EP2798197B1 - Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2798197B1
EP2798197B1 EP12812615.8A EP12812615A EP2798197B1 EP 2798197 B1 EP2798197 B1 EP 2798197B1 EP 12812615 A EP12812615 A EP 12812615A EP 2798197 B1 EP2798197 B1 EP 2798197B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
time
combustion engine
internal combustion
ring gear
pinion
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EP12812615.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2798197A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Cwik
Markus Roessle
Apostolos Tsakiris
Stefan Tumback
Ewald Mauritz
Juergen Gross
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SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
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SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
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Publication of EP2798197A1 publication Critical patent/EP2798197A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F02N11/0855—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear during engine shutdown or after engine stop before start command, e.g. pre-engagement of pinion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0844—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop with means for restarting the engine directly after an engine stop request, e.g. caused by change of driver mind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/022—Engine speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/047—Information about pinion position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/048—Information about pinion speed, both translational or rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/20—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/20—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method
    • F02N2300/2006—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method using prediction of future conditions

Definitions

  • Start-stop systems are known in which the internal combustion engine is switched on and off according to a specific strategy. Also known are start-stop systems based on pinion starters, which mesh a pinion in a starter ring gear of the internal combustion engine for starting.
  • a target point P is determined as a certain speed of an internal combustion engine at which a starting pinion is to mesh with a ring gear. This speed has the value zero and corresponds to a zero crossing.
  • a time period TP is determined which the speed of the internal combustion engine needs to reach this target point P.
  • a time period TA is determined which is required from the start of the movement of the pinion until the pinion starts meshing or is completely meshed with the ring gear.
  • a point in time tp2 is determined at which the movement of the pinion is started so that the pinion meshes with the ring gear in a zero crossing of the speed.
  • the method according to the invention for engaging a screwing pinion of a starting device in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine has the advantage that by moving the starting pinion in one process step during the shutdown of the internal combustion engine by means of a toe-in force in the direction of the ring gear until it touches it and then in a further process step the starting pinion is specifically brought about a meshing force in order to mesh the starting pinion into a tooth gap of the ring gear, a particularly gentle meshing of the starting pinion in the ring gear is possible. During meshing, a zero crossing should take place with regard to the speed of the drive shaft of the internal combustion engine.
  • a meshing of the starting pinion in such a situation is measured early on meshing after a definite standstill of the drive shaft and thus a quick restart of the internal combustion engine is possible. If the point in time or points in time at which the rotational speed is set to zero is determined by a precalculation, then the starting pinion can be advanced and applied or touching the starting pinion on the ring gear can be set immediately for the event at which the drive shaft is at zero speed. This means that an advance or application of the starting pinion is set to the corresponding event and does not take place, for example, two or three zero crossings beforehand.
  • This "punctual" application of the starting pinion has the advantage that any unwanted collisions between the teeth of the starting pinion and the teeth of the ring gear (ratchets) are reduced as much as possible and wear is minimized as a result. Accordingly, it is also advantageous that the generation of the toe-in force is calculated in advance.
  • the method step in which the starting pinion, which is not driven by the starter motor, is advanced by a toe-in actuator by means of a toe-in force in the direction of the ring gear takes place after the internal combustion engine has been switched off and before a first or second point in time at which the Drive shaft of the internal combustion engine reaches zero speed.
  • the process step in which the starting pinion, which is not driven by the starter motor, is advanced by a toe-in actuator by means of a toe-in force in the direction of the ring gear can only take place after the drive shaft has reached an angular acceleration of zero.
  • the method step takes place each time the internal combustion engine is switched off. This potentially creates the situation that there is a maximally rapid possibility of revving up the internal combustion engine.
  • the method step just mentioned takes place only when a control of the internal combustion engine receives a start signal, after which the internal combustion engine is brought back into automatic motor mode for driving a vehicle should.
  • FIGS 1a to 1c an internal combustion engine 10 is shown, which has a ring gear 13.
  • a starting device 16 which has a starter pinion 19, is located to the side of the internal combustion engine 10.
  • the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine 10 is driven by a drive shaft 22.
  • a starter motor 25 arranged in the starting device 16 drives the starting pinion 19.
  • Fig. 1a the situation is shown in which the internal combustion engine 10 has a still rotating drive shaft 22 which, as usual, has a variable speed n. Since the internal combustion engine has already been switched off and the drive shaft 22 is still rotating, it is in what is known as the outlet.
  • the speed n changes macroscopically, ie in the mean value the speed n decreases more or less rapidly towards zero. Several relative minima and maxima are usually formed in this case.
  • the starter pinion 19 is not engaged in the ring gear 13.
  • Method step S1 the switching off of the internal combustion engine 10, has already taken place.
  • FIG. 1b is shown how the starting pinion 19, which is not driven by the starter motor 25, is advanced by the toe-in actuator 28 by means of a toe-in force Fv in the direction of the ring gear 13 until it touches or rests against it.
  • a ring gear 13 is shown in detail. This has teeth 31 arranged on the circumference and a tooth gap 34 between each two teeth 31.
  • a starter pinion 19 with a tooth 37 is also shown in detail in the background there. This tooth 37 is to be pushed into the tooth gap 34.
  • a method for engaging a starting pinion 19 of a starting device 16 in a ring gear 13 of an internal combustion engine 10 is disclosed, the internal combustion engine 10 having a drive shaft 22 and the starting device 16 having a starter motor 25, the drive shaft 22 having a variable speed n and in one method step S1 the internal combustion engine 10 is switched off and, in a method step S2, the starting pinion 19, which is not driven in rotation by the starter motor 25, is thereby switched off by a toe-in actuator 28 is advanced by means of a toe-in force Fv in the direction of the ring gear 13 until it touches it or rests against it and then in a further process step S3 specifically effects a meshing force F E on the starting pinion 19 to move the starting pinion 19 into a tooth gap 34 of the ring gear 13 to track.
  • the center line shows an assumed circumferential speed V 13 of the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine 10. Above this line it is indicated that the circumferential speed V 19 of the starting pinion 19 is greater than the circumferential speed V 22 of the ring gear 22. Below this line it is indicated that the peripheral speed of the starting pinion 19 is lower than that of the ring gear 13. Both below and above the circumferential speed V 22 , a range, which is not specified here in more detail, can be seen above and below the line.
  • the line V 19V indicates the maximum circumferential speed of the starting pinion 19 at which the starting pinion 19 can still mesh with the ring gear 13.
  • the lower line V 19R shows the lower peripheral speed of the starting pinion 19, which also enables meshing with the ring gear 13. Speed ratios that are above or below these lines V 19V and V 19R, respectively, make meshing impossible. This leads to the well-known phenomenon of ratcheting (the teeth of the ring gear 13 and the teeth 37 of the starter pinion 19 sliding off one another).
  • Fig. 4 an outlet of the drive shaft 22 is shown.
  • the associated speed fluctuations run alternately with the formation of relative minima and maxima.
  • the drive shaft reaches as in Fig. 4 shown, after a few piston strokes - if it is a piston machine - a first zero crossing at D N1 , so that the drive shaft 22 stops for a moment and then reverses its direction of rotation, to finally achieve a negative maximum speed (equal to minimum speed n min) through, from then to slow down the amount specified in again in order to achieve a further zero crossing D N2 and again assume the original direction of rotation, following the zero crossing D N2.
  • the speed n 22 of the drive shaft then asymptotically approaches the value zero.
  • the method proceeds in such a way that when the internal combustion engine is switched off or shortly thereafter, the speed of the drive shaft 22 is observed and analyzed in order to determine the point in time of the first zero crossing D N1 . "Observing” and “analyzing” correspond to the determination of a prognosis of how the speed profile of drive shaft 22 will develop over time t. Starting from this point in time t D1 , the invention calculates back how much time is required for engaging (time t E ), how much time is required for application or for its duration (t A ) and how much time tv is required for engaging . This back-calculation gives a point in time t 1 from which the starter pinion or starting pinion is initiated.
  • the starting pinion 19 is advanced, applied to the ring gear 13 from the point in time t 2 for the time period t A and then meshed with the ring gear 13 during the time t E.
  • a differential angle of rotation between the pinion and the ring gear is swept over, which corresponds to at least one tooth spacing.
  • the geometry of the pinion and gear rim as well as the pinion dynamics ensure a sufficiently large speed window for the meshing process.
  • the speed gradients of internal combustion engine 10 and starter or starting device 16 must enable the required relative angle of rotation to be covered. To this end, it may be necessary to ensure that the starting device does not turn the starter pinion 19 yet.
  • the "apply" phase from time t2 can take place before the speed window is reached, a so-called “early application”. It must then be ensured that the speed window that enables meshing is achieved.
  • the dotted line indicates a possible increase in the speed of the drive shaft 22, which can occur after a successful start.
  • the representation in Fig. 5 deals with the temporal relationships around the second zero crossing DN2.
  • the point in time tD2 is initially forecast at which the zero crossing DN2 is expected.
  • the application time and the toe-in time are calculated back in accordance with the invention to determine the point in time t1 at which the starting pinion 19 is to be pre-tracked.
  • the starting pinion 19 is pre-tracked until it rests on the ring gear 13 at time t2 for the duration tA.
  • the engagement process of the starting pinion 19 into the ring gear 13 begins. For this engagement process, the same conditions apply as have already been specified for the first zero process.
  • the internal combustion engine can be engaged in the first zero crossing and starting at a second zero crossing in the oscillation phase of the internal combustion engine.
  • the starter pinion 19 can be applied to the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine starting from a certain period of time for the process before the first zero crossing is reached, provided that a certain time window is excluded from the control, cf. Fig. 6 .
  • Fig. 6 it is shown how the period results during which no activation of the toe-in actuator 28 is permitted. If one proceeds from the point in time of the predicted first zero crossing tD1 and calculates the duration of the application tA back, one obtains the beginning of the point in time from which activation of the toe-in actuator 28 is no longer permissible. The end of this period tNZ results from the permissible speed window around the zero crossing and here from the minimum permissible speed before the second zero crossing. Starting from this point in time tf, the time of the intended application of the starting pinion 19 is again to be subtracted. This then results in the time in which the toe-in actuator must not be activated in order to achieve reliable engagement.
  • the speed of the drive shaft 22 does not leave the speed window for reliable engagement even when swinging back, i.e. the lowest point of the speed curve is above the lower speed limit, it can even start with the engagement in the first zero crossing in the complete swing back phase the internal combustion engine are engaged.
  • the dotted line indicates a possible increase in the speed of the drive shaft 22, which can occur after a successful start.
  • the starting pinion 19 engages at a point in time t1 at which the drive shaft 22 of the internal combustion engine 10 has a speed n that is zero after the internal combustion engine 10 has been switched off. Accordingly, it is provided that the speed is set to zero a first time or a further time occurring thereafter. As mentioned for the two zero crossings, it is provided that a point in time tD1, tD2, at which the rotational speed n becomes equal to zero, is determined by a pre-calculation. It is accordingly also provided that the starting pinion 19 is advanced in the direction of the ring gear 13 by means of the toe-in force Fv after the pre-calculation.
  • Method step S3 takes place after the internal combustion engine 10 has been switched off and before a first or second point in time tD1, tD2 at which the drive shaft 22 of the internal combustion engine 10 reaches the speed n equal to zero.
  • method step S3 can also only take place after the drive shaft 22 has reached an angular acceleration of the amount zero.
  • the situation in which the drive shaft 22 has the angular acceleration of magnitude zero is the region in which the drive shaft 22 is stationary.
  • step S3 can only take place when a control of internal combustion engine 10 receives a start signal, according to which the internal combustion engine is to be brought back into automatic motor mode for driving a vehicle.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Es sind Start-Stopp-Systeme bekannt, bei denen die Brennkraftmaschine nach einer bestimmten Strategie aus- und eingeschaltet wird. Bekannt sind ebenfalls Start-Stopp-Systeme auf Basis von Ritzel-Startern, die zum Start ein Ritzel in einen Anlasserzahnkranz des Verbrennungsmotors einspuren.Start-stop systems are known in which the internal combustion engine is switched on and off according to a specific strategy. Also known are start-stop systems based on pinion starters, which mesh a pinion in a starter ring gear of the internal combustion engine for starting.

