EP2762651A1 - Unité de maçonnerie avec isolation thermique physico-constructionelle variable, et propriétés d'accumulation de chaleur et d'humidité - Google Patents

Unité de maçonnerie avec isolation thermique physico-constructionelle variable, et propriétés d'accumulation de chaleur et d'humidité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2762651A1
EP2762651A1 EP13173542.5A EP13173542A EP2762651A1 EP 2762651 A1 EP2762651 A1 EP 2762651A1 EP 13173542 A EP13173542 A EP 13173542A EP 2762651 A1 EP2762651 A1 EP 2762651A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavities
masonry unit
walls
unit according
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13173542.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Janis Klavins
Andris Jakovics
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Solid State Physics University of Latvia
Original Assignee
Institute of Solid State Physics University of Latvia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institute of Solid State Physics University of Latvia filed Critical Institute of Solid State Physics University of Latvia
Publication of EP2762651A1 publication Critical patent/EP2762651A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
    • E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to building elements in a shape of blocks or other shape, in particular, to building masonry elements with variable physico-constructional heat insulation, and heat and moisture accumulation properties, provided for ensuring the microclimate of the space in dynamic working conditions with minimal energy resources consumption.
  • a building block containing a number of internal regions with different structure and/or content ( DE19741282 ). Some of said block regions contain cavities, filled with ceramic foam. Said regions are parallel to block side walls, adapted for holding of plaster layer.
  • the main drawback of the block is that due to cavity covering approximately 1/3 of the block or an area that is >30% from the total area of the block, which cavity is designed in the centre of the element, it does not provide an adequate load-bearing capacity of the masonry wall constructions. This also exceeds the limitations set by EN 1996-1-1.
  • the known block does not provide adequate efficacy of the space microclimate stabilization due to the arrangement of heat insulating material, which is symmetrical both in an outer- and space-facing parts of the delimiting construction.
  • the cavities of the space-facing part are not provided to be filled with phase transition material.
  • a building block is known ( DE202005000723 U1 ) containing two parts.
  • the extending-through holes are formed in the two parts, provided for filling therein heat insulating material.
  • the cross-sectional area of holes of a first part are larger than the cross-sectional area of the holes of a second part, in addition, the ratio of cross-sectional area of the holes of the first part to the cross-sectional area of the holes of the second part is less than 10, preferably - less than 5.
  • the total thickness of walls of the second part of block holes is 1.5-2.5 times larger than total thickness of walls of the block first part holes.
  • the main drawback of the block is that the thickness of block walls is equal for both large and small cross-sectional holes and the vectors of their layout relative to the ceramic element symmetry axes does not provide increased masonry constructions resistance to tangential buckling deformations, because it does not provide an adequate increase of wall thickness in the direction of application of tangential buckling.
  • cross-sectional areas of the holes differ so significantly (for 1.5-2.5 times)
  • structural interfaces develop between flows of the material with significantly different speeds and pressures.
  • the process of levelling of strain differences starts, induced by pressure, on interface of said flows, causing permanent deformations on the flows interfaces.
  • these deformations increase, forms split in the ceramic walls and either destroy product or significantly reduce its strength.
  • phase transition materials are used as well, containing substances with high melting enthalpy; substances capable of storing and releasing large amount of energy and under the effect of external factors (e.g., in the result of ambient temperature changes) changes in phases, e.g. - transfers from solid aggregative state to liquid or vice versa. In this way heat is absorbed or emitted (C. Castellón et.al. "Use of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials in Building Applications”. ASHRAE, 2007).
  • a building block is known ( CN101196067 ) containing four walls, one of which is convex, and the parallel wall - is concave.
