EP2780920B1 - High-current switch - Google Patents

High-current switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2780920B1
EP2780920B1 EP12751004.8A EP12751004A EP2780920B1 EP 2780920 B1 EP2780920 B1 EP 2780920B1 EP 12751004 A EP12751004 A EP 12751004A EP 2780920 B1 EP2780920 B1 EP 2780920B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
fixed contacts
current switch
bridges
contact bridges
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12751004.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2780920A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Von Prondzinski
Jens Knebel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaltbau GmbH
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Schaltbau GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Schaltbau GmbH filed Critical Schaltbau GmbH
Priority to PL12751004T priority Critical patent/PL2780920T3/en
Publication of EP2780920A1 publication Critical patent/EP2780920A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2780920B1 publication Critical patent/EP2780920B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/502—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position the action of the contact pressure spring becoming active only after engagement of the contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2025—Bridging contacts comprising two-parallel bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/40—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using friction, toothed, or screw-and-nut gearing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/14—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with bridging contact that is not electrically connected to either line contact in open position of switch
    • H01H31/24—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with bridging contact that is not electrically connected to either line contact in open position of switch with rectilinearly-movable bridging contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2025—Bridging contacts comprising two-parallel bridges
    • H01H2001/2033—Bridging contacts comprising two-parallel bridges with a contact bridge on both opposite sides of a fixed contact pair, each contact bridge being moved to close or open the circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2227/00—Dimensions; Characteristics
    • H01H2227/032—Operating force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/24—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using pneumatic or hydraulic actuator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high current switch according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • Such a switch comprises a first fixed contact and a second fixed contact spaced from the first fixed contact. Further, a relative to the two fixed contacts movable contact bridge and a springless trained delivery device are provided to transfer the contact bridge of an open position of the switch, in which the two fixed contacts are not connected to each other, in a closed position in which the contact bridge, the two fixed contacts connects electrically with each other. The feed device is further provided to press the contact bridge in the closed position against the two fixed contacts.
  • switches can be divided into two fundamentally different designs.
  • the contact bridge is moved during the switching process by means of a suitable feed device on the two fixed contacts until touching the contact surfaces of the fixed contacts and the contact surfaces of the contact bridge and firmly abut each other.
  • the contact bridge is usually spring actuated or even formed itself as a spring.
  • the dimensioning of the contact bridge influenced just when the contact bridge is designed as a spring, quite significantly the thermally possible continuous current of the switch. If a short-circuit occurs in these switches in the switched circuit, a current with a current intensity which is significantly above the thermally possible continuous current of the switch flows for a short time until the fuse is triggered.
  • New high-current applications call for switches that allow a continuous thermal current of about 800 amperes and are suitable for surge currents up to 85 kA or more. These requirements are currently only grown so-called blade contact switch.
  • a usually wedge-shaped contact blade is pressed into a correspondingly wedge-shaped receptacle of the fixed contact.
  • Knife contact switches are often designed so that the knife, so the contact bridge is rotatably connected to one of the two fixed contacts and is pressed only in a corresponding receptacle of the second fixed contact.
  • knife contact switches both very high continuous thermal currents and very high dynamic current surges can be switched. Due to the fact that the blade is pressed in during the switch-on process and the contacts are pulled apart during the switch-off process, friction causes relatively high wear. Compared with switches of the former design, blade contact switches have a comparatively short life.
  • a switch of the type mentioned is in DE 10 2006 008480 B4 as described in the prior art.
  • This document also mentions the problem that, in particular with high current pulses and the resulting lifting of the contact bridge, arcing may occur, which destroy both the fixed contacts and the movable contact bridge.
  • the DE 10 2006 008480 B4 Therefore proposes to design the contact bridge U-shaped or pot-shaped, wherein the contact bridge in the on state encloses projections of the two fixed contacts projecting at right angles.
  • the extensions of the two fixed contacts are resilient and press in the on state from the inside outwards against the cup-shaped contact bridge. Magnetic fields generated by current pulses amplify this Construction of the contact pressure between fixed contacts and contact bridge. A lifting of the contact bridge is thus avoided.
  • Out DE 1540490 A1 is a pressure gas insulated high voltage switchgear known.
  • the mechanism for actuating the contact bridge of the switchgear is designed in the manner of a lift. The actuation takes place by means of a spindle drive.
  • the AT 143521 B describes a high-current switch, which has two contact bridges between which the fixed contacts are located. Both contact bridges are equipped with contact pressure springs.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a high-current switch, which is suitable for continuous thermal currents of about 800 amperes and surge currents up to about 85 kA and at the same time has a long service life.
  • Contact bridges and delivery device are thus sufficiently rigid to transmit the required high contact forces, which prevent lifting of the contact bridge at high surge currents with currents up to about 85 kA. Due to the lowest natural frequency of the system according to the invention consisting of contact bridges and delivery device of at least 2000 Hz ensures that a resonance catastrophe can not occur. Possible excitation sequences are in conceivable applications below 2000 Hz.
  • the entire system consisting of contact bridges and delivery device is to be regarded as rigid and thus as a springless. This does not mean that individual parts of the feed device or of the contact bridges, which are not directly involved in the transmission, can not also have lower stiffness values. For example, washers that can be installed in certain assemblies of the delivery device or the contact bridges. In the high-current switch according to the invention, the application of particularly large contact forces is possible.
  • the two contact bridges are pressed with the same force against the fixed contacts, so that the resulting force on the storage of the two fixed contacts goes to zero.
  • the fixed contacts must therefore not be stored very stable in the housing of the high-current switch. Destruction of the switch due to particularly high contact pressure is thus avoided.