Bei bisherigen Start-Stopp-Systemen kann das Einspuren des Ritzels in den Zahnkranz und das Wiederstarten der Brennkraftmaschinen erst nach dem vollständigen Stillstand der Antriebs- bzw. Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgen. Dadurch ergeben sich in einem Stopp-Fall unter Umständen zeitliche Verzüge und Komfortnachteile. Diese sollen durch das Einspuren des Starters bzw. dessen Ritzels in den auslaufenden Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine vermieden oder verkürzt werden. Ein derartiger Ablauf wird in Fachkreisen auch als "Change of Mind" bezeichnet. Dieser Begriff gibt an, dass ein Bewußtseinswandel des Fahrers des Fahrzeugs zu einem neuen Fahrwunsch mit erforderlichem Neustart bzw. Wiederhochlaufen der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden ist.In previous start-stop systems, the pinion meshing with the ring gear and restarting the internal combustion engine can only take place after the drive shaft or crankshaft of the internal combustion engine has come to a complete standstill. This can result in delays in time and disadvantages in terms of comfort in the event of a stop. These should be avoided or shortened by engaging the starter or its pinion in the running out gear rim of the internal combustion engine. Such a process is also referred to in specialist circles as a "change of mind". This term indicates that a change in consciousness of the driver of the vehicle to a new driving request is associated with a necessary restart or restart of the internal combustion engine.

