EP2786106B1 - Verdrilltes sensorrohr - Google Patents

Verdrilltes sensorrohr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2786106B1
EP2786106B1 EP12787275.2A EP12787275A EP2786106B1 EP 2786106 B1 EP2786106 B1 EP 2786106B1 EP 12787275 A EP12787275 A EP 12787275A EP 2786106 B1 EP2786106 B1 EP 2786106B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
section
sensor tube
twisted
tube
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12787275.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2786106A2 (de
Inventor
Lowell A. Kleven
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Rosemount Inc
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Rosemount Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/16—Special arrangements for conducting heat from the object to the sensitive element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor tube, such as a thermowell, used in measuring a fluid variable in a process. More specifically, the present invention relates to a sensor tube configuration that achieves vortex shedding reduction using a simple manufacturing technique.
  • Process fluid temperature is an important physical parameter that is often used to control or otherwise monitor a process.
  • a process fluid temperature is typically measured using a temperature sensor, such as a resistance temperature device (RTD), thermocouple or thermistor.
  • RTD resistance temperature device
  • the temperature sensor itself is generally not able to withstand direct contact with a process fluid.
  • a thermally conductive sensor tube such as a thermowell, is used to interface with the process fluid while protecting the temperature sensor.
  • the process fluid directly contacts the thermowell and heat from the process fluid transfers through the thermowell to the temperature sensor disposed therein. In this manner, the temperature sensor can accurately measure process fluid temperature without directly contacting the process fluid.
  • a thermowell allows replacement of the temperature sensor without having to break the process seal.
  • thermowells Since sensor tubes and thermowells are directly inserted into the process, they are subject to a number of stresses. When thermowells are used in pipes or tanks, they suffer from high fatigue stresses caused by vortex shedding. This vortex shedding occurs at specific frequencies as determined from the Strouhal Number.
  • the Strouhal Number is approximately 0.22 and does vary slightly with Reynolds Number.
  • the Strouhal Number is f s d m /V, where f s is the shedding frequency, d m is the diameter of the cylindrical thermowell and V is the flow stream velocity.
  • thermowell vibrate inline with the flow and is caused by the vortices shed from each side of the thermowell where forces at twice the shedding frequency are generated.
  • This vibration mode usually generates less stress than the crossflow condition, but it still can cause the thermowell to fail in fatigue.
  • Thermowell designs are usually checked by the requirements of ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 and give acceptable flow velocities for the conditions specified.
  • the inline vibration mode is checked for stress levels in vortex frequencies 0.4 to 0.6 of the lowest natural frequency of the thermowell. Some applications in this velocity range will be unacceptable due to fatigue stress levels. This standard requires vortex frequency in all applications to be below 0.8 of the natural frequency.
  • vortex shedding forces can lead to breakage of the thermowell due to fatigue stress failure and therefore, loss of pressure containment and potential damage to down stream components due to an unattached part in the pipe.
  • thermowells Some attempts have been made to reduce vortex shedding from thermowells. For example, it is known to attach helical strakes to a thermowell to reduce vortex shedding. United States Patent Publication 2008/0307901 A1 by Jeremy Knight also shows a thermowell or a gas sampling tube with helical strakes attached. Further methods for reducing vortex shedding can be found in a paper by M. M. Zdravkovich entitled, "Review and classification of various aerodynamic and hydrodynamic means for suppressing vortex shedding" Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 7 (1981) pp. 145 - 189 .
  • thermowell or gas sampling probe comprising an elongated tube with one or more helical fins wound longitudinally along and around at least part of the outer surface of said tube where the width of the fin is in the range 0.005D to 0.2D; and the depth of the fin is in the range 0.05D to 0.5D; where D is the external diameter or width of the tube.
  • the gas sampling probe comprises an elongate main tubular member having an inlet end and an outlet end and a sampling tube housed within said main tubular member extending from the inlet end to the outlet end.
  • WO02/072995 presents a mechanism to be applied to an exterior surface of a cylindrical structure for reduction of the effect of Vortex Induce Vibration (VIV) in the cylindrical structure when immersed in flowing fluid.
  • the mechanism is provided with a generally cylindrical column having a central axis, an interior surface corresponding in size and shape to the exterior surface of the cylindrical structure to which the mechanism is to be applied and an outer surface defining a wall thickness.
  • a reduced wall thickness is formed into the outer surface in a pattern to produce a discontinuity that interrupts the lengthwise coherence of vortex shedding of moving fluid from the outer surface when the cylindrical column is attached to the exterior of the cylindrical structure in the flowing fluid. The effect of VIV on the cylindrical structure is effectively reduced.
