EP2833333B1 - Système de bus et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de bus - Google Patents

Système de bus et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de bus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2833333B1
EP2833333B1 EP13178845.7A EP13178845A EP2833333B1 EP 2833333 B1 EP2833333 B1 EP 2833333B1 EP 13178845 A EP13178845 A EP 13178845A EP 2833333 B1 EP2833333 B1 EP 2833333B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bus
short circuit
switching elements
switching element
bus lines
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EP13178845.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2833333A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Nejedly
Josef Schreiner
Robert Reither
Thomas Mueller
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Honeywell Life Safety Austria GmbH
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Honeywell Life Safety Austria GmbH
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Priority to EP13178845.7A priority Critical patent/EP2833333B1/fr
Publication of EP2833333A1 publication Critical patent/EP2833333A1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/04—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/06—Monitoring of the line circuits, e.g. signalling of line faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
    • H04R29/007—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for public address systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a bus system and to a method for operating such a bus system.
  • Bus systems are used in fire detection and alarming installations in buildings, where a two-wired bus is used to supply power and communication to a plurality of bus devices connected in parallel to each other between two of the bus lines.
  • bus lines It is well-known to form these bus lines into a loop starting and ending at a central control unit.
  • a bus system is known for example from DE 102010047220 .
  • the bus is divided by a plurality of switching elements or interrupters, which might be associated with the bus devices, so as to interrupt or connect a respective bus line.
  • a bus device might have for two switching elements, one on an input side and the other on an output side.
  • the central control unit restarts the bus system by applying the supply voltage to the bus line.
  • the first switching element which is in an open state, will detect the supply voltage and close the switches so as to connect with the bus line.
  • the second switching element will detect the supply voltage and will change in the closed state as well. This process goes on until reaching the short circuit. That is, when closing the switching element immediately before the short circuit, the drop of the voltage will be recognized, and the switching element will open again.
  • the central control unit will start to apply the supply voltage to the other branch line that is to other end of the former loop of bus lines and one switching element after the other will close until reaching the short circuit.
  • the associated bus device When closing the switching element immediately before the short circuit, the associated bus device will detect the drop in the voltage and will open this switching element again.
  • the system will be implemented as two separated branch lines, each extending from the central control unit to the switching element immediately before the short circuit.
  • EP0532787 A1 discloses a bus system comprising tow bus lines formed as respective loops, a plurality of bus devices connected in parallel between the two bus lines and distributed along the bus lines, a central control unit and a switching element.
  • the switching element is provided at the middle of the bus lines and can be controlled by the central control unit, so that the bus system can be operated as a closed loop bus or as two separate systems.
  • the present invention intends to solve this problem.
  • the bus system comprises at least two bus lines formed as respective loops, a plurality of switching elements connected in series so as to divide one of the bus lines in a plurality of sections, a central control unit connected with the ends of the bus lines and a plurality of bus devices connected in parallel between the two bus lines and distributed along the bus lines, so that a bus device is interposed between two consecutive switching elements.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • the method comprises:
  • the invention provides the benefit that the system is started from both ends of the bus lines simultaneously, so that the time for connecting all bus devices is reduced to a half.
  • the invention therefore proposes the above method, to open again the last two switching elements closed immediately before detecting the short circuit, and then, with different time periods respectively time delays, closing these switching elements again, so as to surely recognize which of these switching elements is adjacent to the short circuit.
  • the method comprises an initialization step for setting the time periods for closing each switching element again after the detection of a first short circuit.
  • One advantageous form to set the time periods might be a dedicated time period writing command from the central control unit, which can be used to write a corresponding individual delay time into an internal memory of each switching element or an associated bus device.
  • a further advantageous system might be to allow the central control unit to run a dedicated initialization sequence that can be used the first time the system is started.
  • the central control unit would apply the supply voltage only from one end of the bus lines, so that all switching elements are closed one after the other in series.
  • the switching elements can recognize the direction from which the voltage is applied, and can store a first delay time for this event.
