EP2752741A2 - Appareil électronique et procédé de détermination de la validité des entrées de touches utilisées pour l'appareil électronique - Google Patents

Appareil électronique et procédé de détermination de la validité des entrées de touches utilisées pour l'appareil électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2752741A2
EP2752741A2 EP13198070.8A EP13198070A EP2752741A2 EP 2752741 A2 EP2752741 A2 EP 2752741A2 EP 13198070 A EP13198070 A EP 13198070A EP 2752741 A2 EP2752741 A2 EP 2752741A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
input
key
touch key
dummy
touch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13198070.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2752741B1 (fr
EP2752741A3 (fr
Inventor
Sang-Yup Lee
Hark-Sang Kim
Jung-Won Kim
Jong-Dae Park
Yeon-Hwan Kim
Hyong-Rae Cho
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samsung Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Publication of EP2752741A2 publication Critical patent/EP2752741A2/fr
Publication of EP2752741A3 publication Critical patent/EP2752741A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2752741B1 publication Critical patent/EP2752741B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/02Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
    • G06F3/0227Cooperation and interconnection of the input arrangement with other functional units of a computer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G06F3/0418Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers for error correction or compensation, e.g. based on parallax, calibration or alignment
    • G06F3/04186Touch location disambiguation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G06F3/04886Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures by partitioning the display area of the touch-screen or the surface of the digitising tablet into independently controllable areas, e.g. virtual keyboards or menus
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04104Multi-touch detection in digitiser, i.e. details about the simultaneous detection of a plurality of touching locations, e.g. multiple fingers or pen and finger

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a terminal device for determining validity of touch key input and a method and apparatus for determining validity of touch key input used for the terminal.
  • terminals such as smart phones and tablet Personal Computers (PCs) are becoming more and more popular.
  • PCs Personal Computers
  • the terminals have adopted touch keys for designs and convenience in use.
  • input of a touch key may be determined by measuring a capacitance change. That is, the terminal determines whether the touch key is input by measuring a capacitance change generated in the touch key according to user's manipulation. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1A , the terminal determines that a user input is generated (typically by contact with a user's finger or a specifically designed stylus)in a section 102 where capacitance is changed, and the terminal performs a function corresponding to the touch key. For accuracy of the manipulation, the terminal may determine that the touch key is input if a capacitance change exceeds a preset threshold value. For example, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the terminal may determine that the touch key is input; in a section 106 where the capacitance is changed by the preset threshold value or less, the terminal may determine that the touch key is not input.
  • the touch key is located adjacent to a display region, and as result, a touch key may be unintentionally input during user's manipulation, as will be described with reference to FIGs. 1C and 1D .
  • FIGs. 1C and 1D illustrate examples of a terminal 100 in which touch keys 122a and 122b and a physical key 121 are disposed in a side of a display 110.
  • the touch key 122b is often unintentionally input.
  • the present disclosure has been made to at least partially solve, alleviate, or remove at least one of problems and/or disadvantages described above.
  • aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for determining validity of touch key input.
  • a method for operating an electronic apparatus comprising a touch key for performing a preset function, a dummy key and a controller
  • the method of operating the electronic apparatus including determining whether the touch key is input to perform a preset function, determining whether the dummy key is input by the controller, determining validity of input of the touch key based on whether the dummy key is input by the controller and performing the preset function when the input of the touch key is valid.
  • an electronic apparatus configured to determine validity of touch key input, the electronic apparatus including a touch key for performing a preset function, a dummy key for determining validity of input of the touch key, a sensor unit for analyzing a signal received from the touch key and a signal received from the dummy key, and generating a key input signal indicating input of the touch key or the dummy key if determining that at least one of the touch key or the dummy key is input, and a controller for analyzing the key input signal received from the sensor unit, determining whether the dummy key is input if determining that the touch key is input, and determining validity of input of the touch key based on whether the dummy key is input, wherein the controller performs the preset function if it determines that the touch key input is valid.
  • an electronic apparatus for determining validity of touch key input, the electronic apparatus including a display formed on a front surface of the electronic apparatus, at least one touch key formed on at least one side of the display and configured to sense an input, and at least one dummy key formed on at least one side of the display and configured to sense an input to determine whether the input of the at least one touch key is valid.
  • a touch key is generally located adjacent to a display region, and thus, a user may unintentionally press a touch key during manipulation on the display region.
  • touch keys are often positioned on a housing that encloses the display region, and when the user manipulates a terminal while holding the housing, a touch key is often unintentionally input.
