EP2801443B1 - Arbeitsmittel zum Bearbeiten von rostfreiem Stahl oder anderen metallischen Oberflächen, Verfahren zum Bearbeiten derartiger Oberflächen unter Benutzung des Arbeitsmittels und Düse zur Befestigung auf einer Strahlpistole - Google Patents

Arbeitsmittel zum Bearbeiten von rostfreiem Stahl oder anderen metallischen Oberflächen, Verfahren zum Bearbeiten derartiger Oberflächen unter Benutzung des Arbeitsmittels und Düse zur Befestigung auf einer Strahlpistole Download PDF

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EP2801443B1
EP2801443B1 EP13166877.4A EP13166877A EP2801443B1 EP 2801443 B1 EP2801443 B1 EP 2801443B1 EP 13166877 A EP13166877 A EP 13166877A EP 2801443 B1 EP2801443 B1 EP 2801443B1
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Prior art keywords
particles
processing medium
nozzle
stainless steel
processing
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2801443A1 (de
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Philippe Remi Aloys Bourdeaud'hui
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Phibo Industries BVBA
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Phibo Industries BVBA
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Priority to DK13166877.4T priority patent/DK2801443T3/en
Priority to BE2014/0054A priority patent/BE1021089B1/nl
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a processing medium for processing stainless steel or other metallic surfaces such as aluminium, copper, bronze, metal alloys, etc., wherein said processing medium is adapted to be ejected out of a nozzle of a process gun by compressed air (see for example DE 10 2010 043 285 A1 ).
  • the present invention also relates to a method for processing stainless steel or other metallic surfaces by means of a processing medium which is ejected out of a nozzle of a process gun by compressed air.
  • processing is meant that the surface is at least cleaned and conditioned, the latter meaning that the topography of the surface is changed to a certain required state.
  • AISI 304 comprises 18 % chromium and 8 % nickel. This alloy is in annealed state non-magnetic and not curable and in cold formed state weak magnetic. This stainless steel is less sensitive for excretion of chromium during welding.
  • a more corrosion resistant but more expensive type of stainless steel is AIS1316 with 16 % chromium and 10 % nickel and 2% molybdenum.
  • AISI 316 is more resistant against salt corrosion and is frequently applied in the chemical industry.
  • AISI 316L has a low carbon content in order to obtain easily weldable stainless steel and to reduce the corrosivity after welding.
  • Another way to improve the weldability of steel is to add titanium to the alloy, arriving to the AISI 316Ti-type. This solution is technical almost equal. Only when one considers architectural applications, account has to be taken with a typical grinding pattern of stainless steel alloys with titanium.
  • the hardness of the stainless steel typically lays within the range of 150 to 400 HB (Brinell hardness) or 1 to 43 HRc (Rockwell C hardness).
  • the magnetic properties of stainless steel are determined by the crystal structure, thus by the composition of the type stainless steel.
  • Types of stainless steel having between 6 and 26 % by mass nickel are austenitic and therefore non-magnetic. These are excellent formable (folding, deep drawing, straightening) and also shock proof throughout the temperature range from very cold to very hot temperatures. Nickel takes care that steel remains in its austenitic state during cooling. The remaining elements increase the corrosion resistance and the processability of the steel.
  • the crystal structure changes through which magnetic properties occur with austenitic stainless steel. Martensitic, ferritic and duplex stainless steel types to the contrary are magnetic.
  • Austenitic stainless steel such as AISI 304 and AISI 304H and AISI 316 is the most commonly used type of stainless steel. In Europe, austenitic stainless steels of grade AISI 304 are broadly used in food industries because of their good corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels containing other elements such as molybdenum (AISI 316) enhancing their anticorrosive properties are frequently used in dairy industries).
  • Ferritic stainless steel is used in an environment that is little aggressive and when the look is less important. Ferritic stainless steel comprises no nickel and consequently is cheaper. Duplex stainless steel is a seaworthy steel with a mixed austenitic and ferritic structure and a high yield strength. These alloys mostly are cold formed. The high strength characteristics allow a thinner, more elegant and at the same time stronger design. Martensitic stainless steel is characterised by its high hardness, through which these kind of materials are extremely suitable for the production of knifes. These steel types contain a little or no nickel, implicating that the material can be used as surgical steel.
  • Stainless steel has the advantage that it has a high corrosion resistance.
  • This corrosion resistance of stainless steel is due to a 'passive' chromium-rich oxide layer (dichromium trioxide Cr 2 O 3 ) that is formed in a natural way at the surface of the stainless steel at normal environmental temperatures. This is the natural appearance and is described as the passive state.
