EP2794834B1 - Wasch- und reinigungsmittel mit verbesserter leistung - Google Patents

Wasch- und reinigungsmittel mit verbesserter leistung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2794834B1
EP2794834B1 EP12798726.1A EP12798726A EP2794834B1 EP 2794834 B1 EP2794834 B1 EP 2794834B1 EP 12798726 A EP12798726 A EP 12798726A EP 2794834 B1 EP2794834 B1 EP 2794834B1
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Prior art keywords
acid
chain
carbon atoms
stains
red
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2794834A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Kropf
Mareile Job
Christian Umbreit
Siglinde Erpenbach
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
    • C11D3/3955—Organic bleaching agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0084—Antioxidants; Free-radical scavengers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of Oligohydroxybenzoeklarederivaten in detergents and cleaners to improve the washing or cleaning performance.
  • the polymerizable substances are, above all, polyphenolic dyes, preferably flavonoids, in particular from the class of anthocyanidins or anthocyanins.
  • the stains may have been caused in particular by food products or beverages containing corresponding dyes.
  • the stains can be, in particular, stains of fruits or vegetables or even red wine stains, which in particular contain polyphenolic dyes, especially those from the class of anthocyanidins or anthocyanins.
  • Gallic acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and their use as inhibitors of plasminogen activator 1 are known from the international patent application WO 2008/131047 A2 known.
  • a first subject of the present invention is therefore the use of compounds of general formula (I), in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently of one another are H or OH, with the proviso that at least 2 of these radicals are OH, X is O or NR, n is a number from 2 to 20, preferably Z is from 2 to 6, and Z is a cyclic or acyclic straight or branched chain N-linked hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to 100, preferably from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, the backbone of which is interrupted by one or more nonadjacent O or N atoms can and / or with hydrophilic groups such as NRR ', COOR, CONRR' and / or OR may be mono- or polysubstituted, R and R 'independently of one another for H or a cyclic or acyclic, straight-chain or branched-chain, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in detergents or cleaners to
  • the bleachable stains usually contain polymerizable substances, in particular polymerizable dyes, wherein the polymerizable dyes are preferably polyphenolic dyes, in particular flavonoids, especially anthocyanidins or anthocyanins or oligomers of these compounds.
  • polymerizable dyes are preferably polyphenolic dyes, in particular flavonoids, especially anthocyanidins or anthocyanins or oligomers of these compounds.
  • stains in intermediate colors in particular violet, purple, brown, purple or pink
  • stains which are green, yellow, red and violet
  • the colors mentioned can also be light or dark in each case.
  • stains in particular stains of grass, fruits or vegetables, in particular soiling by food products, such as spices, sauces, chutneys, curries, purees and jams, or drinks, such as coffee, tea, wines and Juices containing the corresponding green, yellow, red, purple, purple, brown, purple, pink and / or blue dyes.
  • the stains to be removed according to the invention can be caused in particular by cherry, morelle, grape, apple, pomegranate, aronia, plum, sea buckthorn, acai, kiwi, mango, grass, or berries, especially by red or black currants, elderberries, blackberries, raspberries , Blueberries, cranberries, cranberries, strawberries or blueberries, with coffee, tea, red cabbage, blood orange, eggplant, tomato, carrot, beetroot, spinach, paprika, red meat or potato, or red onion.
  • the general formula (I) is an ester or an amide of an at least 2 hydroxy groups or at least 2 amino groups or at least one hydroxyl group and at least 1 amino group-bearing alcohol, amine or aminoalcohol (HX) n Z.
  • the alcohol is a polyalkylene glycol and the amine is a polyalkyleneimine;
  • Their O or N atoms are preferably separated from one another by alkylene groups having 2 to 12 C atoms, in particular 2 to 6 C atoms, wherein not all alkylene groups must have the same C atom number.
  • Particularly preferred are ethylene groups, 1,2-propylene groups, 1,3-propylene groups, and mixtures thereof.
  • the polyalkylene glycol has alcohol functions at the ends and the polyamine has primary amino functions at the ends and preferably both secondary and tertiary amino functions inside.
  • the compound (HX) n Z preferably has an average molar mass in the range from 60 g / mol to 4000 g / mol, in particular from 60 g / mol to 1000 g / mol.
