EP2843190A2 - Construction de fermeture et procédé et matériaux pour sa fabrication - Google Patents
Construction de fermeture et procédé et matériaux pour sa fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2843190A2 EP2843190A2 EP14181512.6A EP14181512A EP2843190A2 EP 2843190 A2 EP2843190 A2 EP 2843190A2 EP 14181512 A EP14181512 A EP 14181512A EP 2843190 A2 EP2843190 A2 EP 2843190A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inert
- closure
- use according
- cohesive material
- pellets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000269 smectite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011624 Agave sisalana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003030 smectite-group mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/16—Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to materials and their use in processes for the production of closure structures for closing cavities, which occur especially in underground construction in so-called manhole structures, but also as a dam construction in the line closure.
- Hazardous waste such as Highly toxic or radioactive substances are deposited in mines and disposed of to permanently isolate them from the environment. This happens in barrels, drums or other containers, which are spent in underground caverns (cavities). When the usable space of the cavern has been exhausted, the free space between the various containers is filled with solid material to ensure sufficient compressive strength of the storage pile while avoiding possible collapsing of the ceiling. Subsequently, these cavities must be permanently sealed watertight to guarantee safe long-term storage of the substances mentioned.
- the sealing against water ingress in such closure structures is produced by so-called sealing plugs made of bentonite.
- the building material is spent underground and also compacted underground to achieve the required low water permeability.
- Another possibility is the use of bentonite shaped bricks, which are made overground and built underground as dry masonry.
- the cohesive material preferably bentonite or bentonite stones.
- the cohesive material in particular bentonite, swells when absorbed by water and considerably increases its volume. Due to the increase in volume there is a pressure build-up. This effect is used to create a permanently watertight sealing plug for the cavity to be closed with the aid of cohesive (and at the same time swellable) material. For this, however, it is again necessary to compact the bentonite beds underground as evenly as possible with hydraulic devices.
- At least one layer of a further material is disposed within the backfilling of the cohesive material.
- This further layer is at an angle of 60 ° to 90 ° to the water inlet direction, is between 2 and 30 cm thick and has a water permeability that is at least ten times greater than that of the bentonite or the cohesive material.
- the invention was thus based on the object of finding a method and / or suitable materials and building materials with which or with which closure structures or sealing plugs, in particular for closing cavities, can be produced in the most efficient manner possible. It was important to note that these cavities can be located underground in particular and a closure should normally be watertight. Further work should be underground during the creation of such closure structures are at least largely avoided.
- a material combination or composition according to the invention which serves as a closure material and basically consists of highly compressed moldings, preferably pellets, of a cohesive material and an inert gusset filling.
- the closure construction or the sealing plug consists of this closure material. Additional abutments or dry masonry are usually required for structural reasons, are required as a building and are not considered here.
- the term closure construction used according to the invention therefore comprises only the actual closure stopper and not the abutments required for static reasons, which are preferably designed as concrete abutments.
- the closure material can be installed as a finished mixture of moldings / pellets and inert gusset filling at the installation site, this is the variant preferred according to the invention.
- the components are also possible to install the components as separate beds (pellets as bed 1 and gusset filling as bed 2) alternately or successively.
- the introduction takes place by the loose plunging of the closure material as a mixture or as separate beds 1 and 2 (for example as a loose crevice into a manhole structure) or, preferably, in the blowing offset, in which again preferably a prefabricated mixture of the components of the closure material is used.
- the requirements for the closure material depend on the requirements of the closure structure produced therefrom (swelling volume, swelling pressure, tightness to pending media / test liquids), which in turn depend on the local conditions, in particular the expected upcoming water column and the resulting hydrostatic pressure , And whether the closure must be largely or completely as possible sealing against possible ingress of water or only a temporary structure, for example in the line closure represents.
- the closure structure will have to be largely water-tight.
- the resulting requirements on the closure structure and thus on the closure material used are then preferably determined by the following parameters: installation density of the closure material without additional local compaction of greater than 1.7 t / m 3 (kg / dm 3 ), in particular between 1.7 and 2.1 t / m 3 .
- Installation density of the closure material without additional local compaction of greater than 1.7 t / m 3 (kg / dm 3 ), in particular between 1.7 and 2.1 t / m 3 .
- Swelling pressure builds up when a volume increase (swelling) caused by water absorption is hindered (eg by a surcharge).
- the sealing plug or the closure material should moreover have water permeabilities (characterized by the permeability coefficient k f in m / s) of k f less than 10 -11 m / s, in particular less than 10 -12 m / s (determination of water permeability according to DIN 18130).
- the moldings or pellets to be used according to the invention as a component of the closure material are preferably cylindrical, highly compressed moldings which are produced by vacuum extrusion.
- Their bulk density is preferably more than 2.0 t / m 3 corresponding to a dry bulk density of about 1.8 to 2.0 t / m 3 .