  • the present invention provides a method and apparatus in which upon input of a touch key that is not intended by a user, a function corresponding to the touch key is not performed.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram describing a terminal 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a terminal 100 preferably includes a display 110, a Black Matrix (BM) region 120 (for example, as described in U.S. Pat, No. 8,445,914 , herein incorporated by reference in its entirety), and an apparatus for determining validity of touch key input (not illustrated).
  • BM Black Matrix
  • a display 110 is positioned on a front surface of the terminal 100 and may include a touch screen.
  • touch keys 122a and 122b and dummy keys 123a, 123b, 123c, and 123d are disposed on the BM region 120.
  • a physical key 121 may be further disposed on the BM region 120.
  • the touch keys 122a and 122b are used to perform preset functions and send a sensed capacitance value to the apparatus for determining validity of touch key input.
  • the apparatus for determining validity of touch key input determines validity of input of the touch keys 122a and 122b. In an embodiment, the apparatus for determining validity of touch key input determines validity of input of the touch keys 122a and 122b based on whether the dummy keys 123a, 123b, 123c and 123d are input, if the touch keys 122a and 122b are input. If the apparatus determines that input of the touch keys 122a and 122b is valid, it controls functions corresponding to the touch keys 122a and 122b to be performed. If the apparatus determines that input of the touch keys 122a and 122b is invalid, it controls the functions corresponding to the touch keys 122a and 122b not to be performed. That is, the apparatus for determining validity of touch key input determines whether input of the touch keys 122a and 122b is intended by the user and determines whether to perform the functions corresponding to the touch keys 122a and 122b.
  • the apparatus for determining validity of touch key input determines that input of the touch key 122b is not intended by the user and thus controls a function corresponding to the touch key 122b not to be performed.
  • the terminal only when a touch key 122a and/or 122b is selected, without a dummy key 123a-d, does the terminal perform the corresponding function. If selection of a dummy key 123a-d is sensed at the same time as a touch key 122a-b, the terminal assumes the selection of the touch key 122a-b was unintentional, and the function corresponding to the touch key 122a-b is not performed.
  • a function corresponding to the touch key is not performed, i.e., the touch key is ignored, thus providing convenience to the user.
  • the terminal 100 has been described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3 , a structure of a dummy key according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the related drawings.
  • FIG. 4A is an exemplary diagram illustrating a cross section cut along a line A-A' of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4B is an exemplary diagram illustrating a cross section cut along a line B - B' of FIG. 2
  • GFF Glass plus ITO Film plus ITO Film
  • the terminal includes a transmission layer 132 and a reception layer 134 for sensing user input, a bezel layer 136 that forms the terminal's housing, bonding layers 133 and 135 for bonding between layers, and a display means 131.
  • the transmission layer (transmission channel) 132 and the reception layer (reception channel) 134 include at least one channel line 129 for sensing user input.
  • one channel line 129 is formed for each of the keys 122a, 122b, 123a, 123b, and 123c.
  • multiple channel lines 129 may be formed for each of the keys 122a, 122b, 123a, 123b, and 123c.
  • each channel line 129 may be formed with different intervals from key to key.
  • the channel lines 129 may be formed with narrower intervals toward the touch key 122b. In this case, the accuracy of sensing user input may be improved with a few channel lines.
  • the channel line 129 may be formed of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).
  • the channel line 129 may be formed separately from a channel line of the display region 110 as illustrated in FIG. 5B . In this case, all channel lines are directly connected to the apparatus for determining validity of touch key input.
  • the display means 131 may be, for example, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • the dummy keys may be formed at least one of on, under, to the left, and to the right of the respective touch keys or may be formed to enclose the respective touch keys, as illustrated in FIGs. 6A and 6B .
  • FIG. 6B is an exemplary diagram describing in more detail the touch key 122a and the dummy key 123a. While one transmission channel line 129a and multiple reception channel lines 129b are formed in FIG. 6B , each of the transmission channel and the reception channel may be formed with one channel line each or multiple channel lines each. As mentioned previously, intervals of respective channel lines may differ from one another, and for improvement of accuracy of touch recognition, the intervals may be narrower toward the touch key 122a as illustrated in FIG. 6B .
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart describing a method for determining validity of touch key input according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • step 701 the terminal determines whether a touch key is input to perform a preset function. If the terminal determines that the touch key is input, the terminal goes to step 703.
  • step 709 the terminal performs the function corresponding to the touch key.
  • the touch key input is determined to be invalid.
  • the touch key input may be determined to be valid. For example, even when the touch key is input in a state where the dummy key has been input, if the touch key is input after elapse of a predetermined time from the initial input of the dummy key, the terminal may determine the touch key input to be valid. More particularly, the terminal may be configured such that the touch key is only ignored during a predetermined period after a dummy key input is detected, and after such predetermined period, the terminal will perform the function corresponding to the touch key (despite selection of a dummy key).