  • the feed device is dimensioned such that the contact bridges in the closed position are each pressed with a force of at least 500 N on the two fixed contacts. This avoids lifting of the contact bridge at surge currents of more than 35 kA.
  • the feed device comprises a spindle drive to transfer the contact bridges from the open position to the closed position and to press in the manner of a screw on the fixed contacts.
  • a spindle of the spindle drive is rotatably mounted on a housing of the high-current switch, wherein the spindle is arranged between the two fixed contacts and perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the contact bridges.
  • the spindle is arranged between the two fixed contacts and perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the contact bridges.
  • only one spindle is required to produce a uniformly distributed contact force on both fixed contacts. This structure is particularly simple and also allows a cost-effective production.
  • the spindle has two opposing threads, wherein the opposing threads are each in engagement with one of the two contact bridges.
  • two contact bridges can be brought from an open position, in which the two contact bridges do not touch the fixed contacts, into a closed position in which the two contact bridges each connect both fixed contacts to one another.
  • the two contact bridges can move towards each other on a clockwise rotation of the spindle against the fixed contacts, wherein a rotation of the spindle counterclockwise causes the two contact bridges to move away from the fixed contacts again.
  • the spindle is mounted axially displaceable on the housing under a certain play. This ensures that the two contact bridges are pressed evenly against the fixed contacts. Component tolerances can lead to one of the two contact bridges with axially non-displaceably mounted spindle, the fixed contacts during switching achieved sooner than the second contact bridge. This would mean that a bending moment acts on the fixed contacts, as a result of which the bearings of the two fixed contacts are loaded during each switching operation. This would affect the life of the switch.
  • the axial play of the spindle must of course be less than the travel of the contact bridges between the open position and the closed position.
  • At least one sliding guide exists between the contact bridge and the housing of the high-current switch. This ensures that the contact bridges can be safely and easily closed or opened.
  • the contact bridge comprises at both ends in each case a 90 ° angled sliding guide element. This results in a very precise guidance of the contact bridge allows on a corresponding component of the housing, this embodiment is also very inexpensive to implement.
  • the feed device is hydraulically driven.
  • very high pressure forces can be achieved.
  • a hydraulic feed device is also rigid in the aforementioned sense.
  • the high current switch is an AC switch, wherein the lowest natural frequency of the system consisting of contact bridges and feed device, in the direction of the pressing force is greater than the AC frequency.
  • the switch according to the preferred embodiment is designed so that the natural frequency of the system consisting of contact bridges and feed device in the direction of the pressing force is greater than the AC frequency, just this vibration excitation is avoided.
  • the contact surfaces of the fixed contacts and the contact bridges are preferably made of silver. Since silver is very soft, a very good surface contact is achieved due to the contact pressure between the fixed contacts and the contact bridge.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a high-current switch 1 according to the invention in the closed position ( FIG. 1 ) or open position ( FIG. 2 ).
  • the housing 6 of the high-current switch 1 according to the invention is shown partially open to allow an insight into the interior of the switch.
  • the switch comprises a left first fixed contact 2 and a right second fixed contact 3.
  • the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 are spaced apart from each other in the housing 6 of the switch 1, wherein in each case one end of the fixed contacts 2 and 3 protrudes from the housing 6. At this end there is in each case an electrical connection 9 in order to be able to integrate the switch 1 in the circuit to be switched.
  • each of the two contact bridges 4 comprises as a conductor a rectangular copper rod 43, at both ends of which a first contact surface 41 and a second contact surface 42 are arranged.
  • the contact surfaces 41 and 42 are only in FIG. 2 designated.
  • the FIG. 2 also shows that the first fixed contact at its lying in the interior of the housing 6 end has a contact surface 21 both on its upper side and on its underside.
  • the right second fixed contact 3 includes two such contact surfaces 31.
  • the first contact surface 41 of the two bridges 4 is flat against in each case a contact surface 21 of the first fixed contact 2.
  • the second contact surface 42 of the bridges 4 each contacts a contact surface 31 of the second fixed contact 3.
  • a spindle 5 Perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the two contact bridges 4, a spindle 5 is arranged centrally between the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 and is rotatably mounted on the housing 6.
  • the spindle 5 is provided to actuate the switch, and move the two contact bridges 4 during the switching on the fixed contacts 2 and 3 and press against each other on the fixed contacts 2 and 3 and the two contact bridges 4 during the switching operation of the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 away.
  • the spindle 5 comprises two threaded sections 51 and 52, which in each case engage with one of the two contact bridges 4 via a nut 8 permanently connected to the contact bridge 4.
  • the two threaded portions 51 and 52 are designed in opposite directions, so that a rotation of the threaded spindle 5 causes counterclockwise that the two contact bridges in the direction of the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 are moved towards each other. A clockwise rotation of the spindle 5 causes the two contact bridges to move away from each other and the connection of the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 to be released.
  • the contact bridges each comprise a sliding guide element 7 at its two ends.
  • the sliding guide element 7 is a sheet steel component which is screwed onto the copper rod 43 of the bridge 4 and protrudes at right angles at the respective end of the contact bridge 4.
  • the protruding leg of the Gleitmentselements 7 thus extends parallel to the axis of the spindle 5.
  • the protruding legs of the Gleitmentsevoke 7 are guided on Gleit Resultssblöcken 61 of the housing 6.
  • the guide surfaces of the slide blocks 61 are also parallel to the axis of the spindle fifth
  • the switch 1 according to the invention therefore has a much longer service life than comparable blade contact switches.
  • the contact surfaces 21, 31, 41 and 42 are made of silver. Silver conducts very well and is also relatively soft, resulting in a very good contact even with low contact forces between contact bridge and fixed contact.
  • the drive of the spindle 5 which may for example consist of an electric motor.
  • the spindle drive a high contact pressure can be realized even with a low motor torque, with which the contact bridges 4 are pressed onto the inner ends of the fixed contacts 2 and 3.
  • the threaded spindle 5 is mounted axially displaceable under a certain play on the housing 6 of the switch 1. As a result, the two contact bridges 4 are pressed uniformly against the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 with the switch closed.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Hochstromschalter nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a high current switch according to the preamble of independent claim 1.

