EP2758588B2 - Pulper for defibrating wastepaper and pulps - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

From the US 2003/0173432 A1 is an apparatus known, which is used for crushing kitchen waste.

From the DE 20 2010 003 358 U1 For example, a conventional pulper is known for breaking up waste paper. On the underside of a rotor lower blades are arranged, which are designed as indexable inserts in order to increase the service life.

From the WO 98/17393 For example, an apparatus is known which is inserted from below into a container, similar to an oil drum, and with the aid of knives 40, which are driven in rotation, crushes the objects inside this container. From the US 3,073,535 is a pulper with a rotor and a trough known. The arms of the rotor are bolted to a hub. At a bottom of the trough ground segment plates are fastened by means of screws. Other pulpers are from the US 2007/0114311 A1 and the EP 0 479 203 A1 known.

Depending on the type of waste paper or pulp it is necessary to decide before the installation of a pulper (pulper) in which pulp density range (proportion of fiber material in water) and with which impact rotor the used paper grade or pulp grade is to be pitched.

If you want to change the fiber entry at a later time, extensive redevelopment measures, but often the change of the rotor and / or the rotor cage (bearing block) are necessary to make this resolution with the same high efficiency.

The inventive device (pulper, pulper) can not only avoid a complex and expensive conversion, but the user (paper mill) gets the opportunity to make different waste paper qualities in a device. The change from one variety to another variety can be done without costly conversion measures.

Depending on the requirement of reprocessed paper quality, the pulper according to the invention can be converted according to the requirements of a new "waste paper grade" in a very short time and the pulper can be operated with the optimum configuration for the dissolution of this waste paper.

The device according to the invention has a modular structure and designed so that all sub-elements are inserted and, if necessary, secured by screws. The bearing block with the drive shaft is designed accordingly and stored the drive shaft accordingly, so that all rotor configuration options can be operated.

The device according to the invention contains additional optional elements which make it possible for the first time to economically recycle (recycle) waste paper types that can not be broken down in conventional pulpers, or can only be digested in a wasteful manner and with very high energy requirements. As a result, the range of application of the device according to the invention over conventional pulpers is extended.

• Niederkonsistenzbereich (LC) zwischen ca. 4 bis 6% Stoffdichte
• Mittelkonsistenzbereich (MC) zwischen ca. 6 bis 12% Stoffdichte
• Hochkonsistenzbereich (HC) zwischen ca. 12 bis >20% Stoffdichte

A distinction is made between three substance density ranges (ratio of the pulp concentration to water) in which the fiber dissolution takes place in a pulper:

• Low consistency range (LC) between approx. 4 to 6% consistency
• Medium consistency range (MC) between approx. 6 to 12% consistency
• High consistency range (HC) between approx. 12 to> 20% consistency

In the LC and MC range, there is still a good turnover in the pulper. During the dissolution time, the fiber material to be dissolved should slide past the rotor as often as possible in order to be picked up by it again and accelerated to a high degree and thus defibrated. In addition, the strong turbulence in the pulper should also help to break up the pieces of fiber into individual fibers.

The average dissolution time of these pulpers for dissolving rapidly dissolving standard waste papers (newspapers, magazines, corrugated waste, office waste, etc.) is between 25 and 50 minutes.

LC and MC pulpers are often run in continuous operation. The dissolved fiber material is continuously withdrawn through holes in the pulper and fed to further processing.

A disadvantage of the continuous procedure with deduction of the dissolved fiber material are the sometimes large material density fluctuations. These are caused mainly by the non-uniform defibration of the different in its composition and moisture Altpapiereintrags.

For heavily printed, glued or coated papers HC pulpers are preferably used. The dissolution time is here between 45 and 90 minutes, or is, depending on the type of waste paper, even much longer.

In the HC range, there is barely any turnover visible in the pulper. Here one makes use of the fact that due to the high pulp density in the pulper, the entire paper feed is kneaded by a screw rotor and defibrated by the resulting friction (self-fiber friction). HC pulpers are operated in batch mode.

Wet-strength papers such as label papers, tissue papers such as kitchen towels, kitchen rolls, towel crepe or decorative papers or security papers can not be economically dissolved in the LC, MC or HC range in conventional pulpers with conventional rotors.

Hourly (energy-intensive) residence times are necessary in order to be able to dissolve these papers pumpable in conventional pulpers.

The energetic effort to shred the wet-strength recovered paper pumpable is in no economic relationship to the fiber gain. These papers are therefore usually burned or inferior utilization (as packaging material, padding material, etc.) supplied.

With the aid of the present invention, however, all of these papers can be dissolved in a pumpable state in about 15 to 30 minutes and can then be fed to downstream deflaking.

