EP0047355B1 - Contact device for low-voltage switch gears, particularly contactors - Google Patents

Contact device for low-voltage switch gears, particularly contactors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0047355B1
EP0047355B1 EP81102806A EP81102806A EP0047355B1 EP 0047355 B1 EP0047355 B1 EP 0047355B1 EP 81102806 A EP81102806 A EP 81102806A EP 81102806 A EP81102806 A EP 81102806A EP 0047355 B1 EP0047355 B1 EP 0047355B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
making device
bridge
members
pieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81102806A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0047355A2 (en
EP0047355A3 (en
Inventor
Helmut Lemmer
Kurt Breidenbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Square D Starkstrom GmbH
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Square D Starkstrom GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Square D Starkstrom GmbH filed Critical Square D Starkstrom GmbH
Priority to AT81102806T priority Critical patent/ATE15294T1/en
Priority to CA000384256A priority patent/CA1171896A/en
Priority to AU74472/81A priority patent/AU538765B2/en
Priority to ES505057A priority patent/ES8206083A1/en
Priority to BR8105610A priority patent/BR8105610A/en
Priority to DK391581A priority patent/DK391581A/en
Priority to NO813016A priority patent/NO156770C/en
Publication of EP0047355A2 publication Critical patent/EP0047355A2/en
Publication of EP0047355A3 publication Critical patent/EP0047355A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0047355B1 publication Critical patent/EP0047355B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2083—Bridging contact surfaces directed at an oblique angle with respect to the movement of the bridge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a contact device for low-voltage switching devices, in particular contactors, with two fixed contact rails provided with first contact pieces and with a contact bridge arranged in a contact bridge holder and having a flexible, electrically conductive connector, which is held in a recess in the contact bridge holder and is in contact with it can be brought to the first contact pieces, is provided with the flexible connector firmly connected second contact pieces, in the area of which a contact compression spring is arranged.
  • Such a contact device is known from DE-C-957 411.
  • Contact devices of the type commonly used in practice so far are known, for example, from BE-B-25 25 467, CH-A-247 323 and CH-A-451 288.
  • the contact bridges consist of solid rails, in the middle of which a single contact pressure spring acts.
  • Trying movements of the massive contact bridge with the movable contact pieces or rolling movements of the movable contact pieces on the fixed contact pieces have attempted to master the problem of the contact pieces burning.
  • a disadvantage of all of these known contact devices is that a relatively large moving mass of the contact bridge with the movable contact pieces is present.
  • a contact device of the type mentioned at the beginning is known from DE-C-957 411.
  • the contact bridge has a flexible metallic connector, at the ends of which the movable second contact pieces are connected, these contact pieces cannot move freely, because the contact bridge additionally has a scissor-shaped component which consists of two scissor arms arranged pivotably about an axis exists, the outer ends of which are also connected to the movable second contact pieces, for example by pushing on pipe pieces which are firmly connected to the contact pieces.
  • These scissor arms with the swivel axis and with the tubular connecting pieces to the contact pieces form part of the mass moved during switching.
  • This known design of the contact bridge means, on the one hand, a large amount of production and material. Furthermore, because of the overall large moving mass, the bouncing of the contacts cannot be prevented; rather, a bouncing of the bumps is particularly to be expected here. Furthermore, since the movable second contact pieces are forcibly guided by their connection to the ends of the scissor arms, the contact pieces, despite the current-conducting flexible metallic connector, cannot carry out their own movement to adapt to the position of the fixed contact pieces, i.e. it is not possible to achieve good adaptability of the movable contact pieces to the position of the fixed contact pieces.
  • a leaf spring-like metal strip is known from DE-C-689 356, which is to be used in particular for contact bridges of electrical switching devices. This is about the contact block fastening of the two contact blocks at the ends of the metal strip. The contact surface of each contact block is curved and the end of the spring is clamped onto this curved surface by pressing around the U-profile-like design of the contact blocks. There is no description of the manner in which the contact bridges are to be used in the electrical switching devices and the purpose of the flexibility of the leaf spring.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a wine contact device in which a weight and thus material savings are achieved, at the same time the switch-on bounce of the contact is reduced and good adaptability of the movable contact pieces to the position of the fixed contact pieces is brought about.
  • the object is achieved based on DE-C-957 411 according to the invention in that the contact breaks consist exclusively of the flexible connector and that the second contact pieces loosely between each System of the contact bridge holder and the contact pressure springs are held.
  • the invention has yet another advantage, namely that the movement of the flexible contact breaks between the two movable contact pieces has a damping effect on the switch-on bounce.
  • shading the contacts is prevented. Since one can speak of a bounce-free contact device, the switch-on erosion is negligibly small, which in turn allows a reduction in the size of the contact pieces or the erosion pieces, or a contact life that remains the same has a significantly longer service life.
  • the connector is designed as a strand.
  • the strand is designed as a braided flat or round strand. In this way, a particularly large current-carrying surface of the connector is obtained, so that it can be manufactured with a particularly small amount of material and light weight.
  • a particularly good connection is obtained if the contact piece carriers are connected to their contact pieces and to the ends of the contact bridge by riveting, soldering, hard soldering, welding, spot welding, ultrasonic welding or squeezing.
  • the movable second contact pieces when switching on, the movable second contact pieces first hit the corresponding fixed contact pieces with an outer part of their edge and can then, due to the flexibility of the contact bridge, adapt exactly in terms of area to the surfaces of the fixed contact pieces.
  • contact pressure springs are helical springs, according to patent claim 7.
  • driver ribs are arranged on the contact bridge holder, according to claim 8.
  • the driver ribs help that the contact pieces come into the correct position in the switched-on position, the flexible contact breaks possibly being bent. Further advantageous embodiments result from the dependent claims 9-11.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 show an exemplary embodiment of a contact device according to the invention in a low-voltage switching device in three different switching positions, FIG. 1 shows the switch-off position.
  • the switching device has a lower housing part 1 with a bottom 1 a and two lateral cylindrical recesses 1 b.
  • the lower housing part 1 carries an upper lid-like housing part 2.
  • On raised parts of the bottom 1a there are two mutually opposite contact rails 3 and 4, which are expediently held by lateral guides 1c or groove-like recesses.
  • These contact rails 3, 4 have an outer, essentially horizontal rail part 3a or 4a, a rail part 3b, 4b which is bent obliquely downwards, a subsequent again horizontal rail part 3c, 4c and finally a rail part 3d, 4d bent upwards and outwards .
  • Fixed contact pieces 5, 6 sit on these latter rail parts 3d, 4d. Fixed holding of these fixed contact pieces and the described contact rails takes place once by contact connecting screws 22 which engage in the cylindrical recesses 1b in the screwed-in state with their lower screw bolt ends 22a.
  • the fixed contact rails 3, 4 with the contact pieces 5, 6 are held in their position by simply fitting the housing upper part 2 in an adapted manner.
  • the contact connection screws 22 serve at the same time for screwing electrical connection lines 23 leading to the outside.
  • a contact bridge holder 7 is arranged so as to be vertically displaceable in correspondingly designed lateral guides according to FIG.
  • This contact bridge holder 7 has at its open ends an actuating head 7a, which can either be printed by hand to switch on the contact device, or which can be actuated by a magnet system (not shown) or finally in another manner by machine.
  • Lateral arms 7b are provided on the contact bridge holder, on the outer end pieces 10 of which the upper ends of compression springs 9 on both sides engage. The lower end of each compression spring 9 is inserted in a cylindrical recess 11 in an intermediate wall 12 of the upper housing part 2.
  • a double-sided horizontal arm 8 is also mounted on the contact bridge holder, on the underside of which two lateral contact pressure springs 13, 14 are supported.
  • a contact bridge 18 is guided through a recess 17 running parallel to the image plane according to FIG. 1 in the contact bridge holder 7.
  • This contact bridge 18 is also equipped with contact pieces 20 at its ends.
  • the two contact pieces 20 are each attached to a contact piece carrier 19, which in turn is then connected to the relevant end of the contact bridge 18. This is advantageously done.
  • the fixed connection on the one hand between the contact piece carriers and the contact pieces and on the other hand between the flexible contact bridge and the contact piece supports by riveting, soldering, brazing, welding, spot welding, ultrasonic welding of the crimping, etc.
