EP2810267A1 - Transmetteur de signal, système et procédé de mise en évidence d'objets dans le trafic routier, utilisation du système et utilisation du transmetteur de signal - Google Patents

Transmetteur de signal, système et procédé de mise en évidence d'objets dans le trafic routier, utilisation du système et utilisation du transmetteur de signal

Info

Publication number
EP2810267A1
EP2810267A1 EP12809629.4A EP12809629A EP2810267A1 EP 2810267 A1 EP2810267 A1 EP 2810267A1 EP 12809629 A EP12809629 A EP 12809629A EP 2810267 A1 EP2810267 A1 EP 2810267A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal generator
traffic
signal
carrier material
detection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12809629.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sighard SCHRÄBLER
Stefan LÜKE
Ronald Bayer
Ulrich STÄHLIN
Peter Rieth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Original Assignee
Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102012219106A external-priority patent/DE102012219106A1/de
Application filed by Continental Teves AG and Co OHG filed Critical Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Publication of EP2810267A1 publication Critical patent/EP2810267A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/12—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using a selected wavelength, e.g. to sense red marks and ignore blue marks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • B60T7/22—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger initiated by contact of vehicle, e.g. bumper, with an external object, e.g. another vehicle, or by means of contactless obstacle detectors mounted on the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D15/00—Steering not otherwise provided for
    • B62D15/02—Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
    • B62D15/025—Active steering aids, e.g. helping the driver by actively influencing the steering system after environment evaluation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/30—Arrangements interacting with transmitters or receivers otherwise than by visible means, e.g. using radar reflectors or radio transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06046—Constructional details
    • G06K19/06084—Constructional details the marking being based on nanoparticles or microbeads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06046—Constructional details
    • G06K19/0614—Constructional details the marking being selective to wavelength, e.g. color barcode or barcodes only visible under UV or IR
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
    • G06V20/56—Context or environment of the image exterior to a vehicle by using sensors mounted on the vehicle
    • G06V20/58—Recognition of moving objects or obstacles, e.g. vehicles or pedestrians; Recognition of traffic objects, e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights or roads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
    • G06V20/56—Context or environment of the image exterior to a vehicle by using sensors mounted on the vehicle
    • G06V20/58—Recognition of moving objects or obstacles, e.g. vehicles or pedestrians; Recognition of traffic objects, e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights or roads
    • G06V20/582—Recognition of moving objects or obstacles, e.g. vehicles or pedestrians; Recognition of traffic objects, e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights or roads of traffic signs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/095—Traffic lights
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/09623—Systems involving the acquisition of information from passive traffic signs by means mounted on the vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
    • G08G1/166—Anti-collision systems for active traffic, e.g. moving vehicles, pedestrians, bikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2555/00—Input parameters relating to exterior conditions, not covered by groups B60W2552/00, B60W2554/00
    • B60W2555/60—Traffic rules, e.g. speed limits or right of way
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/74—Systems using reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. IFF, i.e. identification of friend or foe

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a signal transmitter for highlighting objects in traffic according to the preamble of claim 1, a system for highlighting and detection of objects in traffic according to the preamble of claim 14, a method for highlighting and detection of objects in traffic according to the preamble of claim 27 and a Using the auto switch and using the system.
  • driver assistance systems which are essentially common that they serve to relieve the driver in the traffic.
  • driver assistance systems often also develop vehicle-preventive measures that go beyond a pure comfort effect, for example in the form of warning outputs to the driver or even interventions in the vehicle control system.
  • the necessary information capture is based partly on environment sensors, on digital maps or even on vehicle-to-X communication. All of these systems depend on the highest possible reliability and a high density of the collected information. In order to collect information for such systems It is also known to provide road users or even traffic signs with special markings to make it easier or even more effective for the driver himself.
  • DE 10 2010 031 254 AI discloses a traffic safety communication system for increasing the traffic safety of pedestrians.
  • the traffic safety communication system includes a traffic safety communication device integrated in a pedestrian's shoe and a safety risk analysis device in a vehicle.
  • the security risk analysis device sends a signal which activates the power supply of the traffic safety communication device when it receives it. If the traffic safety communication device has been activated, this in turn sends a signal from which the safety risk analysis device determines a position, a walking speed and, if applicable, a potentially increased danger potential (for example when a child is detected) of the pedestrian. If the safety risk analysis device detects an actual danger to the pedestrian by the own vehicle, a corresponding warning is issued to the driver.
  • a marking device for persons which can be attached, for example, to the clothing of the person and by means of an invisible radiation signal or acoustic or optical signals indicates the position of the person.
  • the marking equipment In addition, the device automatically collects data from its surroundings and can thus alert the person to any dangers.
  • DE 10 2008 061 301 A1 describes a validation of information acquired by environment sensors by other environment sensor information which can be used, for example, for the so-called “target validated braking.”