  • the switching elements can store a second delay time, which can be set at a different value, for the case that a supply voltage would be applied from the other direction.
  • step (d) After opening the switching elements upon detection of a first short circuit in step (d), the closing of the switching elements in steps (e) and (h) will be done at a different timings so that it can be identified which one of these switching elements is adjacent to the short circuit.
  • switching elements By hardware so that they have a dedicated direction of connection with the bus.
  • a corresponding bus system which is configured to operate according to the above-described method.
  • a bus device and one or two switching elements are grouped together at the bus unit, which is individually addressable by the central control unit.
  • a bus device of the invention can be any one of: an audio alarm device, an optical alarm device, a fire detector, a burglar detector and a building service management device.
  • a central control unit is provided, which is specially configured to be used in a method as described above.
  • the invention is directed to a computer program that, when loaded in the internal memory of a processor of a central control unit of a bus system will cause the bus system to perform the above-described method.
  • a central control unit containing the inherently-known components e.g. for public address systems, has a connection R for the start of a two-wired ring line and a connection B for the end of this ring line.
  • the wires of the ring line are looped through switching elements 5 1 , 5 2 ... 5 n .
  • the ring line may comprise 60 or more switching elements.
  • Loudspeakers - not shown here - are connected to the wires of the ring line in the switching elements of the public address system. Loudspeakers is only one example of a bus device which might be used in connection with the bus system. Other bus devices might include audio alarm devices, optical alarm devices, fire detectors, burglar detectors or other kind of building service management devices.
  • the audio signals being supplied at up to 100 Vrms.
  • the AC supply voltage supplied is a signal at 22 kHz and with an amplitude of 50 V, for example.
  • some alarm systems e.g. fire alarm systems
  • switching elements which communicate digitally at least with a central control unit and are controlled by a dedicated bus communication protocol.
  • communication between the bus devices, switching elements and central control unit is not excluded and can be advantageously used in many cases.
  • Fig. 2 shows a simplified block diagram of a switching element 5 1 , drawn with one pole.
  • the contact terminal 5A has the incoming ring line 1 connected to it, and the contact terminal 5B has the outgoing ring line connected to it.
  • Two switches S1 and S2 are connected in series in a wire of the ring line.
  • the ring line is looped through contact terminal 5A to contact terminal 5B.
  • Further loudspeakers 9 1 to 9 n may be connected to the ring line outside the switching elements.
  • the microcontroller receives its operating voltage from a power supply unit.
  • the power supply unit can be any of an external power supply unit or an internal power supply unit like a large capacitor or a secondary cell, which might be charged from the AC supply voltage via rectifiers during normal operation.
  • routine of Fig. 3 is described as one example for initialization of the bus system.
  • all switches of all switching elements 5 1 to 5 n are in an open state, that is, so that the bus lines are interrupted at any switching element.
  • the central control unit 7 is advised to apply the supply voltage to the terminal A.
  • the terminal B does not receive the supply voltage from the central control unit 7.
  • the microcontroller of the switching element 5 1 will memorize the switching order of switches S1 and S2. In this way, the switching element 5 1 knows in which direction of the bus line the terminal A and the terminal B respectively are located.
  • the initialization process will continue until closing the switches S1 and S2 of the last switching element 5 n .
  • the bus system is in a condition to operate normally.
  • the switching elements 5 1 to 5 n are designed to allocate delay times to the switches S1 or S2 of each switching element 5 1 to 5 n , depending on the orientation of the switches S1 and S2 with respect to the terminal A or terminal B.
  • a delay time of 0.1 s can be assigned to the switches S1 and a delay time of 0,5 s can be assigned to the switch S2.
  • the central control unit 7 is designed to apply the supply voltage at both terminals A and B, simultaneously.
  • the switching elements 5 1 to 5 n are specially configured.