  • Block contains three cavities, which are mutually separated by block internal walls. One cavity is adapted to be filled with phase transition material, and the two others - with heat insulating material.
  • Block is provided with removable lid, adapted to cover the upper part of the block cavity containing phase transition material.
  • the cavities for phase transition material are provided with reinforcing ribs adapted to hold said removable lid.
  • a groove is formed at the centre of the block's upper part, which coincides with the central longitudinal axis of the block; the block concave wall and the block convex wall also has corresponding grooves which coincide with vertical symmetry axis of these walls.
  • phase transition material is adapted to receive reinforcement therein.
  • the main drawback of the block is that one large cavity which is adapted to be filled with phase transition material does not provide efficient utilization of phase transition material. Firstly, due to the large thickness of the material layer, the heat coming from the material is difficult to convey to premises and remove from them. The impact of phase transition material to the space microclimate significantly depends on response rate. Large thickness of phase transition material significantly reduces the response rate. Secondly, thick layer of the phase transition material layer defines much higher costs of production. Thirdly, in the course of time under the effect of gravity force phase transition material becomes compacted; in the result a relatively large gap arises at the upper part of said large cavity, reducing the heat exchange and microclimate stabilization properties of the building block.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art solutions and to propose a building block, provided to ensure set microclimate in premises in dynamic working conditions with minimum energy resources consumption.
  • the set aim is achieved by the proposed structure of the masonry building unit, where the masonry unit contains two parts: part (A) and part (B); part (A) contains outer walls of the unit, a number of cavities, adapted to be filled with heat insulation material, walls of the cavities, which are perpendicular to heat flow direction and walls of the cavities, which are parallel to heat flow direction; part (B) contains a number of cavities, adapted to be filled with phase transition material; the cross-sectional area of the part (A) cavities is larger than the cross-sectional area of the part (B) cavities, where the cross-sectional shape of part (B) cavities is such, that its perimeter is larger than perimeter of the same cross-sectional area having rectangular shape, and the material volume of the walls of masonry unit parts (A) and (B) is in the ranges between 45% and 70% of the volume of cavities, and the volume ratio of the material and cavities in each of the parts (A, B) of the masonry unit is in the range between 1% and10%, preferably - between 4% and
  • FIG. 1 is the longitudinal section of the masonry unit.
  • the part A of the masonry unit is designed to be located in the outside-facing wall part of the building, and the part B - to be located in the inside-facing part.
  • the part A of the unit contains the unit's outer wall 1.
  • the part A contains cavities 2, and the part B - cavities 6. Cavities 2 and 6 are asymmetrical and, preferably - extending-through.
  • Cavities 2 are mutually separated from each other with walls 3 and 4. Walls 3 are perpendicular to the heat flow direction, and walls 4 - are parallel to the heat flow direction. According to the preferred embodiment the unit contains two or more parallel rows of the cavities 2 (e.g., as it is shown in Fig. 1 ), preferably from 3 to 7 rows. In addition, the preferable mutual arrangement of the cavities 2 in the part A of the unit - is staggered.
  • Cavities 2 have greater cross-section than cavities 6. Cavities 6 are separated from each other with walls 5. According to the preferred embodiment the unit contains three or more parallel rows of cavities 6 (e.g., as it is shown in Fig. 1 ), preferably from 4 to 15 rows. The preferable mutual arrangement of the cavities 2 in the part B of the unit - staggered.
  • the cavities of the part A are adapted to be filled with heat insulation material (e.g., glass or rock-wool, eco-wool, synthetic foam material - foam polystyrene, polyurethane or polyamide foam or geo-polymer foam with low volume weight).
  • the cavities of the part B are adapted to be filled with material, containing the carrier of phase transition material and phase transition material pellets.
  • a shredded fibre of mineral origin, such as rock-wool or glass-wool fibre, and plant-based fibre - hemp or flax sheave, eco-wool can be used as the carrier of the phase transition material.
