • Figures 6 , 7 show a second embodiment of a sandwich panel 100.
  • the core 2 of the sandwich panel 100 is the same core 2 of the sandwich panel of figures 1 - 5 and is described above, wherein the same numbers refer to the same above described features.
  • the skin layers 103A,103B differ from the skin layers 3A,3B of figure 1 , 2 in that the skin layers 103A,103B are not meshes, but panels comprising openings 113.
  • the number and location of the openings 113 of the skin layers 103A,103B are adapted to the number and location of the second loops 10,20 of the core 2.
  • the locations of the loops 9,10,20 in the first longitudinal direction 8 are clearly defined, such that the locations of the openings 113 of the skin layers 103A, 103B may easily be adapted thereto.
  • the first longitudinal direction 8 now extends horizontal and the second longitudinal 11 now extends vertical, which is opposite to figures 1 - 5 , in which figures 1-5 the first longitudinal direction 8 extends vertical and the second longitudinal direction 11 extends horizontal.
  • the orientation of the core 2 is unimportant.
  • the orientation of the core 2 of figures 6 , 7 may be chosen when the height of the sandwich panel 100 is relatively low, such that the rods 4 may easily be placed from above through the registered openings 12 of the loops 10,20 of the second spacers 7,19.
  • FIGS 8A and 8B show a second embodiment of a sandwich panel 1000.
  • the core 2 of the sandwich panel 1000 is the same core 2 of the sandwich panel of figures 1 - 5 and is described above, wherein the same numbers refer to the same above described features.
  • the skin layers 1003A,1003B differ from the skin layers 3A,3B of figure 1 , 2 and the skin layers 103A,103B of figures 6 , 7 in that the skin layers 103A,103B are sandwich panels.
  • the sandwich panels 1003A,1003B comprise openings 1013 that extend only through the inner skin layers 1030, which inner skin layers 1030 are directed to the core 2 of the sandwich panel 1000, and the core 1031 of the sandwich panels 1003A,1003B.
  • the outer skin layers 1032 cover the openings 1013, such that the openings 1013, the loops 10,20 and the rods 4 are not visible from the outside.
  • the outer skin layers 1032 may for example comprise a finishing layer, such as finish plaster, wood, tiles, bricks or the like, such that after assembly of the sandwich panel 1000 no further finishing is required.
  • One of the finishing layers of the outer skin layers 1032 may for example be watertight, such that the sandwich panel 1000 may be used as an outer wall of a building.
  • the core 1031 may for example be made of a noise or energy isolating layer, such as polyurethane (PUR).
  • pipes 1033 extend in rows in the second longitudinal direction 11 through the core 1031 of the sandwich panels 1003A,1003B over the total length of the sandwich panels 1003A,1003B.
  • the pipes 1033 extend from each opening 1013 to a next opening 1013, but not through the opening 1013, such that the second loops 10,20 can be placed in the openings 1013.
  • the pipes 1033 serve as guiding means for the rods 4, wherein the rods 4 may be placed in the pipes 1033 from the outer end zones of the sandwich panels 1003A,1003B.
  • Such guiding means 1033 are convenient, because, as described above, the loops 10,20 are not visible from the outside due to the presence of the outer skin layers 1032 and thus enhance the placing of the rods 4 through the second loops 10,20.
  • Figures 9A and 9B show second embodiments of the first and second spacers 106,107 comprising respective first loops 109 and second loops 110.
  • the first and second spacers 106,107 of figures 9A, 9B differ from the first and second spacers 6,7 of figures 4A, 4B only in that the first and second spacers 106,107 do not comprise said elongated elements.
  • Such first and second spacers 106,107 may be applied if the location of the openings of the skin layers of the sandwich panel is not critical, for example when the skin layers are the meshes of figures 1 , 2 and/or when the skin layer itself provides sufficient strength and stability.
  • Figures 10A-10C are a side view of a second assembling method of the core 2 of the sandwich panels 1,100,1000 of figures 1-8 . From these figures 10A-10C it is clear that the core 2 is foldable between a folded up first state ( figure 10A ) and an expanded second state ( figure 10C).
  • Figure 10B shows an intermediate state. In the folded up first state the core 2 requires less space as compared to the expanded second state, which is convenient for transport and storage of the core 2.
