EP2823250A1 - Protection balistique du cou - Google Patents

Protection balistique du cou

Info

Publication number
EP2823250A1
EP2823250A1 EP13710515.1A EP13710515A EP2823250A1 EP 2823250 A1 EP2823250 A1 EP 2823250A1 EP 13710515 A EP13710515 A EP 13710515A EP 2823250 A1 EP2823250 A1 EP 2823250A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
neck
neck protector
armour
protector
garment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13710515.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Faye Elizabeth PARKER
James Leonard MONKS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Publication of EP2823250A1 publication Critical patent/EP2823250A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/0512—Neck or shoulders area

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with garments for protecting the neck from injury by ballistic materials, especially neck protectors and under body armour garments.
  • Neck wounds have been ascribed as having the second highest increase in severity when compared to the civilian equivalent. Many of the injuries are as a result from explosive/ballistic fragments.
  • neck injuries are predominantly fragmentation injuries, and therefore are potentially preventable.
  • neck protection is achieved by collars attached to the body armour vest, but the size, design and detachability of the collar varies -greatly.
  • Most designs of neck collar cover solely zone 1 of the neck, leaving the upper zones (zones 2 and 3) vulnerable.
  • Zone 1 extends from the clavicle to the cricoid cartilage and includes the thoracic inlet. This region, contains the major vascular structures of the subclavian, artery and vein, jugular vein, and common carotid artery, as well as the esophagus, thyroid, and trachea.
  • Zone 2 extends from the cricoid to the angle of the mandible and contains the common carotid artery, internal and external carotid arteries, jugular vein, larynx,
  • Zone 3 is a small area extending from the angle of the mandible to the skull base. This region contains the internal and external carotid arteries, jugular vein, lateral pharynx, and cranial nerves VII, IX, ⁇ ,, ⁇ , and XII.
  • Reasons cited for the high level of combat neck injury include that neck protectors only protect zone one of the neck, or that neck protectors are so uncomfortable to a user, hindering movement of the head and neck, as well as overheating, that a user will refuse to wear the neck protector.
  • neck protectors only protect zone one of the neck, or that neck protectors are so uncomfortable to a user, hindering movement of the head and neck, as well as overheating, that a user will refuse to wear the neck protector.
  • the present application generally aims to provide new and improved garments for protecting the neck against injury from ballistic materials.
  • the present invention provides a ballistic neck protector for providing protection to zones 1 and 2 of the neck of a user for use with body armour or underußbody armour garments comprising a soft armour material, wherein, the neck protector has dimensions and a rigidity such that in use the neck protector is substantially upstanding and circumscribes the neck to delimit a gap therebetween providing for minimal restriction of movement of the head and neck of the user.
  • the neck protector provides protection to zone ' 1 and zone 2 of the neck, with minimal or no hindrance to movement of the neck and head. This is a major, improvement over the prior art, which discloses neck protectors which either only provide protection to zone 1 of the neck, or hinder movement of the neck and/or are uncomfortable to wear.
  • the shape and the rigidity are particularly important in providing for the comfort and lack of hindrance (the neck protector is flexibly rigid), as is having the gap between the neck of a user and the neck protector.
  • the dimensions of the neck protector should preferably provide coverage to zones 1 and 2 of the whole neck of a user, including beneath the chin of the head of a user.
  • the neck protector may be manufactured from a substantially rectangular piece of material, providing a single vertical dimension to the neck protector, though .
  • the neck protector is shaped to incorporate the shape of the head of a user, such as having a reduced vertical dimension at the nape of the neck, to accommodate the back of the head of a user, and may also have further
  • the neck ' protector is flexibly rigid.
  • a flexibly rigid neck protector is one that is rigid or stiff enough to be substantially upstanding about the neck, but is flexible enough to deform to accommodate movement of the neck and head of a user such that any restriction of movement of the neck and head is minimal.
  • the gap delimited between the neck protector and neck contributes to the minimal restriction of movement of the neck and head of a user.
  • the gap delimited, when the neck and head are in an upright position is preferably between about 1 and 10 cm, and most preferably ' between about 2 and 5 cm.
  • the ballistic neck protector may be of wrapover arrangement.
  • wrapover refers to the arrangement of a discontinuous substantially flat material about (wrapped round) an object such that opposite sides of the material overlap.
  • a wrapover neck protector could be formed from an elongated substantially flat . material, such as a soft armour material, which could be generally of rectangular . surface area, wherein opposite sides of the elongated material are fastened together such that the opposite sides overlap.
  • the wrapover arrangement provides a discontinuous essentially circular neck protector, providing protection about the whole circumference of the neck.
  • the opposite sides exhibit opposite edges.
  • the opposite sides will be fastened/fixed together such that the opposite edges remain open (not fastened or fixed together), whilst still providing protection about the whole
  • Such an embodiment is herein referred to as an open wrapover arrangement.
  • This arrangement provides for a neck protector that can easily be donned, as the edges of the neck protector part ('open') as the protector is placed over the head of the user, and then return ('close') once the protector is about the neck,
