EP2778360A1 - Device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line - Google Patents

Device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2778360A1
EP2778360A1 EP14158590.1A EP14158590A EP2778360A1 EP 2778360 A1 EP2778360 A1 EP 2778360A1 EP 14158590 A EP14158590 A EP 14158590A EP 2778360 A1 EP2778360 A1 EP 2778360A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reducing agent
exhaust line
heating means
heating
delivery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14158590.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2778360B1 (en
Inventor
Mohamed Bozian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Publication of EP2778360A1 publication Critical patent/EP2778360A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2778360B1 publication Critical patent/EP2778360B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/105—Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1811—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line fitted to an exhaust line of an internal combustion engine which is provided with a motor vehicle, the device for injection comprising a reserve of reducing agent and an injector of the reducing agent inside the exhaust line between which is interposed a delivery member.
  • the document US 2011/0094206 discloses a device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line fitted to an internal combustion engine which is provided with a motor vehicle.
  • the injection device comprises a support associated with an injector.
  • the injection device also comprises a perforated tubular element which is coupled to the support.
  • the tubular member includes an inlet, an outlet, and a cone-shaped wall that extends from the inlet to the outlet, the wall being provided with a plurality of perforations.
  • a general problem posed by such a device lies in the fact that it deserves to be improved to optimize a reduction of nitrogen oxides carried by exhaust gases circulating inside the exhaust line. More particularly, it is desirable to have an injection device that offers a good compromise between an optimized reduction of the nitrogen oxides conveyed by the exhaust gases and an energy consumption of such an injection device to decompose the reducing agent.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an injection device that meets the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • a device of the present invention is a device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line fitted to an internal combustion engine which is provided with a motor vehicle.
  • the injection device comprises a reserve of reducing agent and an injector of the reducing agent inside the exhaust line.
  • a delivery member is interposed between the supply and the injector.
  • the delivery member comprises at least one delivery line of the reducing agent.
  • the injection device is provided with at least one means for heating the reducing agent.
  • a first heating means advantageously equips a delivery end that includes the injector.
  • a second heating means advantageously equips the delivery member.
  • the heating means is advantageously capable of delivering a heating power of between 100 W and 2000 W.
  • the heating means is preferably capable of delivering a power on the order of 1200 W to +/- 10%.
  • the heating means comprises for example at least one heating resistor by Joule effect.
  • the heating means comprises for example at least one induction heating coil.
  • An exhaust line of the present invention is mainly recognizable in that the exhaust line is equipped with such an injection device.
  • a motor vehicle of the present invention is mainly recognizable in that the motor vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine provided with such an exhaust line.
  • a method of operating the heating means constituting such an injection device is mainly characterized in that the implementation of the heating means is placed under the control of a temperature of a reduction catalyst housed at inside the exhaust line.
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of an exhaust line of the present invention.
  • the figure 2 is a schematic view of an injector of a reducing agent inside the exhaust line, such as that illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , which is provided with an internal combustion engine fitted to a motor vehicle.
  • a motor vehicle is commonly equipped with an internal combustion engine 1 to provide for its displacement.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 produces exhaust gases 2 that are discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 to an outside environment 3 via an exhaust line 4.
  • the exhaust gases 2 comprise, in particular, nitrogen oxides NO x (x being equal to 1 or 2) that it is desirable not to reject to the external environment 3.
  • the exhaust line 4 houses a reduction catalyst 5 to the inside which the nitrogen oxides are reduced prior to their discharge to the external environment 3.
  • the exhaust line 4 is provided with a injection device 6 of a reducing agent 7 inside the exhaust line 4. The injection device 6 is placed on the exhaust line 4 between the internal combustion engine 1 and the reduction catalyst 5.
  • the reduction catalyst 5 is particularly useful and effective when the exhaust gas 2 at the reduction catalyst 5 has a catalyst temperature T c which is between 150 ° C and 175 ° C.
  • the injector preferably opens in a zone called injection section of the injection line which can be equipped with means intended to facilitate the mixing of urea decomposed with ammonia and / or being decomposed into ammonia in the flow. exhaust gas before the assembly enters the reduction catalyst. For example, one can choose an injection section as described in the patent WO2010 / 146285 .
  • the exhaust line 4 is in particular an exhaust line such as that described in the document FR 2,947,003 which comprises two upstream and downstream exhaust gas processing monoliths 2 flowing in the exhaust line 4, the two upstream and downstream monoliths being placed in series in the exhaust line 4, an injection section disposed between a upstream face defined by the upstream monolith and a downstream face defined by the downstream monolith and comprising a circulation channel of an exhaust gas flow extending from the upstream face to the downstream face, the channel having a central line having a determined length between the upstream and downstream faces, the injection section comprising the injection device 6 of the reducing agent 7 mounted on the injection section and able to inject the reducing agent 7 into the injection section .