  • the core 2 may be folded from the first state to its expanded second state and then coupled to the skin layers 3A,3B,103A,103B,1003A,1003B by placing the rods 4 through the second loops 10,20.
  • the first and second spacers 6,7,19 stay mutually connected during the folding of the core 2 by means of said loops 9,10,20, such that folding between the first and second states may take place relatively easy and fast.
  • FIGs 11A-11C are a side view of the second assembling method of a further core 102 according to the invention.
  • the core 102 differs from the core 2 of figures 1-8 in that the angle 125 between the loop 109 of the first spacer 106 and the longitudinal plane of the first spacer 106 is 90° instead of 120°.
  • the longitudinal planes of the first and second spacers 106,107 extend parallel in the folded up first state of figure 11A .
  • the core 102 has a more or less flat shape in the folded up state and thus requires much less space in the folded up first state as compared to the expanded second state of the core 102 as shown in figure 11C.
  • Figure 11B shows an intermediate state.
  • the second spacer 107 of the core 102 is equal to the second spacer 7 of the core 2 of figures 1-8 .
  • the second type second spacer 19 is not disclosed in figures 11A-11C and is also equal to the second type second spacer of the core 2 of figures 1-8 .
  • the first and second spacers 106,107,19 stay mutually connected during the folding of the core 2 by means of said loops 109,110,20, such that folding between the first and second states may take place relatively easy and fast.
  • coupling means in the form of a wires, tapes or belts may be provided that connect each first loop 9;109 of a first spacer 6;106 to a second loop 10,20;110,20 of an adjacent second spacers 7,19;107,19 together and as such prevent uncoupling.
  • the wires, tapes or belts may also be provided around each pair of elongated elements 16,17,28 of each pair of adjacent first spacers 6;106 and second spacers 7,19;107,19.
  • Figures 12A; 12B show cores 2; 102 in the expanded state of figures 10C ; 12C, respectively, which cores 2; 102 differ from the cores of figures 10A-10C ; 11A-11C in that the first spacers 6; 106 comprise an abutment 40; 140, which abutments 40; 140 limit the maximum angle between the longitudinal planes of the first and second spacers 6,7; 106,107 in the expanded second state.
  • the maximum angle between the longitudinal planes of the first and second spacers 6,7; 106,107 in the expanded second state is preferably 60°, see also figure 5 in which this angle is denoted by reference numeral 29.
  • the abutments 40; 140 are formed by bended portions of the first loops 9; 109 on both sides of the first spacers 6; 106.
  • angles may be chosen as desired and in dependence of required strength and size of the sandwich panel.
  • angle 27 between the longitudinal planes of the first and second spacers 6;106,7;107 and the skin layers 3A;103A;1003A,3B;103B;1003B may be variable and may be fixated by placing the second loops 10;110 through an opening of the skin layers 3A;103A;1003A,3B;103B;1003B and by then placing the rod through the second loops 10;110.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000), comprenant :
    - un noyau (2 ; 102), comprenant :
    - une pluralité de premières entretoises en forme de lacet (6 ; 106) s'étendant dans une première direction longitudinale (8), chaque première entretoise (6 ; 106) comprenant à chaque angle de celle-ci une première boucle (9 ; 109) ; et
    - une pluralité de secondes entretoises en forme de lacet (7, 19 ; 107, 19) s'étendant dans la première direction longitudinale (8), chaque seconde entretoise (7, 19 ; 107, 19) comprenant à chaque angle de celle-ci une seconde boucle (10, 20 ; 110, 20) ;
    - dans lequel les ouvertures (12) définies par les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) de secondes entretoises successives (7, 19 ; 107, 19) sont enregistrées dans des rangées s'étendant dans une seconde direction longitudinale (11), ladite seconde direction longitudinale (11) s'étendant selon un angle d'au moins 20° par rapport à la première direction longitudinale (8) ; et
    - dans lequel les premières entretoises (6 ; 106) et les secondes entretoises (7, 19 ; 107, 19) définissent une seconde forme de lacet dans la seconde direction longitudinale (11) ;
    - deux couches de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) agencées sur des côtés opposés du noyau (2 ; 102), dans lequel chaque couche de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) comprend une pluralité d'ouvertures (13 ; 113 ; 1013) à travers lesquelles les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) s'étendent ; et