  • the present invention provides a sensor tube for protecting a sensor inserted into a moving process fluid according to claim 1; further preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims.
  • Embodiments of the present invention eliminate or significantly reduce the forces caused by vortex shedding on a thermowell or other device inserted into a flow stream of gases, liquids or other fluids.
  • the elimination or reduction of vortex shedding is accomplished, in one embodiment, by using a square tube or rod and twisting the tube or rod. More specifically, the rod or tube is twisted in a pitch of 1 turn per 8-16 widths of the square to make a spiral shaped tube. This configuration is easier to manufacture and more rugged than previous methods for avoiding vortex shedding stresses.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a process fluid temperature measurement system including a twisted thermowell in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Temperature measurement system 10 includes a thermowell 12 having a temperature sensor 13 disposed therein.
  • temperature sensor 13 may be any suitable sensor and generally has a cylindrical shape that is received in a lengthwise bore within thermowell 12.
  • Conductors 30, 34 of temperature sensor 13 are coupled to suitable circuitry 26 within temperature transmitter 14 in order to measure the temperature and provide an indication thereof to a process controller or other suitable device.
  • An example of a suitable temperature transmitter is the Model 644 Head Mount Temperature Transmitter available from Emerson Process Management of Chanhassen, Minnesota.
  • Thermowell 12 preferably includes a process sealing flange 16 that is able to attach and seal to a process vessel such as a pipe or tank.
  • Thermowell 12 includes round section 18 that passes through process interface section 16, illustrated as a flange in FIG. 1 .
  • Round section 18 is preferably welded to flange 16 for strength and for pressure sealing.
  • Thermowell 12 includes an extended section including a twisted section 20 extending from round section 18 to sealed end 22 of thermowell 12. There is a center hole or longitudinal bore that runs the length of thermowell 12 for insertion of temperature sensor 13.
  • the cross-section of twisted section 20 is a square and the twist rate or pitch of section 20 is 1 turn per 8-16 widths of the section.
  • the square corners provide a rugged surface that is exposed to the flow versus the more fragile helical strakes.
  • the square section could go through the flange and be welded to the flange if the square section is left untwisted at that location.
  • the flange square hole would be more difficult to manufacture, but can be accomplished.
  • the square section could be machined round and put through the flange and welded.
  • the twisted portion need not extend the full length of the flow stream from the interface section to the sealed end. It is believed that as long as the twisted portion extends between 40% and 100% of the flow stream that effective results will be achieved.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic cross section taken along line A-A in FIG. 1 .
  • Twisted section 20 is shown having a cross-section is the shape of a square. The sides of the square preferably extend to just short of the diameter of round section 18.
  • Bore 36 is defined by process interface section 18 and the twisted section 20 and configured to receive a sensor, such as a temperature sensor, therein. Preferably, bore 36 is centered within twisted section 20 and round section 18 for receiving the sensor. Bore 36 extends to end 22 (shown in FIG. 1 ) where twisted section 20 is sealed.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of a twisted sensor tube in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Sensor tube 120 has corners 122 that are thicker than the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 . The added thickness may make the corners more rugged and able to wear better over longer periods.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrammatic cross sectional views of twisted sensor tubes in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A shows a cross section of a twisted portion of sensor tube 220 with corners 222 that have a radius of curvature that matches cylindrical portion 224. This embodiment is particularly advantageous where the rectangular twisted portion is originally machined from a cylindrical piece. The twisted portion can be machined from the cylinder in twisted fashion, or it can be machined first and then twisted. Each corner 222 has a pair of edges 228, 228 that help reduce vortex shedding, while making the corner more rugged.
  • FIG. 4B is similar to FIG. 4A , however, corners 322 are simply radiused before the section is twisted.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a tapered, twisted sensor tube in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Sensor tube 400 is tapered in that its cross sectional area decreases from location 402 to distal end 404.
  • Sensor tube 400 is also shown with only a portion being twisted.
  • twisted portion 406 accounts for about 40% of length, L.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a stepped, twisted sensor tube in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Sensor tube 450 is stepped in that its cross sectional area is reduced in steps at locations 452, 454. Again, only a portion, such as 40%, of length L is twisted, as indicated at reference numeral 456.
