EP2835336B1 - Mechanical locking head - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a locking head for a crane boom comprising at least two telescopic sections.

For larger cranes and mobile cranes with telescopic jibs usually the individual telescopic shots of the boom for training or Einteleskopieren the boom by means of a Teleskopierzylinders be moved relative to each other. Such cranes with telescopic boom and a locking head are already out of the EP 0 943 580 B1 and EP 1 153 875 B1 known. The telescoping cylinder comprises for this purpose at the end at which the piston rod exits from the cylinder, a locking head, which can be moved by the telescoping cylinder in the longitudinal direction of the boom and essentially performs two functions. On the one hand, before the extension or retraction of the respective telescopic sections, the lock between the telescopic section to be moved and the next outer telescopic section must be released and locked again after extending or retracting. On the other hand, the respective telescopic section to be traversed must be coupled to the locking head and thus to the telescoping cylinder in such a way that an extension or retraction of the telescoping cylinder causes the respective telescopic section to retract or retract. It must be ensured that the respective telescopic section is coupled before releasing the lock with the next outer telescopic section with the locking head and is decoupled again after locking with the next outer telescopic section from the locking head.

From the EP 0 754 646 B1 a locking head is known in which to increase the reliability of hydraulic circuits are controlled by drivers who are set by the locking bolt to be moved, so that unlocking the telescopic shots is possible only when the driver on displacing telescopic section are set and, conversely, the release of the driver from the telescopic shifter to be relocated can only be done when the lock between two telescopic shots is done again.
From the DE 100 04 838 a locking head is known in which the coupling of the locking head by means of a first hydraulic cylinder and the lock between the individual telescopic shots is actuated by means of a second hydraulic cylinder. Thus, different power sources are available for the coupling device and the locking device.
The DE 198 24 672 shows a configured as a socket and slidable on the cylinder housing a piston-cylinder unit locking head. Relative to the locking head, a sliding piece with two guide grooves for actuating securing bolts and a perpendicular thereto and engaging in a further guide groove guide ring for actuating a telescopic bolt lock is arranged.

A locking head according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 10 2011 116083 A1 known.

It is the object of the present invention to increase the reliability of a locking head with minimal structural complexity. This object is achieved by the subject matter of the protection claim 1, wherein the dependent claims further develop the concept of the invention advantageous.
According to the present invention, the crane boom which extends inside and along the longitudinal axis of an at least two telescopic sections and a locking head which can be moved by means of a telescoping device comprises a base body, at least one unlocking device designed for unlocking a telescopic shot lock and at least one coupling device designed for coupling a telescope shot to the telescoping device , wherein the locking head a for actuating the unlocking device and the coupling device mechanically acting on the unlocking device and the coupling device actuator with a first link guide for the unlocking device and a second link guide for the Coupling device, wherein extending the scenes for the first and second link guide in a single plane or parallel planes. The first slotted guide and the second slotted guide form a positive guide acting in an actuating direction and in an opposite return direction on the unlocking device or the coupling device.

In other words, at least one unlocking device and at least one coupling device are mechanically actuated by means of one and the same actuating element of the locking head. The term "mechanical" is to be understood below that the actuator transmits forces to the unlocking device and the coupling device. For example, it is conceivable that there is solid contact between the actuating element and an unlocking device or a coupling device, ie, the actuating element acts directly on an unlocking device and / or a coupling device or at least indirectly via one or more dimensionally stable elements an unlocking device and / or a coupling device Forces applied. The actuator of the locking head according to the invention also acts both in an actuating direction and in an opposing return direction on the unlocking device and the coupling device. Thus, a kind of positive guidance for the unlocking device and the coupling device is provided with the actuator. The link guides each have at least one link and at least one guided in the backdrop element. The scenes extend according to the invention all in a single plane or at least in mutually parallel planes. It is conceivable that at least one of the guided in the scenes elements associated with the actuator or is firmly connected thereto. However, preference is given to an embodiment in which all scenes are assigned to the actuator, or in other words incorporated in this. The relative movements of the scenes and guided in them elements are also due to the parallelism of the backdrop levels also parallel to each other.
The telescoping device may, for example, have a hydraulic telescoping cylinder in order to move the locking head, in particular to the piston rod of the telecopying cylinder, but this is also the case any other suitable for this function means conceivable, for example, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators, in particular linear actuators. So it can also be used as electric, hydraulic or pneumatic motors as well as pneumatic cylinders.