    - une pluralité de tiges (4), chaque tige (4) s'étendant à travers les ouvertures (12) des secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) de chaque rangée au niveau de la surface externe de chaque couche de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) de telle sorte que chaque tige (4) verrouille les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) dans les premières boucles (9 ; 109) par rapport à la couche de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) ;
    caractérisé en ce que :
    chaque seconde boucle (10, 20 ; 110, 20) a des dimensions externes qui sont plus petites que les dimensions internes de chaque première boucle (9 ; 109) et les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) de chaque seconde entretoise (7, 19 ; 107, 19) s'étendent à travers les premières boucles (9 ; 109) d'une première entretoise adjacente (6 ; 106) ;
    et en ce que, soit
    la taille des ouvertures (13 ; 113 ; 1013) des couches de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) est plus petite que la taille des premières boucles (9 ; 109), de telle sorte que les premières boucles (9 ; 109) ne peuvent s'étendre à travers les ouvertures (13 ; 113 ; 1013) des couches de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) ;
    soit ;
    ledit panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) comprend un moyen de limitation pour limiter la distance sur laquelle chaque seconde boucle (10, 20 ; 110, 20) s'étend à travers chaque ouverture (13 ; 113) dans chaque couche de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) en empêchant les premières boucles (9 ; 109) de s'étendre à travers les ouvertures (13 ; 113 ; 1013).
  2. Panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'angle est d'environ 90°.
  3. Panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    dans lequel la seconde entretoise (7, 19 ; 107, 19) et/ou la première entretoise (6 ; 106) comprennent ledit moyen de limitation, ledit moyen de limitation comprenant deux éléments allongés (16, 17, 28) s'étendant dans la première direction longitudinale (8), lesdits éléments allongés (16, 17, 28) reliant mutuellement les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) sur chaque côté longitudinal de la seconde entretoise (7, 19 ; 107, 19) et/ou lesdits éléments allongés (16, 17, 28) reliant mutuellement les premières boucles (9 ; 109) sur chaque côté longitudinal de la première entretoise (6 ; 106).
  4. Panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel un angle (25 ; 125) de la première boucle (9 ; 109) par rapport au plan longitudinal de la première entretoise (6 ; 106) est dans la plage de 90° à 150°.
  5. Panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel un angle de la première boucle (9 ; 109) par rapport à la couche de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) est dans la plage de 0° à 45°.
  6. Panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel un angle (26) de la seconde boucle (10, 20 ; 110, 20) par rapport au plan longitudinal de la seconde entretoise (7, 19 ; 107, 19) est dans la plage de 120° à 180°.
  7. Panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel un angle du plan longitudinal de la première entretoise (6 ; 106) et/ou un angle du plan longitudinal de la seconde entretoise (7, 19 ; 107, 19) par rapport aux couches de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) est dans la plage de 30° à 90°.
  8. Panneau sandwich (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins une des deux couches de revêtement (3A, 3B) est un maillage.
  9. Panneau sandwich (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins une des deux couches de revêtement (103A, 103B) est un panneau ;
  10. Panneau sandwich (1000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins une des deux couches de revêtement (1003A, 1003B) est un panneau sandwich, comprenant un noyau (1031) et deux couches de revêtement (1032), dans lequel le noyau (1031) et une couche de revêtement interne des deux couches de revêtement (1032) comprennent ladite pluralité d'ouvertures (1013) et dans lequel la couche de revêtement externe (1032) recouvre ladite pluralité d'ouvertures (1013).
  11. Panneau sandwich (1000) selon la revendication 10, comprenant un moyen de guidage (1033) prévu dans le noyau (1031) de ladite couche de revêtement de panneau sandwich (1003A, 1003B) pour guider les tiges (4) à travers lesdites secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20).
