EP2798197A1 - Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
EP2798197A1
EP2798197A1 EP12812615.8A EP12812615A EP2798197A1 EP 2798197 A1 EP2798197 A1 EP 2798197A1 EP 12812615 A EP12812615 A EP 12812615A EP 2798197 A1 EP2798197 A1 EP 2798197A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
ring gear
pinion
drive shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12812615.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2798197B1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Cwik
Markus Roessle
Apostolos Tsakiris
Stefan Tumback
Ewald Mauritz
Juergen Gross
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2798197A1 publication Critical patent/EP2798197A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2798197B1 publication Critical patent/EP2798197B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F02N11/0855—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear during engine shutdown or after engine stop before start command, e.g. pre-engagement of pinion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0844—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop with means for restarting the engine directly after an engine stop request, e.g. caused by change of driver mind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/022—Engine speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/047—Information about pinion position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/048—Information about pinion speed, both translational or rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/20—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/20—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
    • F02N2300/2006—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method using prediction of future conditions

Definitions

  • start-stop systems in which the internal combustion engine is switched off and on according to a specific strategy. Also known are start-stop systems based on pinion starters, which engage a pinion in a starter ring gear of the internal combustion engine for starting.
  • the method according to the invention for the meshing of a drive-in pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine has the advantage that in one step, as a result of the displacement of the starting pinion. rend of Abschaltauslaufs of the engine by means of a biasing force in the direction of the ring gear until it touches and then targeted in a further process step on the starting pinion a Einspurkraft is effected to dockspuren the starting pinion in a tooth space of the ring gear, a special gentle meshing of Andrehritzels in the ring gear is possible.
  • the advance of the starter pinion and the application or touching of the starter pinion on the sprocket can immediately set the event at which the drive shaft has the rotational speed zero become. This means that an advance or application of the starter pinion is set to the corresponding event and not, for example, two or three zero passes already take place previously.
  • This "on-time" application of the starter pin has the advantage that any unwanted collisions between teeth of the starter pinion and teeth of the toothed rim (ratchets) are reduced as far as possible and wear is minimized accordingly a further subclaim is provided that the process step in which the not driven by the starter motor starting pinion is advanced by a Vorspuraktuator by means of a biasing force towards the ring gear, after switching off the engine and before a first or second time takes place, to which the drive shaft the internal combustion engine reaches zero speed or only after the drive shaft has reached an angular acceleration of zero. Part that the contact time between starter pinion and sprocket is particularly short.
  • the method step according to which a starting force is selectively effected on the starting pinion in order to engage the starting pinion in a gear gap of the ring gear, takes place at each shutdown of the internal combustion engine.
  • the above-mentioned method step only takes place when a control of the internal combustion engine receives a start signal, after which the internal combustion engine is to be brought back into the motorized self-running for driving a vehicle.
  • Fig. 6 is another speed diagram.
  • an internal combustion engine 10 which has a ring gear 13.
  • the side of the internal combustion engine 10 is a starting device 16, which has a starter pinion 19.
  • the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine 10 is driven by a drive shaft 22.
  • An arranged in the starting device 16 starter motor 25 drives the starter pinion 19 at.
  • a Vorspuraktuator 28, designed for example as a starter relay (solenoid with electrical switching function) or only solenoid is suitable to advance the starting pinion 19 in the direction of the ring gear and then civilspuren in a further step in a tooth gap of the ring gear 13.
  • Fig. La the situation is shown in which the internal combustion engine 10 has a still rotating drive shaft 22, which has a variable speed n as usual. Since the internal combustion engine is already switched off, and the drive shaft 22 is still rotating, this is in the so-called outlet.
  • the speed n changes macroscopically, d. H. in the mean value, the speed n drops more or less quickly to zero. Usually several relative minima and maxima are formed.
  • the starter pinion 19 is not meshed in the ring gear 13.
  • the method step S1 the switching off of the internal combustion engine 10 has already taken place.
  • Fig. Lb is shown how the non-driven by the starter motor 25 Andrehritzel 19 is advanced by the Vorspuraktuator 28 by means of a biasing force F v in the direction of the ring gear 13 until it touches or rests against this.
  • FIG. 1c it is shown how, in accordance with the further method step S3, a meshing force F E is specifically effected on the starting pinion 19 in order to engage the starting pinion 19 in a tooth space of the ring gear 13.
  • a detail of a ring gear 13 is shown. This has on the circumference arranged teeth 31 and between each two teeth 31 a tooth gap 34. There in the background, a piecing 19 is shown with a tooth 37 in detail. This tooth 37 is to be inserted into the tooth gap 34.
  • a method for engaging a starter pinion 19 of a starting device 16 in a ring gear 13 of an internal combustion engine 10 wherein the internal combustion engine 10 has a drive shaft 22 and the starting device 16 has a starter motor 25, wherein the drive shaft 22 has a variable speed n and in one process step Sl a shutdown of the internal combustion engine 10 takes place and thereby in a step S2 the non-rotationally driven by the starter motor 25 starting pinion 19 is advanced by a Vorspuraktuator 28 by means of a biasing force F v toward the ring gear 13 until it touches or rests against this and thereafter
  • a meshing force F E is selectively applied to the starting pinion 19 in order to engage the starting pinion 19 in a tooth gap 34 of the ring gear 13.
  • FIG. 3 various possible speed situations between sprocket 13 and starter pinion 19 are shown.
  • the center line shows an assumed peripheral speed V i3 of the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine 10. Above this line, it is indicated that the peripheral speed V i9 of the starting pinion 19 is greater than the peripheral speed V 2 2 of the ring gear 22. Below this line, it is indicated that the peripheral speed of the driving sprocket 19 is smaller than that of the sprocket 13. Both underneath and above the peripheral speed V 2 2, an amount not specified here in terms of amount is respectively recognizable above and below the line.
  • the line Vi 9V indicates the maximum peripheral speed of the Andrehritzels 19, in which still a meshing of the Andrehritzels 19 in the ring gear 13 is possible.
  • the lower line Vi 9R shows the smaller peripheral speed of the Andrehritzels 19, which also still allows a meshing in the ring gear 13.
  • the associated speed fluctuations run alternately to form relative minima and maxima.
  • the drive shaft after a few piston strokes - in the case of a piston engine - reaches a first zero passage at D N i, so that the drive shaft 22 stops for a moment and then reverses its direction of rotation finally, a negative speed maximum (equal Drehiereminimun n min) to traverse, from then on be in magnitude to slow down again in order to achieve a further zero crossing D N2 and again assume the original direction of rotation, following the zero crossing D N2.
  • the speed n 2 2 of the drive shaft then approaches zero asymptotically.