Preferably, the main body of the locking head is fixedly coupled to the telescoping device or a Teleskopierzylinder, which in turn is coupled to a fixed base, such as the basic shot of the boom.

The actuator may consist of an integrally molded component. However, it is also possible that the actuating member comprises a plurality of parts which are fixedly connected to each other and thus form the actuating member.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the actuating member is designed to be movable relative to the main body of the locking head, wherein in particular a translational movement is preferred. However, it is also conceivable that the actuating member is designed to be rotationally movable relative to the main body of the locking head, wherein furthermore a combination of translational and rotational movement, ie a pivoting movement is conceivable. Thus, an actuation of the unlocking device and the coupling device can be effected by the movement of the actuating member relative to the main body of the locking head.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the unlocking device and / or the coupling device comprises at least one movable relative to the base body, in particular translationally guided guided element, by means of which the actuating member acts on the unlocking device or the coupling device. In other words, the main body has a guide for elements of the unlocking device and / or the coupling device, wherein the actuating member can act directly or indirectly on these elements to actuate the unlocking device and / or the coupling device.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the actuator should be designed so that the individual telescopic shots can only be unlocked from each other by means of the unlocking when the respective inner telescopic section is already firmly coupled by means of the coupling device to the locking head. On the other hand, the telescopic shots can only be decoupled from the locking head when they are already locked to the respective outer telescopic section. Thus, it is ensured by means of a single element, namely the actuator, that at no time a telescopic section is locked neither with a telescopic outer shell nor coupled to the locking head and thus "unsecured" is.

More preferably, the movably guided to the main body element of the unlocking device and / or the coupling device can be guided in a direction which is transverse, in particular perpendicular to the direction of movement of the actuating member.

Also, the unlocking of the locking head may comprise a hinged to the main body fixed support member which couples the movement of the movable guided element of the unlocking device with the movement of the telescopic weft lock. In particular, this articulated element can be a lever with which the movement of the movably guided element of the unlocking device is transferred into that of the telescopic-action lock. With such a lever, it is possible to couple the direction of movement of the movably guided element of the unlocking device and the direction of movement of the telescopic section lock, for example a translationally guided locking bolt, differing therefrom. Further, it is possible to provide by means of such a lever, a translation between the movement of the movable guided element of the unlocking device and the telescopic weft lock. It is also conceivable that an unlocking device comprises a lever mechanism with a plurality of hinged elements or levers in order to couple the movement of the guided element of the unlocking device with that of the telescopic-action lock.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the locking head has two unlocking or coupling devices acting in substantially opposite directions. In other words, with such a locking head, seen in cross-section of the telescope, two substantially opposite telescopic-shot locks can be unlocked and locked by means of the unlocking device. Likewise, the coupling of the telescopic sections to the locking head can be done at two opposite locations. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the effective directions of the unlocking and the coupling devices extend transversely, in particular perpendicular to the actuating direction of the actuating member. Also, these may be substantially parallel to each other. In particular, these may be substantially horizontal in the installed state of the locking head.

The resetting movements can be understood as the movements in which the coupling device is moved out of the coupling or out of the engagement of the locking head with a telescopic weft or the unlocking device moves the telescopic weft locking into a locked position between individual telescopic sections.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which both the positive guide / link for the unlocking and the positive guide / link for the coupling device are arranged in a substantially planar portion of the actuator, so extend substantially in the same plane. For advantageous also a substantially same extent (start or end points of these scenes at a substantially same height along the direction of movement of the actuating element) of these scenes is held.