  • Said phase transition material is selected with the aim to achieve larger interval of thermal effect of the phase transition.
  • hygroscopic fibre eco-wool, hemp fibre, wood-fibre, geo-polymer filling, gypsum mortar
  • mineral fibres and materials without expressed hygroscopic properties rock or glass wool fibres sealing, fast-setting cement mortar or organic polymers
  • Geo-polymer mineral foam also can be used as phase transition material. In this case foam can have higher volume weight than foam, provided as a filling for the outer-wall facing part of the block.
  • the division and filling of the cavities of the parts A and B of the unit can be varied depending on designed energy efficiency of premises, heat and moisture change intensity and the planned comfort categories level of microclimate in premises.
  • the increased thickness of outer heat insulating layer is preferred.
  • the thickness of the space internal heat and moisture accumulating and stabilizing layer is preferred.
  • the proposed masonry unit can be ceramic.
  • the volume ratio of the ceramic element's wall material in the parts A and B of the block is equal and ranges between 45% and 70% of the volume of the cavities, wherein the allowed difference of the volume part of cavities in the parts A and B does not exceed 10%, preferably does not exceed 5%. This provides a possibility for making units by extrusion of clay and burnt-out additives paste, using traditional building ceramics technical equipment.
  • the increased cross-sectional area of the masonry unit part A cavities 2 allows to fill them by heat insulating material with less degree of compression.
  • both - preformed cores of corresponding size from heat insulating material can be used, by inserting them in the cavities 2 by using core shove-in technique, and fibre pieces of corresponding length from heat insulating material, by inserting them in the cavities 2 (e.g., by filling shredded fibre in the cavities 2 on vibrating conveyor by rotating brushes).
  • the cavities 2 of the part A of the masonry unit in cross-section have a rectangular shape, wherein the layout axis of the longitudinal side of the of the rectangular is parallel to the axis of the section of wall placement plan, and the length of the transverse side of the rectangular cavity 2 is 1 ⁇ 2 from the length of the cavity 2 longitudinal side.
  • the preferred thickness of the walls 3 and 4 of the masonry unit part A cavities is ⁇ 3 mm, preferably ⁇ 5 mm, and thickness of the outer wall 1 of the unit is ⁇ 5, preferably > 8 mm.
  • the thickness of the walls 4 of the cavities 2, when viewed parallel to the heat flow direction, is between 0.3 to 1, preferably 0.5 of the thickness of the walls 3 of the cavities 2, when viewed transverse to the heat flow direction.
  • fast-setting paste can be used prepared from phase transition material microgranules and mortar binder material (e.g. gypsum, fast-setting cement, fast-setting organic polymer or geo-polymer), and mixture from phase transition material microgranules and shredded fibre of mineral or organic origin (glass or rock wool, hemp fibre, wood-fibre and eco-wool, synthetic fibres with a fibre length ⁇ 4 mm; shredded fibre in the block cavities can be filled on the vibrating conveyor by rotating brushes).
  • phase transition material microgranules and mortar binder material e.g. gypsum, fast-setting cement, fast-setting organic polymer or geo-polymer
  • mixture from phase transition material microgranules and shredded fibre of mineral or organic origin glass or rock wool, hemp fibre, wood-fibre and eco-wool, synthetic fibres with a fibre length ⁇ 4 mm; shredded fibre in the block cavities can be filled on the vibrating conveyor by rotating brushes.
  • the preferable shape of the unit part B cavities 6 cross-section is trapezoidal or rhombic - with an increased surface area per volume unit.
  • phase transition material can be used known microcapsules of phase transition materials, e.g.: Basf SE Micronal DS 5008 X (polymer dispersions for construction); Rubitherm Technologies GmbH Rubitherm SP 25 A8; Microtek Laboratories, Inc. MPCM 24, 24D , MPCM 18D; RGEES LLC, savEnrg PCM 21P.
  • Basf SE Micronal DS 5008 X polymer dispersions for construction
  • Rubitherm Technologies GmbH Rubitherm SP 25 A8; Microtek Laboratories, Inc. MPCM 24, 24D , MPCM 18D; RGEES LLC, savEnrg PCM 21P.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP13173542.5A 2013-02-05 2013-06-25 Unité de maçonnerie avec isolation thermique physico-constructionelle variable, et propriétés d'accumulation de chaleur et d'humidité Withdrawn EP2762651A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LVP-13-17A LV14899B (lv) 2013-02-05 2013-02-05 Mūra elements ar maināmām siltuma izolācijas, kā arī siltuma un mitruma akumulācijas īpašībām