Ein derartiger Schalter umfasst einen ersten Festkontakt und einen von dem ersten Festkontakt beabstandeten zweiten Festkontakt. Ferner sind eine gegenüber den beiden Festkontakten bewegliche Kontaktbrücke und eine federlos ausgebildete Zustellvorrichtung vorgesehen, um die Kontaktbrücke von einer geöffneten Stellung des Schalters, in der die beiden Festkontakte nicht miteinander verbunden sind, in eine geschlossene Stellung zu überführen, in der die Kontaktbrücke die beiden Festkontakte elektrisch miteinander verbindet. Die Zustellvorrichtung ist ferner dazu vorgesehen, die Kontaktbrücke in der geschlossenen Stellung gegen die beiden Festkontakte zu pressen.Such a switch comprises a first fixed contact and a second fixed contact spaced from the first fixed contact. Further, a relative to the two fixed contacts movable contact bridge and a springless trained delivery device are provided to transfer the contact bridge of an open position of the switch, in which the two fixed contacts are not connected to each other, in a closed position in which the contact bridge, the two fixed contacts connects electrically with each other. The feed device is further provided to press the contact bridge in the closed position against the two fixed contacts.

Generell können bei Schaltern zwei grundsätzlich verschiedene Bauweisen unterschieden werden. Bei der ersten Bauweise wird die Kontaktbrücke beim Schaltvorgang mittels einer geeigneten Zustellvorrichtung auf die beiden Festkontakte zubewegt, bis sich die Kontaktflächen der Festkontakte und die Kontaktflächen der Kontaktbrücke berühren und fest aneinander anliegen. Die Kontaktbrücke ist zumeist federbetätigt oder ist sogar selbst als Feder ausgebildet. Am Markt sind Hochstromschalter verfügbar, die nach diesem Prinzip arbeiten. Die Dimensionierung der Kontaktbrücke beeinflusst gerade dann, wenn die Kontaktbrücke als Feder ausgebildet ist, ganz maßgeblich den thermisch möglichen Dauerstrom des Schalters. Kommt es bei diesen Schaltern im geschalteten Stromkreis zu einem Kurzschluss, so fließt bis zum Auslösen der Sicherung für eine kurze Zeit ein Strom mit einer Stromstärke, die deutlich über dem thermisch möglichen Dauerstrom des Schalters liegt. Bei derartigen Stromstößen mit Stromstärken von mehreren kA werden im Bereich der Kontaktstellen durch den Stromfluss entgegengesetzte Magnetfelder erzeugt, die hohe Kräfte zwischen den Festkontakten und der Kontaktbrücke hervorrufen. Diese magnetischen Kräfte sind entgegen der Anpresskraft gerichtet, mit der die Kontaktbrücke auf die Festkontakte gepresst wird, und können bei entsprechend großen Stromstärken zu einem Abheben der Kontaktbrücke führen. Dabei entsteht zwischen Festkontakt und Kontaktbrücke ein Lichtbogen, durch den Festkontakt und Kontaktbrücke lokal erwärmt werden, was auch dazu führen kann, dass das Material aufgeschmolzen wird. Kommt es zum Abheben der Kontaktbrücke, so fließt durch den Lichtbogen ein weitaus geringerer Strom als zuvor bei geschlossenem Schalter. Der geringere Stromfluss führt auch zu einer Verringerung der magnetisch hervorgerufenen Abhebekräfte, wodurch der Schalter kurze Zeit darauf aufgrund der dauerhaft wirkenden Anpresskraft wieder geschlossen wird. Dieser Prozess wiederholt sich so lange der Stromstoß andauert. Die Erwärmung der Kontaktstellen durch den Lichtbogen kann dabei zu einem Verschweißen der Kontakte führen. Besonders kritisch ist das Phänomen des wiederholten Abhebens der Kontaktbrücke bei federbetätigten Kontaktbrücken und bei Kontaktbrücken, die selbst als Feder ausgebildet sind. Falls die Frequenz des Erregerstroms im Bereich einer Eigenfrequenz der Feder liegt, so kann es zu einer Resonanzkatastrophe kommen, so dass der intermittierend einsetzende Lichtbogen besonders lange aufrecht erhalten wird.In general, switches can be divided into two fundamentally different designs. In the first construction, the contact bridge is moved during the switching process by means of a suitable feed device on the two fixed contacts until touching the contact surfaces of the fixed contacts and the contact surfaces of the contact bridge and firmly abut each other. The contact bridge is usually spring actuated or even formed itself as a spring. There are high current switches available on the market that operate on this principle. The dimensioning of the contact bridge influenced just when the contact bridge is designed as a spring, quite significantly the thermally possible continuous current of the switch. If a short-circuit occurs in these switches in the switched circuit, a current with a current intensity which is significantly above the thermally possible continuous current of the switch flows for a short time until the fuse is triggered. In the case of such surges with currents of several kA, opposite magnetic fields are generated in the area of the contact points due to the current flow, which cause high forces between the fixed contacts and the contact bridge. These magnetic forces are directed against the contact force, with which the contact bridge is pressed onto the fixed contacts, and can lead to a lifting of the contact bridge with correspondingly large currents. This creates an arc between the fixed contact and contact bridge, are locally heated by the fixed contact and contact bridge, which can also lead to the fact that the material is melted. If it comes to lifting the contact bridge, then flows through the arc far less current than before with the switch closed. The lower current flow also leads to a reduction of the magnetically induced lift-off forces, whereby the switch is closed again shortly thereafter due to the permanently acting contact force. This process Repeats itself as long as the current surge persists. The heating of the contact points by the arc can lead to a welding of the contacts. Particularly critical is the phenomenon of repeated lifting of the contact bridge at spring-actuated contact bridges and contact bridges, which are themselves designed as a spring. If the frequency of the excitation current is in the range of a natural frequency of the spring, then it can lead to a resonance disaster, so that the intermittent incipient arc is maintained for a particularly long time.

Am Markt sind derzeit federbetätigte Hochstromschalter erhältlich, die für Stromstöße bis etwa 30 kA geeignet sind. Der letztendlich begrenzende Faktor ist die durch die Feder erzielbare Anpresskraft, durch welche die Kontaktbrücke auf die beiden Festkontakte gepresst wird. Derartige Schalter werden in der Regel lastlos geschaltet.Spring-operated high-current switches are currently available on the market, which are suitable for current surges up to about 30 kA. The ultimate limiting factor is the contact force that can be achieved by the spring, which presses the contact bridge onto the two fixed contacts. Such switches are usually switched without load.

Neue Hochstromanwendungen verlangen nach Schaltern, die einen thermischen Dauerstrom von etwa 800 Ampere erlauben und für Stoßströme bis zu 85 kA oder darüber hinaus geeignet sind. Diesen Anforderungen sind derzeit nur sogenannte Messerkontaktschalter gewachsen. Bei dieser zweiten Bauweise wird ein meist keilförmig ausgebildetes Kontaktmesser in eine entsprechend keilförmig ausgebildete Aufnahme des Festkontakts eingepresst. Messerkontaktschalter sind oft so ausgeführt, dass das Messer, also die Kontaktbrücke, drehbar mit einem der beiden Festkontakte verbunden ist und lediglich in eine entsprechende Aufnahme des zweiten Festkontakts eingepresst wird. Mit Messerkontaktschaltern können sowohl sehr hohe thermische Dauerströme als auch sehr hohe dynamische Stromstöße geschaltet werden. Durch das Einpressen des Messers beim Einschaltvorgang und das Auseinanderziehen der Kontakte beim Ausschaltvorgang kommt es aufgrund von Reibung zu einem relativ großen Verschleiß. Gegenüber Schaltern der erstgenannten Bauweise haben Messerkontaktschalter eine vergleichsweise geringe Lebensdauer.New high-current applications call for switches that allow a continuous thermal current of about 800 amperes and are suitable for surge currents up to 85 kA or more. These requirements are currently only grown so-called blade contact switch. In this second construction, a usually wedge-shaped contact blade is pressed into a correspondingly wedge-shaped receptacle of the fixed contact. Knife contact switches are often designed so that the knife, so the contact bridge is rotatably connected to one of the two fixed contacts and is pressed only in a corresponding receptacle of the second fixed contact. With knife contact switches, both very high continuous thermal currents and very high dynamic current surges can be switched. Due to the fact that the blade is pressed in during the switch-on process and the contacts are pulled apart during the switch-off process, friction causes relatively high wear. Compared with switches of the former design, blade contact switches have a comparatively short life.

