EP2828009A1 - Palpeur à ultrasons - Google Patents

Palpeur à ultrasons

Info

Publication number
EP2828009A1
EP2828009A1 EP13715151.0A EP13715151A EP2828009A1 EP 2828009 A1 EP2828009 A1 EP 2828009A1 EP 13715151 A EP13715151 A EP 13715151A EP 2828009 A1 EP2828009 A1 EP 2828009A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer elements
ultrasonic
transducer
angle
probe according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13715151.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter ENGL
Rainer Meier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intelligendt Systems and Services GmbH
Original Assignee
Intelligendt Systems and Services GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE201220104119 external-priority patent/DE202012104119U1/de
Application filed by Intelligendt Systems and Services GmbH filed Critical Intelligendt Systems and Services GmbH
Publication of EP2828009A1 publication Critical patent/EP2828009A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/221—Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2456—Focusing probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/34—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ultrasonic probe with an ultrasonic transducer assembly comprising a plurality of juxtaposed, time-delay controllable transducer elements arranged in a row.
  • Insonification angle in a test object and the focus depth ver ⁇ changes. This makes it possible to detect larger areas of the specimen when the ultrasonic probe is stationary. Usually these are
  • Ultrasonic transducer arrays around so-called line arrays in which a conventional piezoceramic transducer is divided into small acoustically separated transducer elements, wherein the dividing cutting direction transverse to
  • Einschallebene is located, in which a Winkelschwenk should take place.
  • the transducer elements obtained by the subdivision must not exceed a dimension in the order of the wavelength in the Einschallebene.
  • Most applications require the creation of a sufficiently low divergence beam to achieve high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, thereby requiring larger dimensions of the entire ultrasonic transducer array. This means a large number of individual Transducer elements, usually sixteen or more, which are controlled simultaneously or with a time delay together.
  • transducer elements requires a corresponding number of connection cables, terminals and in particular in the internal testing of hollowed shafts, which are scanned with a helical movement of the probe, a corresponding number of slip ring contacts and a corresponding number of electronic channels in the tester, so that technical effort is significant.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an ultrasound ⁇ sonic transducer with an ultrasonic transducer assembly with a plurality of juxtaposed, time-delay controllable transducer elements, with which it is possible with reduced technical complexity to cover a large swivel range in a workpiece with high spatial resolution ,
  • the ultrasonic probe includes an ultrasonic transducer assembly having a plurality of juxtaposed in a row, time-delay controllable transducer elements whose transmitting / receiving surfaces such are arranged inclined to each other, that the inclination angle between the transmitting / receiving surface of two transducer elements increases with the number of An ⁇ located between these transducer elements. Furthermore, the transducer elements arranged so that min ⁇ least two of the incremental tilt angle between adjacent transducer elements are different from each other.
  • the transmission / reception surfaces of the adjacently arranged transducer elements are not located in one plane, for example on the inclined surface of a common wedge, but rather on facets, for example, wherein side-by-side facets are each inclined relative to one another at a predetermined angle.
  • the predetermined angle can be selected freely and adapted to the particular application or the test ⁇ fende component.
  • the incremental inclination angle can be staggered so that it increases or decreases starting from the edge of the ultrasound transducer arrangement. This can be achieved compared to a circular geometry ei ⁇ ne lower overall height of the ultrasonic test head ⁇ to.
  • Under incremental inclination angle is to be understood as the difference of the inclination angle between adjacent transducer elements. In other words, the incremental inclination angle is the angle below the adjacent one
  • Transducer elements are inclined to each other or the angle that the transmitting-receiving surfaces of each adjacent
  • transducer elements Between them. At least two incremental angles of inclination respectively adjacent
  • the invention is according to the invention from each other.
  • incremental tilt angles are not all the same size.
  • the individual sizes of the incremental inclination angle are chosen so that in particular an angle is recessed at which would propagate in the workpiece a longitudinal wave parallel to the surface (first critical angle).
  • Ultrasonic transducer assembly according to the prior art, with a smaller number of transducer elements, for example, about five to eight transducer elements to detect the same Schwenkwinkelbe- rich. Since the width of a single transducer element at the same total width of the ultrasonic transducer order is significantly larger at such a smaller number of transducer elements, preferably greater than 1.5 times the waves ⁇ length of Ultraschallsig- generated by a transducer element Nals, than with a conventional linear
  • Ultrasonic transducer arrangement arises already in a common control of at least two adjacent
  • Transducer elements a sufficiently narrow beam with ei ⁇ nem correspondingly high signal-to-noise ratio. By time-delayed activation of adjacent transducer elements Darue ⁇ over another swing of the irradiation angle can also be achieved out. Although this pivoting range is physically limited by the fact that only a few, preferably two to three transducer elements are controlled as a group. By means of the progressive combination of two to three
  • Transducer elements can be covered with their predetermined by the respective slope pre-stamped, ie without time-delayed control different insonification angles, supplemented by the pivoting angle range within the respective combination of these transducer elements, a Truschwenkwinkel Colour comparable to that of a conventional linear array with many narrow Transducer elements in a plane is.