Verschiedene Strategien zur Bestromung des Startermotors und zum Einspuren des Starterritzels sind beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2008 040 830 A1 bekannt. Diese Strategien setzen jeweils ein Startsystem voraus, bei dem die Funktionen "Andrehen des Startermotors" und "Einspuren des Starterritzels" unabhängig voneinander ablaufen können. Aus der DE 10 2005 021 227 A1 ist ein Einspurvorgang bekannt ist, der ausschließlich nach einem gesicherten Stillstand der Antriebswelle der Brennkraftmaschine stattfindet. Ein Nulldurchgang findet nicht mehr statt. Das Einspuren findet somit verhältnismäßig spät statt.Various strategies for energizing the starter motor and engaging the starter pinion are, for example, from the DE 10 2008 040 830 A1 known. These strategies each require a starting system in which the functions "turning the starter motor" and "engaging the starter pinion" can run independently of one another. From the DE 10 2005 021 227 A1 a meshing process is known which takes place only after the drive shaft of the internal combustion engine has come to a safe standstill. There is no longer a zero crossing. The tracking thus takes place relatively late.

Nach der Beschreibung der EP 2 211 051 A1 wird ein Zielpunkt P als eine bestimmte Drehzahl einer Brennkraftmaschine bestimmt, bei welcher ein Andrehritzel mit einem Zahnkranz einspuren soll. Diese Drehzahl hat den Wert null und entspricht einem Nulldurchgang. Es wird eine Zeitdauer TP bestimmt, welche die Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine bis zu diesem Zielpunkt P benötigt. Ferner wird eine Zeitdauer TA bestimmt, welche vom Beginn der Bewegung des Ritzels an benötigt wird, bis das Ritzel mit dem Einspuren beginnt oder vollständig in den Zahnkranz eingespurt ist. Basierend auf den Zeitdauern TA und TP wird ein Zeitpunkt tp2 bestimmt, zu welchem mit der Bewegung des Ritzels begonnen wird, damit das Ritzel in einem Nulldurchgang der Drehzahl in den Zahnkranz einspurt.According to the description of the EP 2 211 051 A1 a target point P is determined as a certain speed of an internal combustion engine at which a starting pinion is to mesh with a ring gear. This speed has the value zero and corresponds to a zero crossing. A time period TP is determined which the speed of the internal combustion engine needs to reach this target point P. Furthermore, a time period TA is determined which is required from the start of the movement of the pinion until the pinion starts meshing or is completely meshed with the ring gear. Based on the time periods TA and TP, a point in time tp2 is determined at which the movement of the pinion is started so that the pinion meshes with the ring gear in a zero crossing of the speed.

Die hier nachfolgend beschriebenen Verfahren geben weitere Varianten der Strategie zum Andrehen des Startermotors und zum Einspuren des Starterritzels in den Anlasserzahnkranz an. Diese sind mit dem Ziel verbunden, die Vorteile der Funktion "Change of Mind" auch in der Auspendelphase des Verbrennungsmotors nach dem Abstellen nutzen zu können. Des Weiteren werden Entscheidungskriterien zum Ausführen einer geeigneten Strategie für das Einspuren des Starters in den auslaufenden Verbrennungsmotor angegeben, so, dass für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall primäre Ziele bestmöglich erfüllt werden. Zu diesen primären Zielen gehört beispielsweise die sogenannte Wiederstartdauer, Reduzierung von Schwingungen beim Starten mit dem Fahrzeug, Geräuschreduzierung sowie Erhöhung der Lebensdauer des Startsystems.The methods described below indicate further variants of the strategy for cranking the starter motor and for engaging the starter pinion in the starter ring gear. These are connected with the goal of being able to use the advantages of the "Change of Mind" function even in the oscillation phase of the combustion engine after it has been switched off. In addition, decision criteria for executing a suitable strategy for engaging the starter in the decelerating internal combustion engine are specified so that primary goals are met in the best possible way for the respective application. These primary goals include, for example, the so-called restart time, reducing vibrations when starting the vehicle, reducing noise and increasing the service life of the starting system.

Für die Auswahl der Einspurstrategie sind grundsätzlich zwei Aspekte zu berücksichtigen:

  • Einerseits eine Abstimmung zwischen Schwingungsreduktion beim Abstellen des Motors und Verbesserung der Lebensdauer bzw. Geräuschreduzierung beim Einspuren, d. h. es wird entweder bei jedem Auslauf eingespurt bzw. nur dann eingespurt, wenn eine Startanforderung (Brennkraftmaschine wieder in den Selbstlauf bringen) bereits im Auslauf vorliegt.
  • Andererseits ist zu berücksichtigen, dass zwischen der erforderlichen Funktionalität insbesondere bei separatem Andrehen des Starters eine Abstimmung zur Dauer des Wiederstarts bei Vorliegen einer Startanforderung im Auslauf vorgenommen wird. Zusätzlich können verschiedene Strategien entsprechend dem Zeitpunkt der Auslösung der Startanforderung im Auslauf des Verbrennungsmotors ausgewählt werden. So kann beispielsweise gewählt werden, ob das Einspuren bei noch positiven verschiedenen Drehzahlen des Verbrennungsmotors oder bereits beim Rückpendeln erfolgt. Hier erfolgt eine Festlegung des Zeitpunkts an Hand der Funktionalität des Startsystems.
When selecting the single-track strategy, basically two aspects have to be taken into account:
  • On the one hand, a coordination between vibration reduction when the engine is switched off and improvement of the service life or noise reduction when engaging, ie it is either engaged with each stop or only engaged when a start request (bring the internal combustion engine back into operation) is already in the run-down.
  • On the other hand, it must be taken into account that between the required functionality, especially when the starter is turned on separately, an agreement is made on the duration of the restart when there is a start request in the run-down. In addition, different strategies can be selected according to the point in time at which the start request is triggered when the internal combustion engine is running down. For example, you can choose whether the meshing takes place when the internal combustion engine is still at different speeds or when it starts to oscillate back. Here, the point in time is determined based on the functionality of the start system.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Verfahren zum Einspuren eines Eindrehritzels einer Startvorrichtung in einen Zahnkranz einer Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.According to the invention, a method for engaging a screw-in pinion of a starting device in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine with the features of independent claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous refinements are the subject matter of the subclaims and the description below.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Einspuren eines Eindrehritzels einer Startvorrichtung in einen Zahnkranz einer Brennkraftmaschine hat den Vorteil, dass durch das Verschieben des Andrehritzels in einem Verfahrensschritt während des Abschaltauslaufs der Brennkraftmaschine mittels einer Vorspurkraft in Richtung zum Zahnkranz bis es diesen berührt und danach in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt auf das Andrehritzel gezielt eine Einspurkraft bewirkt wird, um das Andrehritzel in eine Zahnlücke des Zahnkranzes einzuspuren, ein besonderes schonendes Einspuren des Andrehritzels in den Zahnkranz möglich ist. Während des Einspurens soll dabei bezüglich der Drehzahl der Antriebswelle der Brennkraftmaschine ein Nulldurchgang erfolgen.
Ein Einspuren des Andrehritzels in einer solchen Situation ist gemessen an einem Einspuren nach einem definitiven Stillstand der Antriebswelle früh und somit ist ein schneller Wiederstart der Brennkraftmaschine möglich. Wird der oder werden die Zeitpunkte, zu denen sich die Drehzahl Null einstellt, durch eine Vorausberechnung ermittelt, so kann das Vorschieben des Andrehritzels und das Anlegen bzw. Berühren des Andrehritzels am Zahnkranz dem Ereignis, zu dem die Antriebswelle die Drehzahl Null hat, unmittelbar eingestellt werden. Dies bedeutet, dass ein Vorschieben bzw. Anlegen des Andrehritzels auf das entsprechende Ereignis eingestellt ist und nicht beispielsweise bereits zwei oder drei NullDurchgänge zuvor stattfindet. Dieses "pünktliche" Anlegen des Andrehritzels hat den Vorteil, dass eventuelle ungewollte Kollisionen zwischen Zähnen des Andrehritzels und Zähnen des Zahnkranzes (Ratschen) möglichst verringert und dadurch Verschleiß minimiert wird. Dementsprechend ist es auch von Vorteil, dass das Erzeugen der Vorspurkraft vorberechnet wird.The method according to the invention for engaging a screwing pinion of a starting device in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine has the advantage that by moving the starting pinion in one process step during the shutdown of the internal combustion engine by means of a toe-in force in the direction of the ring gear until it touches it and then in a further process step the starting pinion is specifically brought about a meshing force in order to mesh the starting pinion into a tooth gap of the ring gear, a particularly gentle meshing of the starting pinion in the ring gear is possible. During meshing, a zero crossing should take place with regard to the speed of the drive shaft of the internal combustion engine.
A meshing of the starting pinion in such a situation is measured early on meshing after a definite standstill of the drive shaft and thus a quick restart of the internal combustion engine is possible. If the point in time or points in time at which the rotational speed is set to zero is determined by a precalculation, then the starting pinion can be advanced and applied or touching the starting pinion on the ring gear can be set immediately for the event at which the drive shaft is at zero speed. This means that an advance or application of the starting pinion is set to the corresponding event and does not take place, for example, two or three zero crossings beforehand. This "punctual" application of the starting pinion has the advantage that any unwanted collisions between the teeth of the starting pinion and the teeth of the ring gear (ratchets) are reduced as much as possible and wear is minimized as a result. Accordingly, it is also advantageous that the generation of the toe-in force is calculated in advance.

