EP2806708B1 - Radiateur - Google Patents
Radiateur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2806708B1 EP2806708B1 EP14169169.1A EP14169169A EP2806708B1 EP 2806708 B1 EP2806708 B1 EP 2806708B1 EP 14169169 A EP14169169 A EP 14169169A EP 2806708 B1 EP2806708 B1 EP 2806708B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- arrangement
- heater
- heating
- heating element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
- F24H3/0429—For vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
- F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
- F24H9/1872—PTC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
- H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement of a heating element and a housing, in particular for a heating or air conditioning system in a motor vehicle, with at least one heating element which is used to heat a fluid flow, the heating element being electrically conductively connected to a voltage source and having live areas.
- Electrically operated heating elements can be used for additional heating of fluid streams.
- a plurality of heating elements is regularly combined to form a radiator.
- the heating element can heat up either completely through the electrically operated heating elements or coupled with structures through which liquid flows, such as a tube-fin block of a heat exchanger.
- Resistance heating elements which convert electrical energy into heat, can be used for heating. So-called PTC heating elements (Positive Temperature Coefficient) are particularly preferred. The use of other electrically operated heating elements can also be provided as an alternative.
- grounding is provided in electrical heating elements.
- a defect in the grounding can lead to a failure of the entire heating element and at the same time increase the risk of a voltage accident.
- the EP 2 161 514 A1 discloses a heater with a plurality of electrically operated heating elements, which are used to heat a fluid flow, the respective heating element being electrically conductively connectable to a voltage source and having live areas, a housing being provided which covers the live areas of the heating elements, the The housing has an opening at one of its end regions, through which the heating element protrudes into the housing, the housing being made in several parts and being divisible for inserting the heating element.
- the EP 2 466 222 A1 also discloses a heater with a plurality of electrically operated heating elements, which are used to heat a fluid flow, the respective heating element being electrically conductively connectable to a voltage source and having live areas, a housing being provided which covers the live areas of the heating elements, wherein the housing is designed in several parts and can be divided to insert the heating elements.
- An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to an arrangement of a heating element and a housing, in particular for a heating or air conditioning system in a motor vehicle, with a plurality of electrical heating elements which are used to heat a fluid flow, with the respective heating element being electrically conductively connected to a voltage source, and has live areas, with an electrically insulating layer being provided, which is designed as a housing and at least partially covers the live areas of the heating element.
- a heating element can either be heated purely by electrically operated heating elements or in combination with a structure through which fluid flows, such as a tube-fin block of a heat exchanger.
- Electrically powered heating elements often have large areas which are in contact with a voltage source and thus pose a potential hazard to humans from electric shock.
- a housing as an electrically insulating layer means here an element which is in electrically conductive contact with a voltage source Surfaces of the heating element are covered as completely as possible. In this case, the possibility is preferably retained that a fluid to be heated enters into thermal exchange with the heating elements.
- the housing either has suitable recesses or, in addition to the electrically insulating property, also has a thermally conductive property. In order to keep the efficiency of the heating element as high as possible, it is advantageous if the thermal conductivity of the housing is particularly high.
- the stability of the radiator can also be positively influenced via a housing.
- the heating element is formed by a PTC heating element.
- a PTC heating element is particularly advantageous because it can be produced inexpensively and it can be shaped to suit the application. Furthermore, PTC elements have a self-regulating property. This means that as the temperature rises, the resistance also increases, which reduces the heating capacity. A constant temperature level can thus be maintained.
- the heating element has a plurality of heating elements, which are arranged in several rows arranged adjacent to one another.
- the performance of the heater can be specifically influenced by using a plurality of heating elements.
- the heating elements can be connected in series and/or parallel to one another.
- a heating output that is tailored to the specific requirements can thus be generated via appropriate interconnections and/or a control unit.
- the heating elements are designed for a supply voltage of more than 110 volts.
- the voltage of the vehicle electrical system is significantly higher than the 12 volts or 24 volts that are common in conventional vehicles today.
- the heating elements are therefore advantageously designed for supply voltages of more than 110 volts.
- the housing has an opening at one of its end regions, through which the heating element can be inserted into the housing.
- heating element can be inserted into the housing in a simple manner. This facilitates assembly and production in particular.
- the housing is designed in several parts and can be divided to insert the heating element.