  • an exhaust line such as that described in the document FR 2,947,003 which comprises two upstream and downstream exhaust gas processing monoliths 2 flowing in the exhaust line 4, the two upstream and downstream monoliths being placed in series in the exhaust line 4, an injection section disposed between a upstream face defined by the upstream monolith and a downstream face defined
  • the stretch of injection has at least a first cup disposed inside the circulation channel in the path of the exhaust gas flow such that the average path of the exhaust gas veins is at least 20% greater than relative to the determined length.
  • the injection section comprises a cup disposed inside the circulation channel in the path of the exhaust gas flow. This cup is called weir.
  • the spillway has a bottom spiraling around the central line of the injection section and a large opening at the end of the spiral furthest away from the upstream face. The opening is inclined both with respect to the central line and with respect to a plane perpendicular to the central line.
  • the diameter of the cup is equal to the inside diameter of the exhaust gas circulation channel. It extends throughout the right section of the circulation channel. The peripheral edge of the cup bears against the inner surface of the circulation channel.
  • the spiral form of the weir initiates the rotating movement of the exhaust gases 2, the only escape route being downstream. The exhaust gases 2 perform about one complete revolution.
  • the exhaust line 4 is still such that the exhaust line 4 described in the document FR 2,947,004 which comprises a hot duct and a cold duct for exhaust gas circulation 2, a mechanical decoupling element connecting the downstream end of the hot duct to the upstream end of the cold duct, the reduction catalyst 5, and the cooling device.
  • the motor vehicle is likely to move in a driving mode for which, the internal combustion engine 1 is relatively cold, at the start of the latter in particular.
  • the exhaust line 4 is capable of housing an oxidation catalyst interposed between the internal combustion engine 1 and the reduction catalyst 5, which tends to cool the exhaust gases 2, prior to their arrival at the level of the engine.
  • the exhaust gas 2 has a gas temperature T g which is less than 150 ° C. that is, below a catalyst temperature T c of operation of the injection device 6 coupled to the reduction catalyst 5.
  • the present invention proposes to equip the injection device 6 with a heating means 8,8 'to increase the temperature of the reducing agent 7 when it is delivered inside the exhaust line 4. the frequent case where the reducing agent 7 comprises urea and water, such heating can initiate a decomposition of the reducing agent 7 from a water evaporation and a start of thermolysis of urea.
  • the heating means 8,8 comprises a first heating means 8 which equips a delivery end 20 of the injection device 6, the latter being licked by the exhaust gases 2 during their circulation inside the the exhaust line 4.
  • the delivery end 20 is housed inside the exhaust line 4, so that the reducing agent 7 is heated after a release of the latter to the 2.
  • the first heating means 8 is for example organized in a heating cone which envelops the delivery end 20 and which is provided with at least one perforation 21 for the passage of the gases. exhaust 2 to his through.
  • the heating cone is indifferently a heating cone by Joule effect or by induction.
  • the heating means 8, 8 ' comprises a second heating means 8' which equips a delivery member 9 of the reducing agent 7.
  • the delivery member 9 preferably houses a delivery ramp 22 of the reducing agent 7 as described above to increase a distance traveled by any drop of reducing agent 7 between the reserve 10 and the injector 11.
  • the delivery ramp 22 is preferably arranged in a helix portion.
  • the delivery ramp 22 comprises a helical turn.
  • the delivery ramp 22 comprises a plurality of helical turns.
  • the delivery member 9 is arranged between a reserve 10 of reducing agent 7 and an injector 11 of reducing agent 7.
  • the delivery member 9 comprises at least one delivery cone of the reducing agent 7.
  • the second means 8 ' is indifferently constituted of at least one heating resistor which is contiguous to the delivery member 9, a heating sleeve which envelops the delivery member 9 or an induction heating coil or the like . From a heating of the reducing agent 7, it is possible to reduce the nitrogen oxides at the start of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the heating means 8, 8 ' is capable of delivering a heating power which is between 100 W and 2000 W, preferably of the order of 1200 W to within +/- 10%. These provisions offer the best possible compromise between a power electrical consumption and decomposition of the reducing agent 7 to make it effective to reduce the nitrogen oxides inside the reduction catalyst 5.
  • the heating means 8,8 ' is activated according to a catalyst temperature T c reduction catalyst 5. More particularly, the injection of reducing agent 7 inside the exhaust line is dependent on the catalyst temperature T c of the reduction catalyst 5, in the sense that the injection is carried out as soon as the catalyst temperature T c of the reduction catalyst 5 is greater than 100 ° C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The device (6) has a reducing agent reserve (10), and an injector (11) for injecting the reducing agent from the reserve inside an exhaust line (4). A delivery element (9) is interposed between the reserve and the injector. The delivery element includes a delivery ramp (22) to deliver the reducing agent. Heating units (8, 8') heat the reducing agent. Each heating unit includes a delivery end (20) comprising the injector. The heating units deliver heating power ranging between 100 and 2000 Watts. An independent claim is also included for a method for installing a heating unit of an injection device.