  • the microcontroller of the respective switching element 5X runs a short circuit monitoring routine for a predetermined time and monitors the voltage at the bus. During this time a dedicated threshold value can be applied to discriminate between the normal operation and a short circuit. If, during this predetermined time the voltage at the bus line drops below the above threshold, the switching element 5 x opens the switches again, since it assumes that a short circuit has occurred.
  • the micro controller of the switching element 5 x will know that the short circuit is immediately adjacent to the switching element 5 x . In that case, the switches of the switching element 5 x will remain open, and the setup of the loop will continue from the site of the terminal B by closing switches of the switching element 5 n-x
  • the closes will continue until reaching the switching element 5 x+1 .
  • the micro controller of this switching element 5 x+1 will detect the drop of the voltage at the bus line and open the switches S1 and S2 immediately. After waiting the corresponding predetermined time the switching element 5 x+1 will close the switches again and will detect the short circuit a new. In consequence, to the consecutive detection of two short circuit events the micro controller of this switching element 5 x+1 knows, that the short circuit is immediately adjacent and will therefore open the switches S1 and S2 and keep them open.
  • the short circuit has to be located adjacent to the switching element 5 n-x+1 .
  • the switching element 5 n-x+1 will close the respective switches again and will run the short circuit monitoring routine.
  • the drop of the voltage at the bus line will be detected by the microcontroller of this switching element, and due to the two consecutive detections of a short circuit, the micro controller knows that the short circuit is located immediately adjacent to the switching element 5 n-x+1 . Therefore, it will control this switching element so as to keep the respective switch in an open state.
  • the delay time is set during the initialization step depending on the connection direction of the switching elements.
  • this is a preferred embodiment, alternative configurations might be possible. For example, it might be possible to set an individual and different delay time for each switching element 5 1 to 5 n by a dedicated command of the central control unit, which will apply when closing the switching element again after detection of the first short circuit. In this way again, it can be avoided that repeatedly switching elements close simultaneously, which would obscure the discovery of the location of a short circuit.
  • the switching elements 5 1 to 5 n it is possible to design the switching elements 5 1 to 5 n so as to have different connection sites, which differ in the hardware construction, so that the delay is already built in the switching element.
  • this conveys the drawback that, when installing the bus system, the workers connecting the switching elements 5 1 to 5 n have to take care to connect the switching elements 5 1 to 5 n in the correct orientation, it has the advantage that no initial setup procedure is required, and therefore already at the first time of turning on the bus system the buildup of the system can start from both terminals A and B simultaneously.
  • the method can be implemented e.g. by programming the micro controllers in the switching elements 5 1 to 5 n andf the central control unit with a dedicated programming when installing an up-date on a corresponding bus system.
  • the invention has been described based on a voice operated alarm system. However the invention can advantageously be used in a bus system connection smoke detectors or visual and/or acoustical alarm devices.
  • micro controller of the switching devices where used to control the respective steps
  • assign this task to a processor in the central control unit.
  • This processor has to be arranged and implemented so as to monitor the voltage at the bus lines and so as to control the switching operations of the switches in the switching elements.
  • this configuration requires a more complex communication on the bus it has the advantage that less power is needed in the individual switching devices.