The invention and its advantages

With the inventive device, all waste papers, especially wet-strength qualities, can be dissolved at will, d. H. Not only can a paper mill change the type of waste paper, but also install the associated rotor configuration in a very short time. The rotor is constructed as a modular system. The most affected by the wear rotor blades are bolted to the associated straps, so that they can be easily replaced with reaching a wear limit by loosening some screws. It is also possible to adapt the rotor blades in their shape, number and dimensions to the processed waste paper grade. The number of rotor blades used can be varied by, for example, two, three, four, five or even more rotor blades are attached to the hub of the rotor according to the invention. This also makes it possible to adapt the operating characteristics of the rotor to the type of waste paper to be processed.

Changing the rotor configuration can be done in less than an hour, any rotor variant is feasible.

There is no waste paper that could not be processed with the device according to the invention.

Even wet-strength papers can be crushed with the device according to the invention pumpable in less than 30 minutes and energetically open, and can thus be fed to a subsequent deflaking or dispersion for complete Einzelzerfaserung.

The pulper according to the invention for breaking up waste paper and pulp can be rebuilt in a very short time so that it is suitable for another type of waste paper.

In practice, set-up times of one to two hours can be easily met. This shortening of the changeover time and the possibility of adapting the pulper to a wide variety of waste paper grades represents a significant advantage of the pulper according to the invention.

The modular construction of the pulper according to the invention relates equally to the trough and the rotor.

In a trough according to the invention, which comprises a bottom and a side wall connected to the bottom, it is provided that a ring plate can be detachably fastened to the bottom. The ring plate can be made in one piece, or be composed of several segments. These segments are referred to as ground segment plates.

If multiple ground segment plates are provided, then each of these ground segment plates can be replaced individually by loosening the mounting screws and removing the single ground segment plate from the bottom of the pulper.

In order to secure the ground segment plates with the required accuracy on the ground, fitting screws or dowel sleeves are preferably used.

In order to be able to adjust the operating behavior of the pulper according to the invention to the different waste paper grades, it is provided that differently shaped ground segment plates, which have at least one rib, are used.

So the soil segment plates can be perforated.

If the bottom segment plate is perforated, it is possible to operate the pulper continuously because the digested fibers are pulled off through the perforations in the bottom segment plates.

Of course, it is possible to operate the pulper according to the invention also in batch mode, if the ground segment plates have holes. These holes then additionally support the opening of the waste paper. Usually, one uses soil segment plates without perforation for batch operation.

The ribs according to the invention may have a triangular, quadrangular or round cross-section. Other cross sections are conceivable.

As a rule, the ribs extend essentially radially, because this simplifies production and facilitates the assembly of a plurality of ground segment plates. Of course, it is also possible that the ribs with a radius beam passing through the center of the bottom plate of the trough, include a non-zero angle; ie they are inclined (see the angle α in FIG. 18 ).

A further element of the "module construction kit" according to the invention is a breaker collar, which is detachably fastened to the bottom of the trough, preferably by means of screws and / or dowel sleeves. This breaker wreath is optional. It is usually located on the outside diameter of the bottom so that the rotor rotates within the crusher collar. Within the breaker collar, the ground segment plates are arranged.

The crusher ring is composed for reasons of manageability and ease of installation usually made of several segments, which are each bolted to the bottom of the Pulpertrogs with several screws. The number of arranged on the crusher wreath "tines" and their shape and arrangement relative to the rotor of the pulper represent another way to adapt the performance of the pulper according to the invention to the processed waste paper grade and their properties.

In order to achieve the best possible wear resistance of the ground segment plates but also the ribs, these are preferably made of steel or stainless steel. If necessary, the material can additionally be surface-hardened.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a centering ring is provided at the bottom of the pulper. With the help of the centering ring it is possible to center the soil segment plates as best as possible. also the gap between the centering ring and the rotor is optimized.

It is also possible to screw the rotor blades in different positions relative to the hub with the carriers. Thereby, the axial distance between the ground segment plates and the lower edges of the rotor blades can be adjusted. As a result, the shearing force between the ribs of the soil segment plates and the lower edges of the rotor blades and the wear plates can be adjusted and adapted to the type of waste paper to be processed.

The preferably hardened wear plates 6 are not necessarily a must, but it makes sense to always have it off for wear reasons. They are especially important when squeezed or cut with the ribs of the soil segment plates.

The same effect can be achieved with the help of worn on the rotor blades wear plates. The rotor wing, or its carrier can be mounted so that nothing can wedge underneath. All rotor arms should either slide very close over the elevations of the ground segment plates, or be mounted so high that wedging of wires or pieces of foil or wood is no longer possible. It is also possible to mount the rotor arms alternately high and low, so that an arm prevents wedging. The next rotor arm is mounted so high that nothing can become wedged, but everything on the bottom plate, mainly in the interstices of the ribs located fibers and films, can be swirled out to avoid "clogging" of these spaces with fiber material.