  • a function corresponding to the touch key is not performed, i.e., the touch key is ignored, providing convenience to the user.
  • a dummy key 123d is continuously input.
  • the terminal determines input of the touch key 122a is intended by the user such that it may be necessary to perform a function corresponding to the touch key 122a.
  • the terminal may separately recognize user input generated in a region 150a and user input generated in a region 150b, as illustrated in FIG. 8B .
  • Such separate recognition may be achieved by separating channel lines for respective keys.
  • the terminal may perform a function corresponding to a touch key if touch key input is generated in the region 150b even when dummy key input is generated in the region 150a.
  • the function corresponding to the input touch key may be performed if touch key input is generated by a second action in the region 150b when dummy key input is generated in the region 150a.
  • the first action may be a single-touch gesture and the second action may be a double-touch gesture.
  • a dummy key 124 may be formed in an area of a bezel opposite the touch keys with respect to a display region. Also in this case, as described with reference to FIGs. 8A and 8B , if one of the touch keys 122a and 122b is input even when the dummy key 124 is input, the terminal may perform a function corresponding to the input touch key.
  • the function corresponding to the input touch key may be performed if touch key input is generated by the second action when the dummy key 124 is input.
  • the first action may be a single-touch gesture and the second action may be a double-touch gesture.
  • the terminal may be configured, in response to predetermined circumstances, to ignore selection of a dummy key, and perform the function corresponding to the input key (irrespective of selection of a dummy key).
  • the dummy key 124 may be formed both in regions adjacent to the touch keys 122a and 122b and in a region of the bezel opposite the touch keys 122a and 122b with respect to the display 110.
  • Steps 1001, 1003, 1011, and 1013 of FIG. 10 are the same as steps 701, 703, 707, and 709 of FIG. 7 and thus will not be described in detail.
  • the first dummy key may be the dummy keys 123a and 123b that are formed in adjacent to the touch key 122a, as described with reference to FIGs. 8A through 9B .
  • step 1007 to which the terminal proceeds after determining that the input dummy key is the first dummy key in step 1005, the terminal determines that touch key input is invalid.
  • step 1021 to which the terminal proceeds after determining that the input dummy key is a second dummy key that is not a dummy key formed in adjacent to a touch key the terminal determines that touch key input is valid, and performs a function corresponding to the input touch key. More particularly, by separating the dummy keys into a first dummy key and a second dummy key, the terminal can respond differently depending upon which dummy key is input.
  • the second dummy key may be the dummy key 123c or 123d that is not adjacent to the touch key 122a as described with reference to FIGs. 8A and 8B , or the dummy key 124 that is formed opposite the touch key with respect to the display 110.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart describing a method for determining validity of touch key input according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Steps 1101 through 1113 of FIG. 11 are the same as steps 1001 through 1013 of FIG. 10 and thus will not be described in detail.
  • step 1121 if the terminal determines that touch key input is generated by the first action, for example, the single-touch gesture, the terminal proceeds to step 1123; otherwise, if the terminal determines that the touch key input is not generated by the first action, the terminal goes to step 1125.
  • first and second actions do not refer to chronological orders of actions, but to a first and second type of action.
  • a first action can be, what is known as a "long press", where the key is depressed and not quickly released.
  • a long press may result from a user holding the terminal in a particular orientation or from resting his palm or other part of his hand on the terminal.
  • the long press action may indicate that the input of the touch key was intended by the user and not an unintentional input.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a terminal device in accordance with described embodiments of the present invention.
  • the electronic apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is assumed to be a terminal device, but the electronic apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the terminal device.
  • An example of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be a conventional feature phone, an electronic apparatus (e.g., a smart phone or a tablet) driven by Bada, Tizen, Windows series (e.g., Windows 8), iOS, Android, or the like.
  • the terminal device may be a notebook computer, a digital camera, or a video phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a portable game console, an MP3 player, a Portable/Personal Multimedia Player (PMP), a handheld e-book, a tablet computer, a Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation, or the like.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • PMP Portable/Personal Multimedia Player
  • a handheld e-book a tablet computer
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the terminal device may include a touch key input validity determining apparatus 1210, an input unit 1220, and a display 1230.
  • the touch key input validity determining apparatus 1210 may include a sensor unit 1211 and a controller 1212.
  • the sensor unit 1211 After the sensor unit 1211 analyzes the signals received from the keys 1221 and 1222, if a signal level corresponding to a key is changed by a preset threshold value or more, the sensor unit 1211 determines that the key is input, and generates and delivers a key input signal indicating input of the key to the controller 1212.
