Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
  • C10L1/1225—Inorganic compounds halogen containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
  • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
  • C10L1/1291—Silicon and boron containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

• This instant patent application relates to the field of bio-combustibles chemistry and provides a bio-combustible or an additive produced from any type of biological viscous and/or oil raw material including natural oil from marine seaweed that, in accordance with this instant process, may be incorporated into any other combustibles from a biological, fossil or mineral source both in the form of an additive or in the form o a pure bio-combustible .
• One of the advantages provided by this invention is that the obtained product is water free, therefore it does not become degenerated when stored and does not attack any components in the motor besides being hydrofugant and having a high octane rating.
• the product may be considered as a universal bio- combustible since it may be miscible with other combustibles as ethanol, gasoline, diesel oil or a mixture of all.
• Petroleum was discovered in the year 1859 at Pensylvannia, United States, and at that time it was mainly used for production of kerosene used for lightning; later on in the year 1895 Rudolf Diesel began a few searches in order to evaluate the use of petroleum by-products as a combustible for his new invention, that is, the compression diesel engine.
• the year 1900 he used oil made from peanut to demonstrate his new invention. He used to say that the diesel engine could be run with vegetable oil and that such application would considerably contribute to develop agriculture in those countries employing vegetable oil in such application.
• Bio-combustible is a liquid or gaseous combustible produced either from vegetable and animal biomass or from forestry and related industries and from biodegradable fractions of industrial and urban residues.
• bio-combustibles bio-diesel, bio- gas and ethanol, an alcohol made from sugar-cane, are also classified as bio-combustibles
• bio-combustible comes into scene as an alternative to diminish dependence on petroleum derivatives and as a new market for oleaginosae.
• Bio-diesel refers to a diesel combustible made basically from vegetable oils or from animal fat and it is a bio-degradable combustible which may be used in all types of diesel engines either pure or combined with diesel oil.
• Bio-diesel is manufactured from renewable sources like sunflower, soybean and others and it is distinguished from other combustibles for producing less amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and it is particularly one of the most environment friendly combustible. However, it is to emphasize that bio-diesel has specific solvent properties that may quickly accelerate wear condition of a few components in an automobile like gaskets, rubber tubes, filters, pumps and fuel lines amongst other components.
• biochemistry and organic chemistry ester is a product resulted from reaction of an organic or inorganic acid with a phenol hetero-arenol or enol alcohol due to formal loss of water which is formed by the acidic hydrogen of the phenol hetero-arenol with the hydroxyl group of the enol alcohol.
• a etherification step in which glycerol is reacted with at least one olefinic hydrocarbons with 4 and 12 carbon atoms and/or an acetalization step in which glycerol is reacted with at least one compound selected from aldehydes, ketones and acetals derived from aldehydes or from ketones.
• the invention has provision of a new method for producing diesel oil through fatty acid esters transesterification found in vegetable oil and fats using a new compound catalyst from a group V metallic oxide with a formula X205 with Nb205 niobic pentoxide.
• conversion of oils into high purity products including glycerin reaches an output estimated in 100% by using an amount of catalyst significantly lower relative to the amount of processed oil when soybean oil, cotton oil, canola oil and others are processed through the method used in this invention.
• Said invented bio-combustible may also be mixed with ethanol, may be added to gasoline as an additive in order to increase its octane rating and to decrease the existing amount of solvents.
• the invented combustible does not become oxidized with the passing time or for being exposed to light and may be mixed to any combustible without any danger of deterioration.
• it directly may increase petroleum reserves, may be mixed with ethanol and diesel oil, may be mixed to a mixture of all types of combustibles and yet may be used to produce a new type of combustible.
• the instant claimed invention was designed aimed at obtaining a bio-combustible or an additive miscible to any other combustible with less components as possible conveniently arranged to perform functions with unmatchable efficiency and versatility without the aforesaid inconvenient.
• This instant claimed invention relates to a process for obtaining a combustible or an additive made from vegetable oils or from marine seaweeds (micro-seaweeds) used for explosion or combustion engines whose process is divided into two steps.
• the first step relates to extraction of glycerin from a vegetable oil through a esterification, transesterification process or any other suitable means.
• the second step is the phase in which the product obtained from the first step becomes to have a lower density and viscosity and even approaching close to or matching the same characteristics of mineral diesel.
• the claimed product in this invention is obtained and may be used as a combustible or as an additive in any compounding proportion into any combustible.
• the resulted product is miscible to said any other combustibles as diesel oil, bi-diesel, ethanol, gasoline and kerosene and said resulted product may be used as an additive or may be used pure as a single combustible.
• this resulted product is not miscible with water since it is a bio-combustible and its main characteristics are that it does no absorb water and is totally stable .