  • the open wrapover arrangement allows for further manoeuvrability and flexibility of movement of the neck, and provides an opening for the movement of hot .air from the body or neck of a user, thus providing for cooling.
  • the soft armour material is preferably sandwiched between a layer of a first material at the inner surface of the neck protector and a layer of a second material at the outer- surface of the neck protector.
  • the first material preferably comprises a hydrophobic material.
  • a hydrophobic material on the inner surface provides for wicking of moisture from the neck, which also provides cooling of the neck and comfort to the user.
  • the hydrophobic material may be nylon or polyester.
  • the second material preferably comprises a fire retardant material.
  • a fire retardant material on the outer surface provides a robust surface with protection from heat/fire/explosions.
  • the fire retardant material may be cotton.
  • the hydrophobic material may have a density of between about 150 and about 200 gm -2 , and the fire retardant material may have a density between about 200 and about 250 gm -2 :
  • the first material/ the second material and the soft armour material are preferably quilted together.
  • the Applicant has discovered that a neck protector made from quilting three layers of material together produces, in comparison to bonding the layers together with an adhesive, a much softer and less bulky neck protector. The bonded neck protector caused some discomfort, and was less flexible.
  • quilted and quilting refers to the sewing/stitching together of three layers of material.
  • the stitching is often in a specific pattern, with lines of stitching often equidistant from each other.
  • the soft armour material is preferably an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibre.
  • the neck protector is preferably able to be washed without substantial degradation.
  • Ultra high molecular polyethylene fibres are substantially resistant to degradation through washing, and are thus a preferred soft armour material.
  • the soft armour material is preferably not a para-aramid material (such as Kevlar®), which do degrade upon washing.
  • the soft armour material preferably has a density of between about 200 to about 500 gm -2 , and most preferably about 400 gm -2 . Such densities provide for a good level of flexible rigidity in the neck protector.
  • the present invention provides an under body armour garment comprising the neck protector of the first aspect.
  • the neck protector is preferably integral with the garment, i.e. . integrated into the garment to provide a modular system.
  • the garment is preferably tight fitting. Although there are some benefits to looser fitting clothing in terms of comfort, tight fitting clothing have a number of major advantages', such a garment is particularly beneficial for hot environments when the wearer is perspiring, but perhaps more importantly a tight fitting garment provides for . reduced interference with other articles of clothing and equipment, which. is of major importance for soldiers. Tight fitting clothing also provides for compression which can help counteract an inflammatory response brought on by muscle damage.
  • Tight fitting garments attow the wearer to feel cooler as moisture can escape through gaps between yarns, they also allow very little air to be held against the skin, providing a cooler microclimate than looser fitting garments.
  • the garment preferably employs materials that have the capability to allow
  • the materials also preferably comprise comfortable and flexible fabrics or fibres to ensure that the garment is not only soft to the touch but also durable over time.
  • the garment thus preferably has a torso comprised of a hydrophobic material, such as nylon or polyester.
  • a hydrophobic material provides for wicking of moisture from the neck, and cooling of the body of a user.
  • the garment preferably has sleeves, and the forearm section of the sleeves preferably comprise a soft armour material to protect veins and arteries.
  • the soft armour material is preferably an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibre.
  • the sleeves are also preferably comprised of a fire retardant material, such as cotton. Since the armour material will be fitted close to the body, as a result of the tight fitting garment, any task hindrance should be minimal with little or no issues related to clothing and equipment integration.
  • the inner layer of the neck protector and the torso of the garment are preferably elasticated, and preferably comprise between about .10% and about 30% elastane, or similar material.
  • the sleeves and the outer layer of the neck protector may also be elasticated, and may comprise between about 10% and about 30% elastane, or similar material.
  • Such an elastane content enables the high stretch and recovery required for a tight fitting garment, and correct placement of the armour material in the garment.
  • Such an elastane content also contributes to the flexible rigidity of the neck protector.
  • the elastane content in the garment is preferably about 15%.
  • Any seams in the neck protector or garment should preferably be sealed and covered so that they do not cause rubbing against sensitive areas of the skin, Any seams are preferably positioned such that chaffing and rubbing does not occur with movement. Seams are preferably not placed in areas of anticipated discomfort, such as the underarms. '
  • the garment may comprise elbow protection, such as provided by an elbow pad inserted in to the sleeve of the garment. Protection could be provided for example by a d3oTM impact protection elbow pad, having a 'Lock and Key' construction to fit around the elbow, providing comfort, flexibility and good range of movement to the wearer.
  • elbow protection such as provided by an elbow pad inserted in to the sleeve of the garment. Protection could be provided for example by a d3oTM impact protection elbow pad, having a 'Lock and Key' construction to fit around the elbow, providing comfort, flexibility and good range of movement to the wearer.
  • Figure 1 illustrates, three perspectives of the neck protector when integral with an under body armour combat shirt, and being worn beneath body armour
  • Figure 2 is an illustration of the front of a first embodiment of the under body armour garment comprising a first embodiment of the neck protector, -