Gemäß einem weiteren Unteranspruch ist vorgesehen, dass der Verfahrensschritt, in dem das durch den Startermotor nicht angetriebene Andrehritzel durch einen Vorspuraktuator mittels einer Vorspurkraft in Richtung zum Zahnkranz vorgeschoben wird, nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine und vor einem ersten oder zweiten Zeitpunkt erfolgt, zu dem die Antriebswelle der Brennkraftmaschine die Drehzahl Null erreicht. Dies führt zu dem Vorteil, dass die Kontaktzeit zwischen Andrehritzel und Zahnkranz besonders kurz ist.According to a further dependent claim, it is provided that the method step in which the starting pinion, which is not driven by the starter motor, is advanced by a toe-in actuator by means of a toe-in force in the direction of the ring gear, takes place after the internal combustion engine has been switched off and before a first or second point in time at which the Drive shaft of the internal combustion engine reaches zero speed. This has the advantage that the contact time between the starter pinion and the ring gear is particularly short.

Gemäß einer nicht beanspruchten Möglichkeit kann der Verfahrensschritt, in dem das durch den Startermotor nicht angetriebene Andrehritzel durch einen Vorspuraktuator mittels einer Vorspurkraft in Richtung zum Zahnkranz vorgeschoben wird, erst nachdem die Antriebswelle eine Winkelbeschleunigung vom Betrag Null erreicht hat erfolgen.According to a possibility not claimed, the process step in which the starting pinion, which is not driven by the starter motor, is advanced by a toe-in actuator by means of a toe-in force in the direction of the ring gear, can only take place after the drive shaft has reached an angular acceleration of zero.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Verfahrensschritt, wonach auf das Andrehritzel gezielt eine Einspurkraft bewirkt wird, um das Andrehritzel in eine Verzahnlücke des Zahnkranzes einzuspuren, bei einem jeden Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt. Dadurch ist potentiell die Situation gegeben, dass eine maximal schnelle Möglichkeit zum Hochdrehen der Brennkraftmaschine gegeben ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the method step, according to which a meshing force is specifically applied to the starting pinion in order to mesh the starting pinion into a tooth gap of the ring gear, takes place each time the internal combustion engine is switched off. This potentially creates the situation that there is a maximally rapid possibility of revving up the internal combustion engine.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der eben erwähnte Verfahrensschritt nur dann erfolgt, wenn eine Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine ein Startsignal erhält, wonach die Brennkraftmaschine wieder in den motorischen Selbstlauf zum Antreiben eines Fahrzeugs gebracht werden soll. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass einerseits Energie eingespart wird, da die Fälle, in denen danach kein weiterer motorischer Selbstlauf erforderlich ist, nicht stattfinden und andererseits das Getriebe bzw. das Andrehritzel und der Zahnkranz an dieser Stelle geschont werden (weniger Verschleiß).According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the method step just mentioned takes place only when a control of the internal combustion engine receives a start signal, after which the internal combustion engine is brought back into automatic motor mode for driving a vehicle should. This has the advantage that, on the one hand, energy is saved, since the cases in which no further motorized self-running is required afterwards do not take place and, on the other hand, the gear or the starting pinion and the ring gear are spared at this point (less wear).

Beschreibungen der ZeichnungenDescriptions of the drawings

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden beispielhaft an Hand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1a bis Fig. 1c
eine schematische Darstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Startvorrichtung in drei verschiedenen Situationen,
Fig. 2
zeigt ausschnittsweise einen Zahnkranz mit einem davor angeordneten Andrehritzel,
Fig. 3
zeigt in vier Feldern mögliche Drehzahlsituationen zwischen Zahnkranz und Andrehritzel,
Fig. 4
zeigt in welchen Drehzahlbereichen der Antriebswelle mit nichtdrehen-dem Andrehritzel eingespurt werden kann,
Fig. 5
zeigt ein weiteres Drehzahldiagramm mit den zeitlichen Zusammenhän-gen bei einem zweiten Null-Durchgang,
Fig. 6
ein weiteres Drehzahldiagramm.
The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the figures. Show it
Figures 1a to 1c
a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with a starting device in three different situations,
Fig. 2
shows a detail of a ring gear with a starter pinion arranged in front of it,
Fig. 3
shows possible speed situations between the ring gear and the starting pinion in four fields,
Fig. 4
shows in which speed ranges the drive shaft can be meshed with a non-rotating starter pinion,
Fig. 5
shows another speed diagram with the temporal relationships at a second zero crossing,
Fig. 6
another speed diagram.

Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

In Fig. 1a bis Fig. 1c ist eine Brennkraftmaschine 10 dargestellt, die einen Zahnkranz 13 aufweist. Seitlich neben der Brennkraftmaschine 10 befindet sich eine Startvorrichtung 16, die ein Andrehritzel 19 aufweist. Der Zahnkranz 13 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 wird durch eine Antriebswelle 22 angetrieben. Ein in der Startvorrichtung 16 angeordneter Startermotor 25 treibt das Andrehritzel 19 an. Ein Vorspuraktuator 28, beispielsweise als Starterrelais (Hubmagnet mit elektrischer Schaltfunktion) oder nur Hubmagnet ausgeführt, ist dazu geeignet, das Andrehritzel 19 in Richtung zum Zahnkranz vorzuschieben und danach in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt in eine Zahnlücke des Zahnkranzes 13 einzuspuren.In Figures 1a to 1c an internal combustion engine 10 is shown, which has a ring gear 13. A starting device 16, which has a starter pinion 19, is located to the side of the internal combustion engine 10. The ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine 10 is driven by a drive shaft 22. A starter motor 25 arranged in the starting device 16 drives the starting pinion 19. A toe-in actuator 28, for example as a starter relay (lifting magnet with electrical Switching function) or only a lifting magnet, is suitable for pushing the starting pinion 19 in the direction of the ring gear and then engaging it in a tooth gap of the ring gear 13 in a further process step.

In Fig. 1a ist die Situation dargestellt, in der die Brennkraftmaschine 10 eine noch drehende Antriebswelle 22 aufweist, die wie üblich eine variable Drehzahl n aufweist. Da die Brennkraftmaschine bereits abgeschaltet ist, und sich die Antriebswelle 22 noch dreht, befindet sich diese im sogenannten Auslauf. Die Drehzahl n ändert sich makroskopisch, d. h. im Mittelwert sinkt die Drehzahl n mehr oder weniger schnell gegen Null. Dabei werden üblicherweise mehrere relative Minima und Maxima ausgebildet. Das Andrehritzel 19 ist nicht im Zahnkranz 13 eingespurt. Der Verfahrensschritt S1, das Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 ist bereits erfolgt.In Fig. 1a the situation is shown in which the internal combustion engine 10 has a still rotating drive shaft 22 which, as usual, has a variable speed n. Since the internal combustion engine has already been switched off and the drive shaft 22 is still rotating, it is in what is known as the outlet. The speed n changes macroscopically, ie in the mean value the speed n decreases more or less rapidly towards zero. Several relative minima and maxima are usually formed in this case. The starter pinion 19 is not engaged in the ring gear 13. Method step S1, the switching off of the internal combustion engine 10, has already taken place.

Gemäß Fig. 1b ist dargestellt, wie das durch den Startermotor 25 nicht angetriebene Andrehritzel 19 durch den Vorspuraktuator 28 mittels einer Vorspurkraft Fv in Richtung zum Zahnkranz 13 vorgeschoben wird, bis es diesen berührt bzw. an diesem anliegt.According to Figure 1b is shown how the starting pinion 19, which is not driven by the starter motor 25, is advanced by the toe-in actuator 28 by means of a toe-in force Fv in the direction of the ring gear 13 until it touches or rests against it.

Gemäß Fig. 1c ist dargestellt, wie gemäß dem weiteren Verfahrensschritt S3 auf das Andrehritzel 19 gezielt eine Einspurkraft FE bewirkt wird, um das Andrehritzel 19 in eine Zahnlücke des Zahnkranzes 13 einzuspuren.According to Figure 1c it is shown how, according to the further method step S3, a meshing force F E is brought about in a targeted manner on the starting pinion 19 in order to mesh the starting pinion 19 into a tooth gap of the ring gear 13.

In Fig. 2 ist ausschnittsweise ein Zahnkranz 13 dargestellt. Dieser weist am Umfang angeordnete Zähne 31 sowie zwischen je zwei Zähnen 31 eine Zahnlücke 34 auf. Dort im Hintergrund ist ausschnittsweise auch ein Andrehritzel 19 mit einem Zahn 37 dargestellt. Dieser Zahn 37 ist in die Zahnlücke 34 einzuschieben.In Fig. 2 a ring gear 13 is shown in detail. This has teeth 31 arranged on the circumference and a tooth gap 34 between each two teeth 31. A starter pinion 19 with a tooth 37 is also shown in detail in the background there. This tooth 37 is to be pushed into the tooth gap 34.

Demgemäß ist ein Verfahren zum Einspuren eines Andrehritzels 19 einer Startvorrichtung 16 in einen Zahnkranz 13 einer Brennkraftmaschine 10 offenbart, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine 10 eine Antriebswelle 22 und die Startvorrichtung 16 einen Startermotor 25 hat, wobei die Antriebswelle 22 eine variable Drehzahl n aufweist und in einem Verfahrensschritt S1 ein Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 erfolgt und dadurch in einem Verfahrensschritt S2 das durch den Startermotor 25 nicht drehangetriebene Andrehritzel 19 durch einen Vorspuraktuator 28 mittels einer Vorspurkraft Fv in Richtung zum Zahnkranz 13 vorgeschoben wird, bis es diesen berührt bzw. an diesem anliegt und danach in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt S3 auf das Andrehritzel 19 gezielt eine Einspurkraft FE bewirkt, um das Andrehritzel 19 in eine Zahnlücke 34 des Zahnkranzes 13 einzuspuren.Accordingly, a method for engaging a starting pinion 19 of a starting device 16 in a ring gear 13 of an internal combustion engine 10 is disclosed, the internal combustion engine 10 having a drive shaft 22 and the starting device 16 having a starter motor 25, the drive shaft 22 having a variable speed n and in one method step S1 the internal combustion engine 10 is switched off and, in a method step S2, the starting pinion 19, which is not driven in rotation by the starter motor 25, is thereby switched off by a toe-in actuator 28 is advanced by means of a toe-in force Fv in the direction of the ring gear 13 until it touches it or rests against it and then in a further process step S3 specifically effects a meshing force F E on the starting pinion 19 to move the starting pinion 19 into a tooth gap 34 of the ring gear 13 to track.