  • the average molar masses indicated here and later, if appropriate, for other oligomers or polymers are weight-average molar masses M w , which can in principle be determined by means of gel permeation chromatography with the aid of an RI detector, the measurement being expediently carried out against an external standard.
  • the use according to the invention of the compound of the general formula (I) is preferably carried out in detergents or cleaners by adding them in an amount of 0.001% by weight to 5% by weight, in particular in an amount of 0.1% by weight.
  • % to 4 wt .-% is used, wherein here and below, the statements of "wt .-%" in each case based on the weight of the entire detergent or cleaning agent.
  • Another object of the invention is therefore a washing or cleaning agent containing 0.001 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 wt .-% to 4 wt .-% compound of the general formula (I), in which case X is only O and the preferred embodiments described above or below also apply to this subject of the invention.
  • the washing or cleaning agent may be present in any of the prior art and / or any convenient dosage form. These include, for example, solid, powdery, liquid, gelatinous or pasty dosage forms, optionally also consisting of several phases; further include, for example: extrudates, granules, tablets or pouches, packed both in large containers and in portions.
  • the use according to the invention in this case takes place in a preferred embodiment in a washing and cleaning agent which contains no bleaching agents.
  • the agent does not contain any bleaching agents in the narrower sense, ie hypochlorites, hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide-yielding substances; preferably, it also has no bleach activators and / or bleach catalysts.
  • the detergent is in a particularly preferred embodiment, a liquid laundry detergent.
  • the detergent is a powdered or liquid color detergent, ie a textile detergent for colored textiles.
  • the detergents and cleaning agents may moreover comprise customary other constituents of detergents or cleaners, in particular laundry detergents, in particular selected from the group of builders, surfactants, polymers, enzymes, disintegration aids, fragrances and perfume carriers.
  • the builders include in particular the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - if there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also the phosphates.
  • the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or zeolite P.
  • Zeolite P is, for example, zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield). Also suitable, however, are zeolite X and mixtures of zeolite A, X and / or P.
  • zeolite X and zeolite A are cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), by the formula n Na 2 O • (1-n) K 2 O • Al 2 O 3 • (2 - 2.5) SiO 2 • (3.5-5.5) H 2 O can be described.
  • the zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granular compound, as well as for a kind of "powdering" of a granular mixture, preferably a mixture to be compressed, usually both ways for incorporating the zeolite are used in the premix.
  • Zeolites may have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution, Coulter Counter method) and preferably contain from 18% to 22% by weight, in particular from 20% to 22% by weight, of bound water.
  • crystalline layer-form silicates of the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O in which M represents sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22, preferably from 1.9 to 4, Particularly preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33, preferably from 0 to 20.
  • the crystalline layer-form silicates of the formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O are sold, for example, by the company Clariant GmbH (Germany) under the trade name Na-SKS.
  • silicates Na-SKS-1 (Na 2 Si 22 O 45 .xH 2 O, Kenyaite), Na-SKS-2 (Na 2 Si 14 O 29 .xH 2 O, magadiite), Na-SKS -3 (Na 2 Si 8 O 17 .xH 2 O) or Na-SKS-4 (Na 2 Si 4 O 9 .xH 2 O, Makatite).
  • crystalline phyllosilicates of the formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O, in which x is 2.
  • x is 2.
  • both .beta.- and ⁇ -sodium Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ⁇ y H 2 O and further in particular Na-SKS-5 ( ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5), Na-SKS-7 (.beta.-Na 2 Si 2 O 5, natrosilite), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi 2 O 5 ⁇ H 2 O), Na-SKS-10 (NaHSi 2 O 5 ⁇ 3 H 2 O, kanemite), Na-SKS-11 ( t-Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ) and Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi 2 O 5 ), but especially Na-SKS-6 ( ⁇ -Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ).
  • Washing or cleaning agents preferably contain a weight fraction of the crystalline layered silicate of the formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 ⁇ y H 2 O of from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2% by weight 15 wt .-% and in particular from 0.4 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%.
  • amorphous sodium silicates with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which preferably delayed release and have secondary washing properties.
  • the dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying.
  • amorphous is understood to mean that the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections in X-ray diffraction experiments, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered ones X-rays, which have a width of several degrees of the diffraction angle, cause.
