EP2838997A1 - Nadp-abhängige alanindehydrogenase - Google Patents
Nadp-abhängige alanindehydrogenaseInfo
- Publication number
- EP2838997A1 EP2838997A1 EP13721283.3A EP13721283A EP2838997A1 EP 2838997 A1 EP2838997 A1 EP 2838997A1 EP 13721283 A EP13721283 A EP 13721283A EP 2838997 A1 EP2838997 A1 EP 2838997A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- amino acid
- cell
- alanine
- polypeptide
- nadp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/06—Alanine; Leucine; Isoleucine; Serine; Homoserine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0012—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
- C12N9/0014—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (1.4)
- C12N9/0016—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (1.4) with NAD or NADP as acceptor (1.4.1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/24—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carbonyl group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y104/00—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (1.4)
- C12Y104/01—Oxidoreductases acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (1.4) with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor (1.4.1)
- C12Y104/01001—Alanine dehydrogenase (1.4.1.1)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) from Bacillus subtilis or a variant thereof, wherein Leu197 or an amino acid located at a homologous position in the amino acid sequence is replaced by a positively charged amino acid, encoding a nucleic acid molecule
- a polypeptide and a process for the production of alanine or a compound resulting in the consumption of alanine comprising the step of reacting pyruvate with ammonium and NADPH to alanine by contacting with the polypeptide or the cell according to the invention.
- Amines are used as synthesis building blocks for a large number of products of the chemical industry, such as epoxy resins, polyurethane foams, isocyanates and, in particular, polyamides.
- the latter represent a class of polymers characterized by repeating amide groups.
- polyamides unlike the chemically related proteins, usually refers to synthetic, commercially available, thermoplastics derived from primary amines or secondary amines that can be obtained from alkanes derived from the cracking of fossil hydrocarbons
- derivatives of amines more particularly aminocarboxylic acid, lactams and diamines, can also be used for the preparation of amide-based polymers of interest are also short-chain, gaseous alkanes as starting materials, which can be obtained from renewable raw materials by means of biotechnological processes and then aminated.
- polyamide 6 can be obtained by polymerizing ⁇ -caprolactam and "polyamide 12" by polymerizing laurolactam.
- Other commercially interesting products include copolymers of lactam, e.g. B. Copolymers of ⁇ -caprolactam and laurolactam.
- the conventional chemical-technical production of amines is dependent on the supply of fossil fuels, inefficient, and there are large amounts of unwanted by-products, in some steps of synthesis up to 80%.
- An example of such a process is the production of laurolactam, which is conventionally obtained by trimerization of butadiene.
- trimerization product cyclododecatriene is hydrogenated and the resulting cyclododecane is oxidized to cyclodecanone, which is then reacted with hydroxylamine to cyclododecanoxine, which is finally converted via a Beckmann rearrangement to laurolactam.
- International Patent Application PCT / EP 2008/067447 describes a biological system for producing ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acids using a cell which has a number of suitable enzymatic activities and is capable of converting carboxylic acids to corresponding ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acid.
- the cell has the AlkBGT oxidase system from Pseudomonas putida GP01, which oxidizes the ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acid first to ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid and then to the aldehyde. This is followed by amination of the oxidation product by a likewise expressed transaminase.
- EP 1 1 174729.1 and EP 1 1006458.1 describe processes for the preparation of amines starting from alkanes or alcohols, which are characterized in that the alcohol or the alkane hydroxylated to the alcohol in a first process step is oxidized by an alcohol dehydrogenase and NAD + is consumed Aldehyde or ketone and then under by a transaminase with consumption of alanine as amine donor to the amine.
- the spent alanine can be replaced by a present Alanine dehydrogenase can be regenerated with consumption of pyruvate and ammonium, so that no total supply of alanine is required.
- alanine dehydrogenases described in the literature, alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis and variants thereof are suitable for such a process.
- a particular disadvantage of this group of alanine dehydrogenases is that they are NADH-dependent, that is to say they consume a different reduced redox factor than that which the numerous biotechnologically proven NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases generate in the oxidation of the alcohol.
- the object underlying the invention is to provide a redox-neutral enzyme system for the amination of alcohols, ie a system comprising enzymes which do not supply externally produced NAD + or NADPH to catalyze the conversion from alcohol to amine while regenerating the alanine or other redox factors.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an alanine dehydrogenase which is suitable for the enzymatically catalyzed conversion of the alcohol to the amine in the presence of NADPH and the reaction with the highest possible turnover number, d. H. the number of substrate molecules reacted per second, catalyzed.
- a further object underlying the invention is to modify the alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis such that the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to alanine with higher affinity for NADPH as substrate and the affinity of the enzyme to NADPH is preferably higher than that NADH, more preferably without there being a significant reduction in the turnover number relative to the turnover number of the wild-type enzyme.
- Another object underlying the invention is to provide a redox-neutral, for a one-pot reaction under mild reaction conditions, d. H. especially those without extreme temperatures or pH values and in the absence of heavy metals containing catalysts or other toxic compounds to provide a suitable system for the amination of alcohols.
- a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis or a variant thereof, wherein Leu197 or an amino acid located at a homologous position in the amino acid sequence is replaced by an amino acid with a positively charged side chain ,
- the problem is solved in a first embodiment of the first aspect by a polypeptide, wherein the amino acid with positively charged side chain is arginine.