  • any suitable number of sides equal to or greater than 3 can be used.
  • a twisted triangle, twisted pentagon, or a twisted hexagon shape could also be employed in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the effectiveness of the twisted section at reducing vortex shedding will diminish as the overall shape becomes more and more like a cylinder.
  • the twisted sensor tube or thermowell is generally formed of metal.
  • Metal is particularly useful in that it can be easily machined.
  • a square metal thermowell can be easily twisted into the configurations described above.
  • metal is not the only material with which embodiments of the present invention are useful.
  • other materials such as ceramic could be used. While such materials may not be as amenable to machining as metal, they could still be provided in the configurations described above.
  • a twisted square ceramic thermowell could simply be molded into the desired shape or configuration prior to firing or otherwise curing the ceramic.
  • suitable manufacturing methods such as injection molding, could be employed.
  • a twisted section Although many embodiments refer to a twisted section, that language is not intended to require the actual act of twisting to form the section. Instead, it is intended to mean that the cross-section remains a polygon while the edges of the polygon form helixes along the length of the twisted section.
  • a twisted section could be formed of molded ceramic, injection molded plastic, cast metal, et cetera.
  • the twisted section simply has cross section that includes at least three walls, where the walls are equally sized and where the walls form helixes along the length of the twisted section.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a number of advantages and synergies. Specifically, the walls of the twisted section are believed to be more robust than strakes which are generally fragile and difficult to manufacture. Additionally, the use of a polygonal thermowell would normally have a specific orientation relative to the fluid flow. However, since the polygonal section is twisted, it is rendered omnidirectional and thus does not require any alignment relative to the flow direction. Further, the utilization of a substantially integral construction does not require any additional or moving parts. Finally, the polygonal edges promote turbulence and therefore increase heat transfer which may reduce the time constant, self heating and conduction error for thermowell embodiments.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Sensorrohr zum Schutz eines Sensors, welcher in eine fließende Prozessflüssigkeit eingeführt ist, wobei das Sensorrohr umfasst:
    einen Prozess-Schnittstellenabschnitt (16) zur Befestigung an einem Prozessbehälter;
    einen verlängerten Abschnitt (76), welcher sich von dem Prozess-Schnittstellenabschnitt zu einem abgedichteten Ende (22) erstreckt, wobei der verlängerte Abschnitt einen verdrillten Abschnitt (20) mit einer Längsachse aufweist;
    wobei der Prozess-Schnittstellenabschnitt (16) und der verlängerte Abschnitt eine Sensorbohrung definieren, welche konfiguriert ist, um einen Sensor (13) darin aufzunehmen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der verdrillte Abschnitt einen Querschnitt aufweist, welcher mindestens drei gleich große Wände umfasst, und wobei die Wände entlang der Längsachse des verdrillten Abschnitts Schraubenlinien ausbilden, wobei der verdrillte Abschnitt eine Steigung aufweist, welche eine Windung pro 8-16 Breiten einer der gleich großen Wände beträgt.
  2. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Sensorrohr eine Tauchhülse ist.
  3. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Querschnitt ein Quadrat ist.
  4. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Sensorrohr aus Metall ausgebildet ist.
  5. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Sensorrohr aus Keramik ausgebildet ist.
  6. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Sensorrohr aus Kunststoff ausgebildet ist.
  7. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, und ferner umfassend einen in der Sensorbohrung angeordneten Sensor, wobei der Sensor eine elektrische Eigenschaft aufweist, welche mit einer Prozessvariablen variiert, und
    wobei der Sensor ein Temperatursensor ist und ferner einen mit dem Sensor gekoppelten Temperaturtransmitter umfasst.
  8. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Wände an abgerundeten Ecken zusammenlaufen.
  9. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Sensorrohr ein sich verjüngendes Sensorrohr ist.
  10. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Sensorrohr ein gestuftes Sensorrohr ist.
  11. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Querschnitt vier gleich große Wände aufweist.
  12. Sensorrohr nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Querschnitt ein polygonaler Querschnitt mit gleich großen Wänden ist,
    wobei das Polygon Ecken aufweist, welche einen Krümmungsradius haben, und wobei sich der verdrillte Abschnitt zwischen etwa 40 % und 100 % der Einführlänge erstreckt, und
    wobei sich der verdrillte Abschnitt von einem distalen Ende des Sensorrohrs erstreckt.
EP12787275.2A 2011-12-01 2012-10-30 Verdrilltes sensorrohr Active EP2786106B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161565765P 2011-12-01 2011-12-01
US13/537,817 US9188489B2 (en) 2011-12-01 2012-06-29 Twisted sensor tube
PCT/US2012/062559 WO2013081758A2 (en) 2011-12-01 2012-10-30 Twisted sensor tube