  • X-ray-amorphous silicates whose silicate particles produce blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of the size of ten to a few hundred nm, with values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
  • Such X-ray amorphous silicates also have a dissolution delay compared to the conventional water glasses. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.
  • silicate (s) preferably alkali metal silicates, particularly preferably crystalline or amorphous alkali metal disilicates, if present, are present in detergents or cleaners in amounts of from 3% by weight to 60% by weight, preferably 8% by weight. % to 50 wt .-% and in particular from 20 wt .-% to 40 wt .-%.
  • the alkali metal phosphates with a particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), have the greatest importance in the washing and cleaning agent industry.
  • Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO 3 ) n and orthophosphoric H 3 PO 4 in addition to higher molecular weight representatives.
  • the phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to the cleaning performance.
  • Technically particularly important phosphates are the pentasodium triphosphate, Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium tripolyphosphate) and the corresponding potassium salt pentapotassium triphosphate, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • preferred agents comprise these phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), particularly preferably pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), in amounts of 5% by weight. % to 80 wt%, preferably from 15 wt% to 75 wt%, and more preferably from 20 wt% to 70 wt%.
  • alkali carriers are, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the alkali silicates mentioned, alkali metal silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned substances, preference being given to using the alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate.
  • Particularly preferred may be a builder system containing a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate.
  • the alkali metal hydroxides are usually only in small amounts, preferably in amounts below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 6 wt .-%, more preferably below 4 Wt .-% and in particular below 2 wt .-%, used.
  • Particularly preferred are agents which, based on their total weight, contain less than 0.5% by weight and in particular no alkali metal hydroxides.
  • Particularly suitable organic builders are polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins and also phosphonates.
  • Useful are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of the free acid and / or their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
  • NTA nitrilotriacetic acid
  • the free acids also typically have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners.
  • an acidifying component In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.
  • Further suitable builders are polymeric polycarboxylates, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a relative molecular mass of from 500 g / mol to 70000 g / mol.
  • Particularly suitable are polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of from 2000 g / mol to 20 000 g / mol.
  • the short-chain polyacrylates which have molecular weights of from 2000 g / mol to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
  • copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
  • copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50% by weight to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50% by weight to 10% by weight of maleic acid.
  • the relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 g / mol to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20 000 g / mol to 50 000 g / mol and in particular from 30 000 g / mol to 40 000 g / mol.
  • the polymers may also contain allylsulfonic acids such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.
  • the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used as a solid or in aqueous solution.
  • the content of detergents or cleaning agents in (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably from 0.5% by weight to 20% by weight and in particular from 3% by weight to 10% by weight.
  • biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units for example those which contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives .
  • Further preferred copolymers are those which have as their monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.
  • polyaspartic acids and / or their salts are particularly preferred.
  • phosphonates are the salts of, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonic acids.
  • hydroxyalkanephosphonic acids 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) is of particular importance. It is used in particular as the sodium salt, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline.
  • Particularly suitable aminoalkanephosphonic acids are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP) and their higher homologs.
  • the neutral-reacting sodium salts for example as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP.
  • Mixtures of the mentioned phosphonates can also be used as organic builders.
  • the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity.
  • polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
  • Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
  • dextrins for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
  • the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes.
  • it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 g / mol to 500000 g / mol.
  • a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 is preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 , is.
  • DE dextrose equivalent
  • oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
  • Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates are other suitable co-builders.
  • ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
  • glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context.
  • suitable amounts are in particular in zeolite-containing and / or silicate-containing formulations at 3 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%.
  • organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
  • Detergents and cleaners may contain nonionic, anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.
  • nonionic surfactants it is possible to use all nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Detergents or cleaning agents with particular preference contain nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols.
  • nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol used in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
  • the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
  • the stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • nonionic surfactants it is also possible to use fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially methyl-branched in the 2-position aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
  • the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
  • nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be used.
  • the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
  • polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula wherein R is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
  • the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C 1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.
  • [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
  • nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols, more preferably from the group of mixed alkoxylated alcohols and in particular from the group of EO / AO / EO-nonionic surfactants, or the PO / AO / PO nonionic surfactants, especially the PO / EO / PO nonionic surfactants are particularly preferred.