  • the contact bridge 18 is made from a flexible material, advantageously from the material of a stranded wire.
  • a braided flat or round strand can preferably be selected as the strand, depending on the application and the spatial conditions.
  • the flexible contact bridge can also be constructed from another inherently flexible material, e.g. from current strips running parallel to one another, which are located at suitable points, e.g. are connected to each other in the area of the contact pieces.
  • the lower ends of the two contact pressure springs 13, 14 engage in the area to both ends of the flexible contact bridge in which the contact pieces or intermediate contact piece carriers are located.
  • In the interior of the recess 17 of the contact bridge holder 7 there is also a web 16 running perpendicular to the image plane according to FIG.
  • a driver rib 15 is arranged in the contact bridge holder 7 on both sides near the contact pressure springs 13, 14, which is in the switched-off position according to FIG. 1 at a certain distance above the flexible contact bridge 18 and at the same time above the movable contact pieces 20.
  • a driver rib 15 is shown on the left side for the sake of simplicity. On the other side there is also a corresponding driver rib.
  • the flexible contact bridge 18 is held essentially straight in the contact bridge holder 7 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the fixed contact pieces 5, 6 are also advantageously arranged in planes that run obliquely to the direction of movement of the movable contact pieces 20.
  • the inclined position is expediently chosen such that the fixed contact pieces are directed obliquely upwards towards the outside. This has the following advantages. Due to the inclined position of the fixed contact pieces and the straight or horizontal position of the movable contact pieces on top of each other, it follows that the movable contact pieces are initially placed on a predetermined outer edge on the respective fixed contact piece when switched on.
  • each movable contact piece can inevitably adapt to the inclined position of the fixed contact piece in question.
  • this process takes place in reverse order, ie the contact surfaces of the contacts lying on top of each other Pieces open up to the outer edge without lifting off and without an arc.
  • the contact on the outer edge opens and an arc arises.
  • the contact piece carriers of the fixed and movable contact pieces in the discharge area of the arc are provided with solid arc discharge horns. Since the arc only arises at the outermost predetermined edge of the contact pieces, it is driven by the magnetic lines of force of the fixed contact rails and the quenching chamber plates directly from the above-described erosion area of the contact piece onto the arc discharge horns, where the arc then breaks off at the outermost edge and only here Burning causes.
  • the arcing horns are arranged on the same surface level with the contact pieces and closely connected to them.
  • the distance between the arc discharge horns for the discharge of the arc changes in the most favorable manner, i.e. there is a very small gap when opening and thus a cheap takeover of the arc.
  • the above-described lower switch-off erosion which likewise brings about a reduction in the erosion volume and at the same time an increase in the electrical life of the contact device.
  • the invention also lowers the thermal load on the contact pieces.
  • the predetermined tear-off edge of the arc in the erosion area of the contact pieces causes the remaining contact area to remain free from dirt, erosion craters and soot, which means that the contact areas of the contact pieces always remain clean when switched on and the contact takes place on a perfect contact area between the contact pieces.
  • each circuit there is a relative movement of the contact pieces to one another, so that a certain self-cleaning of the contact surfaces in question is additionally ensured.
  • the invention also has considerable advantages with regard to the electrical switch-on welding safety.
  • the greatly increased electrical welding safety when switched on in comparison to the prior art results from the bounce-free behavior of the movable contact pieces and from the inclination of the fixed contact pieces, including the adaptability of the movable contact pieces to the fixed ones. For example, if a contact is loaded beyond the limit of its switch-on welding strength, it will weld more or less firmly. As a result of the inclined position of the fixed contact pieces, this welding only occurs when the first contact is made on the outer edge.
  • the relevant movable contact piece If the relevant movable contact piece is now moved further in the switch-on direction, it rotates or swivels around the welded outer edge to the predetermined inclined position of the fixed contact piece, which is easily possible due to the flexible design of the contact bridge. Through this rotating or swiveling movement. the welding broke again. The force required for this can easily be applied by the contact pressure spring in question.
  • contact pressure springs 13, 14 are arranged obliquely, preferably at an acute angle, to the direction of movement of the movable contact pieces in the contact bridge carrier 18.
  • the force for breaking the weld can be increased by appropriately inclining the contact pressure springs.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that driving ribs 15 are arranged on the contact bridge holder 7 in such a way that the movable contact pieces are inevitably pivoted through them into the inclined position in accordance with the position of the fixed contact pieces. In this way, the breakup of a weld is also favored, since the driving rib during the switch-on process inevitably presses the welded movable contact piece, possibly with the arc discharge horn, into the inclined position corresponding to the fixed contact piece, and thus a stronger weld can be released again during the switch-on process. This is particularly advantageous for capacitor contactors.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the contact pieces, seen over their area, and / or the arcing horns are made of different erosion material, such that a material with high thermal resistance and a material with good electrical conductivity and low current transfer resistance is selected in the area of the arcing edge. In this way, the thermal load capacity of the contact device can be further increased.
  • Figures 2 and 3 which essentially correspond to Figure 1, show different switching positions compared to Figure 1.
  • the contact bridge support 7 against the spring force of the springs 9 is shifted so far down that the movable contact pieces still held horizontally hit with their outer edge on the fixed oblique contact pieces.
  • the contact bridge carrier 7 is pressed down further, the flexible contact bridge 18 is bent downward by the rib 16 and, moreover, the driving rib 15 comes to rest as shown that the movable contact pieces are inevitably pivoted into the inclined position described above. It is understood that in this switch-on position the contact pressure springs 13, 14 are compressed accordingly.
  • the fixed contact pieces 5 and 6 are arranged in planes perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact pieces 20. Accordingly, the i contact rail parts 3d, 4d of the contact rails 3, 4 are bent into these horizontal planes. As FIG. 5 makes clear, in this case the flexible contact bridge 18 is bent far downward by the rib 16 as soon as the contact pieces meet. This also results in favorable movement conditions.
  • FIG. 6 essentially corresponds to that of FIGS. 1 to 3, but here the contact bridge holder 7 is designed differently and a different holder is provided.
  • the purpose of this design is that the switch-off arc can escape on all sides, since the contact pieces are kept free.
  • this design a form-fitting, simple mounting of the contact piece carriers with their contact pieces at the ends of the flexible contact bridge is possible.
  • contact devices according to the invention can also have a plurality of contact rail pairs and flexible contact bridges, for example lying next to one another perpendicular to the image plane. The same applies to the arrangement of two or more floors one above the other.
  • FIGS 7 and 8 illustrate another embodiment of the invention.
  • the low weight fer flexible contact bridges 18 it is possible due to the low weight fer flexible contact bridges 18 to make them relatively long and accordingly to arrange the fixed contact rails 3, 4 with the fixed contact pieces 5, 6 with such a large distance from one another that the coil 28 of the lower housing 32, which sits on a magnetic core 27, as usual, upwards, without it being necessary to disconnect the entire wiring of the contact device.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Kontaktvorrichtung für Niederspannungsschaltgeräte, insbesondere Schütze, mit zwei feststehenden und mit ersten Kontaktstücken versehenen Kontaktschienen sowie mit einer in einem Kontaktbrückenhalter angeordneten, einen flexiblen, elektrisch leitenden Verbinder aufweisenden Kontaktbrücke, die in einer Ausnehmung des Kontaktbrückenhalters gehalten und mit in Anlage an die ersten Kontaktstücke bringbaren, mit dem flexiblen verbinder fest verbundenen zweiten Kontaktstücken versehen ist, in deren Bereich je eine Kontakt druckfeder angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a contact device for low-voltage switching devices, in particular contactors, with two fixed contact rails provided with first contact pieces and with a contact bridge arranged in a contact bridge holder and having a flexible, electrically conductive connector, which is held in a recess in the contact bridge holder and is in contact with it can be brought to the first contact pieces, is provided with the flexible connector firmly connected second contact pieces, in the area of which a contact compression spring is arranged.