Ein Schalter der eingangs genannten Art ist in DE 10 2006 008480 B4 als aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt beschrieben. Diese Druckschrift nennt auch das Problem, dass es insbesondere bei hohen Strompulsen und dem daraus resultierenden Abheben der Kontaktbrücke zur Entstehung von Lichtbögen kommen kann, die sowohl die Festkontakte als auch die bewegliche Kontaktbrücke zerstören. Die DE 10 2006 008480 B4 schlägt daher vor, die Kontaktbrücke U-förmig bzw. topfförmig auszugestalten, wobei die Kontaktbrücke im eingeschalteten Zustand rechtwinklig abstehende Fortsätze der beiden Festkontakte umschließt. Die Fortsätze der beiden Festkontakte sind federnd ausgebildet und drücken im eingeschaltenen Zustand von innen nach außen gegen die topfförmig ausgestaltete Kontaktbrücke. Durch Strompulse erzeugte magnetische Felder verstärken bei dieser Bauweise den Anpressdruck zwischen Festkontakten und Kontaktbrücke. Ein Abheben der Kontaktbrücke wird dadurch also vermieden. Jedoch sind die federnd ausgestalteten Fortsätze der beiden Festkontakte im ausgeschalteten Zustand nach außen gespreizt, so dass es beim Schließen und Öffnen des Schalters aufgrund von Reibung zu einem Verschleiß von Kontaktbrücke und Festkontaktfortsätzen kommt, wodurch die Lebensdauer des aus DE 10 2006 008480 B4 bekannten Schalters auch relativ gering ist.A switch of the type mentioned is in DE 10 2006 008480 B4 as described in the prior art. This document also mentions the problem that, in particular with high current pulses and the resulting lifting of the contact bridge, arcing may occur, which destroy both the fixed contacts and the movable contact bridge. The DE 10 2006 008480 B4 Therefore proposes to design the contact bridge U-shaped or pot-shaped, wherein the contact bridge in the on state encloses projections of the two fixed contacts projecting at right angles. The extensions of the two fixed contacts are resilient and press in the on state from the inside outwards against the cup-shaped contact bridge. Magnetic fields generated by current pulses amplify this Construction of the contact pressure between fixed contacts and contact bridge. A lifting of the contact bridge is thus avoided. However, the resiliently configured extensions of the two fixed contacts in the off state are spread outwards, so that it comes when closing and opening the switch due to friction to wear of contact bridge and Festkontaktfortsätzen, whereby the life of DE 10 2006 008480 B4 known switch is also relatively low.

Aus DE 1540490 A1 ist eine druckgasisolierte Hochspannungsschaltanlage bekannt. Die Mechanik zur Betätigung der Kontaktbrücke der Schaltanlage ist nach Art einer Hebebühne ausgebildet. Die Betätigung erfolgt mittels eines Spindelantriebs.Out DE 1540490 A1 is a pressure gas insulated high voltage switchgear known. The mechanism for actuating the contact bridge of the switchgear is designed in the manner of a lift. The actuation takes place by means of a spindle drive.

Die AT 143521 B beschreibt einen Hochstromschalter, der über zwei Kontaktbrücken verfügt, zwischen welchen sich die Festkontakte befinden. Beide Kontaktbrücken sind mit Kontaktdruckfedern ausgestattet.The AT 143521 B describes a high-current switch, which has two contact bridges between which the fixed contacts are located. Both contact bridges are equipped with contact pressure springs.

Aus DE 19859199 C1 ist ein Trennschalter bekannt, der ebenfalls über zwei Kontaktbrücken verfügt. Auch bei diesem Trennschalter sind Kontaktdruckfedern vorgesehen.Out DE 19859199 C1 is a circuit breaker known, which also has two contact bridges. Also in this circuit breaker contact pressure springs are provided.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Hochstromschalter bereitzustellen, der für thermische Dauerströme von etwa 800 Ampere und Stoßströme bis ca. 85 kA geeignet ist und gleichzeitig eine hohe Lebensdauer aufweist.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a high-current switch, which is suitable for continuous thermal currents of about 800 amperes and surge currents up to about 85 kA and at the same time has a long service life.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1. Demnach liegt dann eine erfindungsgemäße Lösung der Aufgabe vor, wenn zwei bewegliche Kontaktbrücken vorgesehen sind, wobei die beiden Festkontakte jeweils an einem Ende der Kontaktbrücken zwischen den beiden Kontaktbrücken angeordnet sind, und wobei die Zustellvorrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, die beiden Kontaktbrücken von einer geöffneten Stellung, in der die beiden Festkontakte nicht miteinander verbunden sind, in eine geschlossene Stellung zu überführen, in der die beiden Festkontakte durch beide Kontaktbrücken elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Kontaktbrücken in der geschlossenen Stellung durch die Zustellvorrichtung gegeneinander auf die Festkontakte gepresst werden, wobei die Steifigkeit der Kontaktbrücken und der Zustellvorrichtung in Richtung der Presskraft einem Wert von mindestens 50.000 kNmm2 entspricht, und wobei die niedrigste Eigenfrequenz des Systems bestehend aus Kontaktbrücken und Zustellvorrichtung in Richtung der Presskraft größer als 2000 Hz ist. Kontaktbrücken und Zustellvorrichtung sind dadurch ausreichend steif, um die erforderlichen hohen Anpresskräfte übertragen zu können, die ein Abheben der Kontaktbrücke bei großen Stoßströmen mit Stromstärken bis ca. 85 kA verhindern. Durch die erfindungsgemäße niedrigste Eigenfrequenz des Systems bestehend aus Kontaktbrücken und Zustellvorrichtung von mindestens 2000 Hz ist sichergestellt, dass es nicht zu einer Resonanzkatastrophe kommen kann. Mögliche Erregerfequenzen liegen bei denkbaren Anwendungsfällen unter 2000 Hz. Das gesamte System bestehend aus Kontaktbrücken und Zustellvorrichtung ist als starr und somit als federlos zu betrachten. Dies bedeutet nicht, dass Einzelteile der Zustellvorrichtung oder auch der Kontaktbrücken, die nicht direkt an der Kraftübertragung beteiligt sind, nicht auch geringere Steifigkeitswerte aufweisen können. So z.B. Beilagscheiben, die in gewissen Baugruppen der Zustellvorrichtung oder der Kontaktbrücken verbaut sein können. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromschalter ist die Aufbringung besonders großer Anpresskräfte möglich.The object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1. Accordingly, then there is a solution according to the invention, if two movable contact bridges are provided, wherein the two fixed contacts are each arranged at one end of the contact bridges between the two contact bridges, and wherein the feed device is adapted to transfer the two contact bridges of an open position in which the two fixed contacts are not connected to each other in a closed position in which the two fixed contacts are electrically connected to each other by both contact bridges, wherein the contact bridges in the closed position the feed device against each other are pressed onto the fixed contacts, wherein the stiffness of the contact bridges and the delivery device in the direction of the pressing force corresponds to a value of at least 50,000 kNmm 2 , and wherein the lowest natural frequency of the system consisting of cont aktbrücken and feed device in the direction of the pressing force is greater than 2000 Hz. Contact bridges and delivery device are thus sufficiently rigid to transmit the required high contact forces, which prevent lifting of the contact bridge at high surge currents with currents up to about 85 kA. Due to the lowest natural frequency of the system according to the invention consisting of contact bridges and delivery device of at least 2000 Hz ensures that a resonance catastrophe can not occur. Possible excitation sequences are in conceivable applications below 2000 Hz. The entire system consisting of contact bridges and delivery device is to be regarded as rigid and thus as a springless. This does not mean that individual parts of the feed device or of the contact bridges, which are not directly involved in the transmission, can not also have lower stiffness values. For example, washers that can be installed in certain assemblies of the delivery device or the contact bridges. In the high-current switch according to the invention, the application of particularly large contact forces is possible.