Description

L'invention porte sur un dispositif d'injection d'un agent réducteur à l'intérieur d'une ligne d'échappement équipant une ligne d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne dont est pourvu un véhicule automobile, le dispositif d'injection comprenant une réserve d'agent réducteur et un injecteur de l'agent réducteur à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement entre lesquels est interposé un organe de délivrance.The invention relates to a device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line fitted to an exhaust line of an internal combustion engine which is provided with a motor vehicle, the device for injection comprising a reserve of reducing agent and an injector of the reducing agent inside the exhaust line between which is interposed a delivery member.

Le document US 2011/0094206 décrit un dispositif d'injection d'un agent réducteur à l'intérieur d'une ligne d'échappement équipant un moteur à combustion interne dont est pourvu un véhicule automobile. Le dispositif d'injection comprend un support associé à un injecteur. Le dispositif d'injection comprend également un élément tubulaire perforé qui est couplé au support. L'élément tubulaire comprend une entrée, une sortie et une paroi conformée en cône qui s'étend depuis l'entrée vers la sortie, la paroi étant pourvue d'une pluralité de perforations.The document US 2011/0094206 discloses a device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line fitted to an internal combustion engine which is provided with a motor vehicle. The injection device comprises a support associated with an injector. The injection device also comprises a perforated tubular element which is coupled to the support. The tubular member includes an inlet, an outlet, and a cone-shaped wall that extends from the inlet to the outlet, the wall being provided with a plurality of perforations.

Un problème général posé par un tel dispositif réside dans le fait qu'il mérite d'être amélioré pour optimiser une réduction d'oxydes d'azote véhiculés par des gaz d'échappement circulant à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement. Plus particulièrement, il est souhaitable de disposer d'un dispositif d'injection qui offre un bon compromis entre une réduction optimisée des oxydes d'azote véhiculés par les gaz d'échappement et une consommation énergétique d'un tel dispositif d'injection pour décomposer l'agent réducteur.A general problem posed by such a device lies in the fact that it deserves to be improved to optimize a reduction of nitrogen oxides carried by exhaust gases circulating inside the exhaust line. More particularly, it is desirable to have an injection device that offers a good compromise between an optimized reduction of the nitrogen oxides conveyed by the exhaust gases and an energy consumption of such an injection device to decompose the reducing agent.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif d'injection qui répond aux inconvénients susvisés.The object of the present invention is to provide an injection device that meets the aforementioned drawbacks.

Un dispositif de la présente invention est un dispositif d'injection d'un agent réducteur à l'intérieur d'une ligne d'échappement équipant un moteur à combustion interne dont est pourvu un véhicule automobile. Le dispositif d'injection comprend une réserve d'agent réducteur et un injecteur de l'agent réducteur à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement. Un organe de délivrance est interposé entre la réserve et l'injecteur. L'organe de délivrance comprend au moins une rampe de délivrance de l'agent réducteur.A device of the present invention is a device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line fitted to an internal combustion engine which is provided with a motor vehicle. The injection device comprises a reserve of reducing agent and an injector of the reducing agent inside the exhaust line. A delivery member is interposed between the supply and the injector. The delivery member comprises at least one delivery line of the reducing agent.

Selon la présente invention, le dispositif d'injection est pourvu d'au moins un moyen de chauffage de l'agent réducteur.According to the present invention, the injection device is provided with at least one means for heating the reducing agent.