  • Stainless steel will also automatically passivate when a pure surface is exposed to an environment that can provide sufficient oxygen in order to form the chrome-rich surface layer. This automatically and progressively occurs as long as sufficient oxygen is present at the surface of the steel. This passivation layer still increases some more in thickness after its initial formation. Natural phenomena, such as contact with air and aerated water, form and perpetuate the corrosion resistant passive state. Consequently, stainless steel can maintain its corrosion resistance even when mechanical damage such as scratches or chipping occurs. Consequently, an inherent self-healing mechanism is present.
  • stainless steel is a steel alloy containing a minimum of 10,5 % chromium content by mass.
  • the corrosion resistance of these steels can be enlarged by addition of other alloy elements such as nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen and titanium (or niobium).
  • This provides in a list of steel types with corrosion resistant properties over a large scale of user conditions as well as enlarged properties in the field of formability, strength and heat (fire) resistance.
  • Stainless steel cannot be considered as corrosion resistant under all conditions since in function of the type of steel, conditions can occur in which the passive state is broken en cannot be restored. This makes the surface 'active' such that corrosion can occur.
  • the surface of stainless steel can become active in restricted, deoxygenated zones such as mechanical connections, sharp corners or poorly groomed welds.
  • the use of stainless steel as a construction material has a number of important advantages: a high mechanical strength, a relative good workability, a good cleanability, a high corrosion resistance and an inert surface.
  • the good cleanability of stainless steel is closely related with the condition of the surface, which is in its turn influenced by the surface treatment.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a nozzle arranged to be fitted onto a process gun, said nozzle being adapted for ejecting a processing medium by compressed air on a stainless steel or other metallic surface.
  • Said nozzle furthermore comprises a distal end section having a nozzle-exit and a distal end, wherein said nozzle-exit is located at said distal end.
  • corrosion resistance Another surface property dependent on surface roughness that should be considered besides cleanability is corrosion resistance.
  • Rougher stainless steel or other metallic surfaces are more prone to corrosion which can lead to the apparition of pitting and crevices, increasing the adhesion possibilities of the micro-organisms and decreasing the cleanability of the surface. Therefore, corrosion resistance is another good reason to justify the need of equipment with smooth surfaces as they will also contribute to reduce the additional costs owing to possible damages of the installation.
  • stainless steel and other metallic surfaces must also be pure and free of organic contamination (grease, oil, paint). Stainless steel surfaces also have to be free of metallic contamination such as iron contamination.
  • Shot peening is a more recent technique to induce residual surface compressive stresses in metal parts to increase fatigue strength and resistance to stress-corrosion cracking.
  • Shot peening is a cold working process in which small spherical media called shot bombard the surface of a fabrication. During the shot peening process, each piece of shot that strikes the material acts as a tiny peening hammer, imparting to the surface a small indentation or dimple. To create the dimple, the surface of the material must yield in tension. Below the surface, the material tries to restore its original shape, thereby producing below the dimple, a hemisphere of cold-worked material highly stressed in compression.
  • a shot peening process is disclosed.
  • a mixture of at least two sizes of shot is used to obtain a textured finish press plate with desirable gloss features.
  • the press plate is impacted with a mixture of shot having at least two different sizes to simultaneously obtain a texture and gloss control.
  • EP 1 184 135 a single step shot peening-process is disclosed wherein a product is projected by shot in which two or three kinds particles, each having an average particle diameter within the range of the predetermined average particle diameters, the ranges differing from one another, and having a predetermined average particle diameter ratio to one another, are combined in a predetermined weight ratio.
  • the shot consists of large-diameter particles having an average particle diameter of 300 - 1.000 ⁇ m and small-diameter particles having an average particle diameter of 20 - 300 ⁇ m, the ratio of the average particle diameter of said small-diameter particles to that of said large-diameter particles being 1/3 - 1/15, are combined in a weight ratio such that the coverage of each of the particles is 100 % or more in the same projection time.
  • the shot consists of large-diameter particles having an average particle diameter of 500 - 1.000 ⁇ m, medium-diameter particles having an average particle diameter of 100 - 500 ⁇ m and small-diameter particles having an average particle diameter of 20 - 100 ⁇ m, the ratio of the average particle diameter of said medium-diameter particles to that of said large-diameter particles and the ratio of the average particle diameter of said small-diameter particles to that of said medium-diameter particles each being 1/2 - 1/15, are combined in a ratio such that the coverage of each of the particles is 100 % or more in the same projection time.
  • a one step-method wherein mixture shots including at least two types of shots comprised of different or same materials consisting of high hardness metal or metallic component and having different shot diameters between 0,6 and 0,03 mm are injected onto the surface of a metallic product at an injection pressure of not less than 0,29 MPa or not less than 50m / sec, the residual compressive stress of the surface of the metallic product and that of a lower surface layer are made at least - 1200 MPa and that of a portion having a depth of about 50 m ⁇ below the surface of the metallic product is made - 1300 MPa or higher.