It is also possible to align the leading edges of the rotor blades more or less radially. In many applications, it is provided that the leading edges of the rotor blades with a radius beam passing through the center of the rotor, an angle α (see FIG. 18 ) between 0 ° and +/- 45 °.

For example, if the ribs on the ground segment plates are radially aligned and the leading edges of the rotor blades enclose an angle of 30 ° with a radius jet, then the shear between the ribs and the leading edge of the rotor blades will not occur "at one go" as the ribs are swept. It is rather that the point at which the lower edge of the rotor blade and a rib have a minimum distance, moves from inside to outside or from outside to inside. This achieves a smoother running of the pulper according to the invention and, moreover, a radial component of the shear forces results in the shearing gap present between the rotor blades and the ribs. This too leads to an improvement in the efficiency of the pulper according to the invention.

Further flexibility and simplification of maintenance results when the carrier itself are bolted to the hub of the rotor. Then it is z. B. also possible to attach the carrier at different heights on the rotor. It is also possible to adapt the number of carriers to the number of rotor blades desired. So it is, for example, in a rotor which is provided for the attachment of six carriers, readily possible, for example. Only two, three or four carrier and rotor blades to assemble.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that wear protection plates are releasably secured to a front side of the rotor blade. The front of the rotor blades is exposed to the greatest wear. Therefore, it is particularly effective, these front pages by wear protection plates made of a wear-resistant material, such. As hardened steel, carbide or other highly wear-resistant material. Again, the operability of the rotor according to the invention can be restored in a very short time by reaching a wear limit by simply replacing this wear plate. The design of the wear protection plates also offers further optimization possibilities with regard to the adaptation of the pulper according to the invention to various waste paper grades.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention can also be provided to releasably attach to an end face of the hub known per se from the prior art cylindrical or frustoconical screw flight.
The described components of the modular pulper according to the invention, such as. As the carrier, the rotor blades, the wear carrier, the wear protection plates and the cylindrical or truncated conical helix, and the differently shaped ground segment plates can be combined with each other arbitrarily, because all components are detachable, ie in particular by screws, connected together. Therefore, the pulper according to the invention for all on the market known waste paper types adaptable.
It continues with the paragraphs [0054] ff of EP 2 758 588 B1

The described components of the modular pulper according to the invention, such as. As the carrier, the rotor flights, the wear carrier, the wear protection plates and the cylindrical or frustoconical screw flight, and the differently shaped ground segment plates can be combined with each other arbitrarily, because all components detachable, d. H. in particular by screws, are connected together. Therefore, the pulper according to the invention for all on the market known waste paper types adaptable.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments The invention, the following drawings, the description and the claims are removable.

• Figur 1 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
• Figur 2 die "feststehenden" Teile der in Figur 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung in einer Schrägansicht,
• Figur 3 eine Seitenansicht der "feststehenden" Teile der in Figur 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung mit einer planen Bodensegmentplatte,
• Figur 4 eine Seitenansicht der "feststehenden" Teile der in Figur 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung mit einer Bodensegmentplatte mit Rippen,
• Figur 5 eine Schrägansicht der "rotierenden" Teile der in Figur 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung,
• Figur 6 die "rotierenden" Teile der in Figur 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung in einer Schrägansicht,
• Figur 7 eine Schrägansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Flach- oder Sternrotors,
• Figuren 8 bis 17 verschiedene beispielhafte Konfigurationen von Rotor- und Statorbauteilen erfindungsgemäßer Pulper-Rotor-Auslegungsmöglichkeiten,
• Figur 18 Bodensegmentplatten in unterschiedlichen Bauformen und
• Figur 19 eine Ansicht von oben auf eine weiteres Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotors.

Show it

• FIG. 1 an exploded view of a device according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 the "fixed" parts of the FIG. 1 illustrated device in an oblique view,
• FIG. 3 a side view of the "fixed" parts of in FIG. 1 illustrated device with a planar ground segment plate,
• FIG. 4 a side view of the "fixed" parts of in FIG. 1 illustrated device with a bottom segment plate with ribs,
• FIG. 5 an oblique view of the "rotating" parts of in FIG. 1 illustrated device,
• FIG. 6 the "rotating" parts of the FIG. 1 illustrated device in an oblique view,
• FIG. 7 an oblique view of an embodiment of a flat or star rotor according to the invention,
• FIGS. 8 to 17 various exemplary configurations of rotor and stator components according to the invention pulper-rotor design options,
• FIG. 18 Bodensegmentplatten in different designs and
• FIG. 19 a top view of another embodiment of a rotor according to the invention.

The embodiments fall by Fig. 2 . 3 and 8 to 13 not within the scope of the claims.

Description of the embodiments

In the FIG. 1 are the most important components from which the modular pulper according to the invention may be composed, shown in an exploded view.