  • the method proceeds in such a way that when the internal combustion engine is switched off or shortly afterwards, the rotational speed of the drive shaft 22 is observed and analyzed in order to determine the instant of the first zero crossing D Ni .
  • the "monitoring” and “analyzing” corresponds to the determination of a prognosis of how the speed curve of the drive shaft 22 develops over time t.
  • time t Di it is calculated back how much time is needed for the Einspuren (time t E ), how much time for the application or for its duration is needed (t / 0 and how much time t v is required for toeing
  • time t E the starting pinion 19 is advanced, from the point in time t 2 on the ring gear 13 during the time t A applied and Then during the time t E meshed in the ring gear 13.
  • a differential rotation angle between the pinion and ring gear is at least equal to a tooth spacing.
  • the geometry of pinion and ring gear and the pinion dynamics ensure a sufficiently large speed window for the Einspurvorgang.
  • the speed gradients of internal combustion engine 10 and starter or starter must tion 16 allow the sweeping of the required relative rotation angle. If necessary, ensure that the starting device does not turn on the starter pinion 19.
  • the phase "Create" from the time t 2 can already be done before the
  • FIG. 5 deals with the temporal relationships around the second zero crossing DN2.
  • the time tD2 is predicted at which the zero-crossing DN2 is expected. From this point onwards, as in the case of the first zero procedure, part of the
  • Internal combustion engine be Ltdspurt. This means that the application of the starter pinion 19 to the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine can be done starting from a certain period of time for the process before reaching the first zero crossing, if a certain time window is excluded in the control, cf. Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 6 it is shown how the period results, to which no activation of the Vorspuraktuators 28 is permitted. If one starts from the time of the predicted first zero crossing tD1 and calculates the duration of the application tA, one obtains the beginning of the time from when the toggle is actuated. actuator 28 is no longer allowed. The end of this period tNZ results from the permissible speed window around the zero crossing and here by the minimum permissible speed before the second zero crossing. Starting from this time tf, in turn, the time of the intended application of the Andrehritzels 19 is deducted. This then results in the time in which the pre-stroke actuator can not be controlled in order to obtain a secure meshing.
  • a meshing of the driving sprocket 19 takes place at a time t 1 or t D 2 at which the drive shaft 22 of the internal combustion engine 10 has a speed n which is zero after the internal combustion engine 10 has been switched off. Accordingly, it is provided that the rotational speed equal to zero sets a first time or thereafter occurring again. As mentioned for the two zero-crossings, it is provided that a time tD1, TD2, at which the rotational speed n is zero, is determined by a precalculation. Accordingly, it is also provided that the other pinion 19 is advanced in the direction of the ring gear 13 after the preliminary calculation by means of the towing force F v .
  • the method step S3 is carried out after switching off the internal combustion engine 10 and before a first or second time tD1, tD2, at which the drive shaft 22 of the internal combustion engine 10 reaches the speed n equal to zero or only after the drive shaft 22 has reached an angular acceleration of zero ,
  • the situation in which the drive shaft 22 has the angular acceleration of the amount zero is the area in which the drive shaft 22 is stationary.
  • the method step S3, after which the starting pinion 19 specifically experiences a meshing force FE takes place at each shutdown of the internal combustion engine 10.
  • step S3 can only be carried out follow when a control of the internal combustion engine 10 receives a start signal, after which the internal combustion engine is to be brought back into the engine self-run for driving a vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for meshing a starter pinion (19) of a starting device (16) into a ring gear (13) of an internal combustion engine (10). The internal combustion engine (10) has a driveshaft (22), and the starting device (16) has a starter motor (25), said driveshaft (22) having a variable rotational speed (n). The internal combustion engine (10) is switched off in a method step (S1), and the starter pinion (19), which is not being rotationally driven by the starter motor (25), is then advanced in the direction of the ring gear (13) by a toe-in actuator (28) by means of a toe-in force (FV) in a method step (S2) until the starter pinion contacts the ring gear. A meshing force (FE) is then exerted onto the starter pinion (19) in a controlled manner in an additional method step (S3) in order to mesh the starter pinion (19) into a tooth gap (34) of the ring gear (13).

Description

Beschreibung  description
Verfahren zum Einspuren eines Andrehritzels einer Startvorrichtung in einemMethod for engaging a starter pinion of a starting device in one
Zahnkranz einer Brennkraftmaschine Stand der Technik Sprocket of an internal combustion engine prior art
Es sind Start- Stopp-Systeme bekannt, bei denen die Brennkraftmaschine nach einer bestimmten Strategie aus- und eingeschaltet wird. Bekannt sind ebenfalls Start- Stopp-Systeme auf Basis von Ritzel-Startern, die zum Start ein Ritzel in ei- nen Anlasserzahnkranz des Verbrennungsmotors einspuren. There are known start-stop systems in which the internal combustion engine is switched off and on according to a specific strategy. Also known are start-stop systems based on pinion starters, which engage a pinion in a starter ring gear of the internal combustion engine for starting.
Bei bisherigen Start- Stopp-Systemen kann das Einspuren des Ritzels in den Zahnkranz und das Wiederstarten der Brennkraftmaschinen erst nach dem vollständigen Stillstand der Antriebs- bzw. Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine er- folgen. Dadurch ergeben sich in einem Stopp- Fall unter Umständen zeitlicheIn previous start-stop systems, the meshing of the pinion in the ring gear and the restart of the internal combustion engine only after the complete stoppage of the drive or crankshaft of the internal combustion engine follow. This may result in a stop case under certain circumstances temporal
Verzüge und Komfortnachteile. Diese sollen durch das Einspuren des Starters bzw. dessen Ritzels in den auslaufenden Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine vermieden oder verkürzt werden. Ein derartiger Ablauf wird in Fachkreisen auch als„Change of Mind" bezeichnet. Dieser Begriff gibt an, dass ein Bewußtseins- wandel des Fahrers des Fahrzeugs zu einem neuen Fahrwunsch mit erforderlichem Neustart bzw. Wiederhochlaufen der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden ist. Delays and comfort disadvantages. These are to be avoided or shortened by the meshing of the starter or its pinion in the expiring sprocket of the engine. Such a procedure is also referred to in professional circles as "change of mind." This term indicates that a change of consciousness of the driver of the vehicle is connected to a new driving request with a required restart or restart of the internal combustion engine.
Verschiedene Strategien zur Bestromung des Startermotors und zum Einspuren des Starterritzels sind beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2008 040 830 AI bekannt. Diese Strategien setzen jeweils ein Startsystem voraus, bei dem die FunktionenVarious strategies for energizing the starter motor and the meshing of the starter pinion are known for example from DE 10 2008 040 830 AI. These strategies each require a starting system in which the functions
„Andrehen des Startermotors" und„Einspuren des Starterritzels" unabhängig voneinander ablaufen können. "Starting the starter motor" and "Tracing the starter pinion" can run independently.