  • Such PO / EO / PO nonionic surfactants are characterized by good foam control.
  • anionic surfactants for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used.
  • the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as are obtained, for example, from C 12-18 -monoolefins having terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration.
  • alkanesulfonates prepared from C 12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization can be obtained.
  • esters of ⁇ -sulfo fatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids are suitable.
  • sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as obtained in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
  • Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
  • Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
  • C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred.
  • 2,3-alkyl sulfates which can be obtained as commercial products of Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ® , are suitable anionic surfactants.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1% by weight to 5% by weight.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
  • Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which by themselves are nonionic surfactants.
  • Sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred.
  • alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
  • anionic surfactants are particularly soaps into consideration.
  • Suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular of natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
  • the anionic surfactants including the soaps may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • the anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
  • Textile softening compounds can be used to care for the textiles and to improve the textile properties such as a softer "touch” (avivage) and reduced electrostatic charge (increased wearing comfort).
  • the active ingredients of these formulations are quaternary ammonium compounds having two hydrophobic groups, such as the Disteraryldimethylammoniumchlorid, but which is increasingly replaced because of its insufficient biodegradability by quaternary ammonium compounds containing ester groups in their hydrophobic residues as predetermined breaking points for biodegradation.
  • esters with improved biodegradability are obtainable, for example, by esterifying mixtures of methyldiethanolamine and / or triethanolamine with fatty acids and then quaternizing the reaction products in a manner known per se with alkylating agents. Further suitable as a finish is dimethylolethyleneurea.
  • Enzymes can be used to increase the performance of detergents or cleaners. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases, perhydrolases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaners, which are preferably used accordingly.
  • Detergents or cleaning agents contain enzymes preferably in total amounts of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method or the biuret method.
  • subtilisin type those of the subtilisin type are preferable.
  • these are the subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg and their further developed forms, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase which can no longer be assigned to the subtilisins in the narrower sense, Proteinase K and the proteases TW3 and TW7.
  • amylases examples include the ⁇ -amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from B. amyloliquefaciens, from B. stearothermophilus, from Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae and improved for use in detergents and cleaners further developments of the aforementioned amylases. Furthermore, for this purpose, the ⁇ -amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from B. agaradherens (DSM 9948).
  • DSM 12368 Bacillus sp. A 7-7
  • CTTase cyclodextrin glucanotransferase
  • lipases or cutinases because of their triglyceride-splitting activity. These include, for example, the lipases originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa (Thermomyces lanuginosus) or further developed therefrom, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L. Furthermore, for example, the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humicola insolens. It is also possible to use lipases and / or cutinases whose initial enzymes were originally isolated from Pseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solanii.
  • oxidoreductases for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo, chloro, bromo, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) can be used to increase the bleaching effect.
  • organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds which interact with the enzymes in order to enhance the activity of the relevant oxidoreductases (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) at greatly varying redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soils.
  • the enzymes can be used in any form known in the art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, especially in the case of liquid or gel-form detergents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, sparing in water and / or added with stabilizers.
  • the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer.
  • capsules are prepared by methods known per se, For example, by shaking or rolling granulation or applied in fluid-bed processes.
  • Such granules for example by applying polymeric film-forming agent, low in dust and storage stable due to the coating.
  • enzymes and / or enzyme preparations preferably protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2% by weight to 4 , 5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.4 wt .-% to 4 wt .-%, used.
  • perfume oils or fragrances individual perfume compounds, for example synthetic products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used. Preferably, however, mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together produce an attractive fragrance.
  • perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as those available from vegetable sources, such as pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil.
  • a fragrance In order to be perceptible, a fragrance must be volatile, whereby besides the nature of the functional groups and the structure of the chemical compound, the molecular weight also plays an important role.
  • fragrances have molecular weights up to about 200 g / mol, while molar masses of 300 g / mol and above are more of an exception.
  • the smell of a perfume or fragrance composed of several fragrances changes during evaporation, whereby the odor impressions in "top note”, “middle note” or “body note” ) and “base note” (end note or dry out). Since odor perception is also largely based on the odor intensity, the top note of a perfume or fragrance does not consist solely of volatile compounds, while the base note consists for the most part of less volatile, ie adherent fragrances.