• Adding the product of this instant invention allows the mixture of ethanol with mineral diesel oil without the need of using sophisticated equipments and even with no need of emulsification or use of acids in the ethanol or diesel oil.
• the object of this instant patent application is found in the reaction used for obtaining the combustible and/or the additive and not in the equipment used to produce said combustible and/or additive. Neither is found the object of this instant patent application in the raw-material used to produce said combustible and/or additive since any vegetable oil may be used; therefore, it is basically a chemical reaction.
• Transesterification, esterification or any other means to extract the glycerin are used just in the first step of the claimed process as aforesaid described and meant to be a cleaning action, reduction of density/viscosity of the vegetable oil and thereafter chemical reaction is used to change the substance resulted thereof into the combustible/additive of this instant claimed process.
• a type of selected oil is mixed to hydrated ethanol 93.8° INPM (96°GL) under ambient temperature in a proportion 2:1 p/p (two parts of oil with one part of ethanol) or 1:1 p/p (one part of oil with one part of ethanol) so as to decrease moisture and to provide a balance to oil pH. Otherwise, the oil may only be heated up for a few minutes under a temperature between 100 to 110 degrees Celsius (100°C/110°C) without the need to use ethanol .
• Ethanol was selected as a mixing ingredient; after mixing allow the mixture to rest until the phases become separated and as soon as separation occurs ethanol is taken apart and keep reserved away to re-use.
• Drying can be made by heating or by any other available process; after drying filtration of the contents is made and ester density is checked. Ester density weight must be at a maximum 915kg/m3 (20°C) since the lowest the weight the best results will be.
• Reagent generally referred to as Rl is obtained by mixing 1% to 5% sodium or potassium hydroxide with hydrated ethanol (70°INPM) containing a water weight of 5% to 50%.
• Reagent generally referred to as R2 is obtained by mixing 20% (twenty per cent) to 200% (two hundred percent) p/p hydrated ethyl alcohol 93,8° INPM (96°GL) from ester with 2% (two percent) to 4% (four percent) sodium hydroxide p/p and for each ester kg an amount of two hundred fifty grams (250g) to two thousand five hundred grams (2500g) of hydrated ethyl alcohol is used together with 20g to 40g NaOH.
• Reagent generally referred to as R3 is granular boric acid H3Bo3.
• R2 Under ambient temperature reagent generally referred to as R2 is mixed under agitation with ester also in a proportion of twenty per cent (20%) to two hundred percent (200%) p/p relative to the ester amount.
• reaction occurs by noting a change into a more homogeneous aspect with a darker color stirring of mixture should be interrupted.
• R3 final reagent is added in a proportion of 7% (seven percent) to 20% (twenty percent) p/p relative to ester. Good results were obtained using a proportion of 10% (ten percent) p/p.
• the mixture is stirred under ambient temperature until a new reaction is noted which at first has a more homogeneous aspect with darker and transparent color changing then into a lighter and transparent color.
• reaction perceived stirring is interrupted and the mixture is allowed to rest for approximately thirty minutes (30 min) so that the solid reagent is laid down at the bottom of recipient .
• liquid portion is separated from solid portion and filtration of liquid solution is carried out. Solid portion is then reserved apart for reuse to be added to new mixtures.
• ester After solution is removed the ester will remain and said ester is mixed again, under ambient temperature with content of 10% (ten percent) to 100% (one hundred percent) of pure water.
• the pH of the product is controlled in these two mixing phases with water by adding more or less water. Good results were obtained in a proportion of 50% (fifty percent) p/p relative to the ester amount.
• a H3B03 solution with ethanol 93,8° INPM (96°GL) may also be used for the preparation of reagent generally referred to as R3 in order to save amounts of reagent to be used.
• the process for obtaining a reagent combustible for mixing with other combustibles provides a combustible or an additive used in explosion motors which is produced from sunflower refined oil or any other type of vegetable oil or seaweed oil preferably without the use of conservatives which uses as reagent the following components: Ethyl alcohol 96°GL (93,8° I PM) or 95,3GL (92,8°INPM under 20°C.
• Reagent generally referred to as Rl ethyl alcohol 70° INPM (77°GL) two hundred and eighty-six grams (286g) with a higher or lower variation of thirty percent (30%) and NaOH fourteen dot eighty-five grams (14.85g) with a higher or lower variation of thirty percent (30%).
• Reagent generally referred to as R2 ethyl alcohol 93,8° INPM (96°GL) one thousand and two hundred grams (1200g) with a higher or lower variation of fifty percent (50%) and NaOH twenty-two grams (22g) with a higher or lower variation of twenty percent (20%) .