Die hier nachfolgend beschriebenen Verfahren geben weitere Varianten der Strategie zum Andrehen des Startermotors und zum Einspuren des Starterritzels in den Anlasserzahnkranz an. Diese sind mit dem Ziel verbunden, die Vorteile der Funktion„Change of Mind" auch in der Auspendelphase des Verbrennungsmotors nach dem Abstellen nutzen zu können. Des Weiteren werden Entscheidungskriterien zum Ausführen einer geeigneten Strategie für das Einspuren des Starters in den auslaufenden Verbrennungsmotor angegeben. So, dass für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall primäre Ziele bestmöglich erfüllt werden. Zu diesen primären Zielen gehört beispielsweise die sogenannte Wiederstartdauer, Reduzierung von Schwingungen beim Starten mit dem Fahrzeug, Geräuschreduzierung sowie Erhöhung der Lebensdauer des Startsystems. The methods described below give further variants of the strategy for cranking the starter motor and for meshing the starter pinion in the starter ring gear. These are linked to the goal of being able to take advantage of the "Change of Mind" function even in the deceleration phase of the internal combustion engine after shutdown, as well as deciding criteria for implementing a suitable strategy for aligning the starter with the outgoing internal combustion engine that primary objectives are best met for each application, such as the so-called re-start duration, reduction of vibrations when starting with the vehicle, noise reduction and increasing the lifetime of the starting system.
Für die Auswahl der Einspurstrategie sind grundsätzlich zwei Aspekte zu berücksichtigen: There are basically two aspects to consider when choosing the single track strategy:
Einerseits eine Abstimmung zwischen Schwingungsreduktion beim Abstellen des Motors und Verbesserung der Lebensdauer bzw. Geräuschreduzierung beim Einspuren, d. h. es wird entweder bei jedem Auslauf eingespurt bzw. nur dann eingespurt, wenn eine Startanforderung (Brennkraftmaschine wieder in den Selbstlauf bringen) bereits im Auslauf vorliegt. On the one hand a vote between vibration reduction when stopping the engine and improving the life or noise reduction when meshing, d. H. It is either meshed with each spout or just meshed when a start request (bring internal combustion engine back to self-running) is already in the outlet.
Andererseits ist zu berücksichtigen, dass zwischen der erforderlichen Funktionalität insbesondere bei separatem Andrehen des Starters eine Abstimmung zur Dauer des Wiederstarts bei Vorliegen einer Startanforderung im Auslauf vorgenommen wird. Zusätzlich können verschiedene Strategien entsprechend dem Zeitpunkt der Auslösung der Startanforderung im Auslauf des Verbrennungsmotors ausgewählt werden. So kann beispielsweise gewählt werden, ob das Einspuren bei noch positiven verschiedenen Drehzahlen des Verbrennungsmotors oder bereits beim Rückpendeln erfolgt. Hier erfolgt eine Festlegung des Zeitpunkts an Hand der Funktionalität des Startsystems.  On the other hand, it should be noted that, in particular when the starter is turned on separately, a vote is made between the required functionality and the duration of the restart in the event of a start request in the outlet. In addition, various strategies may be selected according to the timing of the initiation of the start request in the engine exhaust. Thus, for example, it can be selected whether the meshing occurs at still positive different rotational speeds of the internal combustion engine or already during the return oscillation. Here is a determination of the time based on the functionality of the start system.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Vorteile der Erfindung Advantages of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Einspuren eines Eindrehritzels einer Startvorrichtung in einen Zahnkranz einer Brennkraftmaschine hat den Vorteil, dass durch das Verschieben des Andrehritzels in einem Verfahrensschritt wäh- rend des Abschaltauslaufs der Brennkraftmaschine mittels einer Vorspurkraft in Richtung zum Zahnkranz bis es diesen berührt und danach in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt auf das Andrehritzel gezielt eine Einspurkraft bewirkt wird, um das Andrehritzel in eine Zahnlücke des Zahnkranzes einzuspuren, ein besonderes schonendes Einspuren des Andrehritzels in den Zahnkranz möglich ist. The method according to the invention for the meshing of a drive-in pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine has the advantage that in one step, as a result of the displacement of the starting pinion. rend of Abschaltauslaufs of the engine by means of a biasing force in the direction of the ring gear until it touches and then targeted in a further process step on the starting pinion a Einspurkraft is effected to einzuspuren the starting pinion in a tooth space of the ring gear, a special gentle meshing of Andrehritzels in the ring gear is possible.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Erfolgt ein Einspuren des Andrehritzels zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Antriebswelle der Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine eine Drehzahl aufweist, die Null ist, so ist ein besonderes schonendes Einspuren in eine Zahnlücke des Zahnkranzes möglich. Dabei kann die Situation, wonach eine Drehzahl der Antriebswelle Null ist, ein erstes Mal oder ein danach auftretendes weiteres Mal nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine sein. Auch dadurch ist ein schonendes Einspuren möglich. Zudem wäre ein Einspuren des Andrehritzels in einer solchen Situation gemessen an einem Einspuren nach einem definitiven Stillstand der Antriebswelle früh und somit ein schneller Wiederstart der Brennkraftmaschine möglich. Wird der oder werden die Zeitpunkte, zu denen sich die Drehzahl Null einstellt, durch eine Vorausberechnung ermittelt, so kann das Vorschieben des Andrehritzels und das Anlegen bzw. Berühren des Andrehritzels am Zahnkranz dem Ereignis, zu dem die Antriebswelle die Drehzahl Null hat, unmittelbar eingestellt werden. Dies bedeutet, dass ein Vorschieben bzw. Anlegen des Andrehritzels auf das entsprechende Ereignis eingestellt ist und nicht beispielsweise zwei oder drei Null-Durchgänge zuvor bereits stattfindet. Dieses„pünktliche" Anlegen des Andrehritzels hat den Vorteil, dass eventuelle ungewollte Kollisionen zwischen Zähnen des Andrehritzels und Zähnen des Zahnkranzes (Ratschen) möglichst verringert und dadurch Verschleiß minimiert wird. Dementsprechend ist es auch von Vorteil, dass das Erzeugen der Vorspurkraft vorberechnet wird. Gemäß einem weiteren Unteranspruch ist vorgesehen, dass der Verfahrensschritt, in dem das durch den Startermotor nicht angetriebene Andrehritzel durch einen Vorspuraktuator mittels einer Vorspurkraft in Richtung zum Zahnkranz vorgeschoben wird, nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine und vor einem ersten oder zweiten Zeitpunkt erfolgt, zu dem die Antriebswelle der Brennkraftmaschine die Drehzahl Null erreicht oder erst nachdem die Antriebswelle eine Winkelbeschleunigung vom Betrag Null erreicht hat. Dies führt zu dem Vor- teil, dass die Kontaktzeit zwischen Andrehritzel und Zahnkranz besonders kurz ist. Further advantages emerge from the subclaims. If there is a meshing of the Andrehritzels at a time at which the drive shaft of the internal combustion engine after switching off the internal combustion engine has a speed which is zero, so a special gentle Einspuren in a tooth space of the ring gear is possible. In this case, the situation in which a rotational speed of the drive shaft is zero may be a first