Sofern es zu einem Stromstoß kommt, wird die Verbindung zwischen Festkontakt und Kontaktbrücke, die durch die Presskraft der Zustellvorrichtung aufrecht erhalten wird, zeitweise entlastet, ohne dass es zu einem Abheben der Kontaktbrücke kommt. Festkontakte und Kontaktbrücke sehen lediglich eine leichte zeitweilige Verformung. Die aufgrund der großen Stromstärke hervorgerufenen magnetischen Kräfte werden von der Kontaktbrücke und der Zustellvorrichtung absorbiert und vollständig in Wärme umgewandelt. Einen besonders großen Vorteil gegenüber herkömmlichen Messerschaltern bietet die weitaus höhere Lebensdauer des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromschalters.If there is a surge, the connection between the fixed contact and contact bridge, which is maintained by the pressing force of the delivery device, temporarily relieved, without causing a lifting of the contact bridge. Fixed contacts and contact bridge see only a slight temporary deformation. The magnetic forces due to the large current are absorbed by the contact bridge and the delivery device and completely converted into heat. A particularly great advantage over conventional blade switches offers the much longer life of the high-current switch according to the invention.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung werden die beiden Kontaktbrücken mit derselben Kraft gegen die Festkontakte gepresst, so dass die resultierende Kraft auf die Lagerung der beiden Festkontakte gegen Null geht. Die Festkontakte müssen daher nicht besonders stabil im Gehäuse des Hochstromschalters gelagert sein. Eine Zerstörung des Schalters aufgrund besonders hoher Anpresskräfte wird somit vermieden.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two contact bridges are pressed with the same force against the fixed contacts, so that the resulting force on the storage of the two fixed contacts goes to zero. The fixed contacts must therefore not be stored very stable in the housing of the high-current switch. Destruction of the switch due to particularly high contact pressure is thus avoided.

In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Zustellvorrichtung so dimensioniert, dass die die Kontaktbrücken in der geschlossenen Stellung jeweils mit einer Kraft von mindestens 500 N auf die beiden Festkontakte gepresst werden. Dadurch wird ein Abheben der Kontaktbrücke bei Stoßströmen von mehr als 35 kA vermieden.In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed device is dimensioned such that the contact bridges in the closed position are each pressed with a force of at least 500 N on the two fixed contacts. This avoids lifting of the contact bridge at surge currents of more than 35 kA.

In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst die Zustellvorrichtung einen Spindelantrieb, um die Kontaktbrücken von der geöffneten Stellung in die geschlossene Stellung zu überführen und nach Art einer Schraubklemme auf die Festkontakte zu pressen. Diese Ausführungsform ermöglicht die Aufbringung sehr großer Anpresskräfte bei gleichzeitig sehr einfachem Aufbau des Hochstromschalters. Um große Anpresskräfte zu erzeugen, sind alternativ auch alle möglichen Arten von Getrieben, beispielsweise Keilgetriebe oder dergleichen, denkbar.In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed device comprises a spindle drive to transfer the contact bridges from the open position to the closed position and to press in the manner of a screw on the fixed contacts. This embodiment allows the application very large contact forces with at the same time very simple construction of the high-current switch. In order to generate large contact forces, all kinds of transmissions, for example wedge gears or the like, are also conceivable.

Vorzugsweise ist eine Spindel des Spindelantriebs drehbar an einem Gehäuse des Hochstromschalters gelagert, wobei die Spindel zwischen den beiden Festkontakten und senkrecht zur Längserstreckung der Kontaktbrücken angeordnet ist. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird nur eine Spindel benötigt, um an beiden Festkontakten eine gleichmäßig verteilte Anpresskraft zu erzeugen. Dieser Aufbau ist besonders einfach und lässt überdies eine kostengünstige Fertigung zu.Preferably, a spindle of the spindle drive is rotatably mounted on a housing of the high-current switch, wherein the spindle is arranged between the two fixed contacts and perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the contact bridges. In this embodiment, only one spindle is required to produce a uniformly distributed contact force on both fixed contacts. This structure is particularly simple and also allows a cost-effective production.

Weiter vorzugsweise weist die Spindel zwei gegenläufige Gewinde auf, wobei die gegenläufigen Gewinde jeweils mit einer der beiden Kontaktbrücken in Eingriff stehen. So können auf einfache Art und Weise zwei Kontaktbrücken von einer geöffneten Stellung, in der die beiden Kontaktbrücken die Festkontakte nicht berühren, in eine geschlossene Stellung gebracht werden, in der die beiden Kontaktbrücken jeweils beide Festkontakte miteinander verbinden. Beispielsweise können sich die beiden Kontaktbrücken bei einer Drehung der Spindel im Uhrzeigersinn gegeneinander auf die Festkontakte zubewegen, wobei eine Drehung der Spindel gegen den Uhrzeigersinn bewirkt, dass sich die beiden Kontaktbrücken wieder von den Festkontakten entfernen.Further preferably, the spindle has two opposing threads, wherein the opposing threads are each in engagement with one of the two contact bridges. Thus, in a simple manner, two contact bridges can be brought from an open position, in which the two contact bridges do not touch the fixed contacts, into a closed position in which the two contact bridges each connect both fixed contacts to one another. For example, the two contact bridges can move towards each other on a clockwise rotation of the spindle against the fixed contacts, wherein a rotation of the spindle counterclockwise causes the two contact bridges to move away from the fixed contacts again.