  • a radar signal is validated by means of a camera signal by confirming that the camera signal
  • An additional distance measurement by means of a stereo camera is not provided due to this validation by a second sensor, the reliability of the information is sufficiently high to initiate an autonomous braking process to avoid accidents.
  • DE 10 2008 023 972 A1 discloses a method and a device for detecting traffic-relevant information in a moving vehicle.
  • sensor data of a sensor and map data of a navigation system are interpreted to identify the traffic-relevant information.
  • the sensor can be designed as a visual sensor in the form of a camera looking in the direction of travel.
  • the sensor data and map data are fed to a set of rules and evaluated by this.
  • a speed limit detected by the camera in the form of a traffic sign is first compared with the map data. If the map data confirm the validity of the speed limit, the speed limit is displayed to the driver.
  • the devices and systems known in the prior art are disadvantageous for various reasons.
  • the known signal generator for interaction with the corresponding systems often rely on its own power supply to actively generate a signal.
  • their availability depends on the presence of a sufficient amount of energy, for example in the form of a battery, or a suitable generator.
  • the signal transmitter according to the invention for highlighting objects in traffic comprises a marking agent and a carrier material, wherein the marking agent is arranged covering at least one surface side of the carrier material on the carrier material and / or a substance of the carrier material is mixed, wherein the signal generator impinging electromagnetic radiation of at least one predeterminable wavelength band reflected by means of the marking agent.
  • the signal generator according to the invention is characterized in that a spectral width and a spectral position of the at least one predeterminable wavelength band are characterized by a size and / or a size distribution and / or a form of nanoparticles contained in the marking agent and / or embossed by a surface nanostructuring of the marking agent are, wherein the spectral position of the at least one predeterminable wavelength band is in an infrared spectral range.
  • Reflective properties in the form of the spectral width and the spectral position of the at least one predeterminable wavelength band can be adjusted specifically. For example, comparatively narrow reflecting wavelength bands with sharp transitions can be produced in a non-reflecting wavelength range. It has been found that nanoparticles or a surface nanostructuring allow targeted adjustment of new optical properties or new optical functionalities of materials and surfaces.
  • the nanoparticles can also be contained in a dye, for example, which is applied to the carrier material.
  • the surface nanostructuring has a topographical profile whose height structuring corresponds substantially to the size of nanoparticles which reflect in a wavelength band.
  • the nanoparticles or surface nanostructuring it is also possible to generate a plurality of wavelength bands spaced apart from one another with an adjustable spectral distance, which each reflect the incident electromagnetic radiation of the corresponding wavelengths.
  • a wavelength-dependent intensity modulation of the reflected electromagnetic radiation can be effected.
  • the perceived feature size is variable with the viewing angle, it can determine the orientation (e.g., oblique impingement of the electromagnetic radiation or perpendicular impact of the electromagnetic radiation). This property can be used according to the invention to determine an orientation of the highlighted object for different applications.
  • the marker of the signal generator can be configured both as a solid and as a liquid, suspension or powder. Since the effect of the invention effected by the marking agent acts, the only requirement for the carrier material, that this is suitable for coating with the marking agent or for admixing to the substance of the marking agent. Examples of suitable marking agents include textiles, plastics, metals and paints. Especially in textiles and paints, the marking agent can be easily arranged on the carrier material.
  • Another advantage results from the spectral position of the at least one predeterminable wavelength band in the infrared spectral range.
  • the reflected electromagnetic radiation is positioned in a spectral range separated from the visible light and thus invisible to the human eye.
  • this also contributes to maintaining a design or fashionable character of a garment, as well as the reflective effect of the signal generator to the human eye is not detectable.
  • it simplifies reliable detection of the signal generator since this reflects in a separated from the visible spectral range wavelength band and thus comparatively easily recognizable by its wavelength as inventive signal generator.
  • the signal generator according to the invention is preferably detected by a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle detecting in the infrared spectral range and recognized as such.
  • the driver assistance system can initiate a reaction which is appropriate for the situation, ranging from an autonomous control intervention, in particular emergency braking, via warning of the driver, to complete passivity of the driver assistance system, provided that no danger is recognized and thus no reaction is necessary.
  • the invention offers the advantage of a very cost-effective method to emphasize pedestrians, especially children, cyclists and motorcyclists, but also traffic-related facilities such as warning signs or lane boundaries in the road.
  • the carrier material is suitable for incorporation into garments and / or ornaments and / or transport containers without diminishing their aesthetic value and / or changing their appearance style
  • the garments are especially shoes and / or headgear
  • the jewelry items especially bracelets and / or hair ornaments
  • the transport containers in particular Rucksacks and / or satchels and / or bags are.