time or a subsequent time after switching off the internal combustion engine. This also makes a gentle meshing possible. In addition, a meshing of Andrehritzels in such a situation measured against a meshing after a definitive stop the drive shaft early and thus a quick restart of the engine would be possible. If the one or more times at which the rotational speed zero is determined by a precalculation, the advance of the starter pinion and the application or touching of the starter pinion on the sprocket can immediately set the event at which the drive shaft has the rotational speed zero become. This means that an advance or application of the starter pinion is set to the corresponding event and not, for example, two or three zero passes already take place previously. This "on-time" application of the starter pin has the advantage that any unwanted collisions between teeth of the starter pinion and teeth of the toothed rim (ratchets) are reduced as far as possible and wear is minimized accordingly a further subclaim is provided that the process step in which the not driven by the starter motor starting pinion is advanced by a Vorspuraktuator by means of a biasing force towards the ring gear, after switching off the engine and before a first or second time takes place, to which the drive shaft the internal combustion engine reaches zero speed or only after the drive shaft has reached an angular acceleration of zero. Part that the contact time between starter pinion and sprocket is particularly short.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Verfahrensschritt, wonach auf das Andrehritzel gezielt eine Einspurkraft bewirkt wird, um das Andrehritzel in eine Verzahnlücke des Zahnkranzes einzuspuren, bei einem jeden Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt. Dadurch ist potentiell die Situation gegeben, dass eine maximal schnelle Möglichkeit zum Hochdrehen der Brennkraftmaschine gegeben ist. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the method step, according to which a starting force is selectively effected on the starting pinion in order to engage the starting pinion in a gear gap of the ring gear, takes place at each shutdown of the internal combustion engine. As a result, the situation is potentially given that a maximum fast way to spin up the engine is given.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der eben erwähnte Verfahrensschritt nur dann erfolgt, wenn eine Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine ein Startsignal erhält, wonach die Brennkraftmaschine wieder in den motorischen Selbstlauf zum Antreiben eines Fahrzeugs gebracht werden soll. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass einerseits Energie eingespart wird, da die Fälle, in denen danach kein weiterer motorischer Selbstlauf erforderlich ist, nicht stattfinden und andererseits das Getriebe bzw. das Andrehritzel und der Zahnkranz an dieser Stelle geschont werden (weniger Verschleiß). According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the above-mentioned method step only takes place when a control of the internal combustion engine receives a start signal, after which the internal combustion engine is to be brought back into the motorized self-running for driving a vehicle. This has the advantage that energy is saved on the one hand, since the cases in which no further motor self-running is then required, not take place and on the other hand the gear or the starter pinion and the ring gear are spared at this point (less wear).
Beschreibungen der Zeichnungen Descriptions of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden beispielhaft an Hand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen The invention will be explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to FIGS. Show it
Fig. la bis Fig. lc eine schematische Darstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Startvorrichtung in drei verschiedenen Situationen, 1c to 1c a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with a starting device in three different situations,
Fig. 2 zeigt ausschnittsweise einen Zahnkranz mit einem davor angeordneten Andrehritzel, 2 shows a detail of a sprocket with a pre-arranged inrush,
Fig. 3 zeigt in vier Feldern mögliche Drehzahlsituationen zwischen Zahnkranz und Andrehritzel, 3 shows in four fields possible speed situations between sprocket and starter pinion,
Fig. 4 zeigt in welchen Drehzahlbereichen der Antriebswelle mit nichtdrehen- dem Andrehritzel eingespurt werden kann, Fig. 5 zeigt ein weiteres Drehzahldiagramm mit den zeitlichen Zusammenhängen bei einem zweiten Null-Durchgang, 4 shows in which speed ranges the drive shaft can be meshed with non-rotating starting pinion, 5 shows a further speed diagram with the temporal relationships at a second zero crossing,
Fig. 6 ein weiteres Drehzahldiagramm. Fig. 6 is another speed diagram.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
In Fig. la bis Fig. lc ist eine Brennkraftmaschine 10 dargestellt, die einen Zahnkranz 13 aufweist. Seitlich neben der Brennkraftmaschine 10 befindet sich eine Startvorrichtung 16, die ein Andrehritzel 19 aufweist. Der Zahnkranz 13 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 wird durch eine Antriebswelle 22 angetrieben. Ein in der Startvorrichtung 16 angeordneter Startermotor 25 treibt das Andrehritzel 19 an. Ein Vorspuraktuator 28, beispielsweise als Starterrelais (Hubmagnet mit elektrischer Schaltfunktion) oder nur Hubmagnet ausgeführt, ist dazu geeignet, das Andrehritzel 19 in Richtung zum Zahnkranz vorzuschieben und danach in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt in eine Zahnlücke des Zahnkranzes 13 einzuspuren. In Fig. La to Fig. Lc, an internal combustion engine 10 is shown, which has a ring gear 13. The side of the internal combustion engine 10 is a starting device 16, which has a starter pinion 19. The ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine 10 is driven by a drive shaft 22. An arranged in the starting device 16 starter motor 25 drives the starter pinion 19 at. A Vorspuraktuator 28, designed for example as a starter relay (solenoid with electrical switching function) or only solenoid is suitable to advance the starting pinion 19 in the direction of the ring gear and then einzuspuren in a further step in a tooth gap of the ring gear 13.
In Fig. la ist die Situation dargestellt, in der die Brennkraftmaschine 10 eine noch drehende Antriebswelle 22 aufweist, die wie üblich eine variable Drehzahl n aufweist. Da die Brennkraftmaschine bereits abgeschaltet ist, und sich die Antriebswelle 22 noch dreht, befindet sich diese im sogenannten Auslauf. Die Drehzahl n ändert sich makroskopisch, d. h. im Mittelwert sinkt die Drehzahl n mehr oder weniger schnell gegen Null. Dabei werden üblicherweise mehrere relative Minima und Maxima ausgebildet. Das Andrehritzel 19 ist nicht im Zahnkranz 13 eingespurt. Der Verfahrensschritt Sl, das Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 ist bereits erfolgt. In Fig. La, the situation is shown in which the internal combustion engine 10 has a still rotating drive shaft 22, which has a variable speed n as usual. Since the internal combustion engine is already switched off, and the drive shaft 22 is still rotating, this is in the so-called outlet. The speed n changes macroscopically, d. H. in the mean value, the speed n drops more or less quickly to zero. Usually several relative minima and maxima are formed. The starter pinion 19 is not meshed in the ring gear 13. The method step S1, the switching off of the internal combustion engine 10 has already taken place.