- the preferred dimensions are at a diameter of up to 20 mm, preferably 6 - 10 mm, and a length of about 5-30 mm, preferably also 6-10 mm, about a cylindrical, but also isometric as possible mold body respects length / To achieve latitude. Even with this material, a volume filling of about 60-65% by volume, corresponding to a void volume of about 35-40% by volume, would result in a single-grain bed (bed 1).
- the shaped bodies of cohesive material preferably contain minerals of the smectite group. These are minerals and mineral mixtures of various swellable phyllosilicates, which have a three-layer structure and belong to the clay minerals.
- the pellets contain these minerals to at least 60 wt .-%, preferably to more than 75 wt .-%.
- the most important representative of these smectite minerals is the layered silicate montmorillonite, which is preferred to the above contained in the pellets.
- these pellets or molded articles consist of pure bentonite.
- Bentonite is a natural, plastic clay rock which, in addition to quartz, mica, feldspar, pyrite or even calcite, contains montmorillonite as the most important constituent to about 60-80 wt .-% in addition to other clay minerals.
- An essential point to be considered in the production of the shaped bodies according to the invention is a certain residual water content, so that the shaped bodies have the mechanical properties required for the purpose according to the invention.
- the pellets too dry, there is an increased risk of breakage in the fall, which can hinder the penetration of Inertkorns in the gusset massively.
- the pellets may burst because the absorption of water can lead to immediate and possibly uncontrolled swelling with the build-up of a corresponding swelling pressure. Therefore, depending on the material used, residual water contents of preferably less than 20 wt .-%, in particular less than 18 wt .-%, to strive for.
- the residual water content should preferably not fall below 10% by weight and in particular 8% by weight, since this is in addition to the above-mentioned. adverse properties may lead to too dry material.
- the second component of the closure material according to the invention is a so-called inert gusset filling for filling the gussets, which, as stated above, would form in a single-grain bed of the shaped bodies according to the invention. Under gusset one understands the cavity between the particles of a heap.
- the inert gusset filling is a highly flowable inert material. This inert material is preferably of a rolling grain, so that it can penetrate particularly well into the cavities or gussets formed by the shaped bodies or pellets and can completely fill them.
- inert materials having a maximum particle size of up to 1 mm, in particular having a maximum particle size of less than 0.25 mm.
- the largest grain of a corolla (Dmax) is the denomination of the largest grain of the coarsest grain group.
- Highly advantageous inert materials of rolling granulation with a narrow grain gradation between 0.25 mm and 0.1 mm are very advantageous.
- Such materials are commercially available, eg quartz sand plant Haltern H 35 S the company Quarzwerke GmbH, Frechen. This consists of more than 99 wt .-% of SiO 2 , has an average grain size of 0.17 mm with 98 wt .-% of the grains in the range of 0.09 to 0.25 mm.
- coarser inert materials (larger largest grain size, wider grain grading) can also be used.
- the inert gusset material thus preferably consists of fine sand, in particular quartz sand.
- the following substance classes are suitable with appropriate grain size and distribution as Zwickelfüllung invention: inert metal oxides and silicates, such as oxides of spinel or Felds Georgte, but also all other inorganic minerals, which pose no threat due to their water insolubility in terms of long-term safety of the building , Increased water solubility as an exclusion criterion would for example be the case with most carbonates or sulfates with the exception of barite.
- the selection of suitable materials depends on the requirements of the closure structure, which are significantly dependent on the conditions of the construction site.
- the gusset filling (bed 2) in addition to the inert fine material, e.g. in the form of sand, also containing correspondingly fine-grained cohesive material according to bed 1 (for example smectite-group minerals or pure bentonite-fine granules).
- bed 1 for example smectite-group minerals or pure bentonite-fine granules
- the method according to the invention for producing a closure construction particularly preferably includes the installation of the closure material in the form of a prefabricated mixture by blowing this mixture (blown offset), e.g. from a silo truck with built-in or separate blowing device.
- composition of this mixture of bed 1 (moldings / pellets) and bed 2 (inert gusset filling, eg sand) is preferably dimensioned so that, starting from the theoretical cavity filling or between the pellets forming cavity, the proportion of moldings always something is. This has the consequence that after completed installation of the mixture inert gusset filling can be poured to fill up last remaining gusset. In doing so, we suppress the formation of lenses made of gusset material (eg, sand lenses) that form a higher water permeability could result.
- the advantages of the method according to the invention are, in particular, that one can install the closure structures in an extremely short construction period, no (or significantly reduced) man-days on site (underground) are necessary because the closure material is spent immediately to the site, especially by the Method of blowing offset.
- inventive method closure structures coupealing layer thicknesses or plugs in any thickness, eg with layer thicknesses of 5 m) produced without interrupting construction or working underground. A compaction of the closure material on site can be omitted.