Eine derartige Kontaktvorrichtung ist aus der DE-C-957 411 bekannt.Such a contact device is known from DE-C-957 411.

Kontaktvorrichtungen der bisher in der Praxis allgemein gebräuchlichen Art sind beispielsweise aus der BE-B-25 25 467, der CH-A-247 323 und der CH-A-451 288 bekannt. Bei diesen Kontaktvorrichtungen bestehen die Kontaktbrücken aus massiven Schienen, in deren Mitte jeweils eine einzige Kontaktdruckfeder angreift. Durch unterschiedliche konstruktive Maßnahmen, z.B. durch Schenkbewegungen der massiven Kontaktbrücke mit den beweglichen Kontaktstücken bzw. durch Abwälzbewegungen der beweglichen Kontaktstücke auf den feststehenden Kontaktstücken hat man versucht, das Problem des Abbrandes der Kontaktstücke zu beherrschen. Von Nachteil ist jedoch übereinstimmend bei allen diesen bekannten Kontaktvorrichtungen, daß eine verhältnismäßig große bewegte Masse der Kontaktbrücke mit den beweglichen Kontaktstücken vorhanden ist. Diese Masse ist bei dieser Konstruktionsart erforderlich, weil die Kontaktbrücke in Form einer massiven Schiene so stabil gestaltet sein muß, daß die erforderlichen Kontaktdruckkräfte von der Kontaktdruckfeder ausreichend übertragen werden. Daraus ergibt sich einmal ein erheblicher Materialaufwand und zum anderen läßt sich in der Praxis ein Einschaltprellen nicht vermeiden. Um diese Nachteile in Grenzen zu halten, war man daher bestrebt, die Kontaktbrücken so kurz wie möglich zu gestalten. Daraus ergeben sich dann aber wider andere Probleme, wie z.B. Konstrucktionsschwierigkeiten, keine genügende Schaltsicherheit, schlechte Zugänglichkeit zu allen Einzelteilen der Kontaktvorrichtung u. dgl.Contact devices of the type commonly used in practice so far are known, for example, from BE-B-25 25 467, CH-A-247 323 and CH-A-451 288. In these contact devices, the contact bridges consist of solid rails, in the middle of which a single contact pressure spring acts. Through different design measures, e.g. Trying movements of the massive contact bridge with the movable contact pieces or rolling movements of the movable contact pieces on the fixed contact pieces have attempted to master the problem of the contact pieces burning. A disadvantage of all of these known contact devices, however, is that a relatively large moving mass of the contact bridge with the movable contact pieces is present. This mass is required in this type of construction because the contact bridge in the form of a solid rail must be designed so that the required contact pressure forces are adequately transmitted by the contact pressure spring. On the one hand, this results in a considerable expenditure of material and, on the other hand, in practice a bounce cannot be avoided. In order to limit these disadvantages, the aim was to keep the contact bridges as short as possible. This then leads to other problems, such as Design difficulties, insufficient switching reliability, poor access to all individual parts of the contact device u. the like

Ein Kontaktvorrichtung der anfangs genannten Art wie gesagt aus der DE-C-957 411 bekannt. Obwohl bei dieser bekannten Kontaktvorrichtung die Kontaktbrücke einen flexiblen metallischen Verbinder aufweist, mit dessen Enden die beweglichen zweiten Kontaktstücke verbunden sind, können sich diese Kontaktstücke nicht frei bewegen, denn die Kontaktbrücke weist zusätzlich ein scherenförmiges Bauteil auf, welches aus zwei um eine Achse schwenkbar angeordneten Scherenarmen besteht, deren äußere Enden ebenfalls mit den beweglichen zweiten Kontaktstücken verbunden sind, beispielsweise durch Aufschieben von Rohrstücken, die fest mit den Kontaktstücken verbunden sind. Diese Scherenarme mit der Schwenkachse und mit den rohrförmigen Verbindungsstücken zu den Kontaktstücken stellen ebenso wie der flexible Verbinder Teil der beim Schalten bewegten Masse dar. Diese bekannte Konstrucktion der Kontaktbrücke bedeutet einmal einen großen Herstellungs- und Materialaufwand. Des weiteren kann wegen der insgesamt großen bewegten Masse das Einschaltprellen der Kontakte nicht unterbunden werden, vielmehr ist hier ganz besonders mit einem Einschaltprellen zu rechnen. Da ferner die beweglichen zweiten Kontaktstücke durch ihre Verbindung mit den Enden der Scherenarme zwangsweise geführt werden, können die Kontaktstücke trotz des stromleitenden flexiblen metallischen Verbinders keine Eigenbewegung zur Anpassung an die Lage der feststehenden Kontaktstücke ausführen, d.h. es ist keine gute Anpassungsfähigkeit der beweglichen Kontaktstücke an die Lage der feststehenden Kontaktstücke zu erreichen.A contact device of the type mentioned at the beginning is known from DE-C-957 411. Although in this known contact device the contact bridge has a flexible metallic connector, at the ends of which the movable second contact pieces are connected, these contact pieces cannot move freely, because the contact bridge additionally has a scissor-shaped component which consists of two scissor arms arranged pivotably about an axis exists, the outer ends of which are also connected to the movable second contact pieces, for example by pushing on pipe pieces which are firmly connected to the contact pieces. These scissor arms with the swivel axis and with the tubular connecting pieces to the contact pieces, like the flexible connector, form part of the mass moved during switching. This known design of the contact bridge means, on the one hand, a large amount of production and material. Furthermore, because of the overall large moving mass, the bouncing of the contacts cannot be prevented; rather, a bouncing of the bumps is particularly to be expected here. Furthermore, since the movable second contact pieces are forcibly guided by their connection to the ends of the scissor arms, the contact pieces, despite the current-conducting flexible metallic connector, cannot carry out their own movement to adapt to the position of the fixed contact pieces, i.e. it is not possible to achieve good adaptability of the movable contact pieces to the position of the fixed contact pieces.

Des weiteren ist aus der DE-C-689 356 ein blattfederartiges Metallband bekannt, welches insbesondere für Kontaktbrücken elektrischer Schaltapparate Verwendung finden soll. Hierbei geht es um die Kontaktklotzbefestigung der beiden Kontaktklötze an den Enden des. Metallbandes, und zwar wird die Auflagefläche jedes Kontaktklotzes gewölbt ausgebildet und das Ende der Feder durch Umpressen der U-profilartige Gestaltung der Kontaktklötze gebildeten Ansätze auf diese gewölbte Fläche aufgespannt. Es ist nicht beschrieben, auf welche Weise die Kontaktbrücken in den elektrischen Schaltapparaten eingesetzt werden sollen und wozu die Biegsamkeit der Blattfeder dienen soll.Furthermore, a leaf spring-like metal strip is known from DE-C-689 356, which is to be used in particular for contact bridges of electrical switching devices. This is about the contact block fastening of the two contact blocks at the ends of the metal strip. The contact surface of each contact block is curved and the end of the spring is clamped onto this curved surface by pressing around the U-profile-like design of the contact blocks. There is no description of the manner in which the contact bridges are to be used in the electrical switching devices and the purpose of the flexibility of the leaf spring.

Ferner ist aus der BE-B-1 200416 ein Kontakt-system für elektrische Schaltgeräte, zum Beispiel Schaltschütze, mit Brückenkontaktgabe bekannt. Die eigenliche Kontaktbrücke, die an ihren Enden Kontaktstücke trägt, ist wiederum massiv ausgebildet. Im eingeschalteten Zustand des elektrischen Schaltgerätes werden die beweglichen Kontaktstücke der massiven Kontaktbrücke mittels einer gewellten Kontaktdruckfeder an die feststehenden Kontaktstücke angepreßt. In bezug auf das Prellverhalten der Kontaktstücke ergeben sich die gleichen Probleme, wie sie weiter oben dargelegt worden sind.Furthermore, from BE-B-1 200416 a contact system for electrical switching devices, for example contactors, with bridge contact is known. The actual contact bridge, which carries contact pieces at its ends, is in turn solid. When the electrical switching device is switched on, the movable contact pieces of the solid contact bridge are pressed onto the fixed contact pieces by means of a corrugated contact pressure spring. With regard to the bouncing behavior of the contact pieces, the same problems arise as have been explained above.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, wine Kontaktvorrichtung zu schaffen, bei welcher eine Gewichts- und damit Materialersparnis erreicht, gleichzeitig das Einschaltprellen der Kontakt verringert und eine gute Anpassungfähigkeit der beweglichen Kontaktstücke an die Lage der feststehenden Kontaktstücke bewirkt wird.The invention has for its object to provide a wine contact device in which a weight and thus material savings are achieved, at the same time the switch-on bounce of the contact is reduced and good adaptability of the movable contact pieces to the position of the fixed contact pieces is brought about.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird ausgehend von der DE-C-957 411 erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Kontaktbrüche ausschließlich aus dem flexiblen Verbinder besteht und daß die zweiten Kontaktstücken lose zwischen je einer Anlage des Kontaktbrückenhalters und den Kontaktdruckfedern gehalten sind.The object is achieved based on DE-C-957 411 according to the invention in that the contact breaks consist exclusively of the flexible connector and that the second contact pieces loosely between each System of the contact bridge holder and the contact pressure springs are held.