In order to ensure that the individual telescoping shots are either locked to another telescopic shot at any time or coupled to the locking head, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention the actuating member be designed such that the telescopic shot locking is released only after the coupling of the respective telescopic section to the locking head or the telescoping device and the coupling after the locking of the respective telescopic section with another telescopic section. Thus, it can be ensured that each individual telescopic section is either locked at any time with the other telescopic shots of the telescope or coupled to the telescoping device. Ultimately, therefore, an unwanted autonomous movement of individual telescopic shots is effectively prevented.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the actuating member is moved relative to the main body by means of a hydraulic cylinder. However, it is also conceivable to provide any other means suitable for this function, for example electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic drives, in particular linear drives. So it can also be used as electric, hydraulic or pneumatic motors as well as pneumatic cylinders. Since the actuator is the only element required for the actuation of the coupling device and the locking device, the cylinder (s) acting on the actuator (s) are consequently the only power source for the locking and coupling

According to a further preferred embodiment, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder can be provided, by means of which the actuating member and thus the unlocking device and the coupling device is actuated. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder can be configured together with the actuator such that at a middle position, ie a lying approximately midway between the maximum deflections position of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder, the locking head is coupled to the respective telescopic shot, while this telescopic shot additionally locked with the next outer telescopic section is. The retraction or extension of the hydraulic cylinder from this middle position could thereby cause an unlocking of the approached telescopic section from the next outer telescopic section, while the opposite extension or retraction (ie, the opposite movement of the hydraulic cylinder) could cause decoupling of the approached telescopic section from the locking head. In order to move from the state in which the telescope shot fired is locked to the next outer telescopic shot, in the state in which this telescope shot is coupled to the locking head, but no longer locked with another telescopic shot, a full cylinder stroke and thus the " Double locked "state (locking and coupling of the telescopic section) are passed. At any time, therefore, the respective telescopic section is completely unsecured, which in turn can be ensured by the physical design of the actuator.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the locking head comprises a restoring device, which transfers the actuating member into a basic position. This can be a basic position in which the unlocking device unlocks no locking and the coupling device does not couple a telescopic section to the locking head or the telescoping device. However, preference is given to a basic position in which the respective telescopic section used is "double-secured" as described above.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a crane, in particular a mobile crane, with a telescope comprising at least two telescopic sections, in particular a telescopic crane boom and a locking head associated with the telescope according to one of the embodiments described above.

Figur 1

einen erfindungsgemäßen Verriegelungskopf in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 2

Draufsicht auf den erfindungsgemäßen Verriegelungskopf,

Figur 3

den erfindungsgemäßen Verriegelungskopf in einer Ruhestellung (links) und in einer betätigten Stellung (rechts),

Figur 4

den erfindungsgemäßen Verriegelungskopf in eingebauter Lage innerhalb eines Teleskop-Kranauslegers in einer Ruhestellung (links) und in einer betätigten Stellung (rechts),

Figuren 5A-5C

eine schematische Darstellung einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 6

eine mit einer Rückstellvorrichtung versehenen doppeltwirkenden Hydraulikzylinder,

Figur 7

die alternative Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verriegelungskopfes in einer Ruhestellung (links) und in einer betätigten Stellung (rechts);

Figur 8

die alternative Ausführungsform in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 9

die alternative Ausführungsform in einer Ruhestellung (links) und einer betätigten Stellung (rechts)

Figur 10

Draufsicht auf die alternative Ausführungsform.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment. It may comprise the features disclosed below individually as well as in any meaningful combination. Show it:

FIG. 1

a locking head according to the invention in a perspective view,

FIG. 2

Top view of the locking head according to the invention,

FIG. 3

the locking head according to the invention in a rest position (left) and in an actuated position (right),

FIG. 4

the locking head according to the invention in an installed position within a telescopic crane jib in a rest position (left) and in an actuated position (right),

Figures 5A-5C

a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 6

a double-acting hydraulic cylinder provided with a return device,

FIG. 7

the alternative embodiment of the locking head according to the invention in a rest position (left) and in an actuated position (right);

FIG. 8

the alternative embodiment in perspective view,

FIG. 9

the alternative embodiment in a rest position (left) and an actuated position (right)

FIG. 10

Top view of the alternative embodiment.