Gemäß Fig. lb ist dargestellt, wie das durch den Startermotor 25 nicht angetriebene Andrehritzel 19 durch den Vorspuraktuator 28 mittels einer Vorspurkraft Fv in Richtung zum Zahnkranz 13 vorgeschoben wird, bis es diesen berührt bzw. an diesem anliegt. Gemäß Fig. lc ist dargestellt, wie gemäß dem weiteren Verfahrensschritt S3 auf das Andrehritzel 19 gezielt eine Einspurkraft FE bewirkt wird, um das Andrehritzel 19 in eine Zahnlücke des Zahnkranzes 13 einzuspuren. According to Fig. Lb is shown how the non-driven by the starter motor 25 Andrehritzel 19 is advanced by the Vorspuraktuator 28 by means of a biasing force F v in the direction of the ring gear 13 until it touches or rests against this. According to FIG. 1c, it is shown how, in accordance with the further method step S3, a meshing force F E is specifically effected on the starting pinion 19 in order to engage the starting pinion 19 in a tooth space of the ring gear 13.
In Fig. 2 ist ausschnittsweise ein Zahnkranz 13 dargestellt. Dieser weist am Umfang angeordnete Zähne 31 sowie zwischen je zwei Zähnen 31 eine Zahnlücke 34 auf. Dort im Hintergrund ist ausschnittsweise auch ein Andrehritzel 19 mit einem Zahn 37 dargestellt. Dieser Zahn 37 ist in die Zahnlücke 34 einzuschieben. In Fig. 2 a detail of a ring gear 13 is shown. This has on the circumference arranged teeth 31 and between each two teeth 31 a tooth gap 34. There in the background, a piecing 19 is shown with a tooth 37 in detail. This tooth 37 is to be inserted into the tooth gap 34.
Demgemäß ist ein Verfahren zum Einspuren eines Andrehritzels 19 einer Startvorrichtung 16 in einen Zahnkranz 13 einer Brennkraftmaschine 10 offenbart, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine 10 eine Antriebswelle 22 und die Startvorrichtung 16 einen Startermotor 25 hat, wobei die Antriebswelle 22 eine variable Drehzahl n aufweist und in einem Verfahrensschritt Sl ein Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 erfolgt und dadurch in einem Verfahrensschritt S2 das durch den Startermotor 25 nicht drehangetriebene Andrehritzel 19 durch einen Vorspuraktuator 28 mittels einer Vorspurkraft Fv in Richtung zum Zahnkranz 13 vorgeschoben wird, bis es diesen berührt bzw. an diesem anliegt und danach in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt S3 auf das Andrehritzel 19 gezielt eine Einspurkraft FE bewirkt, um das Andrehritzel 19 in eine Zahnlücke 34 des Zahnkranzes 13 einzuspuren. Accordingly, a method for engaging a starter pinion 19 of a starting device 16 in a ring gear 13 of an internal combustion engine 10 is disclosed, wherein the internal combustion engine 10 has a drive shaft 22 and the starting device 16 has a starter motor 25, wherein the drive shaft 22 has a variable speed n and in one process step Sl a shutdown of the internal combustion engine 10 takes place and thereby in a step S2 the non-rotationally driven by the starter motor 25 starting pinion 19 is advanced by a Vorspuraktuator 28 by means of a biasing force F v toward the ring gear 13 until it touches or rests against this and thereafter In a further method step S3, a meshing force F E is selectively applied to the starting pinion 19 in order to engage the starting pinion 19 in a tooth gap 34 of the ring gear 13.
In der Fig. 3 sind verschiedene mögliche Drehzahlsituationen zwischen Zahnkranz 13 und Andrehritzel 19 dargestellt. Die Mittellinie zeigt eine angenommene Umfangsgeschwindigkeit Vi3 des Zahnkranzes 13 der Brennkraftmaschine 10. Oberhalb dieser Linie wird angezeigt, dass die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit Vi9 des Andrehritzels 19 größer als die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit V22 des Zahnkranzes 22 ist. Unterhalb dieser Linie wird angezeigt, dass die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Andrehritzels 19 kleiner als die des Zahnkranzes 13 ist. Sowohl unterhalb als auch oberhalb der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit V22 ist ein betragsmäßig hier nicht näher angegebener Bereich jeweils oberhalb und unterhalb der Linie erkennbar. Die Linie Vi9V gibt die maximale Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Andrehritzels 19 an, bei der noch ein Einspuren des Andrehritzels 19 in den Zahnkranz 13 möglich ist. Die untere Linie Vi9R zeigt die kleinere Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Andrehritzels 19, die ebenfalls noch ein Einspuren in den Zahnkranz 13 ermöglicht. Geschwindigkeitsverhältnisse, die oberhalb bzw. unterhalb dieser Linien Vi9V bzw. V19R liegen, machen ein Einspuren nicht möglich. Dies führt zu dem bekannten Phänomen des Ratschens (einander Abgleiten der Zähne des Zahnkranzes 13 und der Zähne 37 des Andrehritzels 19). In Fig. 4 ist ein Auslauf der Antriebswelle 22 dargestellt. Die damit einhergehenden Drehzahlschwankungen verlaufen alternierend unter Ausbildung von relativen Minima und Maxima. Üblicherweise erreicht die Antriebswelle wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, nach einigen Kolbenhüben - so es sich um eine Kolbenmaschine handelt - einen ersten Null-Durchgang bei DNi, so dass die Antriebswelle 22 ei- nen Moment stehen bleibt und dann ihre Drehrichtung umdreht um schließlich ein negatives Drehzahlmaximum (gleich Drehzahlminimun nmin) zu durchlaufen, ab dann dem Betrag nach wieder langsamer zu werden, um einen weiteren Null- Durchgang DN2 zu erreichen und wieder die ursprüngliche Drehrichtung einzunehmen, die dem Nulldurchgang DN2 folgt. Die Drehzahl n22 der Antriebswelle nähert sich dann asymptotisch dem Wert Null. In Fig. 3 various possible speed situations between sprocket 13 and starter pinion 19 are shown. The center line shows an assumed peripheral speed V i3 of the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine 10. Above this line, it is indicated that the peripheral speed V i9 of the starting pinion 19 is greater than the peripheral speed V 2 2 of the ring gear 22. Below this line, it is indicated that the peripheral speed of the driving sprocket 19 is smaller than that of the sprocket 13. Both underneath and above the peripheral speed V 2 2, an amount not specified here in terms of amount is respectively recognizable above and below the line. The line Vi 9V indicates the maximum peripheral speed of the Andrehritzels 19, in which still a meshing of the Andrehritzels 19 in the ring gear 13 is possible. The lower line Vi 9R shows the smaller peripheral speed of the Andrehritzels 19, which also still allows a meshing in the ring gear 13. Speed ratios above or below these lines Vi 9V or V1 9 R lie, make a Einspuren not possible. This leads to the well-known phenomenon of ratcheting (sliding of the teeth of the ring gear 13 and the teeth 37 of the starting pinion 19). 4, an outlet of the drive shaft 22 is shown. The associated speed fluctuations run alternately to form relative minima and maxima. Usually, as shown in FIG. 4, the drive shaft, after a few piston strokes - in the case of a piston engine - reaches a first zero passage at D N i, so that the drive shaft 22 stops for a moment and then reverses its direction of rotation finally, a negative speed maximum (equal Drehzahlminimun n min) to traverse, from then on be in magnitude to slow down again in order to achieve a further zero crossing D N2 and again assume the original direction of rotation, following the zero crossing D N2. The speed n 2 2 of the drive shaft then approaches zero asymptotically.