  • the present invention has been described by reference to preferred embodiments, it is clear that the invention is not limited to these particular embodiments. It is possible to adapt modifications and replacements. For example, it is possible to combine the switching element and the bus devices into a single device. In that case, the bus device will be connected between the switches S1 and S2 of a bus device, as shown in the example of Fig. 2 with the speaker 9 2 . Alternatively, switching elements 5 1 to 5 n can be provided independent of the bus devices as well.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé d'exploitation d'un système de bus ;
    le système de bus comprenant au moins deux lignes omnibus (1, 3) sous forme de boucles respectives, une pluralité d'éléments de commutation (51 à 5n) connectés en série de façon à diviser l'une des lignes omnibus en une pluralité de sections, une unité de commande centrale (7) connectée aux extrémités des lignes omnibus (1, 3), et une pluralité de dispositifs de bus (91 à 9m) connectés en parallèle entre les deux lignes omnibus (1, 3) et distribués le long des lignes omnibus (1, 3) de sorte qu'un dispositif de bus (9y) soit interposé entre deux éléments de commutation consécutifs (5x, 5x+1) ;
    le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    (a) l'application d'une tension d'alimentation aux deux extrémités des lignes omnibus (1, 3) en partant de bornes (A, B) de l'unité de traitement centrale (7) ;
    (b) la fermeture des éléments de commutation (51, 5n) lors de la réception de la tension d'alimentation, de façon à connecter les sections respectives ultérieures du bus depuis les deux extrémités ;
    (c) la surveillance des lignes omnibus (1, 3) afin de détecter un premier court-circuit ;
    si aucun premier court-circuit n'est détecté, la répétition des étapes (a), (b) et (c) jusqu'à ce que tous les éléments de commutation (51, 52, 53, 54,... 5n) soient fermés ou jusqu'à ce qu'un premier court-circuit soit détecté ;
    si un premier court-circuit est détecté,
    (d) l'ouverture des deux éléments de commutation (5x, 5 (m-x)) fermés immédiatement avant de détecter le premier court-circuit,
    (e) la fermeture à nouveau de l'un des éléments de commutation (5x) ouverts à l'étape (d) ;
    (f) la surveillance des lignes omnibus (1, 3) afin de détecter un second court-circuit ;
    si un second court-circuit est détecté,
    (g) l'ouverture de l'élément de commutation (5x) fermé immédiatement avant de détecter le second court-circuit et le maintien de cet élément de commutation (5x) ouvert, et
    (h) la fermeture à nouveau de l'autre élément de commutation (5(m-x)) ouvert à l'étape (d) .
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre l'étape :
    l'exécution d'une routine de surveillance de court-circuit par un élément de commutation (51 à 5n) pendant une durée prédéterminée après la fermeture de l'élément de commutation, dans lequel la routine de surveillance de court-circuit comprend la surveillance de la ligne omnibus à la recherche d'une chute de tension en dessous d'une seconde valeur seuil, qui est supérieure à une valeur seuil utilisée pour surveiller un court-circuit à d'autres instants.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel une différence de temps de retard entre la fermeture à nouveau des éléments de commutation (5x et 5y) ouverts à l'étape (d) est plus grande que la durée prédéterminée de la routine de surveillance de court-circuit.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, comprenant en outre l'étape :
    lors de l'ouverture d'un élément de commutation (51, 5(m-1)), l'enregistrement d'une adresse de bus d'un dernier dispositif de bus avant ledit élément de commutation (51, 5(m-1), 5o) dans une mémoire de l'unité de commande centrale (7) ;
    l'émission d'un message de notification informant de l'emplacement estimé du court-circuit d'après cette adresse de bus.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, comprenant en outre un processus d'initialisation qui est réalisé lors de l'installation du système de bus et qui comprend les étapes :
    l'application d'une tension d'alimentation à l'une des lignes omnibus (1, 3) en partant de bornes (A) de l'unité de traitement centrale (7) ;
    la fermeture des éléments de commutation (51 à 5n) en série ;
    la détection de l'orientation de chaque élément de commutation (51 à 5n) par rapport à la borne (A) ;
    le réglage de temps de retard différents pour l'élément de commutation (51 à 5n) dans le cas d'une réception de la tension d'alimentation via le site de ladite borne (A) de ceux dans le cas d'une réception de la tension d'alimentation via l'autre site ; dans lequel ces temps de retard sont utilisés pour commander la fermeture des éléments de commutation aux étapes (e) et (h) .