Un premier moyen de chauffage équipe avantageusement une extrémité de délivrance que comporte l'injecteur.A first heating means advantageously equips a delivery end that includes the injector.

Un deuxième moyen de chauffage équipe avantageusement l'organe de délivrance.A second heating means advantageously equips the delivery member.

Le moyen de chauffage est avantageusement apte à délivrer une puissance de chauffe comprise entre 100 W et 2 000 W.The heating means is advantageously capable of delivering a heating power of between 100 W and 2000 W.

Le moyen de chauffage est préférentiellement apte à délivrer une puissance de l'ordre de 1 200 W à +/- 10% près.The heating means is preferably capable of delivering a power on the order of 1200 W to +/- 10%.

Le moyen de chauffage comprend par exemple au moins une résistance chauffante par effet Joule.The heating means comprises for example at least one heating resistor by Joule effect.

Le moyen de chauffage comprend par exemple au moins une bobine de chauffage par induction.The heating means comprises for example at least one induction heating coil.

Une ligne d'échappement de la présente invention est principalement reconnaissable en ce que la ligne d'échappement est équipée d'un tel dispositif d'injection.An exhaust line of the present invention is mainly recognizable in that the exhaust line is equipped with such an injection device.

Un véhicule automobile de la présente invention est principalement reconnaissable en ce que le véhicule automobile comprend un moteur à combustion interne pourvu d'une telle ligne d'échappement.A motor vehicle of the present invention is mainly recognizable in that the motor vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine provided with such an exhaust line.

Un procédé de mise en oeuvre du moyen de chauffage constitutif d'un tel dispositif d'injection est principalement caractérisé en ce que la mise en oeuvre du moyen de chauffage est placé sous la dépendance d'une température d'un catalyseur de réduction logé à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement.A method of operating the heating means constituting such an injection device is mainly characterized in that the implementation of the heating means is placed under the control of a temperature of a reduction catalyst housed at inside the exhaust line.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va en être faite d'exemples de réalisation, en relation avec les figures des planches annexées, dans lesquelles :Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading the description which will be given of exemplary embodiments, in relation to the figures of the attached plates, in which:

La figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une ligne d'échappement de la présente invention.The figure 1 is a schematic view of an exhaust line of the present invention.

La figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un injecteur d'un agent réducteur à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement, telle celle illustrée sur la figure 1, dont est pourvu un moteur à combustion interne équipant un véhicule automobile.The figure 2 is a schematic view of an injector of a reducing agent inside the exhaust line, such as that illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , which is provided with an internal combustion engine fitted to a motor vehicle.

Sur la figure 1, un véhicule automobile est couramment équipé d'un moteur à combustion interne 1 pour pourvoir à son déplacement. Le moteur à combustion interne 1 produit des gaz d'échappement 2 qui sont évacués hors du moteur à combustion interne 1 vers un environnement extérieur 3 par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne d'échappement 4. Les gaz d'échappement 2 comprennent notamment des oxydes d'azote NOx (x étant égal à 1 ou 2) qu'il est souhaitable de ne pas rejeter vers l'environnement extérieur 3. Pour ce faire, la ligne d'échappement 4 loge un catalyseur de réduction 5 à l'intérieur duquel les oxydes d'azote sont réduits préalablement à leur évacuation vers l'environnement extérieur 3. Pour améliorer la réduction des oxydes d'azote à l'intérieur du catalyseur de réduction 5, la ligne d'échappement 4 est pourvue d'un dispositif d'injection 6 d'un agent réducteur 7 à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement 4. Le dispositif d'injection 6 est placé sur la ligne d'échappement 4 entre le moteur à combustion interne 1 et le catalyseur de réduction 5. Un tel dispositif d'injection 6 couplé au catalyseur de réduction 5 est particulièrement utile et efficace, lorsque les gaz d'échappement 2 au niveau du catalyseur de réduction 5 présentent une température de catalyseur Tc qui est comprise entre 150°C et 175°C. L'injecteur débouche de préférence dans une zone dite tronçon d'injection de la ligne d'injection qui peut être équipée de moyens destinés à faciliter le mélange de l'urée décomposée en ammoniac et/ou en cours de décomposition en ammoniac dans le flux des gaz d'échappement avant que l'ensemble ne pénètre dans le catalyseur de réduction. Par exemple, on peut choisir un tronçon d'injection tel que décrit dans le brevet WO2010/146285 .On the figure 1 , a motor vehicle is commonly equipped with an internal combustion engine 1 to provide for its displacement. The internal combustion engine 1 produces exhaust gases 2 that are discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 to an outside environment 3 via an exhaust line 4. The exhaust gases 2 comprise, in particular, nitrogen oxides NO x (x being equal to 1 or 2) that it is desirable not to reject to the external environment 3. To do this, the exhaust line 4 houses a reduction catalyst 5 to the inside which the nitrogen oxides are reduced prior to their discharge to the external environment 3. To improve the reduction of the nitrogen oxides inside the reduction catalyst 5, the exhaust line 4 is provided with a injection device 6 of a reducing agent 7 inside the exhaust line 4. The injection device 6 is placed on the exhaust line 4 between the internal combustion engine 1 and the reduction catalyst 5. Such a coupling device 6 coupled The reduction catalyst 5 is particularly useful and effective when the exhaust gas 2 at the reduction catalyst 5 has a catalyst temperature T c which is between 150 ° C and 175 ° C. The injector preferably opens in a zone called injection section of the injection line which can be equipped with means intended to facilitate the mixing of urea decomposed with ammonia and / or being decomposed into ammonia in the flow. exhaust gas before the assembly enters the reduction catalyst. For example, one can choose an injection section as described in the patent WO2010 / 146285 .