  • a first threshold value for determining whether the touch key 1221 is input and a second threshold value for determining whether the dummy key 1222 is input may be set differently. In an embodiment, to improve sensitivity of the touch key 1221, the first threshold value may be set smaller than the second threshold value. If a capacitance type is used, the signal level may be a capacitance value.
  • the controller 1212 analyzes the key input signal received from the sensor unit 1211, determines whether the dummy key 1222 is input if determining that the touch key 1221 is input, and determines validity of input of the touch key 1221 based on whether the dummy key 1222 is input.
  • the controller 1212 may analyze the signals received from the sensor unit 1211 and determine that input of the touch key 1221 is valid if determining that the touch key 1221 is input but the dummy key 1222 is not input. This case may correspond to, for example, when the user intentionally presses the touch key 1221.
  • the controller 1212 may determine input of the touch key to be invalid. If the controller 1212 determines that the input dummy key 1222 is the second dummy key and input of the touch key 1221 is generated by a second action, for example, the double-touch gesture, the controller 1212 may determine input of the touch key 1221 to be valid.
  • the input unit 1220 may include at least one touch key 1221 and at least one dummy key 1222, and may further include at least one physical key 1223 depending on an embodiment.
  • the touch key 1221 may be configured to use a capacitance type, and delivers a sensing value corresponding to user input to the touch key input validity determining apparatus 1210.
  • the dummy key 1222 may also be configured to use the capacitance type, and delivers a sensing value corresponding to user input to the touch key input validity determining apparatus 1210. The sensing value delivered from the dummy key 1222 is used to determine validity of input of the touch key 1221.
  • the display 1230 may be a touch screen.
  • the above-described embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in various arbitrary methods.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as software executed on one or more processors that use various operating systems or platforms.
  • such software may be generated using an arbitrary one of multiple proper programming languages and may be compiled into executable machine code or intermediate code that is executed on a framework or a virtual machine.
  • processors When the embodiments of the present invention are executed on one or more processors, they may be implemented with a processor-readable medium (for example, a memory, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a compact disc, an optical disc, or a magnetic tape) having recorded thereon one or more programs for executing a method for implementing the above-described various embodiments of the present invention.
  • a processor-readable medium for example, a memory, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a compact disc, an optical disc, or a magnetic tape
  • the apparatuses and methods of the disclosure can be implemented in hardware, firmware or as software or computer code that is stored on a non-transitory machine readable medium such as a CD ROM, a RAM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetooptical disk or computer code downloaded over a network originally stored on a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine readable medium and stored on a local non-transitory recording medium, so that the methods described herein are loaded into hardware such as a general purpose computer, or a special processor or in programmable or dedicated hardware, such as an ASIC or FPGA.
  • a non-transitory machine readable medium such as a CD ROM, a RAM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetooptical disk or computer code downloaded over a network originally stored on a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine readable medium and stored on a local non-transitory recording medium, so that the methods described herein are loaded into hardware such as
  • the computer, the processor, microprocessor controller or the programmable hardware include memory components, e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash, etc. that may store or receive software or computer code that when accessed and executed by the computer, processor or hardware implement the processing methods described herein.
  • memory components e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash, etc.
  • the execution of the code transforms the general purpose computer into a special purpose computer for executing the processing shown herein.
  • a "processor" or "microprocessor” constitute hardware in the claimed invention. Under the broadest reasonable interpretation, the appended claims constitute statutory subject matter in compliance with 35 U.S.C. ⁇ 101 and none of the elements consist of software per se.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Input From Keyboards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
EP13198070.8A 2013-01-04 2013-12-18 Appareil électronique et procédé de détermination de la validité des entrées de touches utilisées pour l'appareil électronique Active EP2752741B1 (fr)

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KR1020130001319A KR102047865B1 (ko) 2013-01-04 2013-01-04 터치 키 입력 유효성을 판별하는 단말 장치와 이에 이용되는 터치 키 입력 유효성 판별 방법 및 장치

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EP2752741A2 true EP2752741A2 (fr) 2014-07-09
EP2752741A3 EP2752741A3 (fr) 2017-05-31
EP2752741B1 EP2752741B1 (fr) 2019-10-09

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US (1) US9423883B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2752741B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014132454A (fr)
KR (1) KR102047865B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103914196B (fr)
AU (1) AU2013273725A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112015016110A2 (fr)
RU (1) RU2015132434A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014107026A1 (fr)

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JP2014132454A (ja) 2014-07-17
WO2014107026A1 (fr) 2014-07-10
KR102047865B1 (ko) 2020-01-22
KR20140092964A (ko) 2014-07-25
EP2752741B1 (fr) 2019-10-09
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US20140192014A1 (en) 2014-07-10
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