- a multi-part design can be particularly advantageous if the heating element is to be inserted completely into the housing. Depending on the version, part of the heating element can protrude beyond the housing. For this purpose, openings are advantageously provided in the housing. It can be particularly advantageous if the heating element has a control unit on one of its end regions, and this control unit protrudes beyond the housing or protrudes from the housing. This makes it easier to contact the control unit.
- the housing can advantageously be divided into a housing upper part and a housing lower part.
- the heating element can be inserted into the lower part of the housing by lifting off the upper part of the housing.
- the housing is formed by a rectangular picture frame-like boundary and a lattice-like structure which runs between the boundary, the lattice-like structure being formed by a plurality of struts running at right angles to one another.
- the rectangular, picture-frame-like boundary is essentially formed by four profile pieces, which are arranged relative to one another in such a way that they form a rectangle.
- the profile pieces can have almost any desired cross section.
- the profile pieces have a rectangular cross section and are formed as flat, flat strips of material.
- Horizontal and vertical struts run between the boundary described.
- a first number of struts covers the live parts of the heater, thereby preventing contact with the live parts.
- a second number of struts serves to stabilize the lattice-like structure.
- the grid-like structure forms the areas spanned by the picture-frame-like boundary. In this case, these surfaces can form the entry surface and the exit surface for a fluid which flows through the heating element.
- the lattice-like structure forms a surface that is perpendicular to the direction of flow of the fluid.
- the lattice-like structure of the housing is designed in such a delicate manner that reaching through the housing with a human hand and/or human fingers is effectively prevented.
- the grid-like structure is designed so delicately that human hands and in particular human fingers cannot reach through the structure. This is to prevent contact with the live parts of the heating elements. Especially in light of the rapidly increasing vehicle electrical system voltage effective protection of people against live parts is necessary.
- the grid-like structure the mesh size of which can be adjusted depending on the area of application, also makes it possible to achieve different protection classes, such as those defined in the standards (see IEC 60947-1), with simple means. To achieve a higher protection class, for example, the mesh size can be reduced.
- the housing is advantageously designed in such a way that, despite the effective prevention of contact with the live parts, a thermal exchange between a fluid to be heated and the heating elements remains possible.
- Recesses in the housing for example, can contribute to this.
- the housing is at least partially made of an electrically non-conductive material.
- the surfaces of the housing that face outwards and with which a person can come into contact should be made of an electrically non-conductive material.
- other areas of the housing, such as inner surfaces, can very well be electrically conductive.
- the housing has connecting elements, via which the heating element can be positioned and/or fixed relative to surrounding structures.
- the heating element can be advantageously positioned in relation to other structures, for example in a motor vehicle, by means of connecting elements on the housing.
- the connecting elements can also enable the housing to be fixed to a structure surrounding the housing.
- the 1 shows a perspective view of a housing upper part 1.
- the housing upper part 1 is essentially formed by two parallel opposing edge elements 2, which are connected to one another via a housing element 9 and a housing element 6, respectively.
- the housing element 9 is arranged in the lower area and the housing element 6 is arranged in the upper area of the upper housing part 1 .
- the edge elements 2 and the housing elements 6 and 9 form a boundary between which both vertical struts 3 and horizontal struts 4 are arranged.
- the entire upper housing part 1 is made of an electrically non-conductive material, such as a plastic.
- the housing upper part is advantageously produced by a method that is common for plastics processing, such as an injection molding method.
- the edge elements 2 each have a recess 7 at their respective end regions. These recesses 7 are directed outwards and serve in particular to accommodate snap hooks of the lower housing part. Through a positive connection of the in 2 Snap hooks shown and the recesses 7, the upper housing part 1 and the lower housing part 10 can be connected to form a housing.
- Connecting elements 5 are arranged on the lower housing element 9 . In the embodiment shown, there are three. However, the number can also be varied.
- the connecting elements 5 serve to position and fix the housing to structures which surround the housing in an installation situation.
- the connecting elements 5 correspond to the in 2 shown connecting elements 15.
- Indentations 8 are arranged on the lateral end regions of the upper housing element 6 . These are designed as cylindrical indentations. They are used to position the lower part of the housing relative to the upper part of the housing 1.
- the vertical struts 3 and the horizontal struts 4 are arranged in such a way that a lattice-like structure 18 is formed.
- This grid-like structure 18 has a plurality of meshes. The size of the mesh is based on the positioning of the vertical and horizontal struts 3 and 4 to each other.
- the vertical struts 3 and/or the horizontal struts 4 are positioned in such a way that they cover a heater and in particular the live parts of a heater that can be inserted into the housing in such a way that no contact with the live parts is possible from the outside .