First, in the upper part of the FIG. 1 a preferably frustoconical screw spiral 1 shown. This frustoconical screw 1 has in the middle of a central tube to which the actual coils are attached.

The central tube opens into a base plate (without reference numeral), which can be screwed via a screw 2 with a hub 3 of the flat rotor. On the underside of the base plate (without reference numeral), a pin 42 is visible, which serves for transmitting the torque from the hub 3 to the worm helix 1.

The worm helix 1 is used when it requires the type of waste paper to be processed and the waste paper in the high consistency range (HC) is to be digested. When the helix is not needed, it is simply unscrewed and the rotor is used as a flat rotor, which is also referred to as a star rotor or spin rotor. The in FIG. 1 shown rotor rotates counterclockwise during operation.

The rotor consists of a hub 3, which has a hexagonal cross-section in the illustrated embodiment. At each of the six outer surfaces, a carrier 5 can be screwed. However, it is also possible to screw less than six carriers and thus less than six rotor blades on the hub 3. The number of rotor blades or the carrier 5 is a possibility according to the invention of adapting the operating behavior of the rotor according to the invention to the type of waste paper to be processed.

The carrier 5 connect the rotor blades 4 with the hub 3. The rotor blades 4 may be formed as a simple angle iron and, as can be seen from the FIG. 1 results are bolted to the carriers 5. They can also be cast from steel or stainless steel and have a flow-optimized shape.

In the rotor blades 4 slots (not numbered) are formed so that an angle between a leading edge of the rotor blades 4 and a radius beam passing through the center of the hub 3, can be set within wide limits. It has proven to be sufficient in many cases when the angle α (see FIG. 18 ) between the radius jet and a leading edge of the rotor blades 4 can be varied between 0 ° and 45 °.

At the front in the direction of rotation of the rotor blades 4 wear plates 6 are screwed. These wear plates 6 are preferably made of a very wear-resistant material and are replaced after reaching a wear limit. This can be done very easily and quickly by loosening two screws, as shown by the illustrated screw 7.

The hub 3 of the rotor is mounted on a drive shaft 18, which is also referred to as the rotor shaft. At the in FIG. 1 lower end of the drive shaft, either an unillustrated electric motor can be flanged directly or indirectly driven for example via a belt drive or a gearbox by an electric motor.

Of course, all known from the prior art electric motors for driving the drive shaft of the rotor can be used. In this case, so-called torque motors or conventional asynchronous or synchronous three-phase motors can be used. Of course, the operating behavior of the rotor can also be influenced by the speed of these motors. Control of the speed of the drive motors is therefore advantageous in some cases.

The drive shaft 18 is rotatably mounted in a bearing block 17. Of course, this bearing block 17 must be very strong, since during the Operating significant dynamic forces acting on the rotor. On the bearing block 17, a pulp trough is placed and screwed to it.

The pulper trough essentially consists of a base plate 16 and a frustoconical side wall adjoining it (without reference number). At the inner diameter of the bottom plate 16, a centering ring 13 is arranged. The centering ring 13 stiffened on the one hand, the bottom plate in the region of the through hole for the drive shaft 18 and serves as a centering or positioning aid for the ground segment plates 8. The ground segment plates 8 are bolted to the bottom 16. The designated screw holes are indicated in the bottom plate 16 and have no reference numerals.

In the ground segment plates 8, they are indicated by the reference numeral 12. The ground segment plates 8 can be designed differently according to the requirements of the waste paper to be processed. They may have holes 36 and on the top of the ground segment plates 8 ribs 9 may be arranged with a rectangular cross-section.

These perforations 36 may also be provided in the other ground segment plates 8 with ribs 9, 10 or 11. Through these perforations 36 fibers can be removed during operation of the pulper, so that the pulper can be operated continuously. It goes without saying that these perforations 36 are optional and can be provided on all forms of ground segment plates 8 as needed. This makes it readily possible to use the same pulper both for batch operation and for continuous operation.

Knife-like ribs 11 having a triangular cross-section are arranged in the clockwise-following ground segment plates 8. In the adjoining ground segment plates 8 rod-shaped ribs 10 are attached. In many applications, all ground segments 8 will be the same. However, it is also sometimes advantageous to arrange a series of differently shaped ground segment plates 8 successively on the bottom of the Pulpertrogs. The selection in FIG. 1 is shown merely to illustrate a selection of four different ground segment plates 8. The dimensions and the number of these ribs 9, 10 and 11 are further parameters for adapting the pulper to the waste paper grade to be processed. Further embodiments of ground segment plates 8 are in the FIG. 18 shown.

Depending on the task, plane, flat plates or plate segments equipped with knives or baffles can be used as base plate segments.