In the FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the locking head 2 according to the invention, which can be moved by means of the telescoping cylinder 1 inside a telescopic boom (not shown). The locking head 2 is located at one end of the telescoping cylinder 1 and is firmly connected thereto. The main body 3 forms the central structure of the locking head 2 and receives substantially all other elements of the locking head 2 or stores them.

On both sides of the locking head 2 guides for bolts 5 d of the coupling devices 5 are provided, wherein the direction of movement of the bolt 5 d is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the locking head 2. By means of these bolts 5d, the locking head 2 is coupled with a telescopic weft to be retracted or retracted by the locking bolts 5d engaging in corresponding receptacles on the telescopic weft.

Further, the locking head 2, two in the installed position of the locking head 2 above unlocking means 4, each comprising two levers 4b, which are movable about a arranged on the base body 3 pivot bearing. The levers 4b of the unlocking devices 4 are connected at their ends facing away from the base body 3 by means of not further designated attack sections which can engage in corresponding receptacles of a telescopic-shot lock.

The locking head 2 further comprises an actuating member 6, which can be moved parallel to the direction of movement of the locking head 2 and relative to the base body 3. For this purpose, a arranged next to the telescoping cylinder 1 and the locking head 2 associated hydraulic cylinder 7 is provided, which upon extension, the actuator 6 forward (in the FIG. 1 down to the left). In order to move the actuator 6 in the opposite direction, tension springs 8 are further provided, which convert the actuator 6 back into a basic position or the cylinder 7 at least support this.

It can also be seen that the actuating member 6 has a forced guidance or a sliding guide 4c, 5c for both the coupling and the unlocking devices, in which corresponding elements 4a, 5a of the unlocking devices 4 or the coupling devices 5 engage. It is to be regarded as particularly advantageous here that the elements 4a and 5a engage from different sides into the sliding guides 4c, 5c of the actuating member 6, since in this way the actuating member 6 can be arranged in a space-saving manner between the locking mechanism and the coupling mechanism. Thus, neither the unlocking device nor the coupling device must engage through the respective other or past the actuating member 6. The movement of the actuator 6 along the longitudinal axis of the cantilever also contributes to this space saving solution, such as the flat, horizontal orientation of the actuator 6.

It is easy to imagine that when the actuator 6 moves relative to the base body 3 "forward" (in FIG FIG. 1 down to the left) the engaging in the scenes 4c, 5c elements 4a, 5a are moved transversely to the direction of movement of the actuator 6, since the remaining elements of the unlocking 4 and the coupling devices 5 are fixed to the base body 3 of the locking head 2, so that movement these elements relative to the base body 3 in the direction of movement of the actuator 6 is not possible.

In the FIG. 2 is the slide guide 4c, 5c of the actuator to recognize. It can also be seen that by means of the slotted guides 5c, the bolts 5d of the coupling devices 5 are moved radially outwards, ie out of the main body 3, as soon as the actuator 6 moves out of its basic position in the FIG. 2 is moved to the left. Thus, by means of the coupling devices 5 immediately after actuation of the actuator 6, the coupling of the locking head 2 takes place at a surrounding telescopic section. The elements 5a are coupled directly to the bolt 5d, so that the bolts 5d are moved outwards as soon as the elements 5a are displaced outwards by means of the slotted guide 5c. The reverse operation is carried out accordingly. Furthermore, it can be seen that the guides 4c and 5c are "nested" in one another, so their more outer sections so at the same end of the actuator 6 (in the FIG. 2 on the right side), as well as their further inner sections (in the FIG. 2 Left). Thus, the double slide guide 4c, 5c builds very compact, since the scenes can be arranged close to each other. Irrespective thereof, this also contributes to the fact that the slotted guides 4c, 5c extend horizontally, thus effecting an actuation of the elements engaging therein along a horizontal direction.