Weiter vorzugsweise ist die Spindel unter einem gewissen Spiel axial verschieblich am Gehäuse gelagert. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass die beiden Kontaktbrücken gleichmäßig gegen die Festkontakte gedrückt werden. Bauteiltoleranzen können dazu führen, dass eine der beiden Kontaktbrücken bei axial unverschieblich gelagerter Spindel die Festkontakte beim Schaltvorgang eher erreicht als die zweite Kontaktbrücke. Dies hätte zur Folge, dass auf die Festkontakte ein Biegemoment wirkt, wodurch die Lager der beiden Festkontakte bei jedem Schaltvorgang belastet werden. Darunter würde die Lebensdauer des Schalters leiden. Das axiale Spiel der Spindel muss selbstverständlich geringer sein als der Verfahrweg der Kontaktbrücken zwischen der geöffneten Stellung und der geschlossenen Stellung.Further preferably, the spindle is mounted axially displaceable on the housing under a certain play. This ensures that the two contact bridges are pressed evenly against the fixed contacts. Component tolerances can lead to one of the two contact bridges with axially non-displaceably mounted spindle, the fixed contacts during switching achieved sooner than the second contact bridge. This would mean that a bending moment acts on the fixed contacts, as a result of which the bearings of the two fixed contacts are loaded during each switching operation. This would affect the life of the switch. The axial play of the spindle must of course be less than the travel of the contact bridges between the open position and the closed position.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht zwischen der Kontaktbrücke und dem Gehäuse des Hochstromschalters zumindest eine Gleitführung. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, dass die Kontaktbrücken sicher und problemlos geschlossen bzw. geöffnet werden können.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one sliding guide exists between the contact bridge and the housing of the high-current switch. This ensures that the contact bridges can be safely and easily closed or opened.

Vorzugsweise umfasst die Kontaktbrücke an beiden Enden jeweils ein um 90 Grad abgewinkeltes Gleitführungselement. Dadurch wird eine äußerst präzise Führung der Kontaktbrücke an einem entsprechenden Bauteil des Gehäuses ermöglicht, wobei diese Ausführungsform darüber hinaus sehr kostengünstig realisierbar ist.Preferably, the contact bridge comprises at both ends in each case a 90 ° angled sliding guide element. This results in a very precise guidance of the contact bridge allows on a corresponding component of the housing, this embodiment is also very inexpensive to implement.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Zustellvorrichtung hydraulisch angetrieben. Mittels Hydraulik lassen sich sehr hohe Anpresskräfte erzielen. Eine hydraulische Zustellvorrichtung ist auch starr im vorgenannten Sinn.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed device is hydraulically driven. By means of hydraulics very high pressure forces can be achieved. A hydraulic feed device is also rigid in the aforementioned sense.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung handelt es sich bei dem Hochstromschalter um einen Wechselstromschalter, wobei die niedrigste Eigenfrequenz des Systems bestehend aus Kontaktbrücken und Zustellvorrichtung, in Richtung der Presskraft größer ist als die Wechselstromfrequenz. Wenn durch den Hochstromschalter ein Wechselstrom mit großer Stormstärke fließt, so werden im Bereich des Kontakts zwischen den Festkontakten und der Kontaktbrücke Wechselmagnetfelder erzeugt, und zwar mit der Frequenz des Wechselstroms. Liegt die Wechselstromfrequenz im Bereich einer Resonanzfrequenz des Systems bestehend aus Kontaktbrücken und Zustellvorrichtung, so wird dieses System zu Schwingungen angeregt. Dabei kann es zur Resonanzkatastrophe kommen. Die Folge wäre ein periodisches Abheben der Kontaktbrücke und die Entstehung eines Lichtbogens zwischen Kontaktbrücke und Festkontakt. Wenn aber der Schalter gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform so ausgelegt wird, dass die Eigenfrequenz des Systems bestehend aus Kontaktbrücken und Zustellvorrichtung in Richtung der Presskraft größer ist als die Wechselstromfrequenz, so wird gerade diese Schwingungsanregung vermieden.In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high current switch is an AC switch, wherein the lowest natural frequency of the system consisting of contact bridges and feed device, in the direction of the pressing force is greater than the AC frequency. When an alternating current with high current strength flows through the high current switch, alternating magnetic fields are generated in the area of the contact between the fixed contacts and the contact bridge, with the frequency of the alternating current. If the AC frequency is in the range of a resonant frequency of the system consisting of contact bridges and feed device, this system is excited to vibrate. This can lead to a resonance disaster. The result would be a periodic lifting of the contact bridge and the formation of an arc between contact bridge and fixed contact. But if the switch according to the preferred embodiment is designed so that the natural frequency of the system consisting of contact bridges and feed device in the direction of the pressing force is greater than the AC frequency, just this vibration excitation is avoided.

Die Kontaktflächen der Festkontakte und der Kontaktbrücken bestehen vorzugsweise aus Silber. Da Silber sehr weich ist, wird aufgrund des Anpressdrucks zwischen den Festkontakten und der Kontaktbrücke ein sehr guter Flächenkontakt erzielt.The contact surfaces of the fixed contacts and the contact bridges are preferably made of silver. Since silver is very soft, a very good surface contact is achieved due to the contact pressure between the fixed contacts and the contact bridge.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen.

Figur 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromschalter in Schrägansicht in einer geschlossenen Stellung und
Figur 2
den erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromschalter aus Figur 1 in geöffneter Stellung.
An embodiment of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it.
FIG. 1
a high-current switch according to the invention in an oblique view in a closed position and
FIG. 2
the high-current switch according to the invention FIG. 1 in open position.

Für die folgenden Ausführungen gilt, dass gleiche Teile durch gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind.For the following statements applies that the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromschalters 1 in geschlossener Stellung (Figur 1) bzw. geöffneter Stellung (Figur 2).The FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a high-current switch 1 according to the invention in the closed position ( FIG. 1 ) or open position ( FIG. 2 ).

Das Gehäuse 6 des erfindungsgemäßen Hochstromschalters 1 ist teilweise geöffnet dargestellt, um einen Einblick in das Innenleben des Schalters zu gewähren.The housing 6 of the high-current switch 1 according to the invention is shown partially open to allow an insight into the interior of the switch.

Der Schalter umfasst einen linken ersten Festkontakt 2 und einen rechten zweiten Festkontakt 3. Die beiden Festkontakte 2 und 3 sind beabstandet voneinander in dem Gehäuse 6 des Schalters 1 gelagert, wobei jeweils ein Ende der Festkontakte 2 bzw. 3 aus dem Gehäuse 6 hervorsteht. An diesem Ende befindet sich jeweils ein elektrischer Anschluss 9, um den Schalter 1 in den zu schaltenden Stromkreis integrieren zu können.The switch comprises a left first fixed contact 2 and a right second fixed contact 3. The two fixed contacts 2 and 3 are spaced apart from each other in the housing 6 of the switch 1, wherein in each case one end of the fixed contacts 2 and 3 protrudes from the housing 6. At this end there is in each case an electrical connection 9 in order to be able to integrate the switch 1 in the circuit to be switched.