La ligne d'échappement 4 est notamment une ligne d'échappement telle que celle décrite dans le document FR 2,947,003 qui comprend deux monolithes amont et aval de traitement des gaz d'échappement 2 circulant dans la ligne d'échappement 4, les deux monolithes amont et aval étant placés en série dans la ligne d'échappement 4, un tronçon d'injection disposé entre une face amont définie par le monolithe amont et une face aval définie par le monolithe aval et comprenant un canal de circulation d'un flux de gaz d'échappement s'étendant de la face amont à la face aval, le canal ayant une ligne centrale présentant une longueur déterminée entre les faces amont et aval, le tronçon d'injection comportant le dispositif d'injection 6 de l'agent réducteur 7 monté sur le tronçon d'injection et apte à injecter l'agent réducteur 7 dans le tronçon d'injection. Le tronçon d'injection comporte au moins une première coupelle disposée à l'intérieur du canal de circulation dans le trajet du flux de gaz d'échappement de telle sorte que le trajet moyen des veines de gaz d'échappement soit supérieur d'au moins 20% par rapport à la longueur déterminée. Le tronçon d'injection comporte une coupelle disposée à l'intérieur du canal de circulation dans le trajet du flux de gaz d'échappement. Cette coupelle est appelée déversoir. Le déversoir a un fond s'enroulant en spirale autour de la ligne centrale du tronçon d'injection et une grande ouverture à l'extrémité de la spirale la plus écartée de la face amont. L'ouverture est inclinée à la fois par rapport à la ligne centrale et par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à la ligne centrale. Le diamètre de la coupelle est égal au diamètre intérieur du canal de circulation des gaz d'échappement. Elle s'étend dans toute la section droite du canal de circulation. Le bord périphérique de la coupelle porte contre la surface interne du canal de circulation. La forme spiralée du déversoir initie le mouvement tournant des gaz d'échappement 2, la seule échappatoire étant en aval. Les gaz d'échappement 2 réalisent environ un tour complet.The exhaust line 4 is in particular an exhaust line such as that described in the document FR 2,947,003 which comprises two upstream and downstream exhaust gas processing monoliths 2 flowing in the exhaust line 4, the two upstream and downstream monoliths being placed in series in the exhaust line 4, an injection section disposed between a upstream face defined by the upstream monolith and a downstream face defined by the downstream monolith and comprising a circulation channel of an exhaust gas flow extending from the upstream face to the downstream face, the channel having a central line having a determined length between the upstream and downstream faces, the injection section comprising the injection device 6 of the reducing agent 7 mounted on the injection section and able to inject the reducing agent 7 into the injection section . The stretch of injection has at least a first cup disposed inside the circulation channel in the path of the exhaust gas flow such that the average path of the exhaust gas veins is at least 20% greater than relative to the determined length. The injection section comprises a cup disposed inside the circulation channel in the path of the exhaust gas flow. This cup is called weir. The spillway has a bottom spiraling around the central line of the injection section and a large opening at the end of the spiral furthest away from the upstream face. The opening is inclined both with respect to the central line and with respect to a plane perpendicular to the central line. The diameter of the cup is equal to the inside diameter of the exhaust gas circulation channel. It extends throughout the right section of the circulation channel. The peripheral edge of the cup bears against the inner surface of the circulation channel. The spiral form of the weir initiates the rotating movement of the exhaust gases 2, the only escape route being downstream. The exhaust gases 2 perform about one complete revolution.