Auf diese Weise kann; verglichen mit den bekannten Kontaktvorrichtungen, eine Gewichtsverminderung für die Kontaktbrücke auf die Hälfte und mehr erzielt werden. Aufgrund des geringeren Gewichtes besteht zum anderen die Möglichkeit, die flexible Verbindung der Kontaktbrüche zwischen den beiden Kontaktstücken verhältnismäßig lang zu machen, so daß ungewöhnlich weite Abstände zwischen den Kontaktstücken überbrückt werden können, unter-Umständen kann man sogar die gefederten Kontaktstücke über Kreuz schalten, wenn mehrere feste Kontaktstückpaare nebeneinander angeordnet und demgemäß mehrere Kontaktbrücken in einer Vorrichtung vorgesehen sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist in der Anpassungsfähigkeit der beweglichen Kontaktstücke an die Lage der feststehenden Kontaktstücke zu sehen. Es kommit hinzu, daß durch die erhebliche Gewichtsverminderung der Kontaktbrücken und durch die Anordnung einer Kontaktdruckfeder zu jedem Kontaktstück eine erhebliche Stabilisierung jedes beweglichen Kontaktstückes während des Einschaltvorganges eintritt. Aufgrund bekannter physikalischer Gesetzmäßigkeiten prallt ein leichter Körper bei gleicher Geschwindigkeit mit einer geringeren Aufprallenergie auf ein Hindernis als ein schwerer Körper, denn es besteht die Gleichung

Figure imgb0001
Darin bedeuten E=Aufprallenergie, m=Masse des bewegten Körpers und V=Geschwindigkeit des bewegten Körpers.That way; compared to the known contact devices, a weight reduction for the contact bridge can be achieved by half and more. On the other hand, due to the lower weight, it is possible to make the flexible connection of the contact breaks between the two contact pieces relatively long, so that unusually long distances between the contact pieces can be bridged, under certain circumstances one can even switch the spring-loaded contact pieces crosswise if several fixed pairs of contact pieces arranged side by side and accordingly several contact bridges are provided in one device. Another advantage is the adaptability of the movable contact pieces to the position of the fixed contact pieces. In addition, the considerable reduction in weight of the contact bridges and the arrangement of a contact pressure spring for each contact piece result in a considerable stabilization of each movable contact piece during the switch-on process. Based on known physical laws, a light body collides with an obstacle at the same speed with a lower impact energy than a heavy body because the equation exists
Figure imgb0001
 E = impact energy, m = mass of the moving body and V = speed of the moving body.

Die Erfindung bringt noch einen weiteren Vorteil mit sich, nämlich daß sich die Bewegung der flexiblen Kontaktbrüche zwischen den beiden beweglichen Kontaktstücken dämpfend auf das Einschaltprellen auswirkt. Wie die Praxis bewiesen hat, wird ein Einschattpretten der Kontakte unterbunden. Da man von einer prellfeien Kontaktvorrichtung sprechen kann, ist der Einschaltabbrand vernachlässigbar klein, was wiederum eine Verringerung der Größe der Kontaktstücke bzw. der Abbrandstücke gestattet oder bei gleich groß bleibenden Kontaktstücken erhält man eine wesentlich höhere Lebensdauer.The invention has yet another advantage, namely that the movement of the flexible contact breaks between the two movable contact pieces has a damping effect on the switch-on bounce. As practice has shown, shading the contacts is prevented. Since one can speak of a bounce-free contact device, the switch-on erosion is negligibly small, which in turn allows a reduction in the size of the contact pieces or the erosion pieces, or a contact life that remains the same has a significantly longer service life.

Ein vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung wird dadurch erzielt, daß der Verbinder als Litze ausgebildet ist. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vorteilhaft, daß die Litze als geflochtene Flach- oder Rundlitze ausgebildet ist. Aus diese Weise erhält man eine besonders große stromleitende Oberfläche des Verbinders, so daß dieser mit besonders geringem Materialaufwand und kleinem Gewicht hergestellt werden kann.An advantageous embodiment is achieved in that the connector is designed as a strand. In this context, it is advantageous that the strand is designed as a braided flat or round strand. In this way, a particularly large current-carrying surface of the connector is obtained, so that it can be manufactured with a particularly small amount of material and light weight.

Diese Vorteile ergeben sich auch bei einer anderen Ausgestaltung, wonach als Verbinder parallel zueinander verlaufende und an geeigneten Stellen miteinander verbundene Strombände- gewählt sind.These advantages also result in another embodiment, according to which current bands are selected as connectors that run parallel to one another and are connected to one another at suitable points.

Man erhält eine besonders gute Verbindung, wenn die Kontaktstückträger mit ihren Kontaktstücken und mit den Enden der Kontaktbrücke durch Nieten, Löten, Hartlögen, Schweißen, Punktschweißen, Ultraschallschweißen oder Quetschen, verbunden sind.A particularly good connection is obtained if the contact piece carriers are connected to their contact pieces and to the ends of the contact bridge by riveting, soldering, hard soldering, welding, spot welding, ultrasonic welding or squeezing.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung erzielt man durch die Merkmale gemäß dem Patentanspruch 6.A further advantageous embodiment is achieved by the features according to claim 6.

Auf diese Weise treffen die beweglichen zweiten Kontaktstücke beim Einschalten zunächst mit einem äußeren Teil ihrer Kante auf die entsprechenden feststehenden Kontaktstücke und können sich dann infolge der Flexibilität der Kontaktbrücke flächenmäßig genau an die Oberflächen der feststehenden Kontaktstücke anpassen.In this way, when switching on, the movable second contact pieces first hit the corresponding fixed contact pieces with an outer part of their edge and can then, due to the flexibility of the contact bridge, adapt exactly in terms of area to the surfaces of the fixed contact pieces.

Weiterhin. ist von Vorteil, daß die Kontaktdruckfedern also Schraubenfedern ausgebildet sind, gemäß Patenanspruch 7.Farther. is advantageous in that the contact pressure springs are helical springs, according to patent claim 7.

Auf diese Weise kann die Kraft zum Aufbrechen der Verschweißung erhöht werden.In this way, the force to break the weld can be increased.

Von Vorteil ist weiterhin, daß an dem Kontaktbrückenhalter Mitnehmerrippen angeordnet sind, gemäß dem Patentanspruch 8. Die Mitnehmerrippen tragen dazu bei, daß die Kontaktstücke in Einschaltstellung in die richtige Lage kommen, wobei ggfs. die flexible Kontaktbrüche gebogen wird. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den abhangigen sprüchen 9-11.Another advantage is that driver ribs are arranged on the contact bridge holder, according to claim 8. The driver ribs help that the contact pieces come into the correct position in the switched-on position, the flexible contact breaks possibly being bent. Further advantageous embodiments result from the dependent claims 9-11.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung im Schema dargestellt, und zwar zeigen

  • Figur 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Kontaktvorrichtung in ausgeschaltetem Zustand,
  • Figure 2 die Kontaktvorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 in mittlerer Schaltstellung, in der sich die Kontaktstücke gerade berühren,
  • Figur 3 die Kontaktvorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 in eingeschalteter Stellung,
  • Figur 4 einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kontaktvorrichtung in ausgeschalteter Stellung,
  • Figur 5 die Kontaktvorrichtung gemäss Figur 4 in eingeschalteter Stellung,
  • Figur 6 einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kontaktvorrichtung,
  • Figur 7 eine andere Kontaktvorrichtung im Vertialschnitt mit anschlossenem Magnetsystem und
  • Figur 8 einen vereinfachten Horizontalschnitt zu Figure 7 gemäß Schnittlinie VIII-VIII.
In the drawing, embodiments of the invention are shown in the diagram, namely show
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a contact device in the switched-off state,
  • Figure 2 shows the contact device according to Figure 1 in the middle switching position, in which the contact pieces just touch,
  • 3 shows the contact device according to FIG. 1 in the switched-on position,
  • FIG. 4 shows a vertical section through another exemplary embodiment of a contact device in the switched-off position,
  • FIG. 5 the contact device according to FIG. 4 in the switched-on position,
  • FIG. 6 shows a vertical section through a further exemplary embodiment of a contact device,
  • 7 shows another contact device in vertical section with a connected magnet system and
  • Figure 8 is a simplified horizontal section to Figure 7 along section line VIII-VIII.