Das Verfahren verläuft dabei derartig, dass mit dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine oder kurz danach die Drehzahl der Antriebswelle 22 beobachtet und analysiert wird, um den Zeitpunkt des ersten Null-Durchgangs DNi zu ermitteln. Das „Beobachten" und„Analysieren" entspricht dabei der Ermittlung einer Prognose, wie sich der Drehzahlverlauf der Antriebswelle 22 über die Zeit t entwickelt. Ausgehend von diesem Zeitpunkt tDi wird zurückgerechnet, wie viel Zeit für das Einspuren benötigt wird (Zeit tE), wie viel Zeit für das Anlegen bzw. für dessen Andauer benötigt wird (t/0 und wie viel Zeit tv zum Vorspuren erforderlich ist. Durch dieses Rückrechnen erhält man einen Zeitpunkt ti, von dem ausgehend das Vorschieben des Starterritzels bzw. Andrehritzels veranlasst wird. Ausgehend von diesem Zeitpunkt ti wird das Andrehritzel 19 vorgeschoben, ab dem Zeitpunkt t2 an den Zahnkranz 13 während der Zeitdauer tA angelegt und danach während der Zeit tE in den Zahnkranz 13 eingespurt. Während des Anlegens wird ein Differenzdrehwinkel zwischen Ritzel und Zahnkranz überstrichen, der zumindest einem Zahnabstand entspricht. Dazu ist es notwendig, dass die Geometrie von Ritzel und Zahnkranz sowie die Ritzeldynamik (Ritzelmasse, erzeugte Vorschubkraft über den Einspuraktuator und eine Feder) ein ausreichend großes Drehzahlfenster für den Einspurvorgang sicherstellen. Des Weiteren müssen die Drehzahlgradienten von Brennkraftmaschine 10 und Starter bzw. Startvorrich- tung 16 das Überstreichen des erforderlichen Relativdrehwinkels ermöglichen. Dazu ist ggf. sicherzustellen, dass die Startvorrichtung das Andrehritzel 19 noch nicht andreht. Die Phase„Anlegen" ab dem Zeitpunkt t2 kann bereits dann erfolgen, bevor dasThe method proceeds in such a way that when the internal combustion engine is switched off or shortly afterwards, the rotational speed of the drive shaft 22 is observed and analyzed in order to determine the instant of the first zero crossing D Ni . The "monitoring" and "analyzing" corresponds to the determination of a prognosis of how the speed curve of the drive shaft 22 develops over time t. Starting from this time t Di , it is calculated back how much time is needed for the Einspuren (time t E ), how much time for the application or for its duration is needed (t / 0 and how much time t v is required for toeing Starting from this point in time ti, the starting pinion 19 is advanced, from the point in time t 2 on the ring gear 13 during the time t A applied and Then during the time t E meshed in the ring gear 13. During application, a differential rotation angle between the pinion and ring gear is at least equal to a tooth spacing.For this purpose, it is necessary that the geometry of pinion and ring gear and the pinion dynamics (pinion mass, generated feed force via the Einspuraktuator and a spring) ensure a sufficiently large speed window for the Einspurvorgang. Furthermore, the speed gradients of internal combustion engine 10 and starter or starter must tion 16 allow the sweeping of the required relative rotation angle. If necessary, ensure that the starting device does not turn on the starter pinion 19. The phase "Create" from the time t 2 can already be done before the
Drehzahlfenster erreicht ist, ein sogenanntes„Frühanlegen". Dabei muss dann sichergestellt sein, dass das Drehzahlfenster, welches ein Einspuren ermöglicht, erreicht wird. Die punktierte Linie zeigt einen möglichen Drehzahlanstieg der Antriebswelle 22 an, der nach erfolgreichem Start ablaufen kann. It must then be ensured that the speed window, which allows a meshing, is reached.Dotted line indicates a possible speed increase of the drive shaft 22, which can run after a successful start.
Die Darstellung in Fig. 5 beschäftigt sich mit den zeitlichen Zusammenhängen rund um den zweiten Null-Durchgang DN2. Auch hier wird zunächst der Zeitpunkt tD2 prognostiziert, zu dem der Null-Durchgang DN2 erwartet wird. Von diesem Zeitpunkt wird wie bereits zum ersten Null-Vorgang ein Teil der The illustration in FIG. 5 deals with the temporal relationships around the second zero crossing DN2. Here again, the time tD2 is predicted at which the zero-crossing DN2 is expected. From this point onwards, as in the case of the first zero procedure, part of the
Einspurdauer, die Anlegezeit und die Vorspurzeit zurückgerechnet, um den Zeitpunkt tl zu ermitteln, zu dem das Andrehritzel 19 vorgespurt werden soll. Von tl ausgehend wird das Andrehritzel 19 vorgespurt, bis es zum Zeitpunkt t2 am Zahnkranz 13 anliegt für die Dauer tA. Ab t3 beginnt der Einspurvorgang des Andrehritzels 19 in den Zahnkranz 13. Für diesen Einspurvorgang gelten die glei- chen Bedingungen wie sie bereits für den ersten Null-Vorgang angegeben sind. Einspurdauer, the application time and the Vorspurzeit back calculated to determine the time tl at which the starter pinion 19 should be vorgespurt. Starting from tl, the starter pinion 19 is pre-spun until, at the time t2, it rests against the ring gear 13 for the duration tA. From t3, the meshing operation of the starting pinion 19 into the ring gear 13 begins. For this meshing operation, the same conditions apply as those already indicated for the first zeroing operation.