  • a process for treating a surface of a component to improve its surface finish and induce residual compresses stresses in a near-surface region of the component entails performing a first peening operation to form residual compressive stress layers in the near-surface region of the component, and then performing at least a second peening operation to cause surface smoothing of the surface of the component while retaining compressive stresses in the near-surface region of the component.
  • the first peening operation comprises wet glass bead peening at a first intensity with a first glass bead media
  • the second peening operation comprises wet glass bead peening at a second intensity with a second glass bead media, wherein the second intensity is lower than the first intensity.
  • EP 2 353 782 furthermore, a more complicated process is disclosed comprising two peening steps.
  • the conventional nozzles which are used on process guns and which are arranged for ejecting a processing medium generally have a straight outer surface.
  • a nozzle which is arranged to be fitted on a process gun and which is arranged to eject a processing medium on a stainless steel or other metallic surface, said nozzle being adapted to obtain a better distribution of the particles of the processing medium within the stream leading to a better efficiency and a more optimal use of the energy of the stream ejected out of the nozzle. It is a further object of the invention to provide such a nozzle reducing the noise at the nozzle outlet.
  • a processing medium for processing stainless steel or other metallic surfaces wherein said processing medium is adapted to be ejected out of a nozzle of a process gun by compressed air, wherein said processing medium consists out of a suspension comprising a liquid and a mixture of at least two different types of products consisting of chemically inert abrasive particles said particles at least comprise particles having an irregular shape, said particles being dispersable in said liquid, said irregular shaped particles consists of fused alumina particles, said fused alumina particles are substantially iron-free.
  • a suspension In the physical chemistry, a suspension is a mixture of two substances of which one substance in very small parts is mixed with another substance, which mixture is not separating quickly. In general, it relates to a solid substance which is suspended in a liquid.
  • Chemically inert particles are particles which will chemically not interact with other products and which will not resolve in a liquid.
  • irregular shaped particle any form of particle which is not spherical, said particle more specifically having round or sharp angles.
  • said fused alumina particles have an Al 2 O 3 -content of 95 % - 99,80 % by weight.
  • said particles also comprise particles having a spherical shape, said particles being dispersable in said liquid.
  • said particles have an average particle size of between 0,9 ⁇ m and 110 ⁇ m.
  • said suspension is a balanced suspension.
  • a balanced suspension is a suspension having particles with a similar average particle size. This is important for the filtration step of the suspension performed with the processing apparatus and for the separation of the particles from the liquid.
  • the use of a balanced suspension is important for obtaining the desirable surface topography.
  • the mixture weight ratio of said spherical shaped particles with respect to said irregular shaped particles is preferably 60 % - 96 % / 4 % - 40 %, more preferably 70 % - 96 % / 4 % - 30%, and most preferably 80% / 20%.
  • the visually aesthetic finish can be modified.
  • said spherical shaped particles consists of glass beads.
  • said glass beads have a SiO 2 -content of 50 % - 80 % by weight.
  • said glass beads have a relative hardness of 4 Mohs - 6 Mohs, preferably 5 Mohs and said fused alumina particles have a relative hardness of 8 Mohs - 10 Mohs, preferably 9 Mohs.
  • the Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material.
  • thermic oxidation such as the oxidation of a weld can be removed in an efficient manner.
  • said suspension has a concentration in use of 10 % to 70 % particles in liquid, more preferably 10 % to 40 %, and most preferably 15 % to 25 %.
  • said mixture of particles has a balanced bulk density of from 1 kg/dm 3 - 2 kg/dm 3 , and more preferably of approximately 1,7 kg/dm 3 .
  • the processing medium according to the invention can comprise a soluble chemical additive.
  • said soluble chemical additive has a concentration of approximately 1 vol-% to 15 vol.-% on the total liquid of the suspension. Use of a soluble chemical additive is for instance advantageous when reconditioning old surfaces.
  • a method for processing stainless steel or other metallic surfaces by means of a processing medium which is ejected out of a nozzle of a processing gun by compressed air wherein said method is a single step-method wherein said surfaces are processed with a processing medium according to the invention as described above.
  • This method according to the invention is first of all applicable on any size of fabrication and on any type of surface, even on complex and irregular shaped surfaces, cavities and hollow tubular structures. No deformation of the fabrication or damage of the surface occurs and size limits of the processed fabrication are maintained. No special skills are required for the operator. Furthermore, build-up of static electricity is eliminated.
  • the method is a wet method using a suspension, a polishing effect of the treated surface is obtained.