  12. Procédé de construction d'un panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    a) construire un noyau (2 ; 102), comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    - fournir une pluralité de premières entretoises en forme de lacet (6 ; 106) s'étendant dans une première direction longitudinale (8), chaque première entretoise (6 ; 106) comprenant à chaque angle de celle-ci une première boucle (9 ; 109) ;
    - fournir une pluralité de secondes entretoises en forme de lacet (7, 19 ; 107, 19) s'étendant dans la première direction longitudinale (8), chaque seconde entretoise (7, 19 ; 107, 19) comprenant à chaque angle de celle-ci une seconde boucle (10, 20 ; 110, 20), chaque seconde boucle (10, 20 ; 110, 20) ayant des dimensions externes qui sont plus petites que les dimensions internes de chaque première boucle (9 ; 109),
    - placer les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) de chaque seconde entretoise (7, 19 ; 107, 19) à travers les premières boucles (9 ; 109) d'une première entretoise adjacente, dans lequel les ouvertures (12) définies par les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) de secondes entretoises successives (7, 19 ; 107, 19) sont enregistrées dans des rangées s'étendant dans une seconde direction longitudinale (11), ladite seconde direction longitudinale (11) s'étendant selon un angle d'au moins 20° par rapport à la première direction longitudinale (8), et dans lequel les premières entretoises (6 ; 106) et les secondes entretoises (7, 19 ; 107, 19) définissent une seconde forme de lacet dans la seconde direction longitudinale (11) ; et
    b) agencer deux couches de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) sur des côtés opposés du noyau (2 ; 102) en plaçant les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) du noyau (2 ; 102) à travers des ouvertures (13 ; 113 ; 1013) des couches de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B), dans lequel les premières boucles (9 ; 109) ne s'étendent pas à travers des ouvertures (13 ; 113 ; 1013) des couches de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) car la taille des ouvertures (13 ; 113 ; 1013) des couches de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B) est plus petite que la taille des premières boucles (9 ; 109), ou car ledit panneau sandwich (1 ; 100 ; 1000) comprend un moyen de limitation pour empêcher les premières boucles (9 ; 109) de s'étendre à travers les ouvertures (13 ; 113 ; 1013) ;
    c) placer une pluralité de tiges (4) à travers les ouvertures (12) des secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) de chaque rangée au niveau de la surface externe de chaque couche de revêtement de telle sorte que chaque tige verrouille les secondes boucles (10, 20 ; 110, 20) dans les premières boucles (9 ; 109) par rapport à la couche de revêtement (3A, 3B ; 103A, 103B ; 1003A, 1003B).
EP12724416.8A 2012-05-01 2012-05-01 PANNEAU SANDWICH et PROCÉDÉ DE CONSTRUCTION D'UN TEL PANNEAU SANDWICH Active EP2844802B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/NL2012/050302 WO2013165235A1 (fr) 2012-05-01 2012-05-01 Panneau sandwich, procédé de construction d'un tel panneau sandwich, âme d'un tel panneau sandwich, et bâtiment construit d'une pluralité de tels panneaux sandwich

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EP2844802A1 EP2844802A1 (fr) 2015-03-11
EP2844802B1 true EP2844802B1 (fr) 2018-07-11

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CN (1) CN104379841A (fr)
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EA (1) EA026350B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013165235A1 (fr)

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JP6931520B2 (ja) * 2015-10-09 2021-09-08 ケンテック株式会社 外壁構造物
NL2019432B1 (en) * 2017-08-21 2019-03-07 Mct Mesh Constructiontechnology Holding B V Structure and use of such a structure
US10364571B1 (en) * 2018-01-11 2019-07-30 Morteza Moghaddam Lightweight structural panel
KR102162737B1 (ko) * 2018-08-20 2020-10-07 방성훈 조립식 벽체 구조물
WO2021019288A1 (fr) * 2019-08-01 2021-02-04 Almond Marc Panneau structural isolé renforcé
US11352786B2 (en) * 2019-08-19 2022-06-07 WSP USA, Inc. Constructing buildings with modular wall structure
US11680398B2 (en) * 2020-10-12 2023-06-20 Jacob Eisenberg Strata space frame
US20230243168A1 (en) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Branch Technology, Inc. Methods, systems, and panels for customized retrofit of a building exterior

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Publication number Publication date
WO2013165235A1 (fr) 2013-11-07
EP2844802A1 (fr) 2015-03-11
US20150132535A1 (en) 2015-05-14
CN104379841A (zh) 2015-02-25
EA026350B1 (ru) 2017-03-31
BR112014027179A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
EA201401187A1 (ru) 2015-02-27

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