The bottom plate segments 8 can be designed with or without perforation 36 for pumping out the stock suspension. (Please refer FIG. 1 )

If knife plates (i.e., bottom segment plates 8 with ribs 9 or 11) are used, according to the invention the preferred geometry of the knives extends in a star shape or radially from the shaft center. This ensures that the blade gap increases steadily outwards and is thus flushed through constantly. As a result, the material to be dissolved can not settle between the knives.

This is particularly important if the pulper is operated continuously via a perforation 36 and the shredded material is to be constantly pumped out. But other geometric arrangements are possible and applicable. The geometry of the knives 9, 11 may vary depending on the task.

If large pieces of paper are to be comminuted, preferably square knives 9 or triangular knives 11 are used on the floor segment slats 8. If a strong friction (defibration) is to be exerted on the paper together with a shearing action, geometries such as round rods 10 or half-round rods are preferably used.

But also a combination of different disk configurations is possible. Thus, for example, a soil segmental plate 8 with square blade 9 (cut, shorten) in alternation with a ground segment plate 8 with round rods 10 (kneading, frictional) replace.

Thus, the assembly and disassembly of the ground segment plates 8 can be done very quickly, the segments on the drive shaft 18 zugewanden inner side preferably inserted, not bolted, and only be screwed on the outer diameter.

Another modular component of the pulper according to the invention is the breaker collar 14, which in turn is preferably composed of several segments. The breaker collar 14 is screwed with the help of screw holes 15 on the outer diameter of the bottom plate 16 if necessary. There are many applications in which can be dispensed with such a crusher wreath. Again, the modular concept of the pulper according to the invention comes again to bear.

In the FIG. 2 The fixed parts of the pulper are shown in an assembly drawing. It should be pointed out again at this point that all individual components can be combined with each other or can be omitted.

From the FIG. 2 It is clear that the trough of the pulper is fixed with its bottom plate to the bearing block 17. Furthermore, it becomes clear that the centering ring 13 takes over the positioning and centering of the ground segment plates 8 and outside the ground segment plates 8 a breaker collar 14 can be arranged. All segments of the breaker collar 14 and all ground segment plates 8 are releasably secured by screw on the bottom plate 16 of the pulper. This means that when changing the type of waste paper, for example, by replacing the ground segment plates 8 and / or by omitting the breaker collar 14, the performance of the pulper to this new waste paper grade can be adjusted.

In the FIG. 3 is the one in the FIG. 2 shown as an oblique view constellation again in section.

In the FIG. 4 a variation is shown in which the ground segment plates 8 have ribs 9. This means that the distance between a lower edge of the wear plates 6 and the bottom plate 8 is reduced and due to the unevenness of the "bottom segment plates" increased and dynamic shear forces in the gap between the lower edge of the wear plates 6 and the bottom segment plates 8 result.

In the FIG. 5 are those in the FIG. 1 shown rotating components shown in an assembly drawing in the assembled state.

In the FIG. 5 Thus, the structural design of the rotor according to the invention is even clearer. Furthermore, it is clear that the design of the wear plates 6 can also be used to adapt the rotor to the processed waste paper grade.

At one of the in the FIG. 5 provided with the reference numeral 6 wear protection plate it is serrated at its upper edge sawtooth. As a result, the breaking up of the waste paper is further promoted. The other illustrated wear plates 6 have a straight top edge.

The interaction of the pin 42 with the hub 3 for the positive transmission of torque is also sufficient FIG. 5 out. As a result, the screw 2 is relieved.

In the FIG. 6 is the assembly drawing according to FIG. 5 shown in a longitudinal section.

In the FIG. 7 is now an embodiment of a flat rotor according to the invention, ie a rotor without screw helix 1, again enlarged and shown more clearly. Again, it applies again that the wear plates 6 can be designed differently.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 7 are in a sense on the "back" of the rotor blades 4 wing-like profile pieces 35 are provided. These wing-like profile pieces 35 reduce the flow resistance of the rotor in the waste paper and thereby bring about a further improvement in the energy efficiency of the pulper according to the invention. If, in a later series production, these components are no longer produced mechanically, but rather represent the casting thereof more rationally, the component 35 will form a unit with the wing 4.

Of course, these wing-like profile pieces 35 can also be designed differently. In any case, the profile pieces 35, which are often made of plastic or another relatively soft and easy-to-process material, serve to protect the screw connection between the rotor blades 4 and the carriers 5.

Regardless of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures, the rotor according to the invention has the following properties:

The number of rotor blades 4 and the carrier 5 is arbitrary; However, the arrangement must not cause any imbalance and therefore the rotor blades 4, no matter how many are mounted, should always be placed symmetrically around the shaft.

The number of rotor blades can start at two wings, but it can also be up to 8 or even more wings.

The number of wings depends on the type of waste paper, the consistency and the working speed of the rotor.

The number of mounting surfaces on the hub 3 for the carrier 5 determines the maximum possible number of rotor blades that can be mounted. Hubs 3 with, for example, 6, 8, 10 or more mounting surfaces can be mounted on the drive shaft 18.