In den Figuren 1 bis 3 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Kontaktvorrichtung bei einem Niederspannungs-Schaltgerät in drei unterschiedlichen Schaltstellungen dargestellt, Figur 1 zeigt die Ausschaltstellung. Das Schaltgerät weist ein unteres Gehäuseteil 1 mit einem Boden 1 a und zwei seitlichen zylindrischen Ausnehmungen 1b auf. Das untere Gehäusteil 1 trägt ein oberes deckelartiges Gehäuseteil 2. Auf erhöhten Teilen des Bodens 1a liegen zwei sich mit Abstand gegenüberliegende Kontaktschienen 3 und 4 auf, die zweckmäßigerweise durch seitliche Führungen 1c bzw. rillenartige Aussparungen gehalten sind. Diese Kontaktschienen 3, 4 weisen eine äußeres, im wesentlichen waagerechtes Schienenteil 3a bzw. 4a, ein schräg nach unten gekröpftes Schienenteil 3b, 4b, ein sich anschließendes wiederum waagerechtes Schienenteil 3c, 4c und schließlich ein nach oben und außen abgebogenes Schienenteil 3d, 4d auf. Auf diesen letzteren Schienenteilen 3d, 4d sitzen feststehende Kontaktstücke 5, 6. Fie feste Halterung dieser feststehenden Kontaktstücke und der beschriebenen Kontaktschienen erfolgt einmal durch Kontaktanschlußschrauben 22, die in eingeschraubtem Zustand mit ihren unteren Schraubenbolzenenden 22a in die zylindrischen Ausnehmungen 1b eingreifen. Durch einfaches formentsprechen angepaßtes Aufsetzen des Gehäuseoberteiles 2 sind die feststehenden Kontaktschienen 3, 4 mit den Kontaktstücken 5, 6 in ihrer Lage gehalten. Die Kontaktanschlußschrauben 22 dienen gleichzeitig zum Festschrauben von nach außen führenden elektrischen Anschlußleitungen 23.1 to 3 show an exemplary embodiment of a contact device according to the invention in a low-voltage switching device in three different switching positions, FIG. 1 shows the switch-off position. The switching device has a lower housing part 1 with a bottom 1 a and two lateral cylindrical recesses 1 b. The lower housing part 1 carries an upper lid-like housing part 2. On raised parts of the bottom 1a there are two mutually opposite contact rails 3 and 4, which are expediently held by lateral guides 1c or groove-like recesses. These contact rails 3, 4 have an outer, essentially horizontal rail part 3a or 4a, a rail part 3b, 4b which is bent obliquely downwards, a subsequent again horizontal rail part 3c, 4c and finally a rail part 3d, 4d bent upwards and outwards . Fixed contact pieces 5, 6 sit on these latter rail parts 3d, 4d. Fixed holding of these fixed contact pieces and the described contact rails takes place once by contact connecting screws 22 which engage in the cylindrical recesses 1b in the screwed-in state with their lower screw bolt ends 22a. The fixed contact rails 3, 4 with the contact pieces 5, 6 are held in their position by simply fitting the housing upper part 2 in an adapted manner. The contact connection screws 22 serve at the same time for screwing electrical connection lines 23 leading to the outside.

In dem deckelartigen Gehäuseoberteil 2 ist ein Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 in entsprchend gestalteten seitlichen Führungen gemäß Figur 1 vertikal verschiebbar angeordnet. Dieser Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 besitzt an seinem oferen Enden einen Betätigungskopf 7a, der zum Einschalten der Kontaktvorrichtung entweder von Hand nach unten gedruckt werden kann, oder der durch ein nicht gezeichnetes aufsetzbares Magnetsystem oder schließlich in anderer Weise maschinell betätigt werden kann. An dem Kontaktbrückenhalter sind seitliche Arme 7b vorgesehen, an deren äußeren Endstücken 10 die oberen Enden von beiderseitigen Druckfedern 9 angreifen. Das untere Ende jeder Druckfeder 9 ist in einer zylindrischen Ausnehmung 11 einer Zwischenwand 12 des oberen Gehäuseteiles 2 eingesetzt. Bei Nichtbetätigung der Kontaktvorrichtung sorgen diese Druckfedern 9 dafür, daß der Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 in der in Figur 1 dargestellten obersten Stellung verbleibt. An dem Kontaktbrückenhalter ist ferner ein doppelseitiger waagerechter Arm 8 gelagert, an dessen Unterseite sich zwei seitliche Kontaktdruckfedern 13, 14 abstützen.In the cover-like upper housing part 2, a contact bridge holder 7 is arranged so as to be vertically displaceable in correspondingly designed lateral guides according to FIG. This contact bridge holder 7 has at its open ends an actuating head 7a, which can either be printed by hand to switch on the contact device, or which can be actuated by a magnet system (not shown) or finally in another manner by machine. Lateral arms 7b are provided on the contact bridge holder, on the outer end pieces 10 of which the upper ends of compression springs 9 on both sides engage. The lower end of each compression spring 9 is inserted in a cylindrical recess 11 in an intermediate wall 12 of the upper housing part 2. When the contact device is not actuated, these compression springs 9 ensure that the contact bridge holder 7 remains in the uppermost position shown in FIG. A double-sided horizontal arm 8 is also mounted on the contact bridge holder, on the underside of which two lateral contact pressure springs 13, 14 are supported.

Durch ein parallel zur Bildebene nach Figur 1 verlaufende Ausnehmung 17 in dem Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 ist eine Kontaktbrücke 18 geführt. Diese Kontaktbrücke 18 ist an ihren Enden ebenfalls mit Kontaktstücken 20 ausgestattet. Vorteilhafterweise sind die beiden Kontaktstücke 20 auf je einem Kontaktstückträger 19 befestigt, der dann seinerseits mit dem betreffenden Ende der Kontaktbrücke 18 verbunden ist. Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt. die feste Verbindung einmal zwischen den Kontaktstückträgern und den Kontaktstücken und zum anderen zwischen der flexiblen Kontaktbrücke und den Kontaktstückträgern durch Nieten, Löten, Hartlöten, Schweißen Punktschweißen, Ultraschallschweißen der Quetschen usw.A contact bridge 18 is guided through a recess 17 running parallel to the image plane according to FIG. 1 in the contact bridge holder 7. This contact bridge 18 is also equipped with contact pieces 20 at its ends. Advantageously, the two contact pieces 20 are each attached to a contact piece carrier 19, which in turn is then connected to the relevant end of the contact bridge 18. This is advantageously done. the fixed connection on the one hand between the contact piece carriers and the contact pieces and on the other hand between the flexible contact bridge and the contact piece supports by riveting, soldering, brazing, welding, spot welding, ultrasonic welding of the crimping, etc.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Kontaktbrücke 18 aus einem flexiblen Material hergestellt, und zwar vorteilhafterweise aus dem Material einer Litzt. Als Litze kann man vorzugsweise eine geflochtene Flach- oder Rundlitze je nach Anwendungsfall und den räumlichen Gegebenheiten auswählen. Statt dessen kann die flexible Kontaktbrücke auch aus einem anderen in sich flexiblen Material aufgebaut sein, z.B. aus parallel zueinander verlaufenden Strombändern, die an geeigneten Stellen, z.B. im Bereich der Kontaktstücke, miteinander verbunden sind. Die unteren Enden der beiden Kontaktdruckfedern 13, 14 greifen in dem Bereich zu beiden Enden der flexiblen Kontaktbrücke an, in dem sich die Kontaktstücke bzw. zwischengeschalteten Kontaktstückträger befinden. Im Innern der Ausnehmung 17 des Kontaktbrückenhalters 7 befindet sich noch ein senkrecht zur Bildebene gemäß Figur 1 verlaufender Steg 16, der an seinem unteren Ende ein Spiel gegenüber der flexiblen Kontaktbrücke 18 läßt. Außerdem ist in dem Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 zu beiden Seiten nahe den Kontaktdruckfedern 13, 14 je eine Mitnehmerrippe 15 angeordnet, die sich in Ausschaltstellung gemäß Figur 1 mit einem gewissen Abstand oberhalb der flexiblen Kontaktbrücke 18 und gleichzeitig oberhalb der beweglichen Kontaktstücke 20 befindet. In Figure 1 ist nur der Einfachheit halber auf der linken Seite eine Mitnehmerrippe 15 eingezeichnet. Auf der anderen Seite befindet sich aber ebenfalls eine entsprechende Mitnehmerrippe. Schließlich befinden sich vorteilhafterweise auf der Außenseite der beschriebenen Kontakte noch Lichtbogenlöschkammern, die durch Löschkammerbleche 21 veranschaulicht sind.According to the invention, the contact bridge 18 is made from a flexible material, advantageously from the material of a stranded wire. A braided flat or round strand can preferably be selected as the strand, depending on the application and the spatial conditions. Instead, the flexible contact bridge can also be constructed from another inherently flexible material, e.g. from current strips running parallel to one another, which are located at suitable points, e.g. are connected to each other in the area of the contact pieces. The lower ends of the two contact pressure springs 13, 14 engage in the area to both ends of the flexible contact bridge in which the contact pieces or intermediate contact piece carriers are located. In the interior of the recess 17 of the contact bridge holder 7 there is also a web 16 running perpendicular to the image plane according to FIG. 1, which leaves a play at its lower end in relation to the flexible contact bridge 18. In addition, a driver rib 15 is arranged in the contact bridge holder 7 on both sides near the contact pressure springs 13, 14, which is in the switched-off position according to FIG. 1 at a certain distance above the flexible contact bridge 18 and at the same time above the movable contact pieces 20. In Figure 1, a driver rib 15 is shown on the left side for the sake of simplicity. On the other side there is also a corresponding driver rib. Finally, there are advantageously also arc quenching chambers on the outside of the contacts described, which are illustrated by quenching chamber plates 21.