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2786106A2 EP2786106A2 (de) 2014-10-08
EP2786106B1 true EP2786106B1 (de) 2022-04-13

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EP12787275.2A Active EP2786106B1 (de) 2011-12-01 2012-10-30 Verdrilltes sensorrohr

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US (1) US9188489B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2786106B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5860162B2 (de)
CN (2) CN202956201U (de)
AU (1) AU2012346409B2 (de)
BR (1) BR112014013060B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2857662C (de)
IN (1) IN2014MN00877A (de)
MX (1) MX343556B (de)
WO (1) WO2013081758A2 (de)

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US9188489B2 (en) 2011-12-01 2015-11-17 Rosemount Inc. Twisted sensor tube
JP6269185B2 (ja) * 2014-03-07 2018-01-31 横浜ゴム株式会社 ゴム押出物の温度測定方法および温度測定装置
AT516331B1 (de) * 2014-10-03 2016-10-15 4Tex Gmbh Halterung für Sensoren
EP3184980B1 (de) * 2015-12-21 2019-04-03 ENDRESS + HAUSER WETZER GmbH + Co. KG Temperatursensor zur messung der temperatur eines mediums in einem behälter oder rohr
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JP7003080B2 (ja) 2019-03-18 2022-01-20 株式会社東芝 太陽熱温水器及び太陽熱利用システム
US20220397136A1 (en) * 2019-10-23 2022-12-15 Haldatec Pty Ltd A vortex suppression device
EP3967994A1 (de) 2020-09-09 2022-03-16 Endress+Hauser Wetzer GmbH+CO. KG Schutzrohr zum einsetzen in ein rohr oder einen behälter mit reduzierter empfindlichkeit gegenüber wirbelinduzierten schwingungen
ES2800349A1 (es) * 2020-11-03 2020-12-29 Espanola De Instr Primaria S A Vaina de protección para sensores de medición de, al menos, un parámetro de un fluido que circula en el interior de una tubería
EP4027123A1 (de) 2021-01-08 2022-07-13 Endress+Hauser Wetzer GmbH+CO. KG Schutzrohr zum einsetzen in ein rohr oder einen behälter mit reduzierter empfindlichkeit gegenüber wirbelinduzierten schwingungen
EP4056974B1 (de) 2021-03-08 2024-05-22 Endress+Hauser Wetzer GmbH+CO. KG Messgerät mit schutzrohr mit verminderter empfindlichkeit gegenüber wirbelinduzierten schwingungen
EP4095500A1 (de) 2021-05-28 2022-11-30 Endress+Hauser Wetzer GmbH+CO. KG Thermometer mit schwingungsdetektion
EP4235123A1 (de) 2022-02-24 2023-08-30 Endress+Hauser Wetzer GmbH+CO. KG Schutzrohr mit reduzierter empfindlichkeit gegen wirbelinduzierte schwingungen

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2015500469A (ja) 2015-01-05
CA2857662C (en) 2018-02-27
CA2857662A1 (en) 2013-06-06
IN2014MN00877A (de) 2015-04-17
CN202956201U (zh) 2013-05-29
EP2786106A2 (de) 2014-10-08
CN103134601A (zh) 2013-06-05
MX343556B (es) 2016-11-10
WO2013081758A3 (en) 2014-01-16
BR112014013060B1 (pt) 2020-11-10
BR112014013060A2 (pt) 2017-06-13
MX2014006372A (es) 2014-09-22
AU2012346409B2 (en) 2015-02-19
WO2013081758A2 (en) 2013-06-06
US20130142216A1 (en) 2013-06-06
US9188489B2 (en) 2015-11-17
CN103134601B (zh) 2016-05-11
JP5860162B2 (ja) 2016-02-16
AU2012346409A1 (en) 2014-07-03

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