If, for example, a hub 3 with the mounting surfaces for eight rotor blades 4 is used, the rotor can be operated optionally with 8, with 6, with 4 or with 2 blades.

With a design of the hub 3 for a maximum of six rotor blades driving with 6, 4, 3 or at least 2 wings is possible.

The operation of a rotor with few rotor blades can then be meaningful and effective if the flat rotor is to be operated at very high speed. As a result, the better downstream flow of the suspension can be ensured and cavitation can be avoided.

Likewise, by screwing on differently shaped wear plates 6 on the front side of the rotor blade 4, the geometry of the rotor blades 4 can be changed.

If, for example, large pieces of paper introduced into the pulper are to be comminuted in a very short time, wear plates are preferably used whose bottom edges are flat and exert a strong shearing action on the large waste paper pieces by lowering them very far to the knife blades underneath.

The front surfaces of the wear plates may also be planar and formed as a baffle, or have edges or corners in a variety of geometries to aid in severing wastepaper upon impact with these edges and corners.

Also, different variants of the wear plates 6 are possible alternately on each second rotor blade 4 in straight number configurations.

If there are damage or washouts on the wear plates 6 after many operating hours, these can, depending on their geometry, be turned in a very short time, or be replaced by new plates.

The replacement of one or more damaged rotor arms (6, 5, 4) is by the invention Plug and / or screw connection, with which the rotor arms 6, 5, 4 are fixed to the hub 3, also possible in a very short time.

A processing of the entire rotor, associated with loss of time and costs, can be eliminated.

It is also possible to fasten the rotor arms 6, 5, 4 at varying heights to the ground segment plates 8 with ribs 9, 10, 11 on the hub 3. By this arrangement, z. B. can be achieved that the sliding with more distance over the blade plate rotor arm causes a good mixing of the Pulperinhalts, while the subsequent rotor arm slides tightly over the blade plate and cuts large pieces of paper.

To change the diameter of a rotor (bigger as smaller) does not necessarily change the whole rotor and be sized differently. For changes in the rotor diameter (in the range of about 50% larger or smaller), it is sufficient to increase or decrease the diameter of the hub. The dimensions of the rotor blades can remain the same. Alternatively, the hub 3 remain unchanged and or other carrier 5 can be used.

So that no standing and only rotating in itself water column can form over the hub 3, it is advantageous to attach two skids, starting from the hub center, on the hub top (not shown).

With the increase in the rotor diameter increases at the same speed, the peripheral speed at the wing outer edge, the centrifugal effect is increased, the impact effect on outer bump edges is significantly improved.

This configuration is advantageous when high-speed paper is to be thrown against impact edges at high speed. As a result of the impact of pieces of paper on the impact edges, the pieces of paper are broken up into smaller and smaller parts and ultimately into individual fibers without fiber damage. Thus, in addition to the turbulence and friction acting on the pieces of paper, the kinetic energy is also exploited by the impact of the pieces of paper on the bump edges.

In the FIGS. 8 to 17 five particularly suitable combinations or variations of the modular design dissolution device are each shown in an exploded view and in a longitudinal section and described below.

As is clear from the FIG. 8 results, there is no crusher ring in this variant. The ground segment plates 8 are formed as flat plates without ribs. The rotor itself and the hub 3 of the rotor are hexagonal and there are a total of 6 rotor blades 4 mounted. This configuration can be used for all easily dissolvable but contaminated waste papers in the low consistency range (LC) and medium consistency range (MC). Such waste papers are processed in aqueous suspension by generating a strong turbulence to single fibers.

The rotor has an operating speed of about 450-600 rpm

The FIG. 9 shows a section through this previously shown FIG. 8

Above all, the wear plates 6 protect the rotor blades 4 and the carriers 5 and are intended to slide over the ground segment plates 8 at a small axial distance. This small distance ensures that wires, sheets, wood, plastic parts or other contaminants of the waste paper can not become wedged under the rotor blades 4.

Often these pulpers are driven in continuous operation. In this procedure, the pulp suspension is tried evenly through the perforation (not shown in FIG FIG. 8 ) in the soil segment plates and at the same time again bring water and waste paper as accurately and in the correct ratio in the pulper.

Untrimmed paper pieces and foreign matter are retained over the perforated plate segments. The foreign substances are removed periodically via a dirt lock. After breaking up into individual fibers, the pieces of paper are peeled off over the perforations in the segment plates.

In the Figures 10 and 11 is a second configuration or variant shown in which the ground segment plates 8 are also made plan. At the hub 3, only two carriers 5 and correspondingly two rotor blades 4 are arranged with the wear plates 6. On the end face of the hub 3, a screw helix 1 is placed, whose diameter is almost as large as the diameter of the rotor blades 4th

This configuration is particularly suitable for all easily dissolvable or even foil-laminated papers in the high-consistency range (HC). This variant is used when all possible impurities are present in the waste paper. It can be used in continuous operation or in batch mode.