  • Figure 3 is an illustration of the back of the first embodiment of the under body armour garment comprising the first embodiment of the neck protector
  • Figure .4 is a graph representing task success, according to a user, whilst wearing various under body armour garments,
  • Figure 5 is a graph representing task acceptability, according to a user, whilst wearing various under body armour garments, and
  • Figure 6 is a graph representing the usability, comfort, satisfaction and integration of under body armour garments, according to a user, when worn under body armour, and attempting various tasks.
  • an improved under body armour garment having a neck protector 1 , preferably constructed of multiple layers of material, including a soft armour material, quilted together/including an open wraparound collar 2, providing for ease of donning and doffing of the garment without loss of protection to the neck.
  • the torso 3 of the garment preferably consists of a high-stretch synthetic blend fabric which dries fast, and won't absorb
  • the garment includes sleeves 4 which are preferably comprised of a non-melt fabric, such as cotton, to avoid melt injuries to exposed areas.
  • the sleeves 4 also preferably comprise a stretchable material, thus providing for close fitting to the arms of a wearer.
  • the sleeves include a forearm layer 5 of soft armour material to protect the forearms from ballistic materials, with a narrow stretch panel 6 remaining free of any armour protection to ensure retention of the close fitting property of the fabric to the arms of a wearer.
  • the sleeves also include elbow protection 7, which is preferably a lightweight, economically shaped pad on the inside of the sleeve.
  • the garment preferably includes flat bonded seams 8,- which provide for a flat finish - which prevents chafing of close fitting garments.
  • the neck protector preferably includes a depression 9 to accommodate the nape of the neck of a wearer, and to ensure comfort to the wearer.
  • wrapover collar design preferably an open wrapover collar design, also ' removes the need for any zip or fastening means at the neck opening, which is historically an area of discomfort and vulnerability.
  • a strip of stretch fabric to be left without protection on the outer side of the forearm, to allow the stretch needed. for the sleeve to fit correctly and comfortably.
  • Torso to consist of a fabric, such as nylon or lycra, capable of providing for cooling of the body.
  • a fabric such as nylon or lycra
  • polyester/lycra could be used, at a potentially lower cost.
  • the sleeve and collar include a "non-melt" fabric, such as cotton, to avoid the potential for fabric melting onto the skin in the event of flash heat / flames.
  • a non-melt fabric such as cotton
  • a significant elastane content (more than 10%, and preferably 15% or more) allows for the stretch and recovery required in a close fitting garment, especially for the stretch and recovery required for the narrow "unprotected" strip in the lower arm.
  • An elastane content of 15% allows for the high stretch and recovery required for close fit of sleeves and correct placement of the armour protection in the sleeves on the arm.
  • the elastane content provides the high stretch to allow comfortable donning and flexibility in wearing, but also to maintain a. close fit for the protection. It was considered critical to allow some adjustment for comfort or cooling if the wearer wanted to ' push the sleeves part way up over the forearm to expose the wrists, but not to allow the wearer to roll back or push back the sleeves to the elbow, making the protection ineffective. A minimum elastane content of 15% would be required if ultrasonic line bonded seams were to be used in the garment.
  • a "non-melt" fabric is used in the exposed areas of the shirt, such as the collar and arms.
  • Flame retardant (FR) synthetic fibres in warp knit blends were investigated. Since elastane bums it is rarely used, if at all, in such fabrics. Such a fabric would therefore have to be produced specifically for the purpose. Suitable options were considered to be cotton or wool blends. Cotton burns but does not melt. Wool also burns, but self-extinguishes when the flame is removed. Merino wool (a fine fibre which feels comfortable next to skin) would, also be suitable, but achieving Infra red reflectance (IRR) on wool blends is difficult. Cotton/elastane blends are much lower In cost (than Merino) to produce and easier to process with an IRR print.
  • Cotton and wool absorb moisture and will become wet with perspiration. In a dry, " hot climate, however the moisture will evaporate and keep the wearer cool, but the damp fabric can cause chafing and discomfort in a close fit, so it was important to ensure there are no seams in areas where movement could cause chafing, such as the under arm.
  • Nylon and polyester are naturally hydrophobic (non-absorbent) and will retain very little moisture, even without any treatments. Close fitting garments in such fibre blends therefore allow moisture to escape through the gaps between the yarns, and don't hold or retain moisture in the structure. In addition, closer fitting garments allow very little air to be held against the skin, providing a cooler microclimate than looser fits. .
  • the soft armour material was a 100% ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibre with a density of about 200 gm -2 , though it was found that use of two layers of this material in the collar provided for a good balance of protection and flexible rigidity, and thus an effective density of about 400 gm -2 .
  • Bonded under body armour combat shirt (bonded UBACS): Nylon torso with bonded seams and bonded protection.
  • Quilted under body armour combat shirt (quilted UBACS): Polyester torso with sewn seams and quilted sewn protection.
  • the bonded UBACS and Quilted UBACS were compared, under body armour, against each other, and also against the current UBACS shirt (which does not have a collar), and the. current UBACS shirt with an OS4 (Osprey mark IV) collar attached to the body armour.
  • Both of the prototypes had cotton arms and collar, with fire retardant material applied to these exposed areas.
  • the prototypes also included elbow pads for bump protection that were placed into the sleeves using bonded seams (d3oTM).