- the problem is solved in a second embodiment of the first aspect, which is also an embodiment of the first aspect, by a polypeptide wherein in addition Asp196 or an amino acid located at a homologous position in the amino acid sequence is replaced by an amino acid with a neutral or positively charged side chain.
- the problem is solved in a third embodiment of the first aspect, which is also an embodiment of the first to second aspects, by a polypeptide, wherein the amino acid with neutral or positively charged side chain is an amino acid from the group consisting of alanine, Glycine, serine and cysteine, preferably alanine.
- the problem is solved in a fourth embodiment of the first aspect, which is also an embodiment of the first to second aspects, by a polypeptide which is the polypeptide shown in SEQ ID NO 1.
- nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence coding for the polypeptide according to the first aspect and its embodiments.
- nucleic acid molecule which is the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO 2.
- the problem underlying the invention is solved in a third aspect by a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule according to the second aspect and its embodiments.
- the problem underlying the invention is solved in a fourth aspect by a cell comprising the polypeptide according to the first aspect, the nucleic acid molecule according to the second aspect or the vector according to the third aspect and the respective embodiments.
- the problem is solved in a first embodiment of the fourth aspect by a cell further expressing an NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase.
- the problem is solved in a second embodiment of the fourth aspect, which is also an embodiment of the first aspect, by a cell according to the fourth aspect or the first embodiment of the fourth aspect, further expressing a transaminase.
- the problem underlying the invention is solved in a fourth aspect by a process for producing alanine or a compound resulting from the consumption of alanine, comprising the step c) reacting pyruvate with ammonium and NADPH to alanine by contacting with the polypeptide according to the first aspect or with the cell according to the second aspect or one of the respective embodiments.
- the problem is solved in a first embodiment of the fourth aspect by methods further comprising a) reacting a primary or secondary alcohol to the aldehyde or ketone by contacting with an NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase in the presence of NADP + .
- a second embodiment of the fourth aspect which is also an embodiment of the first aspect, by a method further comprising b) reacting the aldehyde or ketone produced in step a) to the amine by contacting with a transaminase in the presence of alanine.
- a third embodiment of the fourth aspect which is also an embodiment of the first to second aspects, by a method wherein steps a), b) and c) occur in the same reaction mixture, preferably simultaneously.
- the problem is solved in a further embodiment of the third or fourth aspect or an embodiment of the third or fourth aspect by a cell or a method, wherein the cell comprises all enzymes from the group comprising the polypeptide according to one of claims 1 to 5, the NADP + dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and the transaminase expressed intracellularly localized.
- NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase is an NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from the group comprising Alcohol dehydrogenases from E. coli (YjgB, database code ZP_071 17674, and a YahK, database code BAE76108.1) and the alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia sp. (SEQ ID NO: 3), preferably the alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia sp. (SEQ ID NO: 5) or variants thereof.
- the NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase is an NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from the group comprising Alcohol dehydrogenases from E. coli (YjgB, database code ZP_071 17674, and a YahK, database code BAE76108.1) and the alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia sp. (SEQ ID NO: 3), preferably the alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia
- the transaminase is a transaminase from the group comprising the transaminases from Chromobacterium violaceum (database code NP_901695) , Pseudomonas putida (database code YP_001668026.1 or YP_001671460) and Rhodobacter sphaeroides (strain ATCC 17023, database code YP_353455) and variants thereof, preferably the transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (database code NP_901695).
- the transaminase is a transaminase from the group comprising the transaminases from Chromobacterium violaceum (database code NP_901695) , Pseudomonas putida (database code YP_001668026.1 or YP_001671460) and Rhodobacter sphaeroides (strain ATCC 1702
- the present invention is based on the surprising discovery of the inventors that an enzyme system comprising an alcohol dehydrogenase, preferably an NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, a transaminase and a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis or a variant thereof, wherein Leu197 or homologous Position in the amino acid sequence located amino acid is replaced by an amino acid with a positively charged side chain, can be used to redoxneutral catalyze the amination of an alcohol.
- an enzyme system comprising an alcohol dehydrogenase, preferably an NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, a transaminase and a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis or a variant thereof, wherein Leu197 or homologous Position in the amino acid sequence located amino acid is replaced by an amino acid with a positively charged side chain
- the present invention is based on the surprising finding of the inventors that the affinity of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of Bacillus subtilis alanine dehydrogenase can be increased to NADPH by Leu197 or an amino acid located at a homologous position in the amino acid sequence against a positively charged amino acid Although the side chain is replaced and the enzyme still remains catalytically active and capable of catalyzing the reaction with high turnover number.
- the invention relates to a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis or a variant thereof, wherein Leu197 or an amino acid located at a homologous position in the amino acid sequence is replaced by an amino acid having a positively charged side chain.
- This polypeptide is listed in the sequence listing under SEQ ID NO 1.
- the term "alanine dehydrogenase” as used herein means an enzymatically-active polypeptide which inhibits the conversion of pyruvate while consuming ammonium and NADH or NADPH, preferably NADPH, to alanine and NAD + or NADP + , preferably NADP + , catalyzed.
- the teaching of the invention can be carried out not only using the exact amino acid or nucleic acid sequences or to the exact amino acid or nucleic acid sequences of the biological macromolecules described herein, for example the alanine dehydrogenase described under database code L20916, but also using or to variants of such macromolecules that can be obtained by deletion, addition or substitution of one or more amino acids or nucleic acids.