Wie die Figuren 1 und 2 veranschaulichen, ist die flexible Kontaktbrücke 18 bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel im wesentlichen geradlinig in dem Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 gehalten. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind ferner vorteilhafterweise die feststehenden Kontaktstücke 5, 6 in Ebenen angeordnet, die schräg zur Bewegungsrichtung der beweglichen Kontaktstücke 20 verlaufen. Zweckmäßigerweise ist die Schräglage so gewählt, daß die feststehenden Kontaktstücke nach außen hin ansteigend schräg gerichtet sind. Hierdurch ergeben sich folgende Vorteile. Durch die Schrägstellung der feststehenden Kontaktstücke und die hierzu gerade Lage bzw. horizontale Lage der beweglichen Kontaktstücke aufeinander ergibt sich, daß die beweglichen Kontaktstücke beim Einschalten zunächst auf einer vorbestimmten äußeren Kante auf dem betreffenden feststehenden Kontaktstück aufsetzen. Infolge der flexiblen Ausbildung der kontaktbrücke kann sich jedes bewegliche Kontaktstück zwahgsläufig der Schrägstellung des betreffenden feststehenden Kontaktstückes anpassen. Beim Ausschalten vollzieht sich dieser Vorgang in umgekehrter Reihenfolge, d.h. die Kontakflächen der aufeinanderliegenden Kontaktstücke öffnen sich zunächst bis zur äußeren Kante, ohne abgehoben zu haben und ohne daß ein Lichtbogen entsteht. Beim weiteren Abheben der beweglichen Kontaktstücke öffnet dann der Kontakt an der äußeren Kante und ein Lichtbogen entsteht.As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the flexible contact bridge 18 is held essentially straight in the contact bridge holder 7 in this exemplary embodiment. In this embodiment, the fixed contact pieces 5, 6 are also advantageously arranged in planes that run obliquely to the direction of movement of the movable contact pieces 20. The inclined position is expediently chosen such that the fixed contact pieces are directed obliquely upwards towards the outside. This has the following advantages. Due to the inclined position of the fixed contact pieces and the straight or horizontal position of the movable contact pieces on top of each other, it follows that the movable contact pieces are initially placed on a predetermined outer edge on the respective fixed contact piece when switched on. As a result of the flexible design of the contact bridge, each movable contact piece can inevitably adapt to the inclined position of the fixed contact piece in question. When switching off, this process takes place in reverse order, ie the contact surfaces of the contacts lying on top of each other Pieces open up to the outer edge without lifting off and without an arc. When the movable contact pieces are lifted further, the contact on the outer edge opens and an arc arises.

Vorteilhafterweise sind die Kontaktstückträger der feststehenden und beweglichen Kontaktstücke im Ablaufbereich des Lichtbogens mit massiven Lichtbogenablaufhörnern versehen. Da der Lichtbogen erst an der äußersten vorbestimmten Kante der Kontaktstücke entsteht, wird er durch die magnetischen Kraftlinien der feststehenden Kontaktschienen un der Löschkammerbleche direkt von dem vorbeschriebenen Abbrandbereich der Kontaktstück auf die Lichtbogenablaufhörner getrieben, wo der Lichtbogen dann wiederum an der äußersten Kante abreißt und erst hier Abbrand verursacht. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es von Vorteil, daß die Lichtbogenablaufhörner auf gleicher Oberflächenebene mit den Kontaktstücken und dicht an diese angeschlossen angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise wird eine einwandfreier Übergang der Lichtbogens von dem Abbrandbereich der Kontaktstücke zu den Lichtbogenablaufhörnern erreicht, denn der Lichtbogen braucht keinerlei Stufen zu überwinden und hinterläßt daher keine wesentlichen Abbrandspuren am Abbrandbereich der Kontaktstücke, wird also direkt auf die Lichtbogenablaufhörner abgeleitet.Advantageously, the contact piece carriers of the fixed and movable contact pieces in the discharge area of the arc are provided with solid arc discharge horns. Since the arc only arises at the outermost predetermined edge of the contact pieces, it is driven by the magnetic lines of force of the fixed contact rails and the quenching chamber plates directly from the above-described erosion area of the contact piece onto the arc discharge horns, where the arc then breaks off at the outermost edge and only here Burning causes. In this context, it is advantageous that the arcing horns are arranged on the same surface level with the contact pieces and closely connected to them. In this way, a perfect transition of the arc from the erosion area of the contact pieces to the arc discharge horns is achieved, because the arc does not have to overcome any steps and therefore does not leave any significant scorch marks on the erosion area of the contact pieces, and is therefore derived directly from the arc discharge horns.

Durch die Anpassungsfähigkeit der beweglichen Kontaktstücke an die feststehenden Kontaktstücke, die durch die flexible Verbindung zwischen den beiden beweglichen Kontaktstücken mit Hilfe der flexiblen Kontaktbrücke ermöglicht wird, verändert sich der Abstand der Lichtbogenablaufhörner für den Ablauf des Lichtbogens in günstigster Weise, d.h. es ergibt sich ein sehr kleiner Abstand beim Öffnen und dadurch eine günstige Übernahme des Lichtbogens. Zu dem weiter oben erläuterten geringen Einschaltabbrand kommt also noch der vorbeschriebene geringere Ausschaltabbrand hinzu, der ebenfalls eine Verminderung des Abbrandvolumens und gleichzeitig eine Erhöhung der elektrischen Lebensdauer der Kontaktvorrichtung mit sich bringt.Due to the adaptability of the movable contact pieces to the fixed contact pieces, which is made possible by the flexible connection between the two movable contact pieces with the aid of the flexible contact bridge, the distance between the arc discharge horns for the discharge of the arc changes in the most favorable manner, i.e. there is a very small gap when opening and thus a cheap takeover of the arc. In addition to the low switch-on erosion explained above, there is also the above-described lower switch-off erosion, which likewise brings about a reduction in the erosion volume and at the same time an increase in the electrical life of the contact device.

Zu dem ober erläuterten günstigen Einschalt-Prellverhalten kommt also der Vorteil des geringen Abbrandvolumens und gleichzeitig eine Erhöhung der elektrischen Lebensdauer der Kontaktvorrichtung hinzu.In addition to the favorable switch-on bounce behavior described above, there is also the advantage of the low erosion volume and, at the same time, an increase in the electrical life of the contact device.

Durch die Erfindung wird auch die thermische Belastung der Kontaktstücke gering. Die vorbestimmte Abrißkante des Lichtbogen im Abbrandbereich der Kontaktstücke bewirkt, daß die übrige Kontaktfläche frei von Verschmutzung, Abbrandkratern und Verrußung bleibt, was dedeutet, daß die Kontaktflächen der Kontaktstücke in eingeschaltetem Zustand immer sauber bleiben und die Kontaktgabe auf einer einwandfreien Kontaktfläche zwischen den Kontaktstücken stattfindet. Dies führt zu einem erheblichen Vorteil bezüglich des Kontakt- übergangswiderstandes und der daraus resultierenden thermischen Belastung mit einem elektrischen Dauerstrom. Außerdem erfolgt bei jeder Schaltung eine Relativbewegung der Kontaktstücke zueinander, so daß eine gewisse Selbstreinigung der betreffenden Kontaktflächen zusätzlich gewährleistet ist.The invention also lowers the thermal load on the contact pieces. The predetermined tear-off edge of the arc in the erosion area of the contact pieces causes the remaining contact area to remain free from dirt, erosion craters and soot, which means that the contact areas of the contact pieces always remain clean when switched on and the contact takes place on a perfect contact area between the contact pieces. This leads to a considerable advantage in terms of the contact resistance and the resulting thermal load with a continuous electrical current. In addition, with each circuit there is a relative movement of the contact pieces to one another, so that a certain self-cleaning of the contact surfaces in question is additionally ensured.