In der in Figur 1 gezeigten geschlossenen Stellung des Schalters 1 sind die beiden Festkontakte 2 und 3 über die beiden Kontaktbrücken 4 elektrisch miteinander verbunden. Jede der beiden Kontaktbrücken 4 umfaßt als Stromleiter einen rechteckigen Kupferstab 43, an dessen beiden Enden eine erste Kontaktfläche 41 bzw. eine zweite Kontaktfläche 42 angeordnet sind. Die Kontaktflächen 41 und 42 sind lediglich in Figur 2 bezeichnet. Die Figur 2 zeigt ebenfalls, dass der erste Festkontakt an seinem im Inneren des Gehäuses 6 liegenden Ende sowohl auf seiner Oberseite als auch auf seiner Unterseite eine Kontaktfläche 21 aufweist. Ebenso umfaßt auch der rechte zweite Festkontakt 3 zwei derartige Kontaktflächen 31. Im geschlossenen Zustand des Schalters, der in Figur 1 dargestellt ist, liegt die erste Kontaktfläche 41 der beiden Brücken 4 plan an jeweils einer Kontaktfläche 21 des ersten Festkontaktes 2 an. Die zweite Kontaktfläche 42 der Brücken 4 kontaktiert jeweils eine Kontaktfläche 31 des zweiten Festkontaktes 3.In the in FIG. 1 shown closed position of the switch 1, the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 are electrically connected to each other via the two contact bridges 4. Each of the two contact bridges 4 comprises as a conductor a rectangular copper rod 43, at both ends of which a first contact surface 41 and a second contact surface 42 are arranged. The contact surfaces 41 and 42 are only in FIG. 2 designated. The FIG. 2 also shows that the first fixed contact at its lying in the interior of the housing 6 end has a contact surface 21 both on its upper side and on its underside. Similarly, the right second fixed contact 3 includes two such contact surfaces 31. In the closed state of the switch, the in FIG. 1 is shown, the first contact surface 41 of the two bridges 4 is flat against in each case a contact surface 21 of the first fixed contact 2. The second contact surface 42 of the bridges 4 each contacts a contact surface 31 of the second fixed contact 3.

Senkrecht zur Längserstreckung der beiden Kontaktbrücken 4 ist mittig zwischen den beiden Festkontakten 2 und 3 eine Spindel 5 angeordnet, die drehbar am Gehäuse 6 gelagert ist. Die Spindel 5 ist dazu vorgesehen, den Schalter zu betätigen, bzw. die beiden Kontaktbrücken 4 beim Einschaltvorgang auf die Festkontakte 2 und 3 zuzubewegen und gegeneinander auf die Festkontakte 2 und 3 zu pressen und die beiden Kontaktbrücken 4 beim Ausschaltvorgang von den beiden Festkontakten 2 und 3 wegzubewegen. Die Spindel 5 umfasst dazu zwei Gewindeabschnitte 51 und 52, die über eine fest mit der Kontaktbrücke 4 verbundene Mutter 8 jeweils mit einer der beiden Kontaktbrücken 4 in Eingriff stehen. Die beiden Gewindeabschnitte 51 und 52 sind gegenläufig ausgeführt, so dass eine Drehung der Gewindespindel 5 gegen den Uhrzeigersinn bewirkt, dass die beiden Kontaktbrücken in Richtung der beiden Festkontakte 2 und 3 aufeinander zubewegt werden. Eine Drehung der Spindel 5 im Uhrzeigersinn bewirkt, dass sich die beiden Kontaktbrücken voneinander entfernen und die Verbindung der beiden Festkontakte 2 und 3 gelöst wird. Zur Führung der Kontaktbrücken am Gehäuse 6 umfassen die Kontaktbrücken an ihren beiden Enden jeweils ein Gleitführungselement 7. Das Gleitführungselement 7 ist ein Stahlblechbauteil, das auf den Kupferstab 43 der Brücke 4 aufgeschraubt ist und am jeweiligen Ende der Kontaktbrücke 4 im rechten Winkel absteht. Der abstehende Schenkel des Gleitführungselements 7 verläuft somit parallel zur Achse der Spindel 5. Die abstehenden Schenkel der Gleitführungselemente 7 werden an Gleitführungsblöcken 61 des Gehäuses 6 geführt. Die Führungsflächen der Gleitblöcke 61 verlaufen ebenfalls parallel zur Achse der Spindel 5.Perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the two contact bridges 4, a spindle 5 is arranged centrally between the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 and is rotatably mounted on the housing 6. The spindle 5 is provided to actuate the switch, and move the two contact bridges 4 during the switching on the fixed contacts 2 and 3 and press against each other on the fixed contacts 2 and 3 and the two contact bridges 4 during the switching operation of the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 away. For this purpose, the spindle 5 comprises two threaded sections 51 and 52, which in each case engage with one of the two contact bridges 4 via a nut 8 permanently connected to the contact bridge 4. The two threaded portions 51 and 52 are designed in opposite directions, so that a rotation of the threaded spindle 5 causes counterclockwise that the two contact bridges in the direction of the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 are moved towards each other. A clockwise rotation of the spindle 5 causes the two contact bridges to move away from each other and the connection of the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 to be released. To guide the contact bridges on the housing 6, the contact bridges each comprise a sliding guide element 7 at its two ends. The sliding guide element 7 is a sheet steel component which is screwed onto the copper rod 43 of the bridge 4 and protrudes at right angles at the respective end of the contact bridge 4. The protruding leg of the Gleitführungselements 7 thus extends parallel to the axis of the spindle 5. The protruding legs of the Gleitführungselemente 7 are guided on Gleitführungsblöcken 61 of the housing 6. The guide surfaces of the slide blocks 61 are also parallel to the axis of the spindle fifth

Da die Bewegungsrichtung der beiden Kontaktbrücken 4 senkrecht zu den Kontaktflächen 21 bzw. 31 der beiden Festkontakte 2 und 3 verläuft, tritt zwischen den Kontaktflächen 41 und 42 der Kontaktbrücken 4 und den Kontaktflächen 21 und 31 der Festkontakte 2 und 3 beim Öffnen und Schließen des Schalters keine bzw. allenfalls eine sehr geringe Reibung auf.Since the direction of movement of the two contact bridges 4 is perpendicular to the contact surfaces 21 and 31 of the two fixed contacts 2 and 3, occurs between the contact surfaces 41 and 42 of the contact bridges 4 and the contact surfaces 21 and 31 of the fixed contacts 2 and 3 during opening and closing of the switch no or at most a very low friction.

Der erfindungsgemäße Schalter 1 hat daher eine weitaus größere Lebensdauer als vergleichbare Messerkontaktschalter. Die Kontaktflächen 21, 31, 41 und 42 bestehen aus Silber. Silber leitet sehr gut und ist zudem relativ weich, wodurch sich auch bei geringen Anpresskräften zwischen Kontaktbrücke und Festkontakt eine sehr gute Kontaktierung ergibt.The switch 1 according to the invention therefore has a much longer service life than comparable blade contact switches. The contact surfaces 21, 31, 41 and 42 are made of silver. Silver conducts very well and is also relatively soft, resulting in a very good contact even with low contact forces between contact bridge and fixed contact.