  • the signal generator according to the invention can easily be applied to garments of any kind, e.g. Jackets, hats, shirts, pants and / or shoes, even after they have been manufactured and sold to the end user.
  • This can e.g. be made possible by a suitable textile material is selected as the carrier material.
  • the carrier material is a garment and / or an article of jewelery and / or a transport container, wherein the garment is in particular a shoe and / or a headgear, wherein the jewelery article is in particular a bracelet and / or a hair ornament and wherein Transport container in particular a backpack and / or a satchel and / or a bag is.
  • the marking agent can be embodied either in the form of nanoparticles, which are arranged on the carrier material, or in the form of a surface nanostructuring, which can itself also be part of the carrier material. In the latter case, therefore, a surface of the carrier material is used as a marking agent.
  • the satchels may be provided proportionately or completely with the signal generator according to the invention, for example, for their production, a special nanostructured fiber can be used.
  • the signal generator does not need to be regularly re-applied to the satchel because the satchel consists at least partially of the signal generator and the emphasis is thus permanent.
  • corresponding signal acquisition modules which include, for example, a spatially resolving camera, are available, machine-readable information in the form of a symbol or a barcode may also be included.
  • Machine-readable information in the form of a specially selected reflected infrared wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is also possible.
  • such machine-readable information can also be visually detected by the human eye in the visible wavelength spectrum being represented.
  • a barcode which can only be detected in the infrared could be combined with a pictogram detectable by the human eye, the barcode and the pictogram describing the same information or the same information.
  • a human observer has the opportunity to check the information read out by a corresponding system, which further increases the security of the method according to the invention.
  • the marking agent is a clothes detergent and / or a shampoo and / or a shoe polish and / or a skin cream and / or a lacquer and / or a fiber and / or a powder and / or a suspension and / or a solution and / or a paste, wherein the fiber is particularly useful for the production of fabrics and / or textiles.
  • This increases the range of application of the signal generator according to the invention, since it can be transferred or applied via the mentioned embodiments of the marking means to a multiplicity of other objects or even to persons. For example, When using a shoe polish as a marker with this shoe cream cleaned shoes are provided with the marking agent and thus have the properties already described.
  • the signaler is on a directly on a human
  • a fiber is used as a marking agent and a garment, for example a jacket, is produced from this fiber, there is the particular advantage that the signal generator is comparatively large and thus has a comparatively large emphasis. Effect unfolds.
  • the marking agent are used for this embodiment, which are harmless to health.
  • it is a shampoo or a skin cream, special attention must be paid to the health safety and tolerability.
  • nanoparticles made of silver, so-called “nanosilver” should be avoided, as these may be harmful to health.
  • the signaler is contained in a clothes detergent, it adheres to the corresponding garment after a washing process with the clothes detergent.
  • the attachment of the signal generator to the garment by the end customer can thus be effected by using a corresponding clothing detergent itself.
  • a lacquer used as a marking agent is particularly preferably used for coating a traffic sign or the road surface, while the fiber is particularly preferably used for the production of a traffic warning vest.
  • the marking means by means of a spraying device, in particular by means of a spray can, is applied to the carrier material.
  • a spraying device in particular by means of a spray can
  • the marking means is applied to the carrier material.
  • the signal generator according to the invention is as a marker preferably a selected on an object adhering and drying suspension or a sprayable paint. In this way, for example, garments, bags, backpacks but also any kind of stationary object can be provided with the signal generator.
  • the marking agent is not permanently adhering to the carrier material.
  • a signal generator attached to a garment by means of a spray device may be removed by washing the garment. This too can increase the willingness to use the signal generator, since its application, in particular to garments, is therefore largely irreversible. In order to ensure a permanent highlighting of the marked object, a regular re-application is necessary in this case.
  • the emphasis on satchels of school children with the signal generator according to the invention is particularly preferred.
  • the emphasis can either be applied already in the manufacture of the satchel, or later affixed by the end customer himself, e.g. by means of a
  • the signal generator Since the signal generator is imperceptible to the human eye due to its use of infrared wavelengths, the advantage, in particular in the case of children, is that a change in the design or appearance of the satchel, which may be perceived as disturbing, does not occur.
  • the problem is solved that many children due to the visually perceptible, perceived as unaesthetic appearance of known signal generators - such as optical reflector elements and so-called cat - refuse to wear safety vests, caps or satchels fitted with such signaling devices, although they can make a significant contribution to their safety on the roads.
  • the signal generator must be re-applied regularly, since depending on the nature of the adherence (e.g., spray or cream) and the nature of the object being highlighted (e.g., clothing or skin), the marking effect is of limited duration. If the signal generator is in direct or indirect contact with a part of the human body, special attention is paid in this case to the health safety of all materials used.
  • the signal generator stores at least one coded information in machine-readable form, wherein the coded information is contained in an at least one-dimensional barcode and / or a wavelength and / or at least one two-dimensional symbol.