La ligne d'échappement 4 est notamment encore telle que la ligne d'échappement 4 décrite dans le document FR 2,947,004 qui comprend un conduit chaud et un conduit froid de circulation des gaz d'échappement 2, un élément de découplage mécanique reliant l'extrémité aval du conduit chaud à l'extrémité amont du conduit froid, le catalyseur de réduction 5, et le dispositif d'injection 6 destiné à injecter l'agent réducteur 7 ou à produire l'agent réducteur 7 dans la ligne d'échappement 4 en amont catalyseur de réduction 5, la ligne d'échappement 2 étant caractérisée en ce que le dispositif d'injection 6 et le catalyseur de réduction 5 sont intercalés dans le conduit chaud, en amont de l'élément de découplage mécanique.The exhaust line 4 is still such that the exhaust line 4 described in the document FR 2,947,004 which comprises a hot duct and a cold duct for exhaust gas circulation 2, a mechanical decoupling element connecting the downstream end of the hot duct to the upstream end of the cold duct, the reduction catalyst 5, and the cooling device. injection 6 for injecting the reducing agent 7 or producing the reducing agent 7 in the exhaust line 4 upstream reduction catalyst 5, the exhaust line 2 being characterized in that the injection device 6 and the reduction catalyst 5 are interposed in the hot conduit, upstream of the mechanical decoupling element.

Le véhicule automobile est susceptible de se déplacer dans un mode de roulage pour lequel, le moteur à combustion interne 1 est relativement froid, au démarrage de ce dernier notamment. De plus, la ligne d'échappement 4 est susceptible de loger un catalyseur d'oxydation interposé entre le moteur à combustion interne 1 et le catalyseur de réduction 5 ce qui tend à refroidir les gaz d'échappement 2, préalablement à leur arrivée au niveau du catalyseur de réduction 5. Dans l'un et/ou l'autre de ces cas, au niveau du catalyseur de réduction 5, les gaz d'échappement 2 présentent une température de gaz Tg qui est inférieure à 150°C, c'est-à-dire en dessous d'une température de catalyseur Tc utile de fonctionnement du dispositif d'injection 6 couplé au catalyseur de réduction 5.The motor vehicle is likely to move in a driving mode for which, the internal combustion engine 1 is relatively cold, at the start of the latter in particular. In addition, the exhaust line 4 is capable of housing an oxidation catalyst interposed between the internal combustion engine 1 and the reduction catalyst 5, which tends to cool the exhaust gases 2, prior to their arrival at the level of the engine. In one and / or the other of these cases, at the level of the reduction catalyst 5, the exhaust gas 2 has a gas temperature T g which is less than 150 ° C. that is, below a catalyst temperature T c of operation of the injection device 6 coupled to the reduction catalyst 5.

La présente invention propose d'équiper le dispositif d'injection 6 d'un moyen de chauffage 8,8' pour augmenter la température de l'agent réducteur 7 lors de sa délivrance à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement 4. Dans le cas fréquent où l'agent réducteur 7 comprend de l'urée et de l'eau, un tel chauffage permet d'initier une décomposition de l'agent réducteur 7 à partir d'une évaporation d'eau et d'un début de thermolyse de l'urée.The present invention proposes to equip the injection device 6 with a heating means 8,8 'to increase the temperature of the reducing agent 7 when it is delivered inside the exhaust line 4. the frequent case where the reducing agent 7 comprises urea and water, such heating can initiate a decomposition of the reducing agent 7 from a water evaporation and a start of thermolysis of urea.