  • the liquid in the suspension furthermore forms a liquid buffer that takes care that there is no direct impact of the particles of the suspension into the treated surface, through which the risk of damaging the surface and impregnation of particles in the surface is seriously reduced. Also, no dust formation is obtained. Furthermore, very small particles can be used.
  • the method results in a hydrophobic surface partially due to the polishing effect. This hydrophobic surface also is obtained because of the suspension used.
  • the method furthermore exhibits the same surface topography and the same roughness values when measured along axes in all directions, with specific (visual) cosmetic properties such as a smooth satin finish. It allows achievement of a very fine surface finish with a roughness average R a ⁇ 0,6.
  • the method thus provides in a repeatable, non-directional, uniform finish from part to part.
  • the method according to the invention provides in a thorough cleaning method and allows to remove simultaneously oil, grease, carbon, discolouration, rust, paint and general dirt from the surface and surface oxidation that arises during the welding of stainless steel (typical discoloration by oxidation of the metal surface).
  • the method is very well suited for cleaning and degreasing during reconditioning, as for overhauling and manufacturing. After cleaning, the surface is ready for close inspection and crack detection if required.
  • the method according to the invention also creates compressive residual stress in the surface improving the durability and the corrosion resistance of the manufactured stainless steel structures and components.
  • specific peening intensities and coverage with a saturation point of 0,008"N, and more preferably not more than 0,005"N, as described and determined for shot peening according to AMS 13165 (nowadays superseded by AMS 2340) are obtained, this without the need of special skills of the process operator.
  • Strict peening intensity criteria however is not critical to the method as most of the shot peening applications are intended to improve the fatigue strength. The consistency in obtaining the desired topography remains the most important advantages of the method.
  • a very suitable application area of the method according to the invention is stainless steel food-contact surfaces from small components to extensive manufactured stainless steel structures.
  • Other application areas like aerospace, automotive, etc. are also possible.
  • said suspension is ejected out of said nozzle at a low nozzle output pressure from 0,5 to 5 bar (0,05 MPa to 0,5 MPa), and more preferably from 1,5 to 4 bar (0,15 MPa to 0,4 MPa).
  • said suspension is ejected out of said nozzle at a balanced and controllable volume output of from 20 I/minute up to 130 I/minute, and more preferably from 30 I/minute up to 100 I/minute.
  • a nozzle arranged to be fitted on a process gun during a method for processing stainless steel or other metallic surfaces according to the second aspect of the invention by ejecting a processing medium according to the first aspect of the invention out of the nozzle by compressed air on a stainless steel or other metallic surface
  • said nozzle comprising a distal end section having a nozzle comprising a distal end section having a nozzle-exit and a distal end, said nozzle-exit being located at said distal end, wherein said distal end section comprises an outer profile arranged to induce an external suction air flow around said nozzle-exit, said outer profile is tapered towards said distal end and comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending notches arranged around the circumference of said distal end section.
  • Such a nozzle has the advantage that the performance of the stream of the processing medium is enhanced, and a better spread and consistency of the processing medium is obtained.
  • This special shape of the nozzle reduces the processing noise resulting from the compressed air used for the acceleration of the processing medium.
  • the processing medium according to the invention for processing stainless steel or other metallic surfaces wherein this processing medium is adapted to be ejected out of a nozzle of a process gun by compressed air, consists out of a suspension, also called "slurry", comprising a liquid, preferably water (resulting in an aqueous suspension), and a mixture of at least two different types of products consisting of chemically inert abrasive particles (or in other words two products consisting of chemically inert abrasive particles that are not the same).
  • These abrasive particles have an average particle size of between 0,9 and 110 ⁇ m.
  • These particles at least comprise irregular shaped abrasive particles.
  • the particles furthermore preferably comprise spherical shaped abrasive particles.
  • the particles of the two different products preferably have a similar particle size.
  • the mixture weight ratio of the spherical shaped particles with relation to the irregular shaped particles is 60 % - 96 %, more preferably 70 % - 96 % / 4 % - 30 %, and most preferably 80% / 20%.
  • the mixture has a balanced bulk density of from 1 to 2 kg/dm 3 and preferably of approximately 1,7 kg/dm 3 .
  • the particles preferably are of the mineral type.
  • the spherical shaped particles preferably consist of glass beads having a SiO 2 -content of 50% to 80% by weight.
  • the irregular shaped particles preferably consist of fused alumina particles having an Al 2 O 3 -content of 95 % - 99,8 % by weight. More preferably, white fused alumina is used.
  • very pure and iron-free fused alumina particles have to be used since, when there is a risk of iron-inclusion in the stainless steel surface, then there consists a risk that oxidation or corrosion of the surface occurs.