  • a Designschwenkwinkel Scheme comparable to that of a conventional linear array with many narrow Transducer elements in a plane is.
  • the technical ⁇ cal effort for wiring the Ultraschallprüfköpfes is significantly reduced. This is particularly advantageous in the internal testing of shafts with a longitudinal bore, which requires a rotational movement of the linear ultrasonic transducer assembly about the longitudinal axis of the shaft and, accordingly, a number of slip rings corresponding to the number of channels.
  • ultrasonic test head consists in the fact that when driving three or more transducer elements by corresponding time delays the focus depth, i. the distance between the focus and the surface of the test object can be changed.
  • the focus depth i. the distance between the focus and the surface of the test object can be changed.
  • Insonification angle of the ultrasonic signal in a workpiece by time-delayed common control of at least two not immediately adjacent transducer elements to pivot.
  • errors e.g. not reflect back in Einraallraum be recognized. It is particularly advantageous to make the control so that a transducer element or a
  • Transducer element or another transducer element group is operated in Emp ⁇ catcher mode.
  • the transducer elements are arranged on the tooth flanks of a sawtooth-shaped leading body.
  • the individual tooth flanks are at a different angle to the coupling surface of the ultrasonic probe ange ⁇ provides.
  • the individual tooth flanks of the existing example of plastic flow body are depending Weil ⁇ according to the angle that the respective
  • the individual transducer elements are arranged on a flow body such that a respectively between the transmitting / receiving surface of the transducer elements and the coupling surface of the flow body resulting Vorlaufstre ⁇ bridge for all transducer elements is the same size.
  • the test sensitivity in this case is the same for each transducer element.
  • the individual transducer elements are arranged in egg ⁇ nem such a distance from the coupling surface, that the flow path for each transducer element is the same length.
  • the length of the normal through the center of the respective transmitting-receiving surface of a transducer element and perpendicular normal to the coupling surface is ver ⁇ stood under advance distance.
  • the distance from the center ⁇ point of the transmitting / receiving surface perpendicular to the coupling surface con- is kept constant.
  • the transducer elements are arranged on the lead body such that between the center of the transmitting / receiving surface of the
  • Transducer elements and perpendicular to the coupling surface of the body Vorlauf- resulting distance for all transducer elements is the same size. This facilitates the algorithms for calculating the time delay in the control of the individual
  • the incremental inclination angle may also be staggered so as to increase or decrease starting from the edge of the ultrasonic transducer assembly.
  • This ultrasonic transducer arrangement leads to an even lower overall height and has the advantage that the otherwise resulting in an ultrasonic test head disturbing Wiederho ⁇ development echoes are largely minimized.
  • the individual tooth flanks can be formed both regularly and irregularly, ie, for example, with different widths or different lengths.
  • differently sized and differently shaped transducer elements can be used, where ⁇ further varied by the sound field generated by these ⁇ who can.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
  • Transducer elements respectively emitted sound beam ⁇ as the sound beam resulting from superposition also in a schematic representation, a second embodiment of a Ultraschallprüf head according to the invention in a schematic schematic diagram in a longitudinal section,
  • Fig. 4 is a time-delayed control of a
  • the ultrasonic test head in accordance comprises a housing 1 in which an ultrasound transducer array 2 is arranged, which arranged a plurality of side by side in a row, with a time delay drivable piezoceramic transducer elements 4i, Figs. 1, five transducer elements 4i to 4 5, comprising.
  • the transducer elements 4i are arranged side by side in such a way that the transmitting / receiving surfaces 6 ⁇ , 6j are adjacent to each other
  • Converter elements 4i, 4i + i at an incremental angle of inclination o are oriented inclined to each other, which is not the same for al ⁇ le adjacent transducer elements 4i, 4i + i
  • the transducer elements 4i are therefore not along a circular arc, but 1, all incremental inclination angles ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ are different from one another, that is to say 0 (i, i + i ⁇ oi, + i for all i ⁇ j or ⁇ , 2 ⁇ «2,3 ⁇ « 3,4 ⁇ 0 (4,5)
  • the incremental angle of inclination ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ can for example be be staggered, so he starting from the edge of
  • Ultrasonic transducer assembly 2 increases or decreases. Accordingly, the inclination angle i, j between one located at the end of the row transducer element 4i and another takes
  • the transmission / reception surfaces 6 ⁇ are arranged inclined to one another such that the angle of inclination ⁇ , j between the transmission / reception surface 6 ⁇ two transducer elements 4i, 4j increases with the number of transducer elements located between them.
  • Typical incremental inclination angles ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ in the case of a Boh ⁇ tion outgoing examination of steel shafts are for example in a range between 1.5 ° and 10 °.
  • the transducer elements 4i are inclined to each other such that ih ⁇ re transmitting / receiving surfaces 6 ⁇ facing each other, so that the in the cut out on the transmitting / receiving area 6 ⁇ perpendicular to normals to the transmitting / receiving surfaces 6 ⁇ facing space, in which propagate the transmitted from the transducer elements 4i sound bundles.
  • the width b of the transducer elements 4i is at least equal to 1.5 times, preferably greater than four times the wavelength of the ultrasound signal generated by them and immersed in the test specimen.