Sur la figure 2, le moyen de chauffage 8,8' comprend un premier moyen de chauffage 8 qui équipe une extrémité de délivrance 20 du dispositif d'injection 6, cette dernière étant léchée par les gaz d'échappement 2 lors de leur circulation à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement 4. Autrement dit, l'extrémité de délivrance 20 est logée à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement 4, de telle sorte que l'agent réducteur 7 est chauffé après une libération de ce dernier à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement 2. Le premier moyen de chauffage 8 est par exemple organisé en un cône de chauffage qui enveloppe l'extrémité de délivrance 20 et qui est pourvu d'au moins une perforation 21 pour le passage des gaz d'échappement 2 à son travers. Le cône de chauffage est indifféremment un cône de chauffage par effet Joule ou par induction.On the figure 2 , the heating means 8,8 'comprises a first heating means 8 which equips a delivery end 20 of the injection device 6, the latter being licked by the exhaust gases 2 during their circulation inside the the exhaust line 4. In other words, the delivery end 20 is housed inside the exhaust line 4, so that the reducing agent 7 is heated after a release of the latter to the 2. The first heating means 8 is for example organized in a heating cone which envelops the delivery end 20 and which is provided with at least one perforation 21 for the passage of the gases. exhaust 2 to his through. The heating cone is indifferently a heating cone by Joule effect or by induction.

Sur la figure 2, le moyen de chauffage 8,8' comprend un deuxième moyen de chauffage 8' qui équipe un organe de délivrance 9 de l'agent réducteur 7. L'organe de délivrance 9 loge préférentiellement une rampe de délivrance 22 de l'agent réducteur 7 telle que décrite ci-dessus pour augmenter une distance parcourue par une quelconque goutte d'agent réducteur 7 entre la réserve 10 et l'injecteur 11. La rampe de délivrance 22 est préférentiellement agencée en une portion d'hélice. Selon une forme de réalisation, la rampe de délivrance 22 comprend un tour d'hélice. Selon une autre forme de réalisation, la rampe de délivrance 22 comprend une pluralité de tours d'hélice. L'organe de délivrance 9 est disposé entre une réserve 10 d'agent réducteur 7 et un injecteur 11 d'agent réducteur 7. L'organe de délivrance 9 comprend au moins un cône de délivrance de l'agent réducteur 7. Le deuxième moyen de chauffage 8' est indifféremment constitué d'au moins une résistance chauffante qui est accolée à l'organe de délivrance 9, d'un manchon chauffant qui enveloppe l'organe de délivrance 9 ou bien d'une bobine de chauffage par induction ou analogue. A partir d'un chauffage de l'agent réducteur 7, il est possible de réduire les oxydes d'azote dès la mise marche du moteur à combustion interne 1.On the figure 2 the heating means 8, 8 'comprises a second heating means 8' which equips a delivery member 9 of the reducing agent 7. The delivery member 9 preferably houses a delivery ramp 22 of the reducing agent 7 as described above to increase a distance traveled by any drop of reducing agent 7 between the reserve 10 and the injector 11. The delivery ramp 22 is preferably arranged in a helix portion. According to one embodiment, the delivery ramp 22 comprises a helical turn. According to another embodiment, the delivery ramp 22 comprises a plurality of helical turns. The delivery member 9 is arranged between a reserve 10 of reducing agent 7 and an injector 11 of reducing agent 7. The delivery member 9 comprises at least one delivery cone of the reducing agent 7. The second means 8 'is indifferently constituted of at least one heating resistor which is contiguous to the delivery member 9, a heating sleeve which envelops the delivery member 9 or an induction heating coil or the like . From a heating of the reducing agent 7, it is possible to reduce the nitrogen oxides at the start of the internal combustion engine 1.

Le moyen de chauffage 8,8' est à même de délivrer une puissance de chauffe qui est comprise entre 100 W et 2 000 W, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 1 200 W à +/- 10% près. Ces dispositions offrent le meilleur compromis possible entre une puissance électrique consommée et une décomposition de l'agent réducteur 7 pour rendre ce dernier efficace afin de réduire les oxydes d'azote à l'intérieur du catalyseur de réduction 5. Le moyen de chauffage 8,8' est activé selon une température de catalyseur Tc du catalyseur de réduction 5. Plus particulièrement, l'injection d'agent réducteur 7 à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement est placée sous la dépendance de la température de catalyseur Tc du catalyseur de réduction 5, dans le sens où l'injection est réalisée dès que la température de catalyseur Tc du catalyseur de réduction 5 est supérieure à 100°C.The heating means 8, 8 'is capable of delivering a heating power which is between 100 W and 2000 W, preferably of the order of 1200 W to within +/- 10%. These provisions offer the best possible compromise between a power electrical consumption and decomposition of the reducing agent 7 to make it effective to reduce the nitrogen oxides inside the reduction catalyst 5. The heating means 8,8 'is activated according to a catalyst temperature T c reduction catalyst 5. More particularly, the injection of reducing agent 7 inside the exhaust line is dependent on the catalyst temperature T c of the reduction catalyst 5, in the sense that the injection is carried out as soon as the catalyst temperature T c of the reduction catalyst 5 is greater than 100 ° C.