- the size of the individual meshes formed by the lattice-like structure 18 is designed in such a way that reaching through with a human hand or human fingers is avoided. In this way, effective protection against voltage accidents can be created.
- the heating element used in the housing shown advantageously consists of a plurality of electrically operable heating elements.
- a voltage of several 100 volts can be applied to these heating elements, particularly when used in electric vehicles. Voltages of this magnitude are dangerous for people, especially with brief contact, and can lead to serious injuries. It is therefore essential to avoid touching these live areas.
- the lattice-like structure 18 is arranged in particular on the areas of the edge elements 2 or the housing elements 6 and 9 that are away from the viewer in the viewing direction. This results in particular when connecting the upper housing part 1 to the in 2 Lower housing part 10 shown is a cavity inside the housing. The radiator can consequently be inserted into this cavity.
- the 2 shows a perspective view of the lower housing part 10. The view is also directed towards the inside of the lower housing part 10.
- the lower housing part 10 consists essentially of two opposing edge elements 12, which are connected to one another in the lower and in the upper area by housing elements. Like the upper housing part 1, the lower housing part 10 also has a lattice-like structure 19, which is formed from both vertical struts 13 and horizontal struts 14.
- the opposing edge elements 12 each have a snap hook 11 at their end regions. These snap hooks 11 are designed in such a way that they fit into the 1 Recesses 7 shown, which are arranged at corresponding points of the edge elements 2 of the housing upper part 1, can engage and thus the two housing parts can be firmly connected to each other.
- the distribution of the vertical struts 13 and the horizontal struts 14 differs from the area above it. This can result, for example, from a different arrangement of the heating elements of the radiator to be inserted.
- the in the Figures 1 and 2 shown representation of the grid-like structure 18, 19 by way of example. Arrangements of the vertical or horizontal struts 3, 4, 13, 14 that deviate from this can also be provided.
- the struts run along the live parts so that they are exactly covered by the struts. The arrangement of the struts is therefore based on the course of the live parts.
- the housing can also be designed in such a way that direct contact with the live parts is avoided by the grid-like structure, without the struts being oriented towards the arrangement of the live parts.
- Connecting elements 15 are arranged on the lower area of the lower housing part 10 . These are used to position the housing that will be assembled later of the housing in relation to a structure surrounding the housing, as can arise, for example, in motor vehicles.
- Projections 16 are arranged on the lateral edge elements 12 in the upper area of the lattice-like structure 19 . These projections 16 correspond in terms of their arrangement and their fit with the indentations 8 which are shown in the upper part 1 of the housing. They are used to position and fix the housing parts 1, 10 together.
- the 3 shows a perspective view of the fully assembled housing 20.
- the view is directed towards the housing upper part 1.
- the housing 20 has a boundary 22 which is formed by the edge elements 2 and 12, the housing elements 6 and 9 of the upper part of the housing and the housing elements of the lower part 10 of the housing.
- the snap hooks 11 engage in the recesses 7 and thus connect the housing upper part 1 to the housing lower part 10.
- the connecting means 5 and 15 of the housing parts 1 and 10, respectively are the connecting means 5 and 15 of the housing parts 1 and 10, respectively, so that they form a tapered block which can be used to position the housing 20.
- the blocks taper, which in particular facilitates insertion into openings. It is particularly advantageous if these connecting elements 5 or 15 are designed in such a way that they can be inserted into openings corresponding to them in a structure surrounding the housing 20 .
- a receiving portion 21 is provided at the upper end portion of the housing 20 . This is used, for example, to accommodate a control unit. Furthermore, the housing 20 has an opening on the upper receiving area 21 through which a heating element 26 can be pushed into the housing 20 .
- the housing 20 shown is thus a body which is closed on five sides and open on one side and which can accommodate a heating element 26 .
- the grid-like structures 18, 19 at the The front and back of the housing 20 prevent a voltage accident from occurring as a result of touching the live parts of the heating element inserted into the housing 20 .
- the 4 shows the housing 20 in a plan view of the lower housing part 10.
- the boundary 22 and the upper receiving area 21 are also shown 4 is in addition to 3 the lower area 17 of the lower housing part 10 can also be seen, which has a different arrangement of the grid-like structure 19 .
- the figure 5 shows a further perspective view of the housing 20 with the heating element inserted.