  • the encoded information may be an object property, such as whether it is a living object or an inanimate object. In particular, the information may describe the object as a child.
  • the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the signal generator is imperceptible to the human eye, Also, the at least one-dimensional barcode or the at least one two-dimensional symbol is not perceived by the human eye and thus not perceived as disturbing.
  • An additional advantage resulting from the lack of visibility for the human eye in this context is that malicious intentions for the misuse of the signal generator are reduced because the signal generator is inconspicuous or imperceptible.
  • a mounted on a traffic sign at least one-dimensional barcode or mounted on a road sign symbol is also perceptible in the spectral range visible to the human eye to the detection range and reliability of recognizability of the signal transmitter by the greater width of the predeterminable wavelength band on to improve.
  • a traffic sign on which a bar code or a symbol has been attached does not contain any other information in a different form. Such a traffic sign thus has only the bar code or the symbol and the information contained encoded by the bar code or the symbol is not to be understood by a human observer.
  • machine-readable in the context of the invention is to be understood broadly and refers to the evaluation of a pattern, a symbol or a barcode by means of an infrared-sensitive camera or an infrared-sensitive laser scanner or any other suitable device.
  • the pattern, symbol or barcode extends into the visible spectrum, it is not imperative that the laser scanner or the camera are infrared-sensitive.
  • the at least one coded information describes a genus of the object.
  • This makes it possible, for example, to differentiate between different types of traffic signs and different types of road users, without having to expect a complex image recognition algorithm from a corresponding vehicle-side image recognition device.
  • the signal generator according to the invention thus helps a vehicle-side image recognition device to better interpret a context. This simplifies the autonomous detection of objects in traffic while increasing the reliability of the detection. In particular, in this way children can be identified and recognized in the road as such, which is advantageous in that they are particularly vulnerable due to their often careless behavior.
  • the objects are road users and / or traffic advisors, wherein the road users are in particular vehicles and / or pedestrians and / or bicycles and wherein the traffic advisor in particular traffic signs and / or lane markings and / or milestones and / or traffic lights and / or Lantern posts and / or guide posts and / or traffic cones are.
  • the road users are in particular vehicles and / or pedestrians and / or bicycles and wherein the traffic advisor in particular traffic signs and / or lane markings and / or milestones and / or traffic lights and / or Lantern posts and / or guide posts and / or traffic cones are.
  • the nanoparticles consist of a noble metal, in particular of gold, and / or of an alkali metal. It has been shown that there is a relationship between the size or shape of electrically conductive nanoparticles and the spectral reflection maximum.
  • the invention makes use of the effect that electromagnetic radiation impinging on an electrically conductive nanoparticle excites the electron cloud of the nanoparticle, whereby a portion of the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed, while at the same time a strong wavelength-dependent, characterized by the size and shape of the nanoparticle Scattering of electromagnetic radiation occurs.
  • the wavelength band has a spectral width.
  • the size distribution generally has the behavior of a so-called Gaussian curve. The wider the Gaussian curve representing the size distribution, the larger the width of the reflected wavelength band is.
  • the nanoparticles are produced by ablation, in particular laser ablation, and / or abrasion.
  • Ablation processes in particular laser ablation processes, are processes in which the nanoparticles are formed by the action of heat on a base body and detach from the base body as a result of the action of heat.
  • the nanoparticles are created by abrasion of a body. Both methods have comparatively easily controllable process conditions and are therefore advantageously suitable for producing the nanoparticles having the desired size or size distribution or shape.
  • the size and / or the size distribution and / or the shape of the nanoparticles be self-assembled, preferably by means of repulsive van der Waals forces, ie in the presence of a negative Hamaker constant.
  • the so-called self-organization is an effect that occurs in the range of nanoparticles or nanostructured surfaces under certain process conditions. Depending on the process conditions, self-organization occurs to varying degrees or in different forms.
  • the invention makes use of the effect of self-organization in the production of the nanoparticles in that they thus have a comparatively uniform size or shape. point.
  • Hamaker constant is still a possibility for comparatively precise prediction of the size of the used for self-organization Van der Waals forces, since the Hamaker constant is a descriptive of the force acting between two nanoparticles power. In particular, in the physical description of acting in dispersions and suspensions Van der Waals forces of the Hamaker constant is relatively important.
  • the Hamaker constant itself can be determined from the dielectric constant or the ionization potential of the nanoparticles.
  • the marking agent has a reflection maximum in the infrared spectrum, in particular in the near infrared spectrum of 700 nm to 1000 nm.
  • This spectral range is imperceptible to the human eye, whereby the marking agent itself is imperceptible.
  • an optical appearance of the signal generator essentially only by the almost arbitrary selectable carrier germaterial shaped.
  • the signal generator is therefore generally not optically disturbing.