  • fragrances can be bound to certain fixatives, preventing them from evaporating too quickly.
  • fixatives In the subsequent classification of the fragrances in "more volatile” or “adherent” fragrances nothing is said about the olfactory impression and whether the corresponding fragrance is perceived as a head or middle note.
  • the fragrances can be processed directly, but it can It may also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers, which provide a long-lasting fragrance through a slower release of fragrance.
  • carrier materials for example, cyclodextrins have been proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can be additionally coated with other excipients.
  • the colorants can have a high storage stability and insensitivity to light as well as not too high an affinity for textile surfaces and, in particular, for synthetic fibers.
  • colorants may have different stabilities to oxidation.
  • water-insoluble colorants are more stable to oxidation than water-soluble colorants.
  • concentration of the colorant in the detergents or cleaners varies. In the case of readily water-soluble colorants, colorant concentrations in the range of a few 10 -2 % by weight to 10 -3 % by weight are typically selected.
  • the suitable concentration of the colorant in detergents or cleaners is typically from about 10 -3 % by weight to 10 -4 % by weight.
  • Dyeing agents which can be oxidatively destroyed in the washing process and mixtures thereof with suitable blue dyes, so-called blue toners are preferred. It has proven to be advantageous to use colorants which are soluble in water or at room temperature in liquid organic substances. Suitable examples are anionic colorants, for example anionic nitrosofarbstoffe.
  • the detergents or cleaning agents may contain further ingredients which further improve the performance and / or aesthetic properties of these agents.
  • Preferred agents contain one or more of the group of electrolytes, pH adjusters, fluorescers, hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, antistatic agents, ironing aids , Phobic and impregnating agents, swelling and anti-slip agents and UV absorbers.
  • electrolytes from the group of inorganic salts a wide number of different salts can be used.
  • Preferred cations are the alkali and alkaline earth metals, preferred anions are the halides and sulfates. From a manufacturing point of view, the use of NaCl or MgCl 2 in the washing or cleaning agents is preferred.
  • pH adjusters In order to bring the pH of detergents or cleaners into the desired range, the use of pH adjusters may be indicated. Can be used here are all known acids or alkalis, unless their use is not for technical application or environmental reasons or for reasons of consumer protection prohibited. Usually, the amount of these adjusting agents does not exceed 1% by weight of the total formulation.
  • Suitable carrier materials are, for example, inorganic salts such as carbonates or sulfates, cellulose derivatives or silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned materials.
  • preferred agents include paraffins, preferably unbranched paraffins (n-paraffins) and / or silicones, preferably linear-polymeric silicones, which are constructed according to the scheme (R 2 SiO) x and are also referred to as silicone oils.
  • silicone oils usually are clear, colorless, neutral, odorless, hydrophobic liquids having a molecular weight between 1000 g / mol and 150000 g / mol and viscosities between 10 mPa.s and 1000000 mPa.s.
  • Suitable anti-redeposition agents are, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose with a proportion of methoxy groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic cellulose ether.
  • soil repellents are known from the prior art polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalate and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalate or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives of these. Especially preferred of these are the sulfonated derivatives of the phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.
  • Optical brighteners may in particular be added to the detergents in order to eliminate graying and yellowing of the treated textiles. These fabrics impinge on the fiber and cause whitening and bleaching by transforming invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer wavelength light, emitting the ultraviolet light absorbed from the sunlight as faint bluish fluorescence, and pure with the yellowness of the grayed or yellowed wash White results.
  • Suitable compounds are derived, for example, from the substance classes of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole , Benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems as well as heterocyclic substituted pyrene derivatives.
  • fluoronic acids 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids
  • 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole , Benzisoxazole and benzimid
  • Grayness inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being rebuilt.
  • Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this purpose, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether sulfonic acids or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
  • Water-soluble, acidic group-containing polyamides are suitable for this purpose.
  • soluble starch preparations can be used, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also useful.
  • graying inhibitors are cellulose ethers such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof.
  • cellulose ethers such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof.
  • synthetic anti-crease agents can be used. These include, for example, synthetic products based on fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, alkylol esters, -alkylolamides or fatty alcohols, which are usually reacted with ethylene oxide, or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid ester.