  • the transducer elements 4i are embedded in a sound-absorbing backing 8, wherein between a coupling surface 10 of the ultrasonic probe and the transmitting / receiving surfaces 6 ⁇ , 6 j a lead body 12 is made of a plastic, which corresponds to the incremental inclination angle ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ is formed for example by a faceted wedge.
  • Transducer elements 4i each emitted gene bundles, which intersect in a test workpiece 16 in each case different intersections S ⁇ , when angular position of the transducer elements 4i relative to the coupling surface 10, width b of the transducer elements 4i and inclination angle 0 (i, i + i and Length of the set by the flow volume, dependent on the position of the transducer element 4 lead line 12 and the workpiece 16 are adapted to each other
  • Evaluation device 17 is provided, with which by time-delayed, joint control of at least two or more adjacent transducer elements 4i of the insonification angle in the workpiece 16 can be pivoted in a limited angular range, as indicated in Fig. 1 by the double arrow 18.
  • the angle of incidence can also be pivoted by time-delayed ⁇ common control two not directly Benach ⁇ barter transducer elements 4i, 4i +.
  • the transducer element 4i as a transmitter and the transducer element 4i + work as a receiver.
  • the depth of focus in the workpiece 16 can also be changed by appropriate time delay patterns when three or more adjacent transducer elements 4i are driven together. This is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the double arrow 19.
  • the principle of the time-delayed control of the transducer elements 4i is also shown in Fig. 4.
  • control and evaluation device 17 it is also possible to control the transducer elements 4i individually and to make an evaluation of the received echo signals by means of a method called SAFT using the wide sound beams respectively emitted by the individual transducer elements.
  • the figure illustrates, as indicated by simultaneous superposition of these two sound beam 20 ⁇ , 20i + i a narrow ⁇ res sound beam 20i, i + i, whose focus Fi, i + i is narrower than the foci Fi, Fi + i of the acoustic beam 20 ⁇ , 20i + i and further away from the transducer elements 4i, 4i + i.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of an ultrasonic probe according to the invention with a
  • Ultrasonic transducer assembly 2 the transducer elements 4i, here six transducer elements 4i to 4 ⁇ , in a row next to each other on the tooth flanks 22 of a sawtooth-shaped flow body 12 are arranged.
  • the individual transducer elements 4i are according to FIG. 3 arranged perpendicularly from a center of the transmitting-receiving surface 6 ⁇ starting in each case at such a distance d ⁇ to the coupling surface 10 that the delay line d ', ie the distance in the direction of on the transmitting-receiving surface 6 ⁇ normal standing to the coupling surface ⁇ 10, for each transducer element 4i the same length and the test sensitivity for each transducer element 4i is thus the same.
  • a constant distance d ⁇ enables easy control of the transducer elements 4i by the control ⁇ device 17 and its control software, because no software modification as compared to a linear array is required.
  • the tooth flanks 22 of the lead body 12 are employed with respect to the coupling surface 10 at different angles, so ⁇ that the transmitting / receiving surfaces 6i and 6e of the transducer elements 4i to 4 ⁇ are inclined to each other, wherein the incremental angle of inclination ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ between each adjacent
  • Transducer elements 4 ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ is different in size.
  • Transducer elements with the number of intervening Chen transducer elements 4i increases.
  • the angle of inclination 0 (1.3 is so ⁇ with accordingly larger than the incremental inclination angle ⁇ , 2 ⁇
  • the transducer elements 4i fla ⁇ cher are arranged so that the transducer element is orien ⁇ advantage 4i under the ge ⁇ slightest angle of attack with respect to the coupling surface 10 that is, in insonification direction.
  • the device 2 comprises a control device 17 for the time-delayed activation of the transducer elements 4i.
  • the juxtaposed transducer elements 4i are excited successively in time in order to electronically tilt the insonification angle into the workpiece 16 or to additionally focus the ultrasonic wave.
  • both individual and all transducer elements 4i or a group of transducer elements 4i for example, two adjacent transducer elements 4i, 4i + i, ge ⁇ jointly operated.
  • the central axes 14 of each of a transducer element 4i emitted sound beams and the intersections S ⁇ , in which intersect the jewei ⁇ time center longitudinal axes 14, located.
  • Fig. 4 is - as already mentioned above - shown how the ultrasonic transducer assembly or the individual
  • Transducer elements 4i are driven to obtain a desired insonification angle and a desired focus F.
  • the transducer elements are driven to 4i 4 ⁇ temporally ⁇ delay, on the one hand to pivot the angle of incidence and on the other hand suit- a desired depth of focus put.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a wavefront 24 which leads to a focusing of the ultrasound waves in the focus F which are emitted with a time delay from the transducer elements 4i, 4 2 , 4 3 .
  • a large swivel angle range can be covered with a small number of transducer elements with a suitable time delay of the ultrasound pulses.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un palpeur à ultrasons contenant un système transducteur d'ultrasons (2) qui comprend une pluralité d'éléments transducteurs (4i) qui sont disposés en rang les uns à côté des autres et peuvent être commandés de manière temporisée et dont les surfaces émettrices/réceptrices(6i) sont disposées inclinées les unes par rapport aux autres de telle manière que l'angle d'inclinaison (αi, j) entre les surfaces émettrices/réceptrices (6i, 6j) de deux éléments transducteurs (4i, 4j) augmente avec le nombre des éléments transducteurs (4i) se trouvant entre celles-ci et qu'au moins deux de ces angles d'inclinaison incrémentaux (αi, i+1) entre des éléments transducteurs respectivement voisins (4i, 4i+1) soient différents l'un de l'autre.
EP13715151.0A 2012-03-20 2013-03-20 Palpeur à ultrasons Withdrawn EP2828009A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012204444 2012-03-20
DE201220104119 DE202012104119U1 (de) 2012-10-26 2012-10-26 Vorrichtung zur Ultraschallprüfung eines Werkstücks
PCT/EP2013/055859 WO2013139872A1 (fr) 2012-03-20 2013-03-20 Palpeur à ultrasons