  • said spectral range of 700 nm to 1000 nm has both good propagation properties and sufficiently high transmissivity through a thermal insulation glazing of a vehicle, with which the signal generator can be detected by a signal acquisition module of a vehicle.
  • this wavelength range the already long-known, reliable and very cost-effective
  • silicon-based photodiodes can be used.
  • the invention further relates to a system for highlighting and detecting objects in traffic, which comprises at least one signal generator and at least one signal acquisition module, wherein the at least one signal generator incident electromagnetic radiation at least one predeterminable wavelength band reflected and wherein the at least one signal detection module from one of the at least one signal generator reflected electromagnetic radiation detected by at least one infrared-sensitive detection element.
  • the system according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one signal generator is the signal generator according to the invention which has already been described in detail. The advantages of the signal generator according to the invention have already been set forth.
  • the signal generator in a system according to the invention with a signal acquisition module for detecting the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the signal generator, there is the additional advantage that within the system an effective recognition of the signal Bers and possibly an evaluation of coded held information held by the signal generator are possible.
  • the signal acquisition module irradiates the at least one signal generator by means of at least one radiation element with electromagnetic radiation of a predeterminable wavelength band, in particular with electromagnetic radiation in the near infrared spectrum of 700 nm to 1000 nm irradiated.
  • the recourse to this spectral range leads to the already described advantages with respect to the lack of visibility for the human eye and the comparatively high transmissivity through thermal insulation glazing.
  • the commonly used thermal insulation glazing has a reflection maximum for electromagnetic radiation in the mid-infrared spectrum, i. in the wavelength range of about 30 ⁇ to about 50 ⁇ .
  • electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of 700 nm to 1000 nm is relatively harmless to humans, especially to the human eye.
  • precautions should also be taken when the radiant power exceeds certain power thresholds, and in particular when the radiant power is emitted in a coherent manner.
  • effective radiation elements and detection elements are comparatively inexpensive in this spectral range.
  • the radiation element illuminates the area in front of the motor vehicle up to a certain distance infrared and thus imperceptible to the human eye. If the area illuminated in the infrared According to the signal generator, it reflects the electromagnetic radiation impinging on it so that it can be detected by the signal acquisition module.
  • the at least one radiation element is an LED, in particular an infrared LED. LEDs are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and at the same time have a long service life and a low energy requirement.
  • the beam power of the at least one beam element is chosen such that damage and injury to human and animal eyes can be excluded.
  • the radiant power is in particular comparable to the radiant power of a conventional flashlight or possibly also of a motor vehicle headlight.
  • the LED in particular the infrared LED
  • the LED is pulsed energized.
  • this increases the service life of the LED since thermal wear effects caused are reduced.
  • improved it detects the detectability of the signal generator for the signal acquisition module, as this can search for reflected electromagnetic radiation, which has the emitted pulse frequency.
  • the at least one infrared-sensitive detection element and the LED, in particular the infrared LED are operated synchronously pulsed.
  • the at least one detection element and the LEDs synchronously there is the advantage that a so-called carrier frequency method can be used.
  • a so-called carrier frequency method can be used.
  • all detected radiation that does not correspond to the pulse frequency of the detection element or the LED be discarded. This improves the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces the necessary radiation power of the at least one LED.
  • the at least one detection element prefferably be a photodiode and / or a camera
  • a photodiode has the advantages that it is inexpensive to produce, durable and robust.
  • a camera and a laser scanner offer the advantages that they are spatially resolvable and can read barcodes or two-dimensional symbols. By means of two cameras or a stereo camera is also a distance determination to the signal generator possible.
  • the signal acquisition module comprises two independent detection elements and a separating diaphragm, wherein effective detection ranges of Detection elements are oriented in different directions on a horizontal plane and wherein the detection ranges are determined in particular by an arrangement of the divider.
  • the direction detection can be further improved or resolved higher, the more detection elements and separating diaphragms are used to shield individual detection elements against certain solid angles.
  • Such signal acquisition modules with an infrared LED as a radiation element and two separated by a divider infrared photodiodes as detection elements are known as so-called "closing velocity" sensors and already present in a variety of current vehicles.
  • the system according to the invention can be used essentially without additional costs on the vehicle side for increasing safety on the road.
  • the at least one photodiode and / or the at least one camera and / or the at least one laser scanner is shielded by means of a daylight blocking filter against impinging electromagnetic radiation in a visible spectral range. This results in the advantage that interference in the detection of the signal generator can be reduced. This improves the reliability of the detection of the signal generator and reduces error detection.
  • the signal detection module is capable of reading out a coded information contained in a reflected wavelength of the signal generator by means of wavelength-selective filters and / or different wavelength-dependent sensitivities of different detection elements.