In der Fig. 3 sind verschiedene mögliche Drehzahlsituationen zwischen Zahnkranz 13 und Andrehritzel 19 dargestellt. Die Mittellinie zeigt eine angenommene Umfangsgeschwindigkeit V13 des Zahnkranzes 13 der Brennkraftmaschine 10. Oberhalb dieser Linie wird angezeigt, dass die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit V19 des Andrehritzels 19 größer als die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit V22 des Zahnkranzes 22 ist. Unterhalb dieser Linie wird angezeigt, dass die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Andrehritzels 19 kleiner als die des Zahnkranzes 13 ist. Sowohl unterhalb als auch oberhalb der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit V22 ist ein betragsmäßig hier nicht näher angegebener Bereich jeweils oberhalb und unterhalb der Linie erkennbar. Die Linie V19V gibt die maximale Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Andrehritzels 19 an, bei der noch ein Einspuren des Andrehritzels 19 in den Zahnkranz 13 möglich ist. Die untere Linie V19R zeigt die kleinere Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Andrehritzels 19, die ebenfalls noch ein Einspuren in den Zahnkranz 13 ermöglicht. Geschwindigkeitsverhältnisse, die oberhalb bzw. unterhalb dieser Linien V19V bzw. V19R liegen, machen ein Einspuren nicht möglich. Dies führt zu dem bekannten Phänomen des Ratschens (einander Abgleiten der Zähne des Zahnkranzes 13 und der Zähne 37 des Andrehritzels 19).In the Fig. 3 various possible speed situations between ring gear 13 and starter pinion 19 are shown. The center line shows an assumed circumferential speed V 13 of the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine 10. Above this line it is indicated that the circumferential speed V 19 of the starting pinion 19 is greater than the circumferential speed V 22 of the ring gear 22. Below this line it is indicated that the peripheral speed of the starting pinion 19 is lower than that of the ring gear 13. Both below and above the circumferential speed V 22 , a range, which is not specified here in more detail, can be seen above and below the line. The line V 19V indicates the maximum circumferential speed of the starting pinion 19 at which the starting pinion 19 can still mesh with the ring gear 13. The lower line V 19R shows the lower peripheral speed of the starting pinion 19, which also enables meshing with the ring gear 13. Speed ratios that are above or below these lines V 19V and V 19R, respectively, make meshing impossible. This leads to the well-known phenomenon of ratcheting (the teeth of the ring gear 13 and the teeth 37 of the starter pinion 19 sliding off one another).

In Fig. 4 ist ein Auslauf der Antriebswelle 22 dargestellt. Die damit einhergehenden Drehzahlschwankungen verlaufen alternierend unter Ausbildung von relativen Minima und Maxima. Üblicherweise erreicht die Antriebswelle wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, nach einigen Kolbenhüben - so es sich um eine Kolbenmaschine handelt - einen ersten Null-Durchgang bei DN1, so dass die Antriebswelle 22 einen Moment stehen bleibt und dann ihre Drehrichtung umdreht, um schließlich ein negatives Drehzahlmaximum (gleich Drehzahlminimun nmin) zu durchlaufen, ab dann dem Betrag nach wieder langsamer zu werden, um einen weiteren Null-Durchgang DN2 zu erreichen und wieder die ursprüngliche Drehrichtung einzunehmen, die dem Nulldurchgang DN2 folgt. Die Drehzahl n22 der Antriebswelle nähert sich dann asymptotisch dem Wert Null.In Fig. 4 an outlet of the drive shaft 22 is shown. The associated speed fluctuations run alternately with the formation of relative minima and maxima. Usually the drive shaft reaches as in Fig. 4 shown, after a few piston strokes - if it is a piston machine - a first zero crossing at D N1 , so that the drive shaft 22 stops for a moment and then reverses its direction of rotation, to finally achieve a negative maximum speed (equal to minimum speed n min) through, from then to slow down the amount specified in again in order to achieve a further zero crossing D N2 and again assume the original direction of rotation, following the zero crossing D N2. The speed n 22 of the drive shaft then asymptotically approaches the value zero.

Das Verfahren verläuft dabei derartig, dass mit dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine oder kurz danach die Drehzahl der Antriebswelle 22 beobachtet und analysiert wird, um den Zeitpunkt des ersten Null-Durchgangs DN1 zu ermitteln. Das "Beobachten" und "Analysieren" entspricht dabei der Ermittlung einer Prognose, wie sich der Drehzahlverlauf der Antriebswelle 22 über die Zeit t entwickelt. Ausgehend von diesem Zeitpunkt tD1 wird erfindungsgemäß zurückgerechnet, wie viel Zeit für das Einspuren benötigt wird (Zeit tE), wie viel Zeit für das Anlegen bzw. für dessen Andauer benötigt wird (tA) und wie viel Zeit tv zum Vorspuren erforderlich ist. Durch dieses Rückrechnen erhält man einen Zeitpunkt t1, von dem ausgehend das Vorschieben des Starterritzels bzw. Andrehritzels veranlasst wird. Ausgehend von diesem Zeitpunkt t1 wird das Andrehritzel 19 vorgeschoben, ab dem Zeitpunkt t2 an den Zahnkranz 13 während der Zeitdauer tA angelegt und danach während der Zeit tE in den Zahnkranz 13 eingespurt. Während des Anlegens wird ein Differenzdrehwinkel zwischen Ritzel und Zahnkranz überstrichen, der zumindest einem Zahnabstand entspricht. Dazu ist es notwendig, dass die Geometrie von Ritzel und Zahnkranz sowie die Ritzeldynamik (Ritzelmasse, erzeugte Vorschubkraft über den Einspuraktuator und eine Feder) ein ausreichend großes Drehzahlfenster für den Einspurvorgang sicherstellen. Des Weiteren müssen die Drehzahlgradienten von Brennkraftmaschine 10 und Starter bzw. Startvorrichtung 16 das Überstreichen des erforderlichen Relativdrehwinkels ermöglichen. Dazu ist ggf. sicherzustellen, dass die Startvorrichtung das Andrehritzel 19 noch nicht andreht.The method proceeds in such a way that when the internal combustion engine is switched off or shortly thereafter, the speed of the drive shaft 22 is observed and analyzed in order to determine the point in time of the first zero crossing D N1 . "Observing" and "analyzing" correspond to the determination of a prognosis of how the speed profile of drive shaft 22 will develop over time t. Starting from this point in time t D1 , the invention calculates back how much time is required for engaging (time t E ), how much time is required for application or for its duration (t A ) and how much time tv is required for engaging . This back-calculation gives a point in time t 1 from which the starter pinion or starting pinion is initiated. Starting from this point in time t 1 , the starting pinion 19 is advanced, applied to the ring gear 13 from the point in time t 2 for the time period t A and then meshed with the ring gear 13 during the time t E. During the application, a differential angle of rotation between the pinion and the ring gear is swept over, which corresponds to at least one tooth spacing. For this, it is necessary that the geometry of the pinion and gear rim as well as the pinion dynamics (pinion mass, generated feed force via the meshing actuator and a spring) ensure a sufficiently large speed window for the meshing process. Furthermore, the speed gradients of internal combustion engine 10 and starter or starting device 16 must enable the required relative angle of rotation to be covered. To this end, it may be necessary to ensure that the starting device does not turn the starter pinion 19 yet.