Auch in bezug auf die elektrische Einschaltschweißsicherheit bringt die Erfindung erhebliche Vorteile mit sich. Die im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik stark erhöhte elektrische Schweißsicherheit beim Einschalten ergibt sich aus dem prellfreien Verhalten der beweglichen Kontaktstücke und aus der Schrägstellung der feststehenden Kontaktstücke einschließlich der Anpassungsfähigkeit der beweglichen Kontaktstücke an die feststehenden. Wird zum Beispiel ein Kontakt bis über die Grenze seiner Einschaltschweißfestigkeit belastet, verschweißt er mehr oder weniger fest. Diese Verschweißung tritt infolge der Schrägstellung der feststehenden Kontaktstücke erst bei der ersten Kontaktgabe an der äußeren Kante auf. Wenn jetzt das betreffende bewegliche Kontaktstücke weiter in Einschaltrichtung bewegt wird, dreht es sich bzw. verschwenkt es sich um die verschweißte äußere Kante herum bis in die vorgegebene Schrägstellung des feststehenden Kontaktstückes, was infolge der flexiblen Ausbildung der Kontaktbrücke ohne weiters möglich ist. Durch diese Dreh- bzw. Schwenkbewegung wird . die Verschweißung wieder aufgebrochen. Die hierfür erforderliche Kraft kann ohne weiteres von der betreffenden Kontaktdruckfeder aufgebracht werden.The invention also has considerable advantages with regard to the electrical switch-on welding safety. The greatly increased electrical welding safety when switched on in comparison to the prior art results from the bounce-free behavior of the movable contact pieces and from the inclination of the fixed contact pieces, including the adaptability of the movable contact pieces to the fixed ones. For example, if a contact is loaded beyond the limit of its switch-on welding strength, it will weld more or less firmly. As a result of the inclined position of the fixed contact pieces, this welding only occurs when the first contact is made on the outer edge. If the relevant movable contact piece is now moved further in the switch-on direction, it rotates or swivels around the welded outer edge to the predetermined inclined position of the fixed contact piece, which is easily possible due to the flexible design of the contact bridge. Through this rotating or swiveling movement. the welding broke again. The force required for this can easily be applied by the contact pressure spring in question.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist noch eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung möglich, nämlich dadurch, daß die Kontaktdruckfedern 13, 14 schräg, vorzugsweise unter einem spitzen Winkel, zur Bewegungsrichtung der beweglichen Kontaktstücke in der Kontaktbrückenträger 18 angeordnet sind.In this context, a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is possible, namely in that the contact pressure springs 13, 14 are arranged obliquely, preferably at an acute angle, to the direction of movement of the movable contact pieces in the contact bridge carrier 18.

Durch entsprechende Schrägstellung der Kontaktdruckfedern kann die Kraft zum Aufbrechen der Verschweißung erhöht werden.The force for breaking the weld can be increased by appropriately inclining the contact pressure springs.

Eine weiter vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß an dem Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 Mitnehmerrippen 15 derart angeordnet sind, daß die beweglichen Kontaktstücke durch sie zwangsläufig in die Schräglage entsprechend der Lage der feststehenden Kontaktstücke geschwenkt werden. Auf diese Weise wird ebenfalls das Aufbrechen einer Verschweißung begünstigt, da die Mitnehmerrippe beim Einschaltvorgang das verschweißte bewegliche Kontaktstück gegebenenfalls mit dem Lichtbogenablaufhorn, zwangsläufig in die Schräglage entsprechend dem feststehenden Kontaktstück drückt und damit auch eine stärkere Verschweißung bereits während des Einschaltvorganges wieder gelöst werden kann. Dies ist besonders von Vorteil bei Kondensatorschützen.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that driving ribs 15 are arranged on the contact bridge holder 7 in such a way that the movable contact pieces are inevitably pivoted through them into the inclined position in accordance with the position of the fixed contact pieces. In this way, the breakup of a weld is also favored, since the driving rib during the switch-on process inevitably presses the welded movable contact piece, possibly with the arc discharge horn, into the inclined position corresponding to the fixed contact piece, and thus a stronger weld can be released again during the switch-on process. This is particularly advantageous for capacitor contactors.

Schließlich besteht noch eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung darin, daß die Kontaktstücke, über ihre Fläche gesehen, und/oder die Lichtbogenablaufhörner aus unterschiedlichem Abbrandmaterial bestehen, derart, daß im Bereich der Lichtbogenabrißkante ein Material mit hoher thermischer Belastbarkeit und im übrigen Bereich ein Material mit guter elektrischer Leitfähigkeit und mit geringem Stromübergangswiderstand gewählt ist. Aus diese Weise kann die thermische Belastbarkeit der Kontaktvorrichtung weiterhin erhöht werden.Finally, a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the contact pieces, seen over their area, and / or the arcing horns are made of different erosion material, such that a material with high thermal resistance and a material with good electrical conductivity and low current transfer resistance is selected in the area of the arcing edge. In this way, the thermal load capacity of the contact device can be further increased.

Die Figuren 2 und 3, die im wesentlichen mit der Figur 1 übereinstimmen, zeigen unterschiedliche Schaltstellungen gegenüber der Figur 1. Bei der Figur 2 ist der Kontäktbrückenträger 7 entgegen der Federkraft der Federn 9 so weit nach unten verschoben, daß die noch waagerecht gehaltenen beweglichen Kontaktstücke mit ihrer Außenkante auf den feststehenden schrägen Kontaktstücken auftreffen. Beim weiteren Herabdrücken des Kontaktbrückenträgers 7 wird die flexible Kontaktbrücke 18 durch die Rippe 16 nach unten durchgebogen und außerdem kommt die Mitnehmerrippe 15 wie dargestellt so zur Anlage, daß die beweglichen Kontaktstücke zwangsläufig in die weiter oben beschriebene Schräglage geschwenkt werden. Es versteht sich, daß in dieser Einschaltstellung die Kontaktdruckfedern 13, 14 entsprechend zusammengedrückt sind.Figures 2 and 3, which essentially correspond to Figure 1, show different switching positions compared to Figure 1. In Figure 2, the contact bridge support 7 against the spring force of the springs 9 is shifted so far down that the movable contact pieces still held horizontally hit with their outer edge on the fixed oblique contact pieces. When the contact bridge carrier 7 is pressed down further, the flexible contact bridge 18 is bent downward by the rib 16 and, moreover, the driving rib 15 comes to rest as shown that the movable contact pieces are inevitably pivoted into the inclined position described above. It is understood that in this switch-on position the contact pressure springs 13, 14 are compressed accordingly.

Gemäß einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 4 und 5 sind die feststehenden Kontaktstücke 5 und 6 in Ebenen senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung der beweglichen Kontaktstücke 20 angeordnet. Demgemäß sind auch die iKontaktschienenteile 3d, 4d der Kontaktschienen 3, 4, in diese waagerechten Ebenen umgebogen. Wie Figur 5 deutlich macht, wird in diesem Falle die flexible Kontaktbrücke 18 durch die Rippe 16 weit nach unten hin durchgebogen, sobald die Kontaktstücke aufeinandertreffen. Auch hierduch ergeben sich günstige Bewegungsverhältnisse.According to another exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, the fixed contact pieces 5 and 6 are arranged in planes perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable contact pieces 20. Accordingly, the i contact rail parts 3d, 4d of the contact rails 3, 4 are bent into these horizontal planes. As FIG. 5 makes clear, in this case the flexible contact bridge 18 is bent far downward by the rib 16 as soon as the contact pieces meet. This also results in favorable movement conditions.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 6 entspricht im wesentlichen den der Figuren 1 bis 3, jedoch ist hier der Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 anders gestaltet und es ist eine andere Halterung vorgesehen. Diese Gestaltung hat den Zweck, daß der Ausschaltlichbogen nach allen Seiten austreten kann, da die Kontaktstücke freigehalten sind. Außerdem ist bei dieser Gestaltungsweise eine formschlüssige einfache Halterung der Kontaktstückträger mit ihrer Kontaktstücken an den Enden der flexiblen Kontaktbrücke möglich.The embodiment according to FIG. 6 essentially corresponds to that of FIGS. 1 to 3, but here the contact bridge holder 7 is designed differently and a different holder is provided. The purpose of this design is that the switch-off arc can escape on all sides, since the contact pieces are kept free. In addition, with this design, a form-fitting, simple mounting of the contact piece carriers with their contact pieces at the ends of the flexible contact bridge is possible.

Es ist außerdem bei besonderen Ausgestaltungen und Anwendungsfällen zweckmäßig, die Kontaktstückträger mit ihren Kontaktstücken lose zwischen je einer Anlage des Kontaktbrückenhalters und den Kontaktdruckfedern anzuordnen. Auch hierfür eignet sich das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 6, da der Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 dicht auf der Innenseite der Kontaktdruckfedern 13, 14 zusätzliche vertikale Führung der flexiblen Kontaktbrücke zwischen der Rippe 16 und dem unteren Teil 7d des Kontaktbrückenhalters eine Führung für die eingelegte flexible Kontaktbrücke gewährleisten.It is also useful in special configurations and applications to arrange the contact piece carrier with their contact pieces loosely between a system of the contact bridge holder and the contact pressure springs. The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6 is also suitable for this, since the contact bridge holder 7 tightly on the inside of the contact pressure springs 13, 14 ensures additional vertical guidance of the flexible contact bridge between the rib 16 and the lower part 7d of the contact bridge holder, a guide for the inserted flexible contact bridge.