  • the signal transmitter can emit electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength band from 700 nm to 800 nm and in a further wavelength band from 900 nm up to
  • the electromagnetic radiation thus reflected via a wavelength-dependent intensity modulation may, for example, contain information about the type of object highlighted by the signal generator and be read out by the signal acquisition module by means of the wavelength-selective filters and / or the different wavelength-dependent sensitivities of different detection elements.
  • the at least one camera and / or the at least one laser scanner is capable of reading out encoded information held in an at least one-dimensional barcode and / or in a two-dimensional symbol of the signal generator.
  • the already described types of information can be read out in a simple manner by means of the camera or the laser scanner, provided that they are kept in an at least one-dimensional barcode and / or in a two-dimensional symbol of the signal generator.
  • Reflectivity of the at least one signal generator and sensitivity of the at least one detection element limit a detection range of the system to 15 m.
  • a detection area in front of a vehicle which is usually relevant in urban areas is detected.
  • a detection area of 15 m is usually sufficient to stop the vehicle from a city-standard speed by means of autonomous braking intervention and to prevent a rear-end collision with an object provided with the signal generator.
  • limiting the detection range to 15 m prevents detectors from being detected outside of a relevant area and leads to error detection. Since a large number of irrelevant objects is thus masked from the outset, the system is relatively robust and reliable.
  • the signal acquisition module is affiliated to a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle and capable of triggering autonomous braking intervention and / or autonomous steering intervention and / or warning a driver by means of optical and / or acoustic and / or haptic warning means.
  • the system according to the invention can advantageously use a signal acquisition module already present in the motor vehicle, which reduces the implementation costs of the system into a vehicle.
  • the driver assistance system depending on the nature of the driver assistance system - a corresponding warning or even a Bremsenrang. Control intervention to be triggered.
  • the signal acquisition module is thus designed so that it can trigger an autonomous brake intervention to prevent a collision of the motor vehicle, in which the signal detection module is arranged on the highlighted with the signal generator or by itself from reflecting object. If the read-out device detects an object in the detection area, an autonomous brake intervention can be triggered.
  • the autonomous brake intervention may possibly precede a visual or acoustic or haptic warning to the driver, so that no brake intervention is necessary if the driver reacts sufficiently quickly.
  • the autonomous brake intervention may initially be limited to a certain delay, for example 0.3 g, and only when the driver initiates a braking operation in turn is an emergency stop initiated.
  • an autonomous steering intervention is preferably additionally or alternatively provided to avoid the object marked with the signal generator.
  • the steering intervention can be initially limited analogous to the brake intervention to a specific, predetermined steering angle and only if the driver in turn initiates a steering operation, the setting of a larger steering angle is possible.
  • the intervention may be preceded by an optical or acoustic or haptic warning to the driver, so that the intervention is no longer carried out if the driver reacts with sufficient speed.
  • an enclosure of the detection module can be arranged by means of its wedge-shaped basic shape on an inner side of a vehicle windshield.
  • the inside of a windshield of a vehicle largely provides optimum conditions for detecting the front environment of the vehicle by the signal acquisition module, especially if it is located in an upper area of the windshield, e.g. is arranged at the level of the rearview mirror.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a method for highlighting objects in road traffic, in which an object is highlighted by means of at least one signal generator, wherein the at least one signal transmitter reflects incident electromagnetic radiation of at least one predeterminable wavelength band and wherein a ne from the at least one signal generator reflected electromagnetic radiation is detected by at least one signal detection module.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one signal generator is the signal generator according to the invention which has already been described in detail.
  • the advantages of the signal generator according to the invention and of the system according to the invention, which comprises the signal generator, have already been explained.
  • the process according to the invention leads to the same advantages already described.
  • the signal generator stores at least one coded information in machine-readable form, the coded information being contained in an at least one-dimensional barcode and / or a wavelength and / or at least one two-dimensional symbol
  • the at least one signal acquisition module comprises a camera and / or or a laser scanner which reads the at least one information
  • the object is a traffic advisor and wherein the traffic advisor in particular a road sign and / or a lane markings and / or milestone and / or a traffic light and / or a lamp post and / or a guide post and / or a traffic cone.
  • the road itself, ie, for example, the road surface, like a pavement marking used as a traffic advisor.
  • bends, distances to parking spaces, gas stations or the like can be applied by means of the signal generator on the road.
  • the signal generator on the road. Resulting from the provision of coded information in machine-readable Form, the reliance on a camera or a laser scanner for reading the coded information as well as the arrangement of the signal generator on said objects resulting advantages have already been discussed.
  • the at least one read out information is output optically and / or acoustically to a driver of a motor vehicle in a form that is understandable for him.
  • the driver of the motor vehicle is offered the opportunity to respond appropriately to the information.
  • the signal generator is applied by a motor vehicle on a road surface.