Upon further movement of the actuator 6 to the left stops the operation of the coupling devices 5, since the distance between the corresponding slotted guides 5c no longer changes and the guides 5c instead parallel to Moving direction of the actuator 6 run. After the end of the actuation of the coupling devices 5, the unlocking means 4 are actuated, by means of the engaging in the slide guides 4c and movably guided elements 4a. Until this time, the unlocking 4 remain in their normal position, since the slide guide 4c parallel to the direction of movement of the actuator 6 extended. However, since the course of the slide guides 4c changes, the distance between them thus increasing, the elements 4a are correspondingly moved outwards, wherein the movement of the elements 4a outwardly by means of the lever 4b is converted into a substantially oppositely directed movement of the non-designated attack sections. The engaging portions which have been moved by means of the locking head 2 prior to actuation of the actuator 6 in a position in which they engage with corresponding receptacles of telescopic wrench locking bolt are thus moved to the vertical center plane of the locking head 2 and thus "pull" the Telescopic weft locking bolt from their shots in each outer telescopic section.

After coupling of the locking head 2 to the telescopic section to be telescoped and the release of the corresponding telescopic section locking the telescopic section with the help of Tefeskopier cylinder 1 off or retracted. After the desired position of the telescopic section is reached, the reverse operation of the actuator 6 by means of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and / or by means of the tension springs 8 begins:

First, since the guided elements 4a of the unlocking devices 4 are again moved to the horizontal center plane of the locking head 2, the engagement sections are moved outwards together with the bolts of the telescopic weft lock, thus achieving a locking of the telescopic weft initially still coupled to the locking head 2. Only after the operation of the unlocking and the further movement of the actuator 6 to the right again the bolt 5d of the coupling devices 5 in the Retracted body 3 of the locking head 2 and the telescopic section thus decoupled from the locking head 2.

In the FIGS. 5A to 5C an alternative embodiment of the locking head according to the invention in different positions is shown schematically. In the FIG. 5A It can be seen that the hydraulic cylinder 7 and thus also the actuating member 6 are in a middle position, ie an actuation in both the one and in the other direction is possible. In this middle position, the locking head is coupled both to the innermost telescopic section via the coupling device 5, while this telescopic section is also locked to the next outer telescopic section. The in the FIG. 5A shown position is reached only when the hydraulic cylinder 7 of the in the FIG. 5B shown maximum deflection, in which the locking head is not yet coupled to the telescopic section and thus can be moved within the boom, is brought into the center position. If the hydraulic cylinder 7 is moved further beyond this middle position into the other maximum deflection, the two telescopic sections are unlocked from each other by means of the unlocking device 4, while the inner telescopic section is still coupled to the locking head. In this position, the telescopic section can ultimately be moved by means of the telescoping cylinder. The restoring device shown schematically by means of two springs 8 always strives to spend the hydraulic cylinder 7 and thus also the actuating member in the center position, so that the respective telescopic shot is secured by both the next outer telescopic section and the locking head.

In the FIG. 6 there is seen a double acting hydraulic cylinder 7 fed by the hydraulic fluid feeds 7b and 7c. The restoring device in the form of a spring 8 is arranged between two spring plates 8a and 8b and always brings the piston rod into a central position, from which the hydraulic cylinder 7 retracts (pressurization of the annular chamber with hydraulic fluid through the Feeder 7c) and extended (admission of the annular chamber through the supply 7b) can be.