Bie den obigen Ausführungsbeispielen sind jeweils nur zwei feststehende Kontaktschienen und eine flexible Kontaktbrücke vorgesehen. Statt dessen können erfindungsgemäße Kontaktvorrichtungen auch mehrere, beispielweise senkrecht zur Bildebene nebeneinander liegende Kontaktschienenpaare und flexible Kontaktbrücken besitzen. Das gleiche gilt auch für die Anordnung von zwei oder mehr Etagen übereinander.In the above exemplary embodiments, only two fixed contact rails and one flexible contact bridge are provided. Instead, contact devices according to the invention can also have a plurality of contact rail pairs and flexible contact bridges, for example lying next to one another perpendicular to the image plane. The same applies to the arrangement of two or more floors one above the other.

Die Figuren 7 und 8 veranschaulichen ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Hier ist veranschaulicht, daß es infolge des geringen Gewichtes fer flexiblen Kontaktbrücken 18 möglich ist, diese verhältnismäßig lang auszuführen und demgemäß auch die feststehenden Kontaktschienen 3, 4 mit den Festkontaktstücken 5, 6 mit einem so großen Abstand voneinander anzuordnen, daß man die Spule 28 des unteren Gehäuses 32, die wie üblich auf einem Magnetkern 27 sitzt, nach oben herauszunehmen, ohne daß es erforderlich ist, die gesamte Verdrahtung der Kontaktvorrichtung zu lösen. Zum Herausnehmen und gegebenenfalls Austauschen der Spule 28 bedarf es nur der Abnahme eines Deckels 29 des oberen Gehäuses 31. Danach kann man den Kontaktbrückenhalter 7 mit der oder Kontaktbrücken 18 sowie den beweglichen Kontaktstücken, die ihrerseits in einem rahmenartigen Bauteil 30 gehalten sind, mitsamt dem angeschlossenen Anker 26 nach oben herausnehmen. Es versteht sich, daß im Boden 31a des oberen Gehäuseteiles 31 eine so große Öffnung vorgesehen ist, daß die Spule 28 durch sie hindurchgeführt werden kann. Die flexiblen Kontaktbrücken ergeben also bei dieser Gesamtkonstruktion eine erhebliche Montagevereinfachung und eine wesentliche Vereinfachung bei Reparturen, wenn die Spule des Magnetsystems ausgetauscht werden soll. Bei vergleichbaren bekannten Konstructionen mußte bisher stets die gesamte Vorrichtung auseinander genommen werden und es mußten vor allem die nach außen führenden Verdrahtungen an den feststehenden Kontaktschienen gelöst werden.Figures 7 and 8 illustrate another embodiment of the invention. Here it is illustrated that it is possible due to the low weight fer flexible contact bridges 18 to make them relatively long and accordingly to arrange the fixed contact rails 3, 4 with the fixed contact pieces 5, 6 with such a large distance from one another that the coil 28 of the lower housing 32, which sits on a magnetic core 27, as usual, upwards, without it being necessary to disconnect the entire wiring of the contact device. To remove and, if necessary, replace the coil 28, it is only necessary to remove a cover 29 from the upper housing 31. Then the contact bridge holder 7 with the or contact bridges 18 and the movable contact pieces, which in turn are held in a frame-like component 30, together with the connected one Remove anchor 26 upwards. It is understood that in the bottom 31a of the upper housing part 31 there is an opening so large that the coil 28 can be passed through it. With this overall construction, the flexible contact bridges result in a considerable simplification of assembly and a considerable simplification in the case of repairs when the coil of the magnet system is to be replaced. In the case of comparable known constructions, the entire device has always had to be disassembled and, above all, the wiring leading to the outside on the fixed contact rails had to be disconnected.

Claims (11)

1. A contact-making device for low-voltage switchgear, more especially contactors, which is provided with at least two fixed contact bars (3,4), which are provided with first contact members (5, 6), as well as with at least one contact bridge (18), which is arranged in a contact bridge holder (7) and comprises a flexible, elctroconductive connector and which is held in a recess of the contact bridge holder (7) and is provided with second contact members (20), which can be caused to bear against the first contact members (5, 6) and are fixedly connected to the flexible connector and in whose zone there is arranged a respective contact pressure spring (13, 14), characterised in that the contact bridge (18) consists only of the flexible connector, and in that the second contact members (20) are held loosely between a respective bearing surface (7e) of the contact bridge holder (7) and the contact pressure springs (13, 1-4).
2. A contact-making device as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the connector is designed as a stranded wire.
3. A contact-making device as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the stranded wire is designed as a braided flat or round standed wire.
4. A contact-making device as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that there have been chosen as connectors current leads which extend parallel to one another and are connected together at suitable points.
5. A contact-making device as claimed in one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the second contact members (20) are connected to the ends of the contact bridge (18), with the interposition of contact member carriers (19), by way of riveting, soldering, brazing, welding, spot welding, ultrasonic welding or squeezing.
6. A contact-making device as claimed in one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the first contact members (5, 6) are arranged in planes which extend obliquely to the direction of movement of the contact bridge holder (7) and are directed in an ascending oblique manner viewed in the direction of the contact bridge ends and in relation to the second contact members (20), and in that, with the contact member carriers (19) bearing against the bearing surfaces (7e), the second contact members (20) are aligned in a plane perpendicularly to the mentioned direction of movement.
7. A contact-making device as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the contact pressure springs (13, 14) are designed as helical springs and extend obliquely at an acute angle to the direction of movement of the contact bridge holder (7).
8. A contact-making device as claimed in one of Claims 6 or 7, characterised in that driving ribs (15) are so arranged on the contact bridge holder (7) that the second contact members (20) can be swung by these into the oblique position in accordance with the position of the fixed contact members (5, 6).
9'A contact-making device as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that the contact member carriers (3d, 4d, 19) of the fixed and movable contact members (5, 6, 20) are provided with massive arc travel horns in the travel zone of the electric arc, and in that the arc travel horns are arranged on the same surface plane as the contact members (5, 6, 20) and closely connected to these.
10. A contact-making device as claimed in one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the contact members (5, 6, 20), viewed over their surface, and/or the arc travel horns consist of different flashing materials so that there is chosen a material with a high thermal loadability in the zone of the arc breaking edge and a material with a good electric conductivity and a low current leakage resistance in the remaining zone.
11. A contact-making device as claimed in one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the fixed contact bars comprising contact members are arranged at such a distance from each other and each flexible contact bridge is so long and the housing is so designed in the interior that the coil of a magnetic system can be removed following the release of a cover of the contact-making device as well as following the removal of the contact bridges with the bridge holders and an armature communicating therewith, without releasing the wiring.
EP81102806A 1980-09-06 1981-04-13 Contact device for low-voltage switch gears, particularly contactors Expired EP0047355B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81102806T ATE15294T1 (en) 1980-09-06 1981-04-13 CONTACT DEVICE FOR LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHING DEVICES, ESPECIALLY CONTACTORS.
CA000384256A CA1171896A (en) 1980-09-06 1981-08-20 Contact device for low voltage switch devices
AU74472/81A AU538765B2 (en) 1980-09-06 1981-08-24 Contact device
ES505057A ES8206083A1 (en) 1980-09-06 1981-08-28 Improvements in contact devices for low voltage maneuver appliances, in particular contactors. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
BR8105610A BR8105610A (en) 1980-09-06 1981-09-02 CONTACT DEVICE FOR LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHES ESPECIALLY RELAYS
DK391581A DK391581A (en) 1980-09-06 1981-09-04 SWITCH CONNECTOR FOR LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHES
NO813016A NO156770C (en) 1980-09-06 1981-09-04 CONNECTOR FOR LOW VOLTAGE CONNECTORS, SPECIFIC CONTACTORS.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3033668 1980-09-06
DE8023868U DE8023868U1 (en) 1980-09-06 1980-09-06 Contact device for low-voltage switching devices, in particular contactors
DE3033668A DE3033668C2 (en) 1980-09-06 1980-09-06 Contact device for low-voltage switching devices, in particular contactors

Publications (3)

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EP0047355A2 EP0047355A2 (en) 1982-03-17
EP0047355A3 EP0047355A3 (en) 1982-09-22
EP0047355B1 true EP0047355B1 (en) 1985-08-28

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EP81102806A Expired EP0047355B1 (en) 1980-09-06 1981-04-13 Contact device for low-voltage switch gears, particularly contactors

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US (1) US4401863A (en)
EP (1) EP0047355B1 (en)
DE (2) DE8023868U1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4401863A (en) 1983-08-30
DE3033668C2 (en) 1983-12-15
EP0047355A2 (en) 1982-03-17
DE8023868U1 (en) 1982-03-25
EP0047355A3 (en) 1982-09-22
DE3033668A1 (en) 1981-03-19

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