  • This embodiment may be advantageous, for example in an accident reconstruction, when the vehicle applies the recognition of an inevitable accident event, the signal generator on the road to make the trajectory of the vehicle immediately before the accident in a simple manner reconstructed. Since the signal transmitter is not visible to the human eye, drivers of vehicles that pass the accident site later are not irritated.
  • the invention also relates to a use of the system for highlighting and detecting objects in traffic in a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle.
  • the invention relates to a use of the signal transmitter for highlighting objects in traffic for Provision of a variety of information in machine-readable form in a traffic sign.
  • Fig. 5 different embodiments of the signal generator according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows a possible sequence of the method according to the invention in the form of a flowchart.
  • Fig. La shows road sign 1, as it is perceptible to the human eye without aids in the visible spectral range.
  • Road sign 1 indicates an ancestral road sign SSE.
  • traffic light 1 arranged on the traffic sign 1 means traffic sign 1 is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation in the infrared spectral range.
  • a vehicle (not shown), which has an infrared-sensitive camera, can perceive traffic signs 1 in an infrared spectral range, as shown in Fig. Lb.
  • a two-dimensional barcode can be recognized on traffic sign 1, which is recognized and evaluated by the infrared-sensitive camera.
  • the camera is also equipped with a daylight blocking filter, which absorbs disturbing radiation effects from the visible spectral range.
  • the bar code shown initially contains information that traffic sign 1 is the marking of a priority road. Furthermore, the exact GPS position of traffic signs 1 is contained in the barcode in order to determine or correct the position of the vehicle on a digital map, for example by means of a map matching method.
  • the barcode consists of comparatively large individual elements in order to ensure safe and error-free readout via the thus comparatively large signal-to-noise ratio.
  • FIG. 2 shows the wavelength range of the visible spectral range VIS and of the infrared spectral range IR.
  • the infrared spectral range is adjacent to the long-wave limit of the visible spectral range and is thus no longer perceptible to the human eye. The provision of objects in an infrared Therefore, people who perceive the spectral range of the signal transmitter are neither irritating nor disturbing.
  • FIG. 3 shows vehicle 5, which approaches traffic sign 7 on road 6.
  • Traffic sign 7 does not have infrared illumination means, so that only electromagnetic radiation incident on the traffic sign 7 from the environment can be reflected.
  • vehicle 5 has signal detection module 8, which cone 9 emits infrared radiation cone by means of an infrared LED. This meets traffic sign 7 and is reflected there. The visible only in the infrared bar code on traffic signs 7 is now detected and evaluated by signal acquisition module 8.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates, by way of example, signal acquisition module 10, which comprises individual radiation element 11 and detection elements 12 and 13.
  • Radiation element 11 is formed in this case as an infrared LED, while detection elements 12 and 13 are formed as infrared-sensitive photodiodes.
  • a shading function which does not hide directly frontal incident electromagnetic radiation depending on the direction of incidence for detection element 12 or 13.
  • Housing 14 is shaped such that a simple arrangement of signal detection module 10 is ensured behind the windshield at the level of the rear view mirror inside the passenger compartment of a vehicle. Electrical connections to a power supply and a data bus are located on the back of enclosure 14 and are not shown in Fig. 4.
  • the radiation power radiated in the infrared spectral range is sufficiently high to produce reflections in a range of up to 15 m, which can be detected by detection elements 12 and 13 if an infrared-reflecting object is located in the illuminating area.
  • Suitable objects are, for example, sufficiently large metallic objects like other vehicles or even all kinds of objects which are highlighted with the signal generator according to the invention. If the reflected radiation lying in the infrared spectral range is detected by both detection elements 12 and 13 at the same time, read-out device 10 detects an object that is essentially directly frontally within the detection range of 15 m.
  • the signal detection module 10 detects it on a laterally frontal object in the detection range.
  • the reflected radiation lying in the infrared spectral range is only detected by the individual detection element 12 or 13 because of the shielding effect against laterally incident radiation from the separation diaphragm 15.
  • a left-right discrimination of signal detection module 10 can be made.
  • Signal detection module 10 is also able to trigger a brake intervention upon detection of an object located in the detection area and thus to prevent or at least mitigate an imminent collision.
  • Such a signal acquisition module 10 described by way of example, which comprises infrared LED 11 and infrared-sensitive photodiodes 12 and 13, is also known as the so-called "closing velocity sensor".
  • FIG. 5 a shows a signal generator 20 according to the invention, which comprises marking means 21 and carrier material 22.
  • Marking means 21 is a surface side of substrate 22 covering on carrier material 22 arranged. Electromagnetic radiation of an infrared wavelength band impinging on the surface side of carrier material 22 covered by marking agent 21 is reflected by narrowband banding means 21. The spectral width and the spectral position of the infrared wavelength band within which incident electromagnetic radiation is reflected is characterized by the size, size distribution and shape of nanoparticles contained in marker 21.