  6. Système de bus configuré pour être exploité selon le procédé des revendications 1 à 5, le système de bus comprenant :
    au moins deux lignes omnibus (1, 3) sous forme de boucles respectives,
    une pluralité d'éléments de commutation (51, 52, 53, 54,... 5n) connectés en série de façon à diviser l'une des lignes omnibus en une pluralité de sections,
    une unité de commande centrale (7), et
    une pluralité de dispositifs de bus (91, 92, 93, 94,... 9m) connectés en parallèle entre les deux lignes omnibus (1, 3) et distribués le long des lignes omnibus (1, 3) de sorte qu'un dispositif de bus (9y) soit interposé entre deux éléments de commutation consécutifs (5x, 5x+1) ;
    dans lequel l'unité de commande centrale (7) est configurée pour appliquer une tension d'alimentation aux deux extrémités des lignes omnibus (1, 3) en partant de bornes (A, B) de l'unité de traitement centrale (7) ;
    la pluralité d'éléments de commutation (51, 52, 53, 54,... 5n) est configurée pour se fermer, lors de la réception de la tension d'alimentation, de façon à connecter les sections respectives ultérieures du bus depuis les deux extrémités, pour surveiller les lignes omnibus (1, 3) afin de détecter un premier court-circuit, pour ouvrir les deux éléments de commutation (5x, 5(m-x)) fermés immédiatement avant de détecter le premier court-circuit, pour fermer à nouveau l'un des éléments de commutation (5x) juste ouverts, pour surveiller les lignes omnibus (1, 3) afin de détecter un second court-circuit, pour ouvrir l'élément de commutation (5x) fermé immédiatement avant de détecter le second court-circuit et pour maintenir cet élément de commutation (5x) ouvert, et pour fermer à nouveau l'autre élément de commutation (5(m-x)) ouvert lors de la détection du premier court-circuit.
  7. Système de bus selon la revendication 6, dans lequel
    un dispositif de bus (91, 92, 93, ... 9m) et un ou deux éléments de commutation (51, 52, 53, 54, ... 5n) sont regroupés en tant qu'unité de bus (11), qui est adressable individuellement par l'unité de commande centrale (7).
  8. Système de bus selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, dans lequel
    les dispositifs de bus (91, 92, 93, 94, ... 9m) comprennent au moins l'un parmi :
    un dispositif d'alarme audio,
    un dispositif d'alarme optique,
    un détecteur d'incendie,
    un détecteur de cambrioleur, et
    un dispositif de gestion de service de bâtiment.
  9. Programme d'ordinateur qui, lorsqu'il est chargé dans la mémoire interne d'un processeur d'une unité de commande centrale et/ou éléments de commutation d'un système de bus selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, amèneront le système de bus à réaliser les étapes du procédé de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.
EP13178845.7A 2013-07-31 2013-07-31 Système de bus et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de bus Active EP2833333B1 (fr)

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EP13178845.7A EP2833333B1 (fr) 2013-07-31 2013-07-31 Système de bus et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de bus

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EP13178845.7A EP2833333B1 (fr) 2013-07-31 2013-07-31 Système de bus et procédé pour faire fonctionner un système de bus

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11425501B2 (en) 2017-12-19 2022-08-23 Honeywell International Inc. Device for electroinically connecting and disconnecting portions of an electrical line, public address system, method for detecting a failure in an electrical line

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018187269A1 (fr) 2017-04-05 2018-10-11 Carrier Corporation Supervision électrique active d'interface audio
EP3811348A1 (fr) * 2018-06-21 2021-04-28 Autronica Fire & Security AS Système et procédé de démarrage d'une boucle de détecteur
EP3825973A1 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-26 Honeywell International Inc. Contrôleur de système d'alarme incendie, système d'alarme incendie, dispositif de séparation et procédé d'initialisation d'un système d'alarme incendie

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0532787B1 (fr) * 1991-09-19 1995-12-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour l'opération de détecteurs de dangers
DE102010044892A1 (de) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Novar Gmbh Gefahrenmeldeanlage mit zwei Datenübertragungsgeschwindigkeiten
DE102010047220B4 (de) 2010-10-04 2012-07-05 Novar Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Sprachdurchsageanlage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11425501B2 (en) 2017-12-19 2022-08-23 Honeywell International Inc. Device for electroinically connecting and disconnecting portions of an electrical line, public address system, method for detecting a failure in an electrical line

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