- the term "variant" of a nucleic acid sequence or amino acid sequence hereinafter synonymous and interchangeable with the term “homologue” as used herein, means another nucleic acid or amino acid sequence that is unique with respect to the corresponding original wild-type nucleic acid sequence.
- homology here used as identity, of 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 99% or more percent, preferably other than the catalytically active center forming amino acids or for the structure or folding of essential amino acids are deleted or substituted or the latter are only conservatively substituted, for example, a glutamate by an aspartate or a leucine by a valine.
- the prior art describes algorithms that can be used to calculate the extent of homology of two sequences, e.g. B. Arthur Lesk (2008), Introduction to bioinformatics, 3 rd edition.
- the variant of an amino acid or nucleic acid sequence preferably in addition to the sequence homology mentioned above, has essentially the same enzymatic activity of the wild-type molecule or the original molecule.
- a variant of a polypeptide enzymatically active as an alanine dehydrogenase has the same or substantially the same proteolytic activity, ie, the ability to catalyze the conversion of pyruvate, ammonium, and NAD (P) H, preferably NADPH, to alanine.
- the term "substantially the same enzymatic activity” means an activity with respect to the substrates of the wild-type polypeptide that is significantly above the background activity and / or around less than 3, more preferably 2, more preferably an order of magnitude different from the K M and / or k cat values exhibited by the wild-type polypeptide with respect to the same substrates.
- the term “variant" of a nucleic acid or amino acid sequence comprises at least one active part or fragment of the nucleic acid or amino acid sequence
- the term “active part” as used herein means an amino acid sequence or a nucleic acid sequence that is less than the full length of the amino acid sequence or encodes less than full length of the amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence or the encoded amino acid sequence of lesser length than the wild-type amino acid sequence has substantially the same enzymatic activity as the wild-type polypeptide or a variant thereof.
- the term "variant" of a nucleic acid comprises a nucleic acid whose complementary strand binds to the wild-type nucleic acid, preferably under stringent conditions
- the stringency of the hybridization reaction is readily determinable by a person skilled in the art and generally depends on the length of the probe In general, longer probes require higher temperatures for hybridization, whereas shorter probes can cope with low temperatures. Whether hybridization takes place generally depends on the ability of denatured DNA to anneal to complementary strands The stringency of the hybridization reaction and corresponding conditions are described in more detail in Ausubel et al., 1995.
- Hybridization takes place in a preferred embodiment under stringent conditions, that is, only hybrids are formed in which the probe and target sequence, ie the polynucleotides treated with the probe, are at least 70% identical. It is known that the stringency of the hybridization including the washing steps is influenced or determined by varying the buffer composition, the temperature and the salt concentration.
- the hybridization reaction is generally performed at relatively low stringency compared to the washing steps (Hybaid Hybridization Guide, Hybaid Limited, Teddington, UK, 1996).
- a buffer corresponding to 5 ⁇ SSC buffer at a temperature of about 50 ° C.-68 ° C. can be used for the hybridization reaction.
- This can be probes also hybridize to polynucleotides having less than 70% identity to the sequence of the probe. Such hybrids are less stable and are removed by washing under stringent conditions.
- Temperature ranges of about 64 ° C - 68 ° C or about 66 ° C - 68 ° C are preferred. It may be possible to lower the salt concentration to a concentration corresponding to 0.2 ⁇ SSC or 0.1 ⁇ SSC.
- polynucleotide fragments can be isolated, for example, in order of increasing preference at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90%, at least 91% , at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identity to the sequence of the nucleic acid molecule used.
- kits eg DIG Easy Hyb from Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany, Catalog No. 1603558.
- variant of a nucleic acid as used herein includes any nucleic acid sequence encoding the same amino acid sequence as the original nucleic acid or a variant of that amino acid sequence in the context of degeneracy of the genetic code.
- alanine dehydrogenase used by Bacillus subtilis does not comprise the wild-type sequence of the enzyme, but a sequence in which Leu197 or an amino acid located at a homologous position in the amino acid sequence is replaced by an amino acid with a positively charged side chain.
- the term "homologous position" as used herein means that the corresponding position appears homologous to the X-position amino acid sequence of the alanine dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis in an alignment of the molecule under study. Numerous software packages and algorithms are known to those skilled in the art.
- amino acid or "alanine” is understood to mean a proteinogenic L-amino acid or L-alanine, ie an amino acid which is universally used in the nature of organisms for the production of polypeptides.
- amino acid like all the compounds mentioned in this application, also encompasses all crystal, salt or similar forms of the corresponding compound
- histidine also comprises the salt of protonated histidine and a chloride ion.
- the term "inorganic nitrogen source” as used herein means an inorganic nitrogen-containing salt which comprises ammonium or can be converted to ammonium in the metabolism of the cell Examples include ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium phosphate, In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of ammonium in the medium is 0.05 to 5, more preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.5 to 3 g / L.
- the inorganic nitrogen source of the cell is provided in accordance with the invention, that the appropriate compound is added in sufficient quantity to the aqueous phase in which the reaction proceeds.
- Amino acids with a positively charged side chain include the amino acids arginine, lysine and histidine, preferably arginine and lysine, most preferably arginine.