  • marking agent 21 is a sprayable suspension which has not been permanently adhered to carrier material 22 by means of a spray can.
  • Carrier material 22 is a section of a school uniform of a schoolchild.
  • each surface side of substrate 24 is capable of reflecting incident electromagnetic radiation of at least one predeterminable wavelength band.
  • the spectral width and the spectral position of the wavelength band lie in an infrared spectral range and are characterized by the size, size distribution and shape of the nanoparticles contained in marking agent 24.
  • Signal generator 23 is formed, for example, as a fluorescent body, which fluoresces in the spectral range of visible light.
  • Support material 24 is correspondingly a fluorescent plastic.
  • signal generator 23 is provided for attachment to satchels to meet the DIN 58124, which requires that at least 20% of the surface of the satchel must be provided with fluorescent material.
  • Signal generator 23 thus fluoresces in the visible spectral range, which increases the perceptibility for the human eye and at the same time reflects in the infrared spectral range, which in turn allows perceptibility by a signal acquisition module according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 c shows signal transmitter 25, which surrounds carrier material 26.
  • Surface layer 27 has a surface nanostructuring, which represents the marking agent.
  • substrate 26 and the marking agent are of the same material and differ only in their different surface finish.
  • the marking agent is thus not formed by nanoparticles, but by the surface nanostructuring, which has a topographical profile on the order of the nanoparticles already described.
  • FIG. 6 shows a possible sequence of the method according to the invention for highlighting objects in traffic.
  • infrared radiation in a wavelength range of 700 nm to 1000 nm is emitted by means of a radiation element of a signal acquisition module.
  • the infrared radiation impinges on a signal generator according to the invention, which has a visible only in the infrared spectral range two-dimensional barcode and is reflected by this.
  • the reflected infrared radiation is detected in step 32 by an infrared-sensitive and spatially resolving camera of the signal acquisition module.
  • the signal acquisition module determines that the signal transmitter is located laterally in front of the vehicle on which the signal acquisition module is located.
  • step 33 the two-dimensional barcode is evaluated. This describes the highlighted by the signaler object as a child. Since children often lack the necessary care for a streamlinedbewus stes behavior in traffic, in step 34 but now issued a visual and audible warning to the driver of the vehicle to make it aware that due to an assumed, unpredictable behavior of the detected child is to be expected with the sudden occurrence of a dangerous situation.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un transmetteur de signal (20, 23, 25), servant à mettre en évidence des objets (1, 7) dans le trafic routier, qui comprend un moyen de marquage (21, 24, 26) et un matériau support (22, 24, 26). Le moyen de marquage (21, 24, 26) est disposé sur au moins un côté de la surface du matériau support (22, 24, 26) en recouvrant ce dernier et/ou est mélangé à une substance du matériau support (22, 24, 26) et le transmetteur de signal (20, 23, 25) réfléchit le rayonnement électromagnétique incident dans au moins une bande de longueur d'onde prédéfinissable à l'aide du moyen de marquage (21, 24, 26). Le transmetteur de signal (20, 23, 25) est caractérisé en ce qu'une largeur spectrale et une position spectrale de la ou des bandes de longueur d'onde prédéfinissables sont imposées par une taille et/ou une distribution des tailles et/ou une forme de nanoparticules contenues dans le moyen de marquage (21, 24, 26) et/ou par une nanostructuration de la surface du moyen de marquage (21, 24, 26) et la position spectrale de la ou des bandes de longueur d'onde prédéfinissables se situent dans un domaine infrarouge du spectre. L'invention concerne en outre un système correspondant, un procédé correspondant, ainsi qu'une utilisation du transmetteur de signal et un utilisation du système.
EP12809629.4A 2012-02-03 2012-11-23 Transmetteur de signal, système et procédé de mise en évidence d'objets dans le trafic routier, utilisation du système et utilisation du transmetteur de signal Withdrawn EP2810267A1 (fr)

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DE102012201603 2012-02-03
DE102012219106A DE102012219106A1 (de) 2011-11-21 2012-10-19 SIGNALGEBER, SYSTEM UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERVORHEBUNG VON OBJEKTEN IM STRAßENVERKEHR SOWIE VERWENDUNG DES SYSTEMS UND VERWENDUNG DES SIGNALGEBERS
PCT/EP2012/073459 WO2013113421A1 (fr) 2012-02-03 2012-11-23 Transmetteur de signal, système et procédé de mise en évidence d'objets dans le trafic routier, utilisation du système et utilisation du transmetteur de signal

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CN104094330A (zh) 2014-10-08
CN104094330B (zh) 2016-06-29
KR20140119189A (ko) 2014-10-08
US20150019098A1 (en) 2015-01-15

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