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2828009A1 true EP2828009A1 (fr) 2015-01-28

Family

ID=48083114

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13715151.0A Withdrawn EP2828009A1 (fr) 2012-03-20 2013-03-20 Palpeur à ultrasons

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20150009782A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2828009A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2865054A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013139872A1 (fr)

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EP2979644B1 (fr) * 2013-03-29 2017-09-13 Fujifilm Corporation Sonde ultrasonore pour aiguille de ponction et dispositif de diagnostic par ultrasons l'utilisant
US11090029B2 (en) 2013-07-24 2021-08-17 Koninklijke Philips N.V. System for automated screening of carotid stenosis
WO2016190993A1 (fr) * 2015-05-22 2016-12-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Transducteurs à ultrasons comprenant un matériau piézoélectrique intégré dans un support
US10987085B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2021-04-27 1929803 Ontario Corp Systems and methods for automated fluid response measurement
US11324476B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2022-05-10 1929803 Ontario Corp. Systems and methods for automated fluid response measurement
EP3762072A4 (fr) 2018-03-09 2021-11-17 1929803 Ontario Corp. D/B/A Flosonics Medical Dispositif de commande de fluide de patient pouvant être commandé de manière dynamique
US11109831B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-09-07 1929803 Ontario Corp, (o/a FloSonics Medical) Ultrasound patch for detecting fluid flow
US11087582B2 (en) * 2018-10-19 2021-08-10 Igt Electronic gaming machine providing enhanced physical player interaction
WO2022008970A1 (fr) 2020-07-06 2022-01-13 1929803 Ontario Corp. D/B/A Flosonics Medical Timbre à ultrasons comprenant un ensemble transducteur souple intégré
CN117233263B (zh) * 2023-11-15 2024-02-06 中北大学 用于管道轴向检测缺陷的窄声束电磁超声传感器及装置

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US5269309A (en) * 1991-12-11 1993-12-14 Fort J Robert Synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging system
EP1241994A4 (fr) * 1999-12-23 2005-12-14 Therus Corp Transducteurs a ultrasons utilises en imagerie et en therapie
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US6645162B2 (en) * 2000-12-27 2003-11-11 Insightec - Txsonics Ltd. Systems and methods for ultrasound assisted lipolysis
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013139872A1 (fr) 2013-09-26
US20150009782A1 (en) 2015-01-08
CA2865054A1 (fr) 2013-09-26

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