  • the glass beads have a relative hardness of 4 - 6 Mohs, preferably 5 Mohs and the fused alumina particles have a relative hardness of 8 - 10 Mohs, preferably 9 Mohs.
  • the suspension has a concentration in use of 10 % to 60 %, more preferably 10 % to 40 % and most preferably 15 % to 25% of particles in liquid, preferably water.
  • the suspension furthermore can comprise a soluble chemical additive in a concentration of preferably approximately 1 - 15 vol.-% on the total liquid (water + soluble chemical additive) of the suspension.
  • a soluble chemical additive in a concentration of preferably approximately 1 - 15 vol.-% on the total liquid (water + soluble chemical additive) of the suspension.
  • the method according to the invention is a single step-method wherein a stainless steel surface or another metallic surface such as aluminium, copper, bronze, metal alloys, etc. are processed with the suspension according to the invention as disclosed above.
  • This suspension is ejected out of a nozzle of a process gun by compressed air onto the surface to be treated.
  • the suspension furthermore is preferably streamlined and accelerated in this nozzle.
  • the suspension is thus ejected onto the target surface in a highly energized but controllable stream.
  • the nozzle air output pressure is a low pressure from 0,5 to 5 bar and preferably from 1 to 4 bar.
  • This nozzle output pressure optionally is measured using a pressure transducer and optionally using an electro pneumatic pressure regulator. This allows a reliable closed loop control of this parameter.
  • the suspension pressure being fed to the blast gun will settle itself when the blasting pressure is adjusted.
  • the suspension is ejected out of the nozzle at a balanced and controlled volume output of 20 I/minute up to 130 I/minute, and preferably from 30 I/minute up to 100 I/minute (per process gun).
  • the ratio between the liquid pressure and the air pressure in the nozzle is variable to allow the liquid buffer as already disclosed above to be maintained between the suspension and the treated surface. Under normal working conditions, i.e. at recommended processing pressure applied in the invention, this liquid buffer effect is maintained.
  • a first important parameter is the roughness average R a .
  • the EHEDG European Hygienic Engineering and Design Group recommends surface roughness of less than 0,8 ⁇ m and all 3-A sanitary criteria (USA standards) also include surface finish requirements which demand R a values smaller than 0,8 ⁇ m R a .
  • the American Meat Institute Equipment Design Task Force also recommends that surfaces should not have R a values exceeding 0,8 ⁇ m.
  • the method according to the invention results in an R a of lower than 0,6 ⁇ m and more preferably between 0,3 and 0,6 ⁇ m.
  • FIG 1 the 3D surface topography and in figure 2 , the 2D roughness descriptor of the surface (cross section over the total sample length) of sample 1 are shown.
  • figure 3 the 3D surface topography and in figure 4 , the 2D roughness descriptor of the surface of sample 4 are shown.
  • Such a surface topography shows an ideal engineered surface for food-contact surfaces.
  • Oxilyser tests with the Oxilyser 3 were performed on the samples 1 to 4 showing that the passivation took properly place.
  • This Oxilyser test is very suitable to control the corrosion resistance of stainless steel and more specifically the quality of the passivation on large fabrications. By spot-checking on several critical places such as edges, stains, welds, etc, large surfaces can be efficiently checked within a short time.
  • the specific process parameters of the method according to the invention induce, during the surface processing of the stainless steel substrates, compressive residual stress in the surface improving the durability and the corrosion resistance of the manufactured stainless steel structures and components, as is the case with shot peening.
  • the results of the shot peening tests carried out following the process parameters of the method according to the invention are shown.
  • the adopted procedure to measure the intensity of the shot peening is based on the specification of the US Mil. Spec. adopted as an SAE standard, namely the SAE-AMS-S-13165, now superseded by AMS 2430, who covers procedure requirements for shot peening of metal parts, to induce residual compressive stresses in specified surfaces, for the purpose of improving resistance to fatigue, stress corrosion cracking and galling.
  • the used Almen strips to measure the intensity of the peening are type N-1S ( ⁇ 0,0005" flatness tolerance).
  • the Almen test strip specimens conforming in dimensions and mechanical properties to the required test strip specifications of AMS-S-13165 (and SAE AMS 2430S) are exposed to the suspension stream in a manner which simulates the operator working conditions used in the process according to the invention.
  • a saturation curve is produced by exposing individual test strips to the suspension stream for increasing time periods and plotting the results (exposure time vs. arc height). A minimum of four points other than zero shall be used to define the curve; one of the four points used to indicate saturation shall be at least double the time of the saturation point.