Die Phase "Anlegen" ab dem Zeitpunkt t2 kann bereits dann erfolgen, bevor das Drehzahlfenster erreicht ist, ein sogenanntes "Frühanlegen". Dabei muss dann sichergestellt sein, dass das Drehzahlfenster, welches ein Einspuren ermöglicht, erreicht wird. Die punktierte Linie zeigt einen möglichen Drehzahlanstieg der Antriebswelle 22 an, der nach erfolgreichem Start ablaufen kann.The "apply" phase from time t2 can take place before the speed window is reached, a so-called "early application". It must then be ensured that the speed window that enables meshing is achieved. The dotted line indicates a possible increase in the speed of the drive shaft 22, which can occur after a successful start.

Die Darstellung in Fig. 5 beschäftigt sich mit den zeitlichen Zusammenhängen rund um den zweiten Null-Durchgang DN2. Auch hier wird zunächst der Zeitpunkt tD2 prognostiziert, zu dem der Null-Durchgang DN2 erwartet wird. Von diesem Zeitpunkt wird wie bereits zum ersten Null-Vorgang ein Teil der Einspurdauer, die Anlegezeit und die Vorspurzeit zurückgerechnet, um erfindungsgemäß den Zeitpunkt t1 zu ermitteln, zu dem das Andrehritzel 19 vorgespurt werden soll. Von t1 ausgehend wird das Andrehritzel 19 vorgespurt, bis es zum Zeitpunkt t2 am Zahnkranz 13 anliegt für die Dauer tA. Ab t3 beginnt der Einspurvorgang des Andrehritzels 19 in den Zahnkranz 13. Für diesen Einspurvorgang gelten die gleichen Bedingungen wie sie bereits für den ersten Null-Vorgang angegeben sind.The representation in Fig. 5 deals with the temporal relationships around the second zero crossing DN2. Here, too, the point in time tD2 is initially forecast at which the zero crossing DN2 is expected. From this point in time, as was already the case for the first zero process, a part of the track-in duration, the application time and the toe-in time are calculated back in accordance with the invention to determine the point in time t1 at which the starting pinion 19 is to be pre-tracked. Starting from t1, the starting pinion 19 is pre-tracked until it rests on the ring gear 13 at time t2 for the duration tA. From t3, the engagement process of the starting pinion 19 into the ring gear 13 begins. For this engagement process, the same conditions apply as have already been specified for the first zero process.

Sofern die Bauart und die Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine sicherstellen, dass das Drehzahlfenster für ein zuverlässiges Einspuren nach der zweiten Drehzahlumkehr DN2 nicht mehr überschritten wird, kann im ersten Null-Durchgang und beginnend zu einem zweiten Null-Durchgang in der Rückpendelphase der Brennkraftmaschine eingespurt werden. Dies bedeutet, dass das Anlegen des Starterritzels 19 an den Zahnkranz 13 der Brennkraftmaschine beginnend ab einer bestimmten Zeitdauer für den Vorgang vor dem Erreichen des ersten Null-Durchgangs erfolgen kann, sofern ein bestimmtes Zeitfenster bei der Ansteuerung ausgenommen wird, vgl. Fig. 6.If the design and the control of the internal combustion engine ensure that the speed window for reliable meshing after the second speed reversal DN2 is no longer exceeded, the internal combustion engine can be engaged in the first zero crossing and starting at a second zero crossing in the oscillation phase of the internal combustion engine. This means that the starter pinion 19 can be applied to the ring gear 13 of the internal combustion engine starting from a certain period of time for the process before the first zero crossing is reached, provided that a certain time window is excluded from the control, cf. Fig. 6 .

In Fig. 6 ist dargestellt, wie sich der Zeitraum ergibt, zu dem keine Ansteuerung des Vorspuraktuators 28 zulässig ist. Geht man vom Zeitpunkt des prognostizierten ersten Null-Durchgangs tD1 aus und rechnet die Dauer des Anlegens tA zurück, erhält man den Beginn des Zeitpunkts ab dem ein Ansteuern des Vorspuraktuators 28 nicht mehr zulässig ist. Das Ende dieses Zeitraums tNZ ergibt sich durch das zulässige Drehzahlfenster rund um den Null-Durchgang und hier durch die minimal zulässige Drehzahl vor dem zweiten Null-Durchgang. Ausgehend von diesem Zeitpunkt tf, ist wiederum die Zeit des vorgesehenen Anlegens des Andrehritzels 19 abzuziehen. Daraus ergibt sich dann die Zeit, in der der Vorspuraktuator nicht angesteuert werden darf, um ein sicheres Einspuren zu erlangen.In Fig. 6 it is shown how the period results during which no activation of the toe-in actuator 28 is permitted. If one proceeds from the point in time of the predicted first zero crossing tD1 and calculates the duration of the application tA back, one obtains the beginning of the point in time from which activation of the toe-in actuator 28 is no longer permissible. The end of this period tNZ results from the permissible speed window around the zero crossing and here from the minimum permissible speed before the second zero crossing. Starting from this point in time tf, the time of the intended application of the starting pinion 19 is again to be subtracted. This then results in the time in which the toe-in actuator must not be activated in order to achieve reliable engagement.

Ist zusätzlich die Bedingung erfüllt, dass die Drehzahl der Antriebswelle 22 auch beim Rückpendeln das Drehzahlfenster für ein zuverlässiges Einspuren nicht verlässt, d. h. der Tiefpunkt der Drehzahlkurve ist oberhalb der unteren Drehzahlgrenze, kann sogar beginnend mit dem Einspuren im ersten Null-Durchgang in der kompletten Rückpendelphase der Brennkraftmaschine eingespurt werden.If the condition is also met that the speed of the drive shaft 22 does not leave the speed window for reliable engagement even when swinging back, i.e. the lowest point of the speed curve is above the lower speed limit, it can even start with the engagement in the first zero crossing in the complete swing back phase the internal combustion engine are engaged.

Die punktierte Linie zeigt einen möglichen Drehzahlanstieg der Antriebswelle 22 an, der nach erfolgreichem Start ablaufen kann.The dotted line indicates a possible increase in the speed of the drive shaft 22, which can occur after a successful start.