- Possible polypeptides according to the invention have, for example, the mutations Leu197Arg, Leu197Lys and Leu197His.
- the teaching according to the invention expressly also comprises alanine dehydrogenases from organisms other than Bacillus subtilis, provided that they belong to the group of the variants of the alanine dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis.
- the teaching according to the invention also comprises a polypeptide which, in addition to the above-mentioned replacement at the position of the Leu197, has another exchange at the position Asp196 or at a homologous position, namely against an amino acid with a neutral or positive charged side chain.
- neutral side chain amino acids include the group comprising glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, isoleucine, serine, cysteine, threonine, glutamine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline and asparagine.
- amino acids having a positively charged side chain include the group comprising arginine, lysine and histidine, preferably arginine and lysine.
- Nucleic acid molecules according to the invention comprise all unmodified or modified DNA and RNA molecules comprising a nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide according to the invention.
- the person skilled in the art is familiar with standard methods of molecular biology or synthetic chemistry by means of which such nucleic acid molecules can be prepared, for example the polymerase chain reaction or solid-phase synthesis.
- the nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule which comprises or represents the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO 2.
- the teaching according to the invention can be carried out both using an isolated polypeptide, nucleic acid molecule or vector according to the invention and using a cell according to the invention as a whole-cell catalyst.
- the term "whole cell catalyst" as used herein means an intact, viable, and metabolically active cell that provides a desired enzymatic activity
- the whole cell catalyst can be the substrate to be metabolized, in the case of the present invention, the alcohol or the
- the resulting oxidation product may either be transported inside the cell where it is metabolized by cytosolic enzymes, or it may present the enzyme of interest on its surface where it is directly exposed to substrates in the medium. for example from DE 60216245.
- the cell expresses the polypeptide according to the invention with NADPH-dependent alanine dehydrogenase activity, the transaminase and / or the NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase intracellularly, ie the jewe
- the active enzyme is permanently localized inside the cell, in particular in the cytosol of the cell or as a membrane or membrane-anchored protein which protrudes into the cytosol of the cell.
- the cell used as the whole-cell catalyst or in the cell used as the expression system is a prokaryotic cell, preferably a bacterial cell. In a further preferred embodiment, it is a mammalian cell. In a further preferred embodiment, it is a lower one eukaryotic cell, preferably a yeast cell.
- Exemplary prokaryotic cells include Escherichia, especially Escherichia coli, and strains of the genus Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium.
- Exemplary lower eukaryotic cells include the genera Saccharomyces, Candida, Pichia, Yarrowia, Schizosaccharomyces, especially the strains Candida tropicalis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerivisiae.
- the whole-cell catalyst in some substrates, especially those with long alkyl chains, the entry of the molecule into the interior of the whole-cell catalyst for the production of the desired substance may be limiting.
- the whole-cell catalyst in the case of long-chain alkanes and alcohols, it is preferable that the whole-cell catalyst has an AlkL polypeptide.
- an "AlkL polypeptide” as used herein is a polypeptide having a length of 230 consecutive amino acids of at least 80, preferably 90, more preferably 90% sequence identity to Pseudomonas putida AlkL (Database code CAB69081), and preferably has the ability to assist in the import of long-chain alkanes into the interior of a cell.
- an "AlkL family polypeptide” as used herein is an outer membrane of a Gram-negative bacterium localized polypeptide having the sequence motif DXWAPAXQ (V / A) GXR, wherein X represents a proteinogenic amino acid, and preferably additionally Pseudomonas putida AlkL (database code CAB69081) or a variant thereof.
- Exemplary members of the AlkL family include Pseudomonas putida AlkL (database code CAB69081), Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8 (database code YP_957722), Oceanicaulis alexandrii HTCC2633 (database code ZP_00953584), Marinobacter manganoxydans Mnl7-9 (database code ZP_09158756), Caulobacter sp. K31 (database code YP_001672217), Pseudomonas oleovorans (database code Q00595) and variants thereof.
- the enzymatically active polypeptides used according to the invention may each also be a preparation of the polypeptide according to the invention in all purification stages, from the crude lysate to the isolated polypeptide.
- the cell may contain one or more than one nucleic acid sequence coding for an enzyme used according to the invention on a plasmid or integrated into its genome.
- polypeptides for the expression of the polypeptides all expression systems available to the person skilled in the art can be used, for example vectors of the type pET or pGEX. Purification can be carried out by chromatographic methods, for example the affinity chromatographic purification of a tagged recombinant protein using immobilized ligands, for example a nickel ion in the case of a histidine tag, of immobilized glutathione in the case of glutathione S-transferase fused to the target protein or immobilized maltose in the case of a tag comprising maltose-binding protein.
- immobilized ligands for example a nickel ion in the case of a histidine tag
- the term "isolated" means that the enzyme is in a purer and / or more concentrated form than in its natural source
- the enzyme is considered isolated if it is a polypeptide enzyme and more than 60, 70, 80, 90 or preferably 95% of the mass protein content of the corresponding preparation
- numerous methods for measuring the mass of a protein in a solution for example the visual estimation based on the thickness of corresponding protein bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, NMR Spectroscopy or mass spectrometry based methods.
- the purified enzymatically active polypeptides can be used either in soluble form or immobilized.
- the person skilled in the art is familiar with suitable methods by which polypeptides can be immobilized covalently or noncovalently on organic or inorganic solid phases, for example by sulfhydryl coupling chemistry (for example Pierce kits).