Sofern die Bauart und die Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine sicherstellen, dass das Drehzahlfenster für ein zuverlässiges Einspuren nach der zweiten Drehzahlumkehr DN2 nicht mehr überschritten wird, kann im ersten Null-Durchgang und beginnend zu einem zweiten Null-Durchgang in der Rückpendelphase derIf the design and the control of the internal combustion engine ensure that the speed window for a reliable engagement after the second speed reversal DN2 is no longer exceeded, can in the first zero crossing and starting to a second zero crossing in the Rückpendelphase the
Brennkraftmaschine eingespurt werden. Dies bedeutet, dass das Anlegen des Starterritzels 19 an den Zahnkranz 13 der Brennkraftmaschine beginnend ab einer bestimmten Zeitdauer für den Vorgang vor dem Erreichen des ersten Null- Durchgangs erfolgen kann, sofern ein bestimmtes Zeitfenster bei der Ansteue- rung ausgenommen wird, vgl. Fig. 6. Internal combustion engine be eingespurt. This means that the application of the starter pinion 19 to the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine can be done starting from a certain period of time for the process before reaching the first zero crossing, if a certain time window is excluded in the control, cf. Fig. 6.
In Fig. 6 ist dargestellt, wie sich der Zeitraum ergibt, zu dem keine Ansteuerung des Vorspuraktuators 28 zulässig ist. Geht man vom Zeitpunkt des prognostizierten ersten Null-Durchgangs tDl aus und rechnet die Dauer des Anlegens tA zu- rück, erhält man den Beginn des Zeitpunkts ab dem ein Ansteuern des Vorspur- aktuators 28 nicht mehr zulässig ist. Das Ende dieses Zeitraums tNZ ergibt sich durch das zulässige Drehzahlfenster rund um den Null-Durchgang und hier durch die minimal zulässige Drehzahl vor dem zweiten Null-Durchgang. Ausgehend von diesem Zeitpunkt tf, ist wiederum die Zeit des vorgesehenen Anlegens des Andrehritzels 19 abzuziehen. Daraus ergibt sich dann die Zeit, in der der Vor- spuraktuator nicht angesteuert werden darf, um ein sicheres Einspuren zu erlangen. In Fig. 6 it is shown how the period results, to which no activation of the Vorspuraktuators 28 is permitted. If one starts from the time of the predicted first zero crossing tD1 and calculates the duration of the application tA, one obtains the beginning of the time from when the toggle is actuated. actuator 28 is no longer allowed. The end of this period tNZ results from the permissible speed window around the zero crossing and here by the minimum permissible speed before the second zero crossing. Starting from this time tf, in turn, the time of the intended application of the Andrehritzels 19 is deducted. This then results in the time in which the pre-stroke actuator can not be controlled in order to obtain a secure meshing.
Ist zusätzlich die Bedingung erfüllt, dass die Drehzahl der Antriebswelle 22 auch beim Rückpendeln das Drehzahlfenster für ein zuverlässiges Einspuren nicht verlässt, d. h. der Tiefpunkt der Drehzahlkurve ist oberhalb der unteren Drehzahlgrenze, kann sogar beginnend mit dem Einspuren im ersten Null-Durchgang in der kompletten Rückpendelphase der Brennkraftmaschine eingespurt werden. Die punktierte Linie zeigt einen möglichen Drehzahlanstieg der Antriebswelle 22 an, der nach erfolgreichem Start ablaufen kann. If, in addition, the condition is satisfied that the rotational speed of the drive shaft 22 does not leave the speed window for a reliable meshing even when swinging back, d. H. the low point of the speed curve is above the lower speed limit, can even be eingespurt beginning with the meshing in the first zero-crossing in the complete Rückpendelphase the internal combustion engine. The dotted line indicates a possible increase in speed of the drive shaft 22, which can take place after a successful start.
Gemäß den Beschreibungen zu den Figuren 4 und 5 ist vorgesehen, dass ein Einspuren des Andrehritzels 19 zu einem Zeitpunkt tl bzw. tD2 erfolgt, zu dem die Antriebswelle 22 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 eine Drehzahl n aufweist, die Null ist. Demgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass sich die Drehzahl gleich Null ein erstes Mal oder danach auftretendes weiteres Mal einstellt. Wie zu den beiden Null-Durchgängen erwähnt, ist vorgesehen, dass ein Zeitpunkt tDl, TD2, zu dem sich die Drehzahl n Null einstellt, durch eine Vorausberechnung ermittelt wird. Es ist demnach auch vorge- sehen, dass das andere Ritzel 19 nach der Vorausberechnung mittels der Vorspurkraft Fv in Richtung zum Zahnkranz 13 vorgeschoben wird. Der Verfahrensschritt S3 erfolgt nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 und vor einem ersten oder zweiten Zeitpunkt tDl, tD2, zu dem die Antriebswelle 22 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 die Drehzahl n gleich Null erreicht oder erst nachdem die An- triebswelle 22 eine Winkelbeschleunigung vom Betrag Null erreicht hat. Die Situation, bei der die Antriebswelle 22 die Winkelbeschleunigung vom Betrag Null hat, ist der Bereich, in dem die Antriebswelle 22 stillsteht. Gemäß einer Variante des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass der Verfahrensschritt S3, wonach das Andrehritzel 19 gezielt eine Einspurkraft FE erfährt, bei einem jeden Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 erfolgt. Alternativ kann der Schritt S3 auch nur dann er- folgen, wenn eine Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine 10 ein Startsignal erhält, wonach die Brennkraftmaschine wieder in den motorischen Selbstlauf zum Antreiben eines Fahrzeugs gebracht werden soll. According to the descriptions of FIGS. 4 and 5, it is provided that a meshing of the driving sprocket 19 takes place at a time t 1 or t D 2 at which the drive shaft 22 of the internal combustion engine 10 has a speed n which is zero after the internal combustion engine 10 has been switched off. Accordingly, it is provided that the rotational speed equal to zero sets a first time or thereafter occurring again. As mentioned for the two zero-crossings, it is provided that a time tD1, TD2, at which the rotational speed n is zero, is determined by a precalculation. Accordingly, it is also provided that the other pinion 19 is advanced in the direction of the ring gear 13 after the preliminary calculation by means of the towing force F v . The method step S3 is carried out after switching off the internal combustion engine 10 and before a first or second time tD1, tD2, at which the drive shaft 22 of the internal combustion engine 10 reaches the speed n equal to zero or only after the drive shaft 22 has reached an angular acceleration of zero , The situation in which the drive shaft 22 has the angular acceleration of the amount zero, is the area in which the drive shaft 22 is stationary. According to a variant of the method, it is provided that the method step S3, after which the starting pinion 19 specifically experiences a meshing force FE, takes place at each shutdown of the internal combustion engine 10. Alternatively, step S3 can only be carried out follow when a control of the internal combustion engine 10 receives a start signal, after which the internal combustion engine is to be brought back into the engine self-run for driving a vehicle.