The operating speed is typically 200-250 / min.

Because the rotor more or less kneads the paper to be dissolved, two wings are sufficient. These wings serve as a sort of Abräumer or slide over the smooth bottom segmental plates 8, because the screw helix 1 this can not because of their possibly smaller diameter. With this configuration too, it should again be emphasized that the combination of the screw flight 1 and the two rotor blades 4 working as scrapers is made possible by screwing together various elements of the modular rotor according to the invention.

The registered waste paper is exposed to the relatively long edges of the screw helix 1 of an intense friction, which facilitates the detachment of fibers from film surfaces and supports.

About the variation of the main dimensions (Height and diameter) of the screw flight 1, the pulper can be prepared in the easiest way for MC or HC waste paper.

The Figures 12 and 13 show a third configuration of a pulper. This third configuration is based essentially on the first variant ( FIGS. 8 and 9 ). However, the crusher ring 14 is additionally installed. At the tines 37 of the breaker collar 14, the paper is thrown and shredded by the rapidly rotating rotor. This means that the defibration takes place substantially at the tines 37 of the breaker collar. The rotor operates as a "spinner" and hurls the paper to be shredded radially outward against the prongs 37. When the prongs 37 are worn, the bolted crusher collar 14 can be easily replaced.

The speed here is 600-1'000 / min; with the digestion of high-wet-strength old paper, possibly more than 1,000 / min.

In the Figures 14 and 15 a fourth configuration or variant is shown which is based on variant 2 ( Figures 10 and 11 based). It is, unlike variant 2, especially suitable for clean and unmixed waste paper.

Instead of the flat bottom plate 8 according to FIGS. 10 and 11, the bottom segment plates 8 are provided with ribs 9, 10 and 11. The rotor is equipped with a total of 6 wings, so that as many cutting or pinching edges arise between the lower edge of the wear plates 6 and the ribs 9, 10 and 11 on the ground segment plates 8 at each revolution.

In connection with the FIG. 14 It should be noted that the ribs 9 to 11 are arranged radially, while the leading edges of the rotor blades 4 are not aligned radially. This results in an inwardly widening nip between the lower edge of a rotor blade 4 and an elongated elevation 9, which also ensures that in the opening nip of the ribs the pieces of paper lying therein do not wedge and the spaces between the ribs not but can be crowded with each sliding rotor wing to the outer edge.

The Figures 16 and 17 show a fifth configuration based on configurations 1 and 3 ( FIGS. 8 and 9 as well as 12 and 13). In addition, one of the ground segment plates 8 with the ribs 9, 10 and / or 11 is used instead of the flat bottom plate. These support the defibration of the waste paper.

Of course, the basis of the FIGS. 8 to 17 They are intended primarily to illustrate that by exchanging individual elements or omitting individual elements, the operating behavior of the pulpers according to the invention can be varied within very wide limits and thus the pulper can be adapted to different waste paper grades.

In the following, some typical configurations are explained without representing them in a figure. This is unnecessary because they are composed of the components previously described in detail.

Configuration for LC and MC resolution for standard standard resolvable paper:

Small, conical and fast rotating worm rotor (1) with flat bottom plate segments (8). Without perforation in the soil segment plates for driving in batch mode, with perforation for continuous operation.

This configuration is useful if you want to open up (recycle) mixed and foil-clad or foil-coated waste paper and possibly contaminated waste paper, which can be processed to single fibers very quickly even under heavy turbulence. In addition to the strong turbulence in the pulper, the friction on the rotor edge should be increased.

Configuration for resolution in the HC range of normal resolvable waste paper:

Slow rotating flat rotor with attached large helix 1 (conical or cylindrical) and plane ground segment plates 8.

In this configuration, a pulper is usually run in batch mode, the soil segment plates 8 therefore have no perforation.

This configuration is useful for recycling mixed and possibly contaminated waste papers that begin to fibrillate at the rotor edges at very high pulp density under high friction, but slow buoyancy, or that break up at high rotor edges Consistency of existing fiber / fiber friction can quickly rub off film surfaces.

Another positive reason for the high-consistency resolution is the low influence of the resolution on interfering and foreign substances. Due to the very low turnover in the pulper, foreign matter and foreign substances are not significantly crushed or smashed, but remain in their size and are thus easy to sort. Furthermore, with a high-consistency pulper (HC pulper) twice or three times the throughput of a (LC) low-consistency pulper of the same size can be achieved.

However, energy demand increases linearly with throughput.