Publications (1)

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EP2762651A1 true EP2762651A1 (fr) 2014-08-06

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EP13173542.5A Withdrawn EP2762651A1 (fr) 2013-02-05 2013-06-25 Unité de maçonnerie avec isolation thermique physico-constructionelle variable, et propriétés d'accumulation de chaleur et d'humidité

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EP (1) EP2762651A1 (fr)
LV (1) LV14899B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104563328A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-29 甘肃天鸿金运置业有限公司 一种复合组砌抗震空斗砖墙
CN109990472A (zh) * 2018-01-02 2019-07-09 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 用于相变热水器的内胆和具有其的相变热水器

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2192226A1 (en) 1972-07-11 1974-02-08 Debrock Marcel Hollow building blocks with insulated cavities - lined with IR reflecting lining and foam filled
DE2719860A1 (de) 1977-05-04 1978-11-09 Johann Dr Vielberth Mauerstein, insbesondere ziegel
DE3100642A1 (de) 1980-01-17 1981-12-17 Wienerberger Baustoffindustrie AG, 1100 Wien Hohlbaustein
EP0214650A2 (fr) * 1985-09-12 1987-03-18 Fritz N. Musil Bloc de construction
GB2255117A (en) 1991-04-22 1992-10-28 Hepworth Building Prod Building block
DE19741282A1 (de) 1997-09-19 1999-04-08 Diha Schneider Gmbh Mauerwerksbaustein und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung desselben
DE20012221U1 (de) * 1999-09-29 2000-12-21 Nikol Schaller Ziegelwerk GmbH & Co KG, 95145 Oberkotzau Ziegel
DE10058463A1 (de) 2000-11-24 2002-05-29 Stefan Geyer Ziegel
DE202005000723U1 (de) 2005-01-17 2006-05-24 Schlagmann Baustoffwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmedämmziegel
DE202007006972U1 (de) * 2006-05-16 2007-07-26 Unipor-Ziegel-Marketing Gmbh Mauerstein und thermisch isolierende Mauer
CN101196067A (zh) 2007-12-21 2008-06-11 西北农林科技大学 一种轻质相变保温墙体砌块
DE102009045329A1 (de) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-14 Denise Graul Hochlochziegel
CN102535730A (zh) * 2012-02-15 2012-07-04 安徽工业大学 复合填充相变材料和保温材料的砌块

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2192226A1 (en) 1972-07-11 1974-02-08 Debrock Marcel Hollow building blocks with insulated cavities - lined with IR reflecting lining and foam filled
DE2719860A1 (de) 1977-05-04 1978-11-09 Johann Dr Vielberth Mauerstein, insbesondere ziegel
DE3100642A1 (de) 1980-01-17 1981-12-17 Wienerberger Baustoffindustrie AG, 1100 Wien Hohlbaustein
EP0214650A2 (fr) * 1985-09-12 1987-03-18 Fritz N. Musil Bloc de construction
GB2255117A (en) 1991-04-22 1992-10-28 Hepworth Building Prod Building block
DE19741282A1 (de) 1997-09-19 1999-04-08 Diha Schneider Gmbh Mauerwerksbaustein und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung desselben
DE20012221U1 (de) * 1999-09-29 2000-12-21 Nikol Schaller Ziegelwerk GmbH & Co KG, 95145 Oberkotzau Ziegel
DE10058463A1 (de) 2000-11-24 2002-05-29 Stefan Geyer Ziegel
DE202005000723U1 (de) 2005-01-17 2006-05-24 Schlagmann Baustoffwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmedämmziegel
DE202007006972U1 (de) * 2006-05-16 2007-07-26 Unipor-Ziegel-Marketing Gmbh Mauerstein und thermisch isolierende Mauer
CN101196067A (zh) 2007-12-21 2008-06-11 西北农林科技大学 一种轻质相变保温墙体砌块
DE102009045329A1 (de) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-14 Denise Graul Hochlochziegel
CN102535730A (zh) * 2012-02-15 2012-07-04 安徽工业大学 复合填充相变材料和保温材料的砌块

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
C. CASTELLON: "Use of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials in Building Applications", ASHRAE, 2007

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104563328A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-29 甘肃天鸿金运置业有限公司 一种复合组砌抗震空斗砖墙
CN104563328B (zh) * 2014-12-26 2017-05-03 甘肃天鸿金运置业有限公司 一种复合组砌抗震空斗砖墙
CN109990472A (zh) * 2018-01-02 2019-07-09 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 用于相变热水器的内胆和具有其的相变热水器
CN109990472B (zh) * 2018-01-02 2024-03-15 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 用于相变热水器的内胆和具有其的相变热水器

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LV14899B (lv) 2014-12-20
LV14899A (lv) 2014-08-20

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