Gemäß den Beschreibungen zu den Figuren 4 und 5 ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass ein Einspuren des Andrehritzels 19 zu einem Zeitpunkt t1erfolgt, zu dem die Antriebswelle 22 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 eine Drehzahl n aufweist, die Null ist. Demgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass sich die Drehzahl gleich Null ein erstes Mal oder danach auftretendes weiteres Mal einstellt. Wie zu den beiden Null-Durchgängen erwähnt, ist vorgesehen, dass ein Zeitpunkt tD1, tD2, zu dem sich die Drehzahl n gleich Null einstellt, durch eine Vorausberechnung ermittelt wird. Es ist demnach auch vorgesehen, dass das Andrehritzel 19 nach der Vorausberechnung mittels der Vorspurkraft Fv in Richtung zum Zahnkranz 13 vorgeschoben wird. Der Verfahrensschritt S3 erfolgt nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 und vor einem ersten oder zweiten Zeitpunkt tD1, tD2, zu dem die Antriebswelle 22 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 die Drehzahl n gleich Null erreicht. Gemäß einer nicht beanspruchten Möglichkeit kann der Verfahrensschritt S3 auch erst erfolgen nachdem die Antriebswelle 22 eine Winkelbeschleunigung vom Betrag Null erreicht hat. Die Situation, bei der die Antriebswelle 22 die Winkelbeschleunigung vom Betrag Null hat, ist der Bereich, in dem die Antriebswelle 22 stillsteht. Gemäß einer Variante des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass der Verfahrensschritt S3, wonach das Andrehritzel 19 gezielt eine Einspurkraft FE erfährt, bei einem jeden Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine 10 erfolgt. Alternativ kann der Schritt S3 auch nur dann erfolgen, wenn eine Steuerung der Brennkraftmaschine 10 ein Startsignal erhält, wonach die Brennkraftmaschine wieder in den motorischen Selbstlauf zum Antreiben eines Fahrzeugs gebracht werden soll.According to the descriptions for the Figures 4 and 5 According to the invention, the starting pinion 19 engages at a point in time t1 at which the drive shaft 22 of the internal combustion engine 10 has a speed n that is zero after the internal combustion engine 10 has been switched off. Accordingly, it is provided that the speed is set to zero a first time or a further time occurring thereafter. As mentioned for the two zero crossings, it is provided that a point in time tD1, tD2, at which the rotational speed n becomes equal to zero, is determined by a pre-calculation. It is accordingly also provided that the starting pinion 19 is advanced in the direction of the ring gear 13 by means of the toe-in force Fv after the pre-calculation. Method step S3 takes place after the internal combustion engine 10 has been switched off and before a first or second point in time tD1, tD2 at which the drive shaft 22 of the internal combustion engine 10 reaches the speed n equal to zero. According to a possibility that is not claimed, method step S3 can also only take place after the drive shaft 22 has reached an angular acceleration of the amount zero. The situation in which the drive shaft 22 has the angular acceleration of magnitude zero is the region in which the drive shaft 22 is stationary. According to a variant of the method, it is provided that method step S3, according to which the starting pinion 19 specifically experiences an engagement force FE, takes place each time the internal combustion engine 10 is switched off. Alternatively, step S3 can only take place when a control of internal combustion engine 10 receives a start signal, according to which the internal combustion engine is to be brought back into automatic motor mode for driving a vehicle.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for engaging a starter pinion (19) of a starter device (16) in a ring gear (13) of an internal combustion engine (10), wherein the internal combustion engine (10) comprises a drive shaft (22) and the starter device (16) comprises a starter motor (25), wherein the drive shaft (22) has a variable rotational speed (n), and in a method step (S1) the internal combustion engine (10) is switched off and thereafter in a method step (S2) the starter pinion (19), which is not rotationally driven by the starter motor (25), is moved forward by a toe-in actuator (28) by means of a toe-in force (FV) in the direction of the gear rim (13) and thereafter in a further method step (S3) an engagement force (FE) is selectively applied to the starter pinion (19), in order to engage the starter pinion (19) in a tooth gap (34) of the ring gear (13) during a period of time (tE), characterized in that
    a point of time (tD1, tD2) of a zero crossing (DN1, DN2) of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine is determined and, on the basis of this point of time (tD1, tD2), the time (tE) needed for engaging, the time (tA) needed for laying on and the time (tV) needed for toe-in is calculated back to determine a point of time (t1),
    wherein, starting from this point of time (t1), the starter pinion (19) is moved forward by means of the toe-in force (FV) in the direction of the ring gear (13) until it contacts said ring gear (13), then, starting from a point of time (t2), is laid on to the ring gear (13) during a period of time (tA),
    wherein a differential angle of rotation between pinion and ring gear is swept during lay on, which corresponds to at least one tooth pitch,
    wherein the engagement of the starter pinion (19) takes place at the point of time (tD1, tD2) at which the drive shaft (22) of the internal combustion engine (10) has a rotational speed (n) which is zero after the internal combustion engine (10) has been switched off, and the zero crossing occurs at the rotational speed (n) of the drive shaft (22) during the period of time (tE) of the engagement.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotational speed (n) arrives at a first zero crossing (DN1) and thereafter at a second zero crossing (DN2) .
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that a point of time (tD1, tD2) at which the rotational speed (n) arrives at the first zero crossing (DN1) or at the second zero crossing (DN2) is determined by a precalculation.
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the starter pinion (19) is moved forward in the direction of the ring gear (13) by means of the toe-in force (FV) after the precalculation.
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method step (S2) is performed after switching off the internal combustion engine (10) and before a first or second point of time (tD1, tD2) at which the rotational speed (n) arrives at the first zero crossing (DN1) or the second zero crossing (DN2).
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method step (S3) is performed each time the internal combustion engine (10) is switched off.
  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method step (S3) is only performed when a controller of the internal combustion engine (10) receives a start signal, after which the internal combustion engine (10) is to be brought back into the motor automatic mode for driving a vehicle.
EP12812615.8A 2011-12-30 2012-12-20 Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine Active EP2798197B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011090158A DE102011090158A1 (en) 2011-12-30 2011-12-30 Method for engaging a starting pinion of a starting device in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2012/076266 WO2013098172A1 (en) 2011-12-30 2012-12-20 Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2798197A1 EP2798197A1 (en) 2014-11-05
EP2798197B1 true EP2798197B1 (en) 2021-04-07

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EP12812615.8A Active EP2798197B1 (en) 2011-12-30 2012-12-20 Method for meshing a starter pinion of a starting device into a ring gear of an internal combustion engine

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US (1) US9494122B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2798197B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104136763A (en)
DE (1) DE102011090158A1 (en)
HU (1) HUE055074T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2013098172A1 (en)

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DE102013226999B4 (en) 2013-12-20 2020-06-04 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Method for engaging an axially displaceable starter pinion of a starting device in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine
DE102015219505B4 (en) * 2015-10-08 2019-03-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Pinion starter gearbox with corrected gear geometry
GB2580096B (en) * 2018-12-21 2021-10-27 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Controller and method for operating starter motor

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FR2925615B1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2017-07-28 Renault Sas CONTROL METHOD FOR STARTER OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ITS APPLICATION
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Publication number Publication date
WO2013098172A1 (en) 2013-07-04
DE102011090158A1 (en) 2013-07-04
US20140350829A1 (en) 2014-11-27
US9494122B2 (en) 2016-11-15
EP2798197A1 (en) 2014-11-05
CN104136763A (en) 2014-11-05
HUE055074T2 (en) 2021-10-28

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