- closure materials according to the invention can be arbitrarily dimensioned sealing structures with, depending on the material used, the desired water permeabilities k f generate. Even with a simple camber offset, installation densities of greater than 1.7 t / m 3 can be achieved, which can be increased to values of up to and greater than 1.9 t / m 3 due to the advantageous blowing offset.
- Fields of application are generally the closing of cavities underground, as is necessary, for example, in the (final) storage of toxic and radioactive materials, the screening of parts of a mining district against inflowing surface water and / or pressurized groundwater; ie generally the creation of hydraulic barriers.
- the method and the associated material concept are not only shaft closures but also for the construction of dam structures in lines suitable.
- the advantage of Blasversatzes results under the ridges. In conventional construction methods, compaction under the roof is not possible.
- the invention thus encompasses the use of the described materials, separately or as a prefabricated mixture, for the production of closure structures, a process for the production of closure structures using the materials according to the invention and closure structures, which can be produced with the materials mentioned and according to the described process.
- a mixture of 30% by weight of the described quartz sand H 35 S and 70% by weight of highly compressed pellets consisting of pure bentonite is produced.
- the sand has a density (grain density) according to DIN EN ISO 787-10 of 2.65 g / cm 3 (t / m 3 ).
- the pellets have the following dimensions: diameter 10 mm, production-dependent between 5 and 15 mm, a grain density (dry bulk density) of 2.1 g / cm 3 , a swelling volume of 400 ml (upper edge of the swollen pellets in a 500 ml wide-mouth beaker at 100 g of pellets) and an Enslin-Neff water absorption of 370%.
- This mixture is filled into a silo truck and blown the material about 350 meters out of the silo train via a blow pipe in an underground test. It is about 300 m vertically and about 30 m horizontally above ground and about 20 m horizontally underground. In the experiment, a bucket is buried directly in a track end and exposed to the flow.
- the table also shows the already described partial grain destruction of the pellets in a comparison of the particle size distribution of the starting mixture and the blown material.
- fine-grained cohesive material here bentonite
- the binary mixture according to the invention in accordance with exemplary embodiment 1 is installed in multiple layers by means of blast displacement in alternating storage with sand layers.
- 786.94 t of material are installed here for a total volume of 456.54 m 3 .
- the density achieved is thus 1.72 t / m 3 due to loose cinder without subsequent compaction on site.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL14181512T PL2843190T3 (pl) | 2013-09-02 | 2014-08-20 | Konstrukcja zamykająca oraz sposób i materiały do jej wytwarzania |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013109521.6A DE102013109521A1 (de) | 2013-09-02 | 2013-09-02 | Verschlussbauwerk und Verfahren und Materialien zu dessen Herstellung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2843190A2 true EP2843190A2 (fr) | 2015-03-04 |
EP2843190A3 EP2843190A3 (fr) | 2016-08-03 |
EP2843190B1 EP2843190B1 (fr) | 2018-01-31 |
Family
ID=51357847
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14181512.6A Active EP2843190B1 (fr) | 2013-09-02 | 2014-08-20 | Construction de fermeture et procédé et matériaux pour sa fabrication |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2843190B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102013109521A1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2843190T3 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018124217B3 (de) | 2018-10-01 | 2019-05-16 | Stephan Schmidt Kg | Verwendung von Formkörpern aus Bentonit zur Herstellung von Schachtverschlüssen |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10149972C1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-08-22 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Verschlussstopfen und Verfahren zum Verschließen von untertätigen Hohlräumen |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9026682D0 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1991-01-23 | Walker Bryan J | Lightweight aggregate |
DE4307196C2 (de) * | 1993-03-08 | 1995-01-05 | Gsf Forschungszentrum Umwelt | Fugenmörtel zum Bau von Querschnittsabdichtungen im Salz und dessen Verwendung |
DE19856640C2 (de) * | 1998-12-03 | 2001-12-06 | P D Glas Und Feuerfestwerke We | Bergbau-Formstein zur Herstellung langzeitstabiler untertägiger Verschlußelemente für untertägige Hohlräume |
-
2013
- 2013-09-02 DE DE102013109521.6A patent/DE102013109521A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-08-20 PL PL14181512T patent/PL2843190T3/pl unknown
- 2014-08-20 EP EP14181512.6A patent/EP2843190B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10149972C1 (de) | 2001-10-10 | 2002-08-22 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Verschlussstopfen und Verfahren zum Verschließen von untertätigen Hohlräumen |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018124217B3 (de) | 2018-10-01 | 2019-05-16 | Stephan Schmidt Kg | Verwendung von Formkörpern aus Bentonit zur Herstellung von Schachtverschlüssen |
EP3633143A1 (fr) * | 2018-10-01 | 2020-04-08 | Stephan Schmidt KG | Procédé et matériaux de fabrication d'une construction de fermeture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2843190T3 (pl) | 2018-09-28 |
DE102013109521A1 (de) | 2015-03-05 |
EP2843190B1 (fr) | 2018-01-31 |
EP2843190A3 (fr) | 2016-08-03 |
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