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Einspuren eines Andrehritzels (19) einer Startvorrichtung (16) in einen Zahnkranz (13) einer Brennkraftmaschine (10), wobei die Brennkraftmaschine (10) eine Antriebswelle (22) und die Startvorrichtung (16) einem Startermotor (25) hat, wobei die Antriebswelle (22) eine variable Drehzahl (n) aufweist, und in einem Verfahrensschritt (Sl) ein Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine (10) erfolgt und danach in einem Verfahrensschritt (S2) das durch den Startermotor (25) nicht drehangetriebene Andrehritzel (19) durch einen Vor- spuraktuator (28) mittels einer Vorspurkraft (FV) in Richtung zum Zahnkranz (13) vorgeschoben wird, bis es diesen berührt und danach in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt (S3) auf das Andrehritzel (19) gezielt eine Einspurkraft (FE) bewirkt wird, um das Andrehritzel (19) in eine Zahnlücke (34) des Zahnkranzes (13) einzuspuren. 1. A method for engaging a Andrehritzels (19) of a starting device (16) in a sprocket (13) of an internal combustion engine (10), wherein the internal combustion engine (10) has a drive shaft (22) and the starting device (16) a starter motor (25) , wherein the drive shaft (22) has a variable speed (n), and in a method step (S1) a shutdown of the internal combustion engine (10) and then in a step (S2) by the starter motor (25) not rotationally driven starting pinion (19 ) is advanced by a pre-load actuator (28) by means of a toe force (FV) in the direction of the ring gear (13) until it touches it and then in a further method step (S3) targeted to the starter pinion (19) a Einspurkraft (FE) is effected in order to einzururen the starter pinion (19) in a tooth gap (34) of the ring gear (13).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Einspuren des Andrehritzels (19) zu einem Zeitpunkt (tDl) erfolgt, zu dem die Antriebswelle (22) der Brennkraftmaschine (10) nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine (10) eine Drehzahl (n) aufweist, die Null ist. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a meshing of the Andrehritzels (19) at a time (tDl) takes place, to which the drive shaft (22) of the internal combustion engine (10) after switching off the internal combustion engine (10) has a speed (n ), which is zero.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Drehzahl (n) Null ein erstes Mal oder ein danach auftretendes weiteres Mal einstellt. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotational speed (n) zero sets a first time or a subsequent time occurring again.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Zeitpunkt (tDl, tD2), zu dem sich die Drehzahl (n) Null einstellt durch eine Vorausberechnung ermittelt wird. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a time (tDl, tD2), to which the rotational speed (n) zero is determined by a prediction.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Andrehritzel (19) nach der Vorausberechnung mittels der Vorspurkraft (FV) in Richtung zum Zahnkranz (13) vorgeschoben wird. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the starting pinion (19) after the prediction by means of the toggle force (FV) is advanced in the direction of the sprocket (13).
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verfahrensschritt (S2) nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine (10) und vor einem ersten oder zweiten Zeitpunkt (tDl, tD2) erfolgt, zu dem die Antriebswelle (22) der Brennkraftmaschine (10) die Drehzahl (n) Null erreicht, oder erst nach dem die Antriebswelle (22) eine Winkelbeschleunigung 0 vom Betrag Null erreicht hat. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method step (S2) after switching off the internal combustion engine (10) and before a first or second time (tDl, tD2), to which the drive shaft (22) of the internal combustion engine ( 10) reaches the speed (n) zero, or only after the drive shaft (22) has reached an angular acceleration 0 of zero.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verfahrensschritt (S3) bei einem jeden Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine (10) erfolgt. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method step (S3) takes place at each shutdown of the internal combustion engine (10).
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verfahrensschritt (S3) nur dann erfolgt, wenn eine Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine (10) ein Startsignal erhält, wonach die Brennkraftmaschine (10) wieder in den motorischen Selbstlauf zum Antreiben eines Fahrzeugs gebracht werden soll. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the method step (S3) takes place only when a control of the internal combustion engine (10) receives a start signal, after which the internal combustion engine (10) back into the motorized self-run for driving a vehicle is to be brought.
EP12812615.8A 2011-12-30 2012-12-20 Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine Active EP2798197B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011090158A DE102011090158A1 (en) 2011-12-30 2011-12-30 Method for engaging a starting pinion of a starting device in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2012/076266 WO2013098172A1 (en) 2011-12-30 2012-12-20 Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine

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EP2798197A1 true EP2798197A1 (en) 2014-11-05
EP2798197B1 EP2798197B1 (en) 2021-04-07

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EP (1) EP2798197B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104136763A (en)
DE (1) DE102011090158A1 (en)
HU (1) HUE055074T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2013098172A1 (en)

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DE102011078839A1 (en) * 2011-07-08 2013-01-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for monitoring a meshing operation of a Einspurritzels a starter motor
DE102013226999B4 (en) 2013-12-20 2020-06-04 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Method for engaging an axially displaceable starter pinion of a starting device in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine
DE102015219505B4 (en) * 2015-10-08 2019-03-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Pinion starter gearbox with corrected gear geometry
GB2580096B (en) * 2018-12-21 2021-10-27 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Controller and method for operating starter motor

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DE102005021227A1 (en) * 2005-05-09 2006-11-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starting device for internal combustion engines in motor vehicles
DE102005049092B4 (en) * 2005-10-13 2016-06-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh A method for meshing the starter pinion of a starter in the starter tooth circuit of an internal combustion engine when the internal combustion engine
DE102006011644A1 (en) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device having a first gear part for meshing in a second gear part, in particular starting device with a pinion for meshing in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine and method for operating such a device
FR2925615B1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2017-07-28 Renault Sas CONTROL METHOD FOR STARTER OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ITS APPLICATION
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EP2798197B1 (en) 2021-04-07
WO2013098172A1 (en) 2013-07-04
HUE055074T2 (en) 2021-10-28
DE102011090158A1 (en) 2013-07-04
CN104136763A (en) 2014-11-05
US20140350829A1 (en) 2014-11-27
US9494122B2 (en) 2016-11-15

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