  • the intensity of the suspension stream can be determined by evaluating the first point or intensity on the best fit line where, when the exposure time is doubled, there is a 10% increase in arc height. Then saturation is achieved (see figure 5 ). The intensity of the peening can be determined using an intensity determination curve (see figure 6 ).
  • the saturation intensity (square on the respective curve) of sample 2 is 218,58 ⁇ m or 0,0086 inch during an exposure time of 1,25 minutes.
  • the saturation intensity (the square on the respective curve) of sample 4 is 193,06 ⁇ m or 0,0076 inch during an exposure time of 1,11 minutes.
  • the method according to the invention creates a gentle peening effect easy to reproduce, inducing during the surface conditioning of the stainless steel substrates compressive residual stress in the surface exhibiting peening intensities which are benefit for the durability and the corrosion resistance of the manufactured stainless steel structures and components.
  • the process according to the invention allows to obtain specific peening intensities and coverage with a saturation point of 0,008"N in order to avoid or to reduce the risk of distortion and high residual tensile stresses that may result from the process according to the invention in the core material of very thin stainless steel substrates.
  • a peening intensity of approximately 0,005"N in accordance with SAE-AMS-S-13165 will be achieved after ⁇ 15 sec. processing time.
  • FIGS 9a and 9b the behaviour of water on a stainless steel surface treated with the process according to the invention ( figure 9b ) versus a stainless steel surface treated with a conventional dry bead blasting method ( figure 9a ) is shown.
  • this surface shows a hydrophobic surface (a surface having little or no tendency to absorb water) with a surface energy repelling the water (few water droplets are left on the slightly inclined surface), while the surface as shown in figure 9a shows a water film on the surface, typical state of a hydrophilic surface (a surface exhibiting an affinity for water).
  • Hydrophilic materials possess a high surface energy and furthermore have the ability to develop hydrogen bond between surface and water molecule.
  • a hydrophobic surface possesses the characteristic of opposite response to water interaction compared to hydrophilic surfaces. Usually, it possesses low surface energy value and lack of active groups in its surface chemistry for formation of hydrogen bond with water. Hydrophobic surfaces have a low wettability and high value of contact angles such as organic polymers and wax.
  • the method according to the invention can be operated using a wide range of standard machinery (generally in the form of closed-loop processing cabinets) of varying sizes or existing custom designs that are adapted in order to be compatible with the specific technical requirements of the method according to the invention.
  • standard machinery generally in the form of closed-loop processing cabinets
  • custom designs that are adapted in order to be compatible with the specific technical requirements of the method according to the invention.
  • Manual operation includes larger booths in which the operator, wearing protective clothing, enters the blast cubicle using a trigger operated processing gun.
  • Booths are offered as fully equipped and installed rooms or offered in the form of processing platform (generator) with the vital technical components in the form of the required pumps, processing gun(s), filtration devices and control units for installation.
  • a first type of processing platform (1) comprising a sump unit having a funnel (2) which is placed below one or more grids (not shown on the figures) which are adapted that an operator can stand on it and which are adapted to allow the passage and the recuperation of the suspension into the funnel (2).
  • the funnel (2) preferably is made in the form of a tub.
  • one or more pumps (3a) preferably in the form of a Vortex pump, each driven by an electromotor (3b), are provided. These pumps (3a) are arranged to recycle the suspension to the process gun.
  • the processing funnel (2) is engineered by means of a turbulent flow in order to keep the suspension in motion (see the arrows), and this especially during the processing method, in order to prevent that the particles would precipitate and stick together and to guarantee the consistency of the suspension to the process gun. Furthermore, a large range of effluent handling and filtration systems (working on the sedimentation principle, cyclonic separation and/or using cartridge filters, etc) are available to allow open, rec-circulatory or fully closed loop processing machines.
  • a second type of processing platform (4) comprising a flat collection and recovery tub having, preferably elastomer, floor sweepers (5) (also called wipers) that are driven by an electromotor (6) in order to reciprocate the sweepers (this means back and forth movement of the sweepers) (see the arrows).
  • floor sweepers (5) are placed below grids (not shown on the figures) which are adapted that an operator can stand on it and which are adapted to allow the passage and the recuperation of the suspension into a receptacle (7).
  • a plurality of these floor sweepers (5) are arranged at the underside of the receptacle (7).
  • These floor sweepers (5) preferably are mounted on a frame (10) in order to be connected to one another.
  • the suspension meaning the abrasive particles (8) and the liquid (9), preferably water
  • the floor sweepers (5) bring the suspension (8 + 9) towards a funnel (11) whereafter the suspension (8 + 9) is recycled by means of a pump driven by an electromotor (not shown on the figures) similar as the one described in the first type of processing platform (1).
  • the concentration of the suspension can be measured using a graduated abrasive concentration-level device which is fitted into the circuit of the suspension.