- the enzymes used according to the invention are preferably recombinant enzymes.
- the term "recombinant" as used herein means that the corresponding nucleic acid molecule is not naturally occurring and / or produced using genetic engineering methods A protein, when the corresponding polypeptide is encoded by a recombinant nucleic acid
- a recombinant cell as used herein is a Understood cell having at least one recombinant nucleic acid or a recombinant polypeptide.
- suitable methods for producing recombinant molecules or cells for example, in Sambrook / Fritsch / Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2 nd edition described.
- an aqueous phase d. H. an aqueous culture or reaction medium suitable for at least temporarily maintaining or culturing the cell or the activity of the polypeptide of the invention.
- aqueous culture media which are suitable for the maintenance or cultivation of cells, in particular biotechnologically significant cells. These include both full media such as LB medium, minimal media such as M9 media and selective media, for example those which contain a high salt concentration and therefore only allow the growth of halophilic or at least halotolerant organisms.
- aqueous phase as used herein is understood to mean a water-based reaction or culture medium substantially immiscible with hydrophobic solvents, with respect to all relevant factors, in particular pH, salinity and temperature
- the pH is of the aqueous culture medium at the time of contacting between 4 to 9, more preferably between 4.5 to 8.5, most preferably between 6.5 and 7.5
- the temperature is between 5 and 42 ° C, more preferably between 15 and 40 ° C, on b preferably between 20 and 37 ° C.
- enzymes require the presence of all necessary substrates.
- the activity of alanine dehydrogenase requires the presence of the substrates ammonium, a suitable reduced redox factor, and pyruvate.
- a suitable aqueous solution is required for the activity of enzymes, ie a solution which, with regard to the necessary buffer present, pH, temperature, salt concentration, the presence of necessary cofactors or activity-promoting or -supporting further Polypeptides and other relevant factors is suitable for at least temporarily maintaining the activity of the enzyme.
- the cell according to the invention expresses an NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase.
- the term "alcohol dehydrogenase” as used herein means an enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde or ketone to the corresponding primary, secondary or other alcohol, examples of which include the NADP + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenases from E. coli (YjgB, database code ZP_071 17674, and a YahK, database code BAE76108.1) and the alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia sp. (SEQ ID NO: 5) as well as the respective variants thereof In a particularly preferred embodiment it is the alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia sp. (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- the cell according to the invention expresses a transaminase.
- transaminase refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of amino groups from a donor, preferably an amino acid, to an acceptor molecule, preferably a ketocarboxylic acid.
- the transaminase is selected from the group comprising the Chromobacterium violaceum ⁇ -transaminase (database code NP_901695), Pseudomonas putida (database code YP_001668026), Pseudomonas putida (database code YP_001668026.1 or YP_001671460), Rhodobacter sphaeroides (strain ATCC 17023, database code YP_353455) and variants and preferably the transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (database code NP_901695).
- the Chromobacterium violaceum ⁇ -transaminase database code NP_901695
- Pseudomonas putida database code YP_001668026
- Pseudomonas putida database code YP_001668026.1 or YP_00
- the conditions are compatible with the viability of the at least one cell used as a whole-cell catalyst for a longer reaction time.
- the skilled person can standard works, For example, Fuchs / Schlegel (2007) General Microbiology, 2008, Georg Thieme Verlag, conditions and solutions that allow the preservation of such cells in a viable state.
- the process according to the invention can be applied to a large number of industrially relevant alcohols.
- this is an ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid or an ester, preferably methyl ester, thereof, which is or are oxidized to an ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acid and aminated.
- it is a diol which is oxidized to a diamine and aminated.
- the primary alcohol is a hydroxyalkylamine.
- the length of the carbon chain is variable and x is at least 3.
- Exemplary compounds include ⁇ -hydroxy lauric acid, ⁇ -hydroxy lauric acid methyl ester, and alkane diols, especially 1,8-octane diol and 1,10-decane diol.
- ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids preferably those which can be oxidized to the ⁇ -ketocarboxylic acids, ie those of the formula R s -C (OH) H-COOH, which in turn can be converted by amination to the proteinogenic amino acids, including in particular essential amino acids such as methionine and lysine.
- R s is a substituent selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, - (CH 2 ) 4 -NH 2 , - (CH 2 ) 3 -NH-NH-NH 2 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -S-CH 3 , -CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -CH 2 - (1H-indol-3-yl), -CH (OH) -CH 3 , Is -CH 2 -phenyl, -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -CH 3 .
- Other secondary alcohols include 2-alkanols, e.g. B.
- secondary polyhydric alcohols for example alkanediols such as ethanediol, alkanetriols such as glycerol and pentaerythritol into consideration.
- cycloalkanols preferably cyclohexanol and bis (p-hydroxycyclohexyl) methane, the alcohols of the group H 3 C - C (OH) H - (CH 2 ) X - R 4 , where R 4 is selected from the group consisting of OH, -SH, - NH 2 and -COOR 5 , x is at least 3 and R 5 is selected from the group comprising H, alkyl and aryl.
- the length of the carbon chain is variable in the case of alcohols of the formula alcohols of H 3 C - C (OH) H - (CH 2 ) X - R 4 and x is at least 3.
- Numerous secondary alcohols are commercially available and can be used directly in commercial form.