In the FIG. 7 an alternative embodiment of the locking head according to the invention is shown in different operating positions, the in the FIG. 4 shown positions correspond to the first embodiment. Thus, the left figure shows the telescope in a bolted and secured configuration, while the middle figure bolted and unlocked the telescope and the right figure, the telescope bolted and secured shows.

In the FIG. 8 is shown a perspective view of the alternative embodiment of the locking head according to the invention. This embodiment substantially corresponds to that in the FIG. 1 shown, but with a double-acting hydraulic cylinder instead of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder in the FIG. 1 , As can be seen, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 also comprises the return device 8, which is designed here as a spring 8 concentric with the hydraulic cylinder 7. The FIGS. 9 and 10 essentially correspond to the FIGS. 3 and 2 and show the alternative embodiment with a double acting hydraulic cylinder.

Claims (14)

1. Locking head which is designed to be movable, by means a telescopic device (1), within and along the longitudinal axis of a telescope comprising at least two telescope portions, having a main body (3), at least one unlocking device (4) designed for unlocking a locking of the telescope portion, and at least one coupling device (5) designed for coupling a telescope portion to the telescopic device (1), the locking head (2) having an actuator (6) which acts mechanically on the unlocking device (4) and the coupling device (5) in order to actuate the unlocking device (4) and the coupling device (5) and has a first slotted guide (4c) for the unlocking device (4) and a second slotted guide (5c) for the coupling device, the slots for the first and the second slotted guide (4c, 5c) extending the same plane or in parallel planes, characterised in that the first slotted guide (4c) and the second slotted guide (5c) form a restraint which acts on the unlocking device (4) and/or the coupling device (5) in an actuation direction and in an opposing reset direction.
2. Locking head according to claim 1, wherein the actuator (6) is designed to be movable relative to the main body (3), in particular in a translational manner.
3. Locking head according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the unlocking device (4) and/or the coupling device (5) comprise/comprises at least one element (4a, 5a) which can be movably guided relative to the main body (3), in particular movably guided in translation, and by means of which the actuator (6) acts on the unlocking element (4) and/or the coupling device (5).
4. Locking head according to claim 3, wherein the element (4a, 5a) is guided in a direction which runs transversely to, in particular perpendicularly to, the translational movement direction of the actuator (6).
5. Locking head according to either claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the unlocking device (4) comprises an element (4b) articulated about a bearing that is fixed to the main body (3), which element couples the movement of the movably guided element (4a) of the unlocking element (4) to the movement of the locking of the telescope portion.
6. Locking head according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising two unlocking (4) and/or coupling (5) devices which act substantially in opposite directions, in particular wherein the directions of action of the unlocking (4) and/or coupling (5) devices extend substantially in parallel, and specifically substantially horizontally in the assembled state of the locking head.
7. Locking head according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the actuator (6), in particular the restraints (4c) and (5c), is designed such that the locking of the telescope portion is released only after the telescope portion in question has been coupled to the telescopic device (1), and the coupling is released only after the telescope portion in question has been coupled to another telescope portion.
8. Locking head according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the actuator (6) is moved relative to the main body (3) by means of a hydraulic cylinder (7).
9. Locking head according to claim 8, wherein the hydraulic cylinder (7) is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder (7).
10. Locking head according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the actuator (6) has a home position, in particular in which the double-acting hydraulic cylinder (7) is in a central position and/or the unlocking device (4) is in a locking position and the coupling device (5) is in a coupling position.
11. Locking head according to claim 10, further comprising one reset device (8) which attempts to move the actuator (6) into the home position.
12. Locking head according to claim 11, wherein the reset device (8) is formed by at least one spring.
13. Crane, in particular a mobile crane, comprising a telescope having at least two telescope portions, in particular a telescopic crane jib, and a locking head according to any of claims 1 to 12 that is assigned to the telescope.
14. Use of a locking head according to any of claims 1 to 12 for actuating a locking process between a crane jib telescope portion which is to be moved and the next outermost telescope portion, and for coupling the telescope portion to be moved to a telescopic cylinder.

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