• Reagent generally referred to as R3 : H3B03 one hundred and ten grams (llOg) with a higher or lower variation of thirty percent (30% ) .
• Reagent generally referred to as RN HCL five grams (5kg) with a higher variation of one hundred percent (100%) or with lower variation of just twenty percent (20%) and one thousand grams (lOOOg) purified water with a higher variation of one hundred percent (100%) or with a lower variation of just twenty percent (20%).
• Reagent generally referred to as Rl is prepared in the following way:
• Reagent generally referred to as RN is prepared in the following way.
• reagents generally referred to as Rl and RN the first proceeding is carried out as follows: 920g (nine hundred and twenty) sunflower oil are placed in a container and heated under stirring and under a constant temperature of 50 °C (fifty degrees Celsius); following the whole content of reagent generally referred to as Rl is slowly mixed and maintained under stirring and constant temperature during 20 (twenty) minutes. After said period of time the mixture is removed from said container and put to rest into a separation funnel (it may be shaped as a pear) until the whole content of glycerin is laid down in the bottom of said funnel.
• a separation funnel it may be shaped as a pear
• ester After neutralization said ester should be dried which is meant to say that all humidity should be eliminated. Such a process may be made with the use of centrifugation, heating or by mixing to said ester fifty percent (50%) parts by weight (p/w) of ethylic alcohol 96°GL (93.8° INPM) and afterwards allow it to rest until separation is obtained. After separation alcohol should be drawn from the mixture and said ester heated up to eighty degrees Celsius (80°C) for a total evaporation of ethylic alcohol. When all said proceedings are done ester is now ready for the transformation phase.
• Preparation of reagent generally referred to as R2 is the next step which is carried out as follows: 1200g ethylic alcohol 96°GL (93,8°INPM) (one thousand two hundred grams) are mixed with 22g (twenty-two) NaOH for each 890g ester. Or for a better understanding in percentage amount a figure of 134.85% (one hundred thirty-four dot eighty-five) parts by weight (p/w) ethyl alcohol relative to the ester amount and 2.47% (two dot forty-seven) parts by weight NaOH also relative to the ester amount with a variation of 5% (five percent) and after mixing NaOH should be fully dissolved. Solution thereof should be then filtered and put apart to further use.
• Reagent generally referred to as R3 is prepared as follows: llOg H3B03 (one hundred and ten grams) or in percentage amount 500% parts by weight (five hundred percent) relative to NaOH with a variation of 5% (five percent).
• the whole content of said reagent R2 should be slowly mixed with 890g ester (eight hundred ninety grams) under ambient temperature and constant stirring.
• the mixing proceeding should be interrupted when reaction occurs. Reaction is noted by a change into a very homogeneous aspect with a more transparent and darker color. Reaction takes place when pH in the mixture achieves a level close to 13.
• reagent R3 should be mixed with the resulting solution under ambient temperature and constant stirring. Stirring should be interrupted when a new reactions occurs in such a moment when the new solution shows a brighter color. Reaction takes place when pH in the mixture achieves a level close to 8.8. Following reaction should be allowed to rest so that the solid reagent R3 becomes totally laid down at the bottom portion of container.
• the resulting solution should be allowed to rest until phases separation occurs. After solution having become separate water should be removed and ester should be dried by centrifugation or heating. If heating method was selected heating under a constant temperature between 110°C to 140° (one hundred ten to one hundred forty Celsius) should be carried out so that the whole content of water becomes evaporated. Now the solution should be allowed to cool and after cooled should be filtered with a 3 (three) micra mash or smaller filter. Ester pH should be now measured after ester becomes dry, cold and filtered. These are the two phases of being mixed with purified water that the claimed product's pH is controlled by adding more or less water. In case pH is noted not to have yet become alkaline the latest process step should be repeated but then with a lower amount of water which is around ten percent (10%) parts by weight relative to sster. A variation of five percent (5%) is allowed.
• the product is now ready for use. If so wanted or commercially required a certain amount of ethyl anhydrous or hydrated alcohol may be added to the ready claimed product so that ready product is provided with the required density for its final use. Otherwise, the product may be simply used as a pure product.
• All containers used in the processing steps should be made of a type of material that does not allow oxides to be aggregated to the ready product.
• the container made material should be one of porcelain, stainless steel or vitreous type.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=47563541

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2011
  • 2011-12-15 PT PT106059A patent/PT106059A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2012
  • 2012-12-05 BR BR112014018282A patent/BR112014018282A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-12-05 EP EP12816330.0A patent/EP2791289A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-12-05 WO PCT/IB2012/002605 patent/WO2013088218A1/en active Application Filing
• 2014
  • 2014-06-13 US US14/304,584 patent/US20140290129A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events