- the secondary alcohol can be biotechnologically generated beforehand or in situ, for example by hydroxylation of an alkane by suitable alkane oxidases, preferably monooxygenases.
- R 4 is in the case of secondary alcohols of the formula H 3 C - C (OH) H - (CH 2)
- X - R 4 is selected from the group -OH, and -COOR comprises 5, x is at least 1 1 and R 5 is selected from the group comprising H, methyl, ethyl and propyl.
- the primary or secondary alcohol is a sugar alcohol, which in a preferred embodiment, as used herein, is understood to mean a carbohydrate having at least one hydroxy group. In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is a dicyclic sugar alcohol. In a preferred embodiment, as used herein, a "dicyclic sugar alcohol” is understood to mean a sugar alcohol which can form at least transiently two ring systems.
- a sugar alcohol is a dianhydrohexitol or a compound from the group comprising 1 , 4: 3,6-Dianhydro-D-mannitol, 1, 4: 3, 6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (isosorbide) and 1, 4: 3, 6-dianhydro-L-iditol.
- the cell according to the invention additionally expresses a monooxygenase or if the method according to the invention is extended by one step in which a monooxygenase hydroxylates an alkane.
- the monooxygenase is a monooxygenase from the AlkB family.
- AlkB represents an oxidoreductase from the alkBGT system from Pseudomonas putida, which is known for its hydroxylase activity. This is dependent on two other polypeptides, AlkG and AlkT.
- AlkT is characterized as a FAD-dependent rubredoxin reductase that transfers electrons from NADH to AlkG.
- AlkG is a rubredoxin, an iron-containing redox protein that acts as a direct electron donor for AlkB.
- alkoxy-based monooxygenase as used herein means a membrane-terminated alkane hydroxylase
- the term is used under the same term "Alkanhydroxylase of the alkB type" a polypeptide having a sequence homology of increasingly preferably at least 75, 80, 85, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 or 99% to the sequence of the AlkB of Pseudomonas putida Gpo1 (database code: CAB54050.1, this Database code and all other database codes used in this document are understood from NCBI's Genebank Protein Database in the release available on November 9, 201 1.
- sequence as used herein may refer to the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide and / or or the nucleic acid sequence coding therefor.
- the monooxygenase is cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of the CYP153 family.
- cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of the CYP153 family means a cytosolic oxidase which is part of a 3-component system which further comprises a ferredoxin and a ferredoxin reductase, with an alkane binding site and the In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is an enzyme having at least 80, preferably 90, most preferably 95 or 99 percent sequence identity to the CYP153 family cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (database code YP_691921).
- alkane hydroxylase activity means the ability to catalyze the hydroxylation of alkanes or unsubstituted linear alkyl radicals comprising at least five, preferably twelve, carbon radical groups.
- cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of the CYP153 family is understood to mean a non-membrane-bound oxidase which has a binding site for alkanes, unsubstituted linear alkyl radicals comprising at least five, preferably twelve carbon radical or monohydric alkanes and their polypeptide chain LL (I / L) (V / I) GGNDTTRN
- a "cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of the CYP153 family” as used herein is a CYP153 family cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (database code YP_691921) or a variant thereof, which preferably has alkane hydroxylase activity.
- the present application comprises a sequence listing with the following polypeptide (polyp) and nucleotide (DNA) sequences:
- the represented amino acid Asp196 of BasAlaDH corresponds to the amino acid Asp198 in the SheAlaDH or amino acid Asp198 in the MtAlaDH.
- the amino acid Leu197 of BasAlaDH corresponds to the amino acid Arg199 in the SheAlaDH or amino acid Ile199 in the MtAlaDH.
- the amino acid Asn198 of BasAlaDH corresponds to the amino acid Ser200 in the SheAlaDH or amino acid Asn200 of MtAlaDH.
- FIG. 2 shows the FMOC / HPLC analysis of the conversion of isosorbitol and ammonium salt catalysed by the three enzymes RasADH, pCR6 (L417M) and AlaDH (D196A / L197R) after 96 h. Shown are (a) the standards (1 mM each of the amino alcohols I, II, II and IV of FIG. 3 + 1 mM each of the diamines DAI, DAS and DAM), (b) those represented by RasADH, pCR6 (L417M) and AlaDH (D196A / L197R) catalyzed reaction after 96 h, (c) the control reaction as in (b) but without RasADH after 96 h.
- Fig. 3 shows the chemical formulas of the starting substrate isosorbitol (1, 4: 3,6-dianhydro-D-sorbitol (ol)), the stereoisomers of the aminoalcohol (I to IV) and the stereoisomeric forms of the final diamine product (DAI: 2 , 5-diamino-1,4: 3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-L-ldit (ol), DAS: 2,5-diamino-1,4: 3,6-dianhydro-2,5- Dideoxy-D-sorbitol (ol) and DAM: 2,5-diamino-1,4: 3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-mannitol (ol).
- DAI 2- , 5-diamino-1,4: 3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-L-ldit (ol)
- DAS 2,5-diamino-1,4: 3,6-dianhydro-2,5
- Figure 4 shows the yields of mono- and diamine from FMOC / HPLC analysis of RasADH, pCR6 (L417M) and AlaDH (D196A / L197R) catalyzed reaction of isosorbitol and ammonium acetate at different ammonium concentrations.