  • the method according to the invention can be operated using a process gun in the form of an injector gun, also called venturi gun. Any type of conventional nozzle can be fitted onto such a process gun for ejecting the processing medium out of the nozzle onto the surface to be treated.
  • a specially engineered nozzle (20) is shown that is adapted for ejecting a processing medium by compressed air and which is adapted to be fitted by means of its proximal end (30) (also called nozzle inlet end) onto a process gun.
  • This nozzle is furthermore preferably adapted to streamline and accelerate the processing medium therein.
  • the processing medium can be in the form of the suspension according to the invention as described above, but can also be any other suitable processing medium for processing a stainless steel or other metal surface such as a dry blasting medium (i.e. a medium that is ejected out of a nozzle with compressed air but without the use of a liquid).
  • This nozzle (20) comprises a distal end section (21) (also called nozzle outlet section) (see figures 12a and 12b ) having a nozzle-exit (22) (see figure 12b ) through which the processing medium passes and is ejected in the processing mode of the process gun.
  • This nozzle (20) furthermore comprises a distal end (23) (also called nozzle outlet end) at which the nozzle-exit (22) is located.
  • the distal end section (21) furthermore comprises an outer profile (24) that is arranged to induce an external suction air flow around the nozzle-exit (22). As can be seen on figure 12a , this outer profile (24) more specifically is enlarged with respect to the remaining part of the nozzle (20).
  • This outer profile (24) furthermore is tapered towards the distal end (23) and comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending notches (25) that are arranged around the circumference of the distal end section (21). These notches (25) are arranged to draw air between each two notches (25) from the back (25b) to the front (25a) of these notches (25).
  • the nozzle (20) is built up out of an outer jacket (26), preferably made out of aluminium, and an inner section (27), preferably made out of boron carbide.
  • Boron carbide (B4C) is an extremely hard boron-carbon ceramic material having a Mohs hardness of approximately 9,5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Bearbeitungsmedium zum Bearbeiten von Edelstahl- oder anderen Metallflächen, wobei das Bearbeitungsmedium angepasst ist, durch Druckluft aus einer Düse einer Prozesspistole ausgestoßen zu werden,
    das Bearbeitungsmedium bestehend aus einer Aufschwemmung umfassend eine Flüssigkeit und einem Gemisch aus mindestens zwei verschiedenen Produkttypen, bestehend aus chemisch inaktiven abschleifenden Teilchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Teilchen mindestens Teilchen mit einer unregelmäßigen Form umfassen, und die Teilchen in der Flüssigkeit dispergierbar sind,
    die unregelmäßig geformten Teilchen aus geschmolzenen Aluminiumoxidteilchen sind, und die geschmolzenen Aluminiumoxidteilchen grundsätzlich frei von Eisen sind.
  2. Bearbeitungsmedium nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die geschmolzenen Aluminiumoxidteilchen einen Al2O3-Gehalt von 95 Gew.-% - 99,80 Gew.-% haben.
  3. Bearbeitungsmedium nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilchen auch Teilchen mit einer kugelförmigen Form umfassen, wobei die Teilchen in der Flüssigkeit dispergierbar sind.
  4. Bearbeitungsmedium nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilchen eine durchschnittliche Teilchengröße zwischen 0,9 µm und 110 µm haben.
  5. Bearbeitungsmedium nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufschwemmung eine ausgeglichene Aufschwemmung ist.
  6. Bearbeitungsmedium nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gewichtsanteil des Gemischs der kugelförmig geformten Teilchen in Bezug auf die unregelmäßig geformten Teilchen 60 % - 96 % / 4 %-40 % beträgt.
  7. Bearbeitungsmedium nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kugelförmig geformten Teilchen aus Glaskugeln bestehen.
  8. Bearbeitungsmedium nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glaskugeln einen SiO2-Gehalt von 50 Gew.-% - 80 Gew.-% haben.
  9. Bearbeitungsmedium nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glaskugeln eine relative Härte von 4 Mohs - 6 Mohs und die weißen geschmolzenen Aluminiumoxidteilchen eine relative Härte von 8 Mohs - 10 Mohs haben.
  10. Bearbeitungsmedium nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, 15 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufschwemmung in der Verwendung eine Konzentration von 10 % bis 70 % Teilchen in der Flüssigkeit hat.
  11. Bearbeitungsmedium nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gemisch der Teilchen ein ausgeglichenes Raumgewicht von 1 kg/dm3 - 2 kg/dm3 hat.
  12. Bearbeitungsmedium nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufschwemmung ein lösliches chemisches Additiv umfasst.