- a control unit 23 is connected to the receiving area 21 and is connected to an electric circuit via connection lines 24 .
- a grounding cable or connecting cable 25 leads out of a connector plug, via which the radiator 1 can be grounded, for example.
- the connecting elements 5 and 15 are arranged. As already described above, these can in particular be attached to counter-elements that correspond to them or pushed into them in order to position and fix the housing 20 as a whole.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Agencement d'un radiateur (26) et d'un boîtier, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou de climatisation dans un véhicule automobile, ledit radiateur comprenant une pluralité d'éléments chauffants commandés électriquement, éléments chauffants qui servent au chauffage d'un flux de fluide, où l'élément chauffant respectif est relié de manière électroconductrice à une source de tension et présente des zones sous tension, où il est prévu une couche électroisolante qui est configurée comme un boîtier (20) et recouvre le plus complètement possible les zones sous tension des éléments chauffants, où le boîtier (20) présente, au niveau de l'une des ses zones d'extrémité (21), une ouverture par laquelle le radiateur peut être introduit dans le boîtier (20), et le boîtier (20) est conçu en plusieurs parties et est divisible pour insérer le radiateur (26), caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (20) est formé par une bordure limite rectangulaire (22) en forme de cadre photo et par une structure en forme de grille qui s'étend entre la bordure limite, où la structure en forme de grille (18, 19) est formée par plusieurs entretoises (3, 4, 13, 14) s'étendant à angles droits les unes par rapport aux autres, et les entretoises sont positionnées de manière telle, que les parties sous tension du radiateur sont recouvertes, et où le boîtier présente une zone de réception (21) servant à la réception d'un appareil de commande, et en ce que l'ouverture servant à introduire le radiateur est prévue au niveau de la zone de réception (21).
- Agencement (26) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant est formé par un élément chauffant CTP.
- Agencement (26) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le radiateur (26) présente une pluralité d'éléments chauffants qui sont disposés en plusieurs rangées disposées en étant adjacentes les unes aux autres.
- Agencement (26) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments chauffants sont conçus pour une tension d'alimentation de plus de 110 volts.
- Agencement (26) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la structure en forme de grille (18, 19) du boîtier (20) est configurée de manière si fine qu'une pénétration du boîtier (20), par une main humaine et/ou par des doigts humains, est empêchée de façon efficace.
- Agencement (26) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un flux de fluide peut circuler à travers le boîtier (20) et passer devant les éléments chauffants.
- Agencement (26) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (20) est fabriqué en étant composé au moins partiellement d'un matériau non électroconducteur.
- Agencement (26) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (20) présente des éléments de liaison (5, 15) par lesquels le boîtier (20) peut être positionné et/ou fixé par rapport à des structures environnantes.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14169169.1A EP2806708B1 (fr) | 2013-05-21 | 2014-05-20 | Radiateur |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13290112.5A EP2806707A1 (fr) | 2013-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Radiateur |
EP14169169.1A EP2806708B1 (fr) | 2013-05-21 | 2014-05-20 | Radiateur |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2806708A1 EP2806708A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 |
EP2806708B1 true EP2806708B1 (fr) | 2023-05-10 |
Family
ID=48656007
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13290112.5A Withdrawn EP2806707A1 (fr) | 2013-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Radiateur |
EP14169169.1A Active EP2806708B1 (fr) | 2013-05-21 | 2014-05-20 | Radiateur |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13290112.5A Withdrawn EP2806707A1 (fr) | 2013-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | Radiateur |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2806707A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1515587B1 (fr) * | 2003-09-11 | 2006-12-13 | Catem GmbH & Co. KG | Dispositif de chauffage électrique muni d'un élément chauffant scellé |
EP1564503B1 (fr) * | 2004-02-10 | 2007-12-26 | Catem GmbH & Co. KG | Dispositif de chauffage électrique de faible hauteur |
EP2161514B1 (fr) * | 2008-09-04 | 2017-04-12 | Mahle Behr France Rouffach S.A.S | Echangeur de chaleur |
DE202009005582U1 (de) * | 2009-04-14 | 2010-09-02 | Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrische Heizvorrichtung |
EP2466222B1 (fr) * | 2010-12-20 | 2013-06-05 | Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG | Dispositif de chauffage électrique |
-
2013
- 2013-05-21 EP EP13290112.5A patent/EP2806707A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-05-20 EP EP14169169.1A patent/EP2806708B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2806708A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 |
EP2806707A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 |
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