- Reaction conditions 300 mM isosorbitol, 2 mM NADP +, 100-300 mM NH 4 OAc, 5 mM L-alanine, 0.3 mM PLP, 132 ⁇ RasADH, 40 ⁇ PCR6 (L417M), 24 ⁇ AlaDH (D196A / L197R) in 25 mM Hepes / NaOH, pH 8.3; Incubation at 30 ° C.
- Example 1 Change in cosubstrate specificity of an alanine dehydrogenase by bioinformatic analysis and protein engineering
- AlDH L-alanine dehydrogenase
- BasAlaDH Bacillus subtilis
- MtAlaDH Like the enzyme from Bacillus subtilis, MtAlaDH has a redox factor specificity for NADH, whereas SheAlaDH, as the only known AlaDH, is capable of enzymatically converting both NADH and NADPH (Ashida et al. (2004) J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzyme. 30, 173-176).
- a structural superposition of the homology models of BasAlaDH and SheAlaDH with the Reference structure of MtAlaDH has been created with the program Chimera (version 1.5.3; URL: http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/ with the function "Matchmaker"; URL http: //www.cgl.ucsf.
- the Bacillus subtilis AlaDH gene (SEQ ID NO: 4) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the oligodeoxynucleotides AlaDHfw (SEQ ID NO: 11) and AlaDHrv (SEQ ID NO: 12) from the plasmid pUC18-AlaDH amplified, cut with the restriction enzyme Kpnl at the 3 'end and ligated with the expression vector pASK IBA35 (+) (IBA GmbH, Göttingen), which was cut with the restriction enzymes Ehel and Kpnl.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the resulting expression pASK-IBA35 (+) - AlaDH on which the BasAlaDH 6 tag is encoded with a N-terminal His was verified by analytical restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing.
- the plasmid coding for the enzyme variant D196A / L197R was generated by site-directed mutagenesis according to the QuikChange method using the oligodeoxynucleotides AlaDH_D196A / L197Rfw (SEQ ID NO: 13) and AlaDH_D196A / L197Rrv (SEQ ID NO: 14).
- the resulting Expression plasmid pASK-IBA35 (+) - AlaDH (D196A L197R) was verified by DNA sequencing.
- the culture was harvested and the cells were taken up in 40 mM Hepes / NaOH pH 7.5, 0.5 M NaCl and mechanically digested in a French-Press homogenizer (G. Heinemann, Schissebisch Gmünd).
- the clear supernatant was applied to a Zn 2+ loaded Chelating Sepharose TM Fast Flow column (2.8 ml bed volume, GE Healthcare, Kunststoff) and the His 6 -tag fused enzymes to a linear imidazole / HCl concentration gradient from 0 to 500 in 40 mM Hepes / NaOH pH 7.5, 0.5 M NaCl eluted.
- the elution fractions were concentrated by ultrafiltration and purified by gel filtration on Superdex200 (GE Healthcare) in the presence of 25 mM Hepes / NaOH pH 8.3.
- the Michaelis constant (K M ) and the turnover number (k cat ) of the two purified enzymes were determined for the cosubstrates NADH and NADPH by the reductive amination of pyruvate and the catalytic efficiency was calculated (k ca t / K M ) (Table 1) ,
- the enzyme assays were composed as follows:
- BasAlaDH wild type or double mutant D196A / L197R
- Table 1 K M and k cat values for the BasAlaDH-catalyzed reductive amination of pyruvate with NADH and NADPH, respectively.
- Example 2 Synthesis of mono- and diamines from isosorbitol and ammonium salts by coupled enzymatic reaction of an alcohol dehydrogenase, an aminotransferase and an alanine dehydrogenase
- the structural gene of the alcohol dehydrogenase from Ralstonia sp. (SEQ ID NO: 5) was amplified by PCR using the oligodeoxynucleotides ADHfw (SEQ ID NO: 15) and ADHrv (SEQ ID NO: 16) from the plasmid pEam-RasADH (Lavandera et al., (2008) J. Org. Chem 73, 6003-6005), cleaved with the restriction enzyme Kpn ⁇ at the 3 'end and finally ligated with the expression vector pASK-IBA35 (+) cut with the restriction enzymes Ehe1 and Kpn1.
- the gene of aminotransferase from Paracoccus denitrificans (SEQ ID NO: 17) was amplified by PCR using the oligodeoxynucleotides pCR6fw (SEQ ID NO: 18) and pCR6rv (SEQ ID NO: 19) from the plasmid pET21 a (+) - pCR6, with the restriction enzyme Hind ⁇ 'at the 3' end and finally ligated with the expression vector pASK-IBA35 (+), which was cut with the restriction enzymes Ehe ⁇ and Hind ⁇ .
- the plasmid coding for the enzyme variant L417M of aminotransferase was detected by means of site-directed mutagenesis of the plasmid pASK-IBA35 (+) - pCR6 the QuikChange method (Agilent, Waldbronn) using the oligodeoxynucleotides pCR6_L417Mfw (SEQ ID NO: 20) and pCR6_L417Mrv (SEQ ID NO: 21).
- the resulting expression plasmid pASK-IBA35 (+) - pCR6 (L417M) was verified by DNA sequencing.
- the culture was harvested and the cells were taken up in 40 mM Hepes / NaOH pH 7.5, 0.5 M NaCl and mechanically disrupted in a French-Press homogenizer.