  • Phobic and impregnation processes are used to furnish textiles with substances that prevent the deposition of dirt or facilitate its leaching ability.
  • Preferred repellents and impregnating agents are perfluorinated fatty acids, also in the form of their aluminum u. Zirconium salts, organic silicates, silicones, polyacrylic acid esters with perfluorinated alcohol component or polymerizable compounds coupled with perfluorinated acyl or sulfonyl radical.
  • Antistatic agents may also be included. The antisoiling equipment with repellents and impregnating agents is often classified as an easy-care finish.
  • a further field of application of repellents and impregnating agents is the water-repellent finishing of textiles, tents, tarpaulins, leather, etc., in which, in contrast to waterproofing, the fabric pores are not closed, so the fabric remains breathable (hydrophobing).
  • the water repellents used for hydrophobizing coat textiles, leather, paper, wood, etc. with a very thin layer of hydrophobic groups, such as longer alkyl chains or siloxane groups. Suitable water repellents are, for example, paraffins, waxes, metal soaps, etc.
  • hydrophobized materials do not feel greasy; nevertheless, similar to greasy substances, water droplets emit from them without moistening.
  • silicone-impregnated textiles have a soft feel and are water- and water-repellent stain-resistant; Stains from ink, wine, fruit juices and the like are easier to remove.
  • Antimicrobial agents can be used to combat microorganisms. Depending on the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action, a distinction is made between bacteriostatic agents and bactericides, fungistatics and fungicides, etc. Substances from these groups are, for example, benzalkonium chlorides, alkylarylsulfonates, halophenols and phenolmercuric acetate, although it is entirely possible to do without these compounds.
  • compositions may contain antioxidants.
  • This class of compounds includes, for example, substituted phenols, hydroquinones, catechols and aromatic amines, as well as organic sulfides, polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, phosphites and phosphonates.
  • Antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus allow an improved drainage of formed charges.
  • External antistatic agents are generally substances with at least one hydrophilic molecule ligand and give a more or less hygroscopic film on the surfaces. These mostly surface-active antistatic agents can be subdivided into nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus-containing (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatic agents.
  • Lauryl (or stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides are also suitable as antistatic agents for textiles or as an additive to detergents, wherein additionally a softening effect is achieved.
  • silicone derivatives can be used in laundry detergents. These additionally improve the rinsing out of detergents or cleaning agents by their foam-inhibiting properties.
  • Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five carbon atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated.
  • Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds.
  • Further preferred silicones are the polyalkylene oxide-modified polysiloxanes, ie polysiloxanes which comprise, for example, polyethylene glycols, and the polyalkylene oxide-modified dimethylpolysiloxanes.
  • UV absorbers which are applied to the treated textiles and improve the light resistance of the fibers.
  • Compounds having these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivating compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. Also suitable are substituted benzotriazoles, phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) in the 3-position, optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid.
  • Protein hydrolyzates are due to their fiber-care effect other suitable active substances. Protein hydrolysates are product mixtures obtained by acid, alkaline or enzymatically catalyzed degradation of proteins (proteins). Protein hydrolysates of both vegetable and animal origin can be used. Animal protein hydrolysates are, for example, elastin, collagen, keratin, silk and milk protein protein hydrolysates, which may also be present in the form of salts. Preference is given to the use of protein hydrolysates of plant origin, for example soybean, almond, rice, pea, potato and wheat protein hydrolysates.
  • protein hydrolyzates are preferred as such, other amino acid mixtures or individual amino acids obtained otherwise, such as, for example, arginine, lysine, histidine or pyroglutamic acid, may also be used in their place. Also possible is the use of derivatives of protein hydrolysates, for example in the form of their fatty acid condensation products.
  • wash tests were carried out at 40 ° C. as a triple determination on standardized stains on cotton given in Table 1, a bleach-free liquid detergent (containing 7.5% by weight 7-ethoxylated C 12/14 fatty alcohol, 7.5% by weight) being used.
  • the dY values when using the substance essential to the invention were significantly greater than those which result when using only the liquid detergent or the comparison substance, which corresponds to a higher degree of whiteness and thus improved stain removal.

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