Configuration for LC and MC resolution for very difficult to dissolve (wet-strength) waste papers:

Fast rotating flat rotor 1 with flat ground segment plates 8 and breaker collar 14. Without perforation in the ground segment plates 8 for the mode of operation in batch mode, with perforation for continuous operation.

This configuration is well suited if the registered waste paper is not too large pieces of paper and contains no mechanical impurities.

To ensure that no solid contaminants and impurities are contained, an upstream detection for contaminants and their precipitation is useful.

Due to the high-speed rotating rotor, the material suspension is greatly accelerated by the high peripheral speed at the rotor blade ends and thrown against the impact edges of the crusher collar positioned at a small distance. As a result of the impact on the edges, the pieces of paper are progressively more and more shredded until they have the desired size in order to be pumped off and fed to the subsequent deflaking.

Configuration for LC and MC resolution for very difficult to resolve used papers:

Fast rotating flat rotor 1 with bottom segmental plates 8 having ribs 9, 10 or 11), and crusher collar 14. Without perforation in the plate segments for batch driving, with perforation for continuous operation.

This configuration is well suited if the registered waste paper contains no mechanical impurities but many large pieces of paper. To ensure the cleanliness of the waste paper, an upstream detection for contaminants and their separation makes sense.

In this configuration, with the aid of the ribs 9, 10, or 11 over which the wear plates 6 slide with a very small gap, the large pieces of paper are comminuted in less than 15 minutes to a size about the distance of the ribs 9, 10, or 11 corresponds to each other.

Configuration for resolution in the HC range for very difficult to dissolve waste paper:

Slow-rotating flat rotor 3 with attached large screw helix 1 (cylindrical or conical) and ground segment plates 8, the ribs 9, 10, or 11 have;

Without perforation in the plate segments for the mode of operation in batch mode, with perforation for continuous operation.

This configuration is well suited if the registered waste paper contains no mechanical impurities.

To ensure cleanliness, an upstream detection for contaminants and their precipitation makes sense.

This mode of operation has the advantage that with a high-consistency pulper (HC-pulper) the double to triple throughput compared to a (LC) low-consistency pulper of the same size can be achieved. However, energy demand increases linearly with throughput.

Another feature of the present invention is the very quick and easy replacement of the floor panels.

The size of each plate segment is sized so that each segment can be replaced without raising the rotor or removing a rotor blade.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 19 the rotor blades 4 are bolted directly to the hub 5. The carrier 5 can then be omitted.

Claims (15)

1. Pulper for defibrating waste paper and pulps having a trough and a rotor, wherein the trough comprises a base (16) and a side wall connected to said base (16), wherein at least one base segment plate (8, 9, 10, 11) is separably fastened to the base (16), wherein the rotor is arranged on a rotatably mounted drive shaft (18), wherein the pulper is modularly constructed and said rotor and said trough each comprise at least two elements (16, 8, 3, 4, 5, 6) or assemblies separably connected to each other, wherein the at least one base segment plate (8) comprises at least one rib (9, 10, 11), wherein the rotor comprises a boss (3) and at least one rotor vane (4), preferably however a plurality of rotor vanes (4), wherein each rotor vane (4) is separably connected with the boss (3) of the rotor, and wherein the rotor vanes (4) can be secured in various positions relative to the boss (3), characterized in, that each of the rotor vanes (4) is screwed to a holder (5), that each of the holders (5) is connected with the boss (3) of the rotor, und in that the rotor vanes (4) can be screwed at various angles.
2. Pulper in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that a ring plate or the at least one base segment plate (8) is screwed to the base (16),
3. Pulper in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a ring plate or the at least one base segment plate (8) and the base (16) are positioned relative to one another by locating screws and/or fitting sleeves.
4. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one base segment plate (8) is perforated (36).
5. Pulper in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the at least one rib (9, 10, 11) has a triangular, quadrangular or round cross-section.
6. Pulper in accordance with claim 4, characterised in that the long axis of the at least one rib (9, 10, 11) preferably extends in the radial direction.
7. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a breaker ring (14) is separably secured to the base (16).
8. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the base segment plates (8 - 11) and/or the ribs are of steel or stainless steel, said items being additionally hardened or having had a wear-resistant surface coating applied.
9. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the base (16) comprises a centering ring (13).
10. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the rotor vanes (4) can be screwed in at different heights above the base (16) of the pulper trough.
11. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the boss (3) may be fitted on the drive shaft (18) at various heights above the base (16) of the pulper trough.
12. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the holder (5) are screwed to the rotor boss (3).
13. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that wear protection plates (6) are mounted separably and/or at adjustable heights on the leading side of the rotor vanes (4).
14. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped auger flight (1) is separately mounted on an end face of the boss (3).
15. Pulper in accordance with one of the preceding claims 13 or 14, characterised in that the wear protection plates (6) are made from steel, stainless steel, carbide metal or are additionally hardened or have had a wear resistant surface coating applied to the main wear zones.

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