- the clear supernatant was applied to a Zn 2+ -charged Chelating Sepharose TM Fast Flow column and the His 6 -tag fused enzymes to a linear imidazole / HCl concentration gradient from 0 to 500 mM in 40 mM Hepes / NaOH pH 7, 5, 0.5 M NaCl eluted.
- the elution fractions were concentrated by ultrafiltration and purified by gel filtration on Superdex200 in the presence of 25 mM Hepes / NaOH pH 8.3.
- the three purified enzymes were used directly for the amination of isosorbitol (1, 4: 3,6-dianhydro-D-sorbitol (ol)) with recycling of the redox factors NADP + and L-alanine.
- the enzyme test was composed as follows:
- Fig. 2 shows the chromatogram of the separation of the reaction mixture.
- product peaks were observed which, on the basis of the accompanying standards, correspond to the 6-amino-3-alcohol in the 4 possible stereoisomeric forms according to FIG. 3 (IV: 3S , 6S, III: 3R, 6R, I: 3S, 6R, II: 3R, 6S).
- 3S , 6S, III 3R, 6R, I: 3S, 6R, II: 3R, 6S.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13721283.3A EP2838997A1 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-04-16 | Nadp-abhängige alanindehydrogenase |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12164933.9A EP2653538A1 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | NADP-abhängige Alanindehydrogenase |
| EP13721283.3A EP2838997A1 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-04-16 | Nadp-abhängige alanindehydrogenase |
| PCT/EP2013/057855 WO2013156454A1 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-04-16 | Nadp-abhängige alanindehydrogenase |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP12164933.9A Withdrawn EP2653538A1 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | NADP-abhängige Alanindehydrogenase |
| EP13721283.3A Withdrawn EP2838997A1 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-04-16 | Nadp-abhängige alanindehydrogenase |
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| EP12164933.9A Withdrawn EP2653538A1 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2012-04-20 | NADP-abhängige Alanindehydrogenase |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150099282A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP2653538A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2015514407A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN104350147A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2013156454A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2602328A1 (de) | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-12 | Evonik Industries AG | Verfahren zur Oxidation von Alkanen unter Verwendung einer AlkB Alkan 1-Monooxygenase |
| EP2607479A1 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-26 | Evonik Industries AG | Biotechnologische Herstellung von Alkoholen und Derivaten davon |
| EP2647696A1 (de) | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-09 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur aeroben Herstellung von Alanin oder einer unter Verbrauch von Alanin entstehenden Verbindung |
| DE102012207921A1 (de) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | Evonik Industries Ag | Mehrstufiges Syntheseverfahren mit Synthesegas |
| ES2531144T3 (es) | 2012-09-07 | 2015-03-11 | Evonik Industries Ag | Composiciones curables a base de resinas epoxídicas sin alcohol bencílico |
| EP2746400A1 (de) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Evonik Industries AG | Herstellung von Aminen und Diaminen aus einer Carbonsäure oder Dicarbonsäure oder eines Monoesters davon |
| EP2746397A1 (de) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Evonik Industries AG | Herstellung von Omega-Aminofettsäuren |
| EP2759598A1 (de) | 2013-01-24 | 2014-07-30 | Evonik Industries AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alpha, omega-Alkandiol |
| EP2944697A1 (de) | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-18 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nylon |
| EP3390622B1 (de) | 2015-12-17 | 2020-05-13 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Genetisch modifizierte acetogene zelle |
| JP2019523271A (ja) | 2016-07-27 | 2019-08-22 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハーEvonik Degussa GmbH | N−アセチルホモセリン |
| JP6675519B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-04-01 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | D型アミノ酸脱水素酵素 |
| CN115404192B (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2024-10-08 | 北京化工大学 | 合成5-氨基-1-戊醇和1, 5-戊二醇的工程菌及应用 |
| CN119325504A (zh) * | 2022-06-03 | 2025-01-17 | 赢创运营有限公司 | 通过使用nadh依赖性脱氢酶生产胍基乙酸(gaa)的改良的生物技术方法 |
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| WO2002070645A2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-12 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Functional surface display of polypeptides |
| DE10312775B4 (de) * | 2003-03-21 | 2007-11-15 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren und Mikroorganismus zur mikrobiellen Herstellung von L-Alanin |
| DE102007060705A1 (de) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-06-18 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | ω-Aminocarbonsäuren oder ihre Lactame, herstellende, rekombinante Zellen |
| GB0818328D0 (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2008-11-12 | Isis Innovation | Novel enzyme |
| CN103827309A (zh) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-05-28 | 赢创德固赛有限公司 | 仲醇的氧化和胺化 |
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2012
- 2012-04-20 EP EP12164933.9A patent/EP2653538A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2013
- 2013-04-16 CN CN201380030225.5A patent/CN104350147A/zh active Pending
- 2013-04-16 WO PCT/EP2013/057855 patent/WO2013156454A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-04-16 US US14/395,666 patent/US20150099282A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-04-16 EP EP13721283.3A patent/EP2838997A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-04-16 JP JP2015506204A patent/JP2015514407A/ja active Pending
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| See also references of WO2013156454A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013156454A1 (de) | 2013-10-24 |
| US20150099282A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
| EP2653538A1 (de) | 2013-10-23 |
| CN104350147A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
| JP2015514407A (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
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