  13. Bearbeitungsmedium nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das chemisch lösliche Additiv eine Konzentration von ca. 1 Vol.-% - 15 Vol.-% der Gesamtflüssigkeit der Aufschwemmung hat.
  14. Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Edelstahl- oder anderen Metallflächen mittels eines Bearbeitungsmediums, das durch Druckluft aus einer Düse einer Prozesspistole ausgestoßen wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren ein Verfahren mit einem Schritt ist, wobei die Oberflächen mit einem Bearbeitungsmedium nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 bearbeitet werden.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufschwemmung mit einem niedrigen Düsenauslassdruck von 0,5 bis 5 bar aus der Düse ausgestoßen wird.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufschwemmung mit einem ausgeglichenen und kontrollierten Auslassvolumen von 20 l/Minute bis 130 l/Minute aus der Düse ausgestoßen wird.
  17. Verwendung einer Düse (20) angeordnet für den Anschluss an einer Prozesspistole während eines Verfahrens zum Bearbeiten von Edelstahl- oder anderen Metallflächen nach deinem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16 durch Ausstoßen eines Bearbeitungsmediums nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 aus der Düse (20) durch Druckluft auf eine Edelstahl- oder andere Metallfläche, die Düse (20) umfassend einen distalen Endabschnitt (21) mit einem Düsenausgang (22) und ein distales Ende (23), der Düsenausgang (22) sich befindend am distalen Ende (23), wobei der distale Endabschnitt (11) ein äußeres Profil (24) umfasst, angeordnet zum Einleiten einer externen Saugluftströmung um den Düsenausgang (22), das äußere Profil (24) zum distalen Ende (23) spitz zulaufend ist und eine Vielzahl von sich längs erstreckenden Kerben (25) angeordnet um den Umfang des distalen Endabschnitts (21) umfasst.
EP13166877.4A 2013-05-07 2013-05-07 Arbeitsmittel zum Bearbeiten von rostfreiem Stahl oder anderen metallischen Oberflächen, Verfahren zum Bearbeiten derartiger Oberflächen unter Benutzung des Arbeitsmittels und Düse zur Befestigung auf einer Strahlpistole Active EP2801443B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13166877.4A EP2801443B1 (de) 2013-05-07 2013-05-07 Arbeitsmittel zum Bearbeiten von rostfreiem Stahl oder anderen metallischen Oberflächen, Verfahren zum Bearbeiten derartiger Oberflächen unter Benutzung des Arbeitsmittels und Düse zur Befestigung auf einer Strahlpistole
DK13166877.4T DK2801443T3 (en) 2013-05-07 2013-05-07 Treatment medium for the treatment of surfaces in stainless steel or other metal surfaces, method for treatment of surface of stainless steel or other metal surfaces using such treatment medium and ...
BE2014/0054A BE1021089B1 (nl) 2013-05-07 2014-01-30 Behandelingsmedium voor de behandeling van roestvrij staal of andere metalen oppervlakken, methode voor het behandelen van roestvrij staal of andere metalen oppervlakken gebruik makende van dergelijk behandelingsmedium en mondstuk ingericht om te worden gemonteerd op een behandelingspistool

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP13166877.4A EP2801443B1 (de) 2013-05-07 2013-05-07 Arbeitsmittel zum Bearbeiten von rostfreiem Stahl oder anderen metallischen Oberflächen, Verfahren zum Bearbeiten derartiger Oberflächen unter Benutzung des Arbeitsmittels und Düse zur Befestigung auf einer Strahlpistole

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EP2801443A1 EP2801443A1 (de) 2014-11-12
EP2801443B1 true EP2801443B1 (de) 2015-11-04

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JP6420095B2 (ja) * 2014-08-28 2018-11-07 ブラスト工業株式会社 ブラスト加工装置及びブラスト加工方法
JP2022136707A (ja) 2021-03-08 2022-09-21 新東工業株式会社 表面加工方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8628930D0 (en) * 1986-12-03 1987-01-07 Mccoll & Co Ltd K G Sand blasting
US5596912A (en) 1993-08-12 1997-01-28 Formica Technology, Inc. Press plate having textured surface formed by simultaneous shot peening
JP3730015B2 (ja) 1998-06-02 2005-12-21 株式会社不二機販 金属成品の表面処理方法
US6449998B1 (en) 1999-03-24 2002-09-17 Sintokogio, Ltd. Shot peening method and device therefor
US8468862B2 (en) 2010-02-09 2013-06-25 General Electric Company Peening process for enhancing surface finish of a component
DE102010043285A1 (de) * 2010-11-03 2012-05-03 Aktiebolaget Skf Verfahren, Strahlmittel und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln eines Bauelements

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BE1021089B1 (nl) 2015-05-12
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