Nicht gezeigt ist der Antrieb der Spindel 5, der beispielsweise in einem Elektromotor bestehen kann. Durch den Spindelantrieb ist auch bei einem geringen Motordrehmoment eine hohe Anpresskraft realisierbar, mit welcher die Kontaktbrücken 4 auf die innen liegenden Enden der Festkontakte 2 und 3 gepresst werden. Um Bauteiltoleranzen auszugleichen, ist die Gewindespindel 5 unter einem gewissen Spiel axial verschieblich am Gehäuse 6 des Schalters 1 gelagert. Dadurch werden die beiden Kontaktbrücken 4 bei geschlossenem Schalter gleichmäßig gegen die beiden Festkontakte 2 und 3 gepresst.Not shown is the drive of the spindle 5, which may for example consist of an electric motor. By the spindle drive a high contact pressure can be realized even with a low motor torque, with which the contact bridges 4 are pressed onto the inner ends of the fixed contacts 2 and 3. To compensate for component tolerances, the threaded spindle 5 is mounted axially displaceable under a certain play on the housing 6 of the switch 1. As a result, the two contact bridges 4 are pressed uniformly against the two fixed contacts 2 and 3 with the switch closed.

Claims (10)

  1. A high-current switch (1) comprising a first fixed contact (2), a second fixed contact (3) spaced apart from the first fixed contact, at least one contact bridge (4) that is movable relative to the two fixed contacts, and a non-resilient advancing device for transferring the contact bridge from an open position, in which the two fixed contacts are not connected to one another, to a closed position, in which the contact bridge electrically connects the two fixed contacts to one another, the advancing device being also provided for pressing the contact bridge in the closed position against the two fixed contacts, characterized in that two movable contact bridges (4) are provided, wherein each of the two fixed contacts is arranged at a respective end of the contact bridges between the two contact bridges, and wherein the advancing device is configured for transferring the two contact bridges from an open position, in which the two fixed contacts are not connected to one another, to a closed position, in which the two fixed contacts are electrically connected to one another by both contact bridges, wherein the contact bridges are pressed by the advancing device against one another onto the fixed contacts in the closed position, wherein the stiffness of the contact bridges and of the advancing device corresponds to a value of at least 50,000 kNmm2 in the direction of the pressing force, and wherein the lowest natural frequency of the system, which consists of the contact bridges and the advancing device, is higher than 2,000 Hz in the direction of the pressing force.
  2. The high-current switch (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the advancing device is dimensioned such that, in the closed position, each of the contact bridges is pressed onto the two fixed contacts with a force of at least 500 N.
  3. The high-current switch (1) according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the advancing device comprises a spindle drive for transferring the contact bridges from the open position to the closed position and pressing them, like a screw terminal, onto the fixed contacts.
  4. The high-current switch (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that a spindle (5) of the spindle drive is rotatably supported on a housing (6) of the high-current switch (1), the spindle being arranged between the two fixed contacts and perpendicular to the longitudinal dimensions of the contact bridges.
  5. The high-current switch (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the spindle (5) has two threads (51, 52) threaded in opposite directions, each of these oppositely threaded threads being in engagement with one of the two contact bridges.
  6. The high-current switch (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the spindle (5) is supported on the housing (6) such that it is axially displaceable with a certain amount of play.
  7. The high-current switch (1) according to one of the claims 3 to 6, characterized in that at least one sliding guide is provided between the contact bridge (4) and the housing (6) of the high-current switch (1).
  8. The high-current switch (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the contact bridge (4) comprises on each of its two ends a 90°-offset sliding guide element (7).
  9. The high-current switch (1) according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the advancing device is hydraulically driven.
  10. The high-current switch (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the high-current switch is an AC switch, wherein the lowest natural frequency of the system consisting of the contact bridges and the advancing device is higher than the AC frequency in the direction of the pressing force.
EP12751004.8A 2011-11-18 2012-08-10 High-current switch Not-in-force EP2780920B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12751004T PL2780920T3 (en) 2011-11-18 2012-08-10 High-current switch

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110118894 DE102011118894B3 (en) 2011-11-18 2011-11-18 High current switch
PCT/EP2012/003430 WO2013071987A1 (en) 2011-11-18 2012-08-10 High-current switch

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2780920A1 EP2780920A1 (en) 2014-09-24
EP2780920B1 true EP2780920B1 (en) 2015-10-14

Family

ID=46750276

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12751004.8A Not-in-force EP2780920B1 (en) 2011-11-18 2012-08-10 High-current switch

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US20140353136A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2780920B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5935194B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20140093718A (en)
CN (1) CN104170039A (en)
AU (1) AU2012339237B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112014011926A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2855813A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102011118894B3 (en)
ES (1) ES2553858T3 (en)
IN (1) IN2014CN04399A (en)
PL (1) PL2780920T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2583763C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2013071987A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201403949B (en)

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DE102016214368B4 (en) * 2016-08-03 2018-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contact arrangement for a high voltage switchgear and its use and manufacture
WO2019181469A1 (en) * 2018-03-20 2019-09-26 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Circuit interrupter
CN108933065A (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-12-04 国网山东省电力公司滨州市沾化区供电公司 A kind of dc circuit breaker separating brake structure
DE102019209745B4 (en) 2019-07-03 2021-02-11 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Electrical switching system and circuit breaker
NL2027363B1 (en) * 2021-01-21 2022-08-05 Spirit Aerosys Inc Resistance welding methods and apparatus
CN112786340B (en) * 2021-02-03 2023-05-12 国网山西省电力公司长治供电公司 High-voltage outdoor isolating switch contact
CN115692050B (en) * 2022-09-07 2023-08-15 中国科学院电工研究所 Switching mechanism of pulse high-current switching device
CN115910638B (en) * 2022-09-07 2023-11-14 中国科学院电工研究所 High-current loop on-off switching mechanism
CN115798948B (en) * 2022-09-07 2023-11-14 中国科学院电工研究所 Pulse heavy current return circuit break-make conversion equipment

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2583763C2 (en) 2016-05-10
ZA201403949B (en) 2015-08-26
AU2012339237A1 (en) 2014-06-19
CN104170039A (en) 2014-11-26
EP2780920A1 (en) 2014-09-24
PL2780920T3 (en) 2016-03-31
BR112014011926A2 (en) 2017-05-30
JP2015502004A (en) 2015-01-19
KR20140093718A (en) 2014-07-28
WO2013071987A1 (en) 2013-05-23
AU2012339237B2 (en) 2015-02-19
DE102011118894B3 (en) 2013-01-31
RU2014121678A (en) 2015-12-27
US20140353136A1 (en) 2014-12-04
IN2014CN04399A (en) 2015-09-04
JP5935194B2 (en) 2016-06-15
CA2855813A1 (en) 2013-05-23
ES2553858T3 (en) 2015-12-14

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