  • the functional assessment required users to carry out simple, representative ⁇ Dismounted Close Combat (DCC) tasks, whilst wearing each of the configurations in turn.
  • DCC Dismounted Close Combat
  • Range of Movement seated. Range of Movement (ROM) standing. Weapon tasks. Moving loads. Operation of equipment. Movement inside. Movement outside. Vehicle activities.
  • the data from the questionnaire was assessed using a scoring system alongside the 7 -point scale of responses (Table 1 ): ⁇ .
  • Table 1 The scoring system for the questionnaire
  • the task completion data (task success and acceptability), questionnaire data and subjective feedback were examined to allow for conclusions to be made about the assessment.
  • the Quilted UBACS performed the best, with 100% task success, this was due to: fit, mobility and integration (evidence based upon subjective feedback from participants and observations made by investigators)
  • the neoprene pads in the forearm of the current UBACS shirt restricted ROM and interacted poorly with other clothing and equipment.
  • the closer fit design of the quilted and bonded UBACS allowed the users to perform tasks with little hindrance and enabled successful completion of tasks that were found to be difficult when wearing the current UBACS.
  • Comfort is an issue with clothing in some current operational environments due to: the heat, integration with other items of clothing and equipment, and the need for . greater levels of protection. The following issues were reported:
  • nepprene pads in the current UBACS were found to cause a thermal build up as they were not breathable and described as 'hot and cumbersome'. The body of the garment also caused thermal discomfort.
  • the OS4 collar also gave a sensation of choking as it pushed down on the neck causing friction and rubbing against the skin.
  • the collar and cuff of the Bonded UBACS proved to be very uncomfortable due to rigidity and thickness of the protection.
  • the tight fit and material of the bonded and quilted UBACS were found to be more comfortable in terms of thermal comfort (hydrophobic) and feel against the skin. Participants also felt that the tighter fit of the prototype garments allowed for greater ROM.
  • the collar of the Quilted UBACS was found to-be very comfortable. Participants preferred the overlap design to the zip of the current UBACS. The shape and fit of the collar also allowed full ROM of the head and neck (vital for patrolling, weapon use and maintaining general situational awareness) without chafing or rubbing.
  • the d3oTM elbow pad was found to improve comfort when leaning on the elbow during tasks such as leopard crawl, however participants did feel that tapering the * edges of this would improve fit and position of the d3oTM pad.
  • Satisfaction scores comprised of a participant's rating of how attractive they found each configuration, how confident they were using / wearing it, and how satisfied they were with the configuration, with a specific focus on operational application;
  • the Bonded UBACS seams tended to rip, this reduced participants' confidence in the item as it would leave areas of the body vulnerable to fragments and other debris such as needles when crawling etc.
  • the bonded seams were not robust enough for the performance of some military tasks.
  • the Quilted UBACS was rated much more satisfactory than other configurations. Participants liked the sports apparel style design, integration, level and location of protection comfort afforded by the material, and design features (i.e. collar, seams, fit).
  • neoprene padding in the current UBACS shirt was found to be 'cumbersome' and 'ill fitting', interacting poorly with equipment such as weapons and restricting ROM.
  • the rigid collar of the Bonded UBACS added to the issue of the day sack pushing the helmet forward when in prone position, thus adding to. the restriction on th'e user when performing tasks such as leopard crawl and prone weapon firing. Both the collar and forearm protection also restricted participants general ROM due to the . rigidity and stiffness of the bonded protection. • The tight fit of the Quilted UBACS and low profile / softer design of the protection allowed for better movement and.significantly reduced issues of integration.
  • Arm material the cotton material used for the arms of the quilted and bonded UBACS was not robust enough for use during the functional assessment, and therefore, not robust enough for the operational environment.
  • the weight of the material should be increased to. ensure that the arms of the shirt are able to withstand constant use and interaction with tough materials (i.e. gravel when crawling on the ground etc).
  • Tight fit the tight fit of the quilted and bonded UBACS garments allowed moisture to escape through gaps between yarns and did not hold/retain moisture in the structure. They also allowed very little air to be held against the skin, providing a cooler ' microclimate than looser fits. The tighter fit was also preferred aesthetically as this was thought to be like popular sports apparel. The tight fit also moved with the wearer causing minimal interaction with other items of clothing or equipment.
  • quilted/softer protection also minimised the interaction with other items at the forearm enabling the wearer greater movement and flexibility.
  • Elbow pads the d3oTM elbow (bump protection) pads were found to be a useful feature, particularly in the prone position. Participants felt that the edge of these pads needed to be tapered to allow the pad to sit better underneath the elbow when leaning on the ground or performing tasks such as leopard crawl and prone shot.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une protection de cou destinée à protéger les zones 1 et 2 du cou de matériaux balistiques, qui entrave au minimum les mouvements de la tête et du cou de l'utilisateur. L'invention concerne aussi des vêtements portés sous le gilet de protection qui comprennent la protection de cou.
EP13710515.1A 2012-03-08 2013-03-07 Protection balistique du cou Withdrawn EP2823250A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1204099.4A GB201204099D0 (en) 2012-03-08 2012-03-08 Ballistic neck protector
PCT/GB2013/000102 WO2013132212A1 (fr) 2012-03-08 2013-03-07 Protection balistique du cou