L'ensemble de ces dispositions est tel que sous une contrainte de volume disponible pour le dispositif d'injection 6, le meilleur compromis est obtenu pour éviter un encrassement du catalyseur de réduction 5 à partir d'une augmentation de la décomposition de l'agent réducteur rendue possible par l'intermédiaire du moyen de chauffage 8,8'. Ces dispositions permettent notamment une réduction des oxydes d'azote NOx à faible température du catalyseur de réduction 5 et permettent ainsi une dépollution des gaz d'échappement 2 par exemple en roulage urbain et au démarrage.All of these provisions are such that under a volume constraint available for the injection device 6, the best compromise is obtained to prevent fouling of the reduction catalyst 5 from an increase in the decomposition of the agent. gearbox made possible through the heating means 8,8 '. These arrangements make it possible, in particular, to reduce the low-temperature nitrogen oxides NO x of the reduction catalyst 5 and thus make it possible to depollute the exhaust gases 2, for example during urban running and at start-up.

Claims (10)

Dispositif d'injection (6) d'un agent réducteur (7) à l'intérieur d'une ligne d'échappement (4) équipant un moteur à combustion interne (1) dont est pourvu un véhicule automobile (1), le dispositif d'injection (6) comprenant une réserve (10) d'agent réducteur (7) et un injecteur (11) de l'agent réducteur (7) à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement (4), un organe de délivrance (9) étant interposé entre la réserve (10) et l'injecteur (11), l'organe de délivrance (9) comprenant au moins une rampe de délivrance (22) de l'agent réducteur (7), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'injection (6) est pourvu d'au moins un moyen de chauffage (8,8') de l'agent réducteur (7).A device (6) for injecting a reducing agent (7) into an exhaust line (4) fitted to an internal combustion engine (1) provided with a motor vehicle (1), the device injection device (6) comprising a reserve (10) of reducing agent (7) and an injector (11) of the reducing agent (7) inside the exhaust line (4), a delivery (9) being interposed between the supply (10) and the injector (11), the delivery member (9) comprising at least one delivery ramp (22) of the reducing agent (7), characterized in that that the injection device (6) is provided with at least one heating means (8,8 ') of the reducing agent (7). Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'un premier moyen de chauffage (8) équipe une extrémité de délivrance (20) que comporte l'injecteur (11).Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a first heating means (8) equips a delivery end (20) that comprises the injector (11). Dispositif selon l'une quelconques des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un deuxième moyen de chauffage (8') équipe l'organe de délivrance (9).Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second heating means (8 ') equips the delivery member (9). Dispositif selon l'une quelconques des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (8,8') est apte à délivrer une puissance de chauffe comprise entre 100 W et 2 000 W.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating means (8,8 ') is capable of delivering a heating power of between 100 W and 2,000 W. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (8,8') est apte à délivrer une puissance de l'ordre de 1 200 W à +/- 10% près.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the heating means (8,8 ') is capable of delivering a power on the order of 1,200 W within +/- 10%. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (8,8') comprend au moins une résistance chauffante par effet Joule.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating means (8,8 ') comprises at least one heating element by Joule effect. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de chauffage (8,8') comprend au moins une bobine de chauffage par induction.Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heating means (8,8 ') comprises at least one induction heating coil. Ligne d'échappement (4) équipée d'un dispositif d'injection (6) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Exhaust line (4) equipped with an injection device (6) according to any one of the preceding claims. Véhicule automobile comprenant un moteur à combustion interne (1) pourvu d'une ligne d'échappement (4) selon la revendication 8.Motor vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine (1) provided with an exhaust line (4) according to claim 8. Procédé de mise en oeuvre du moyen de chauffage (8,8') constitutif du dispositif d'injection (6) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la mise en oeuvre du moyen de chauffage (8,8') est placé sous la dépendance d'une température (Tc) d'un catalyseur de réduction (5) logé à l'intérieur de la ligne d'échappement (4).Process for operating the heating means (8,8 ') constituting the injection device (6) according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the use of the heating means (8, 8 ') is placed under the control of a temperature (T c ) of a reduction catalyst (5) housed inside the exhaust line (4).
EP14158590.1A 2013-03-12 2014-03-10 Device for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust line Active EP2778360B1 (en)

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