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2823250A1 true EP2823250A1 (fr) 2015-01-14

Family

ID=46003327

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13710515.1A Withdrawn EP2823250A1 (fr) 2012-03-08 2013-03-07 Protection balistique du cou

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20150013039A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2823250A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2013229278A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2866334A1 (fr)
GB (2) GB201204099D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013132212A1 (fr)

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US9936751B1 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-04-10 Francesco Mignone Towel/absorptive arm sleeve and means of hands free toweling
US9370707B2 (en) 2014-05-13 2016-06-21 Akervall Technologies, Inc. Adaptive mouth guard and method of use
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US11466962B2 (en) * 2016-08-31 2022-10-11 Tyr Tactical, Llc Ballistic collar
US11186063B2 (en) * 2018-01-16 2021-11-30 Piana Nonwovens Lapped nonwoven with attachable backing and applications thereof
US20210228922A1 (en) * 2020-01-23 2021-07-29 Jose Raymundo ITURRIAGA GARCIA Collar for safety harness for the protection of personnel working at heights, in case of falls
USD1003523S1 (en) 2021-01-07 2023-10-31 Akervall Technologies, Inc. Mouthguard
USD1015645S1 (en) 2021-01-07 2024-02-20 Akervall Technologies, Inc. Mouthguard
USD995789S1 (en) 2021-12-02 2023-08-15 Akervall Technologies, Inc. Whitening tray for teeth

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20150013039A1 (en) 2015-01-15
GB2500117A (en) 2013-09-11
GB201304329D0 (en) 2013-04-24
CA2866334A1 (fr) 2013-09-12
WO2013132212A1 (fr) 2013-09-12
GB201204099D0 (en) 2012-04-18
GB2500117B (en) 2015-07-08